英语阅读理解议论文

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2025年中考备考专题初中英语阅读理解议论文真题精选专项训练

专题2025中考备考初中英语阅读理解议论文真题精选专项训练AWhen considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn't have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn't bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, "That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult—you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.1.You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.A. buy expensive shoesB. order a delicious mealC. talk with friends for new ideasD. sit quietly in front of a television2.What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage?A. Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.B. Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.C. Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.D. Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.3.The words "psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.A. attentionB. interestC. abilityD. knowledge4.The writer probably agrees that ________.A. feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growthB. feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growthC. a worthy life depends on luck and environmentD. pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy lifeBComputer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind?For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don't need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave's robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!5.Why do scientists think a robot needs a face?A. It will become more beautiful.B. It can do better in lifting things.C. It will pay more attention to children.D. It can better communicate with people.6.What does the underlined word "creepy" mean in paragraph 2?A. Uncomfortable to look at.B. Impossible to touch.C. Boring to talk to.D. Difficult to understand.7.Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with?A. People should treat robots as humans.B. Robots need to express their own feelings.C. Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.D. People can easily accept robots with a human face.8.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.B. To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.C. To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.D. To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.CIs fake grass better than a living grass lawnWhat do you need to know ？• Fake grass is made from different types of plastics and used in gardens as well as sportsgrounds.• More and more people are using fake grass to replace living grass lawns （草坪） and cover other outdoor spaces.• One company selling fake grass has sold 50% more compared with last year.• Some people think fake grass is bad for wildlife and the environment ，and mustn't be sold. Environment protectors' opinion There has been a large rise in the number of fake lawns.Environment protectors say fake grass lawns destroy （破坏） LAST WEEK'S POLL （投票）Last week ，we asked if fake grass was betterthan a real lawn.Most readers said they preferred the natural kind of green space ，especially becauseit's much better for wildlife.wildlife habitats（栖息地） at a time when we should be trying to improve the environment，which is not friendly to animals，birds or insects like bees which are important to us.However，looking after a garden can be hard work，which not everybody is willing or able to do. Yes—fake grass makesgardening easyFake grass not onlylooks tidier，it's alsoeasier to care for，especially for peoplewho find gardeningdifficult or boring.Fake grass can be sweptand cleaned，but anatural lawn needsmowing （修剪），weeding （除草） andwatering，which takeseffort and isn't alwaysgood for theenvironment.A fake grass lawn looksfresh，bright andcolourful in a shady （背阴的） outdoor space.No—fake grass should be replacedwith real grassGardens bring all kinds of natureinto our lives.Birds can peck （啄食） through lawns for bugs andworms，and underground wildlifewill not be starved of food.Plastic grass also heats up morethan a natural lawn.In warmweather，it can be too hot for bare（光脚的） feet or paws to stand on.Also，there is now no easy way torecycle plastic lawns，so most willend up in rubbish dumps（堆）.One of the best things aboutreal grass gardens is that it'srewarding （值得做的）.You can'tplant flowers on a plasticlawn.Even a tiny real grass lawn—which provides food for birds and ahome for insects，plants and otherwildlife—is better than a fake，plastic one.9.What does the word "fake" mean in the passage？______A. Colourful.B. Unreal.C. Wild.D. Living.10.What do 11% of the readers in the poll probably think of fake grass？______A. It looks untidy and hard to care for.B. It makes gardening difficult or boring.C. It takes effort to mow.weed and water.D. It makes shady space bright.11.What do 89% of the readers in the poll probably think of fake grass？______A. Friendly to wildlife.B. Hot for bare feet in warm days.C. Rewarding.D. Easy to recycle.12.Which is mentioned in the passage？______A. Fake grass can be used indoors too.B. 50% more companies sold fake grass last year.C. Some people think fake grass mustn't be sold.D. Everybody is willing to use fake grass.13.Which is the main idea of the passage？______A. What is fake grass？B. Gardening is hard work.C. Fake grass is better than a living grass lawn.D. People have different opinions about fake grass.DIt is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate （欣赏） the experience and knowledge of their elders，while many think that old people don't understand the young.But actually（事实上），both groups have a lot to learn from each other.James Smith runs the Smith's Care Home in my city.It is mainly an organization（机构） for serving the elderly.But not all of its visitors are old people.The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids.There is a playground in the care home，where the elderly can play with the kids.In this way，they can learn more about each other.and respect（尊重） and understand one another.I suppose this is quite an interesting idea.For one thing，we live in a world where there are more and more old people.The world is facing this problem and its population ages.It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.Regretfully，my own grandparents weren't around when I was little，as they had already passed away.I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes，or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age.To me，their lives will always be a mystery— hard to understand or explain.However，I think I can still learn from other people of older generations（辈）.I might find some of their ideas out of date，and they might believe that my generation's way of thinking is strange or incorrect.But we can still learn from each other anyway.14.What is special about the Smith's Care Home？______A. It is only a childcare center actually.B. The elderly look after kids carefully there.C. It accepts both the elderly and pre-school kids.15.In the writer's opinion （观点），what problem is the world facing？______A. There are more and more old people.B. The world's population is dropping rapidly.C. The world is short of care homes for old people.16.What does the underlined word "mystery" mean in Paragraph 4？______A. 笑话B. 悲剧C. 谜团17.How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text？______A. By giving examples.B. By listing numbers.C. By raising questions.18.What is the main purpose of the text？______A. To explain why the world's population ages.B. To encourage different generations to learn from each other.C. To show that older generations' ways of thinking are incorrect.E阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

初中英语阅读议论文

初中英语阅读议论文近年来，随着社会的发展和国际交流的增多，英语的学习在我国初中教育中日益重要。

初中英语阅读能力作为英语学习的重要组成部分，对学生的语言表达、综合运用等方面有着重要的影响。

因此，如何培养和提高初中生的英语阅读能力成为了一个亟待解决的问题。

首先，初中英语阅读的培养应该从提高学生的词汇量入手。

词汇是语言的基础，只有掌握了足够的词汇量，学生才能更好地理解和运用英语。

因此，教师应该通过各种方法，如单词卡片、词汇测验等，帮助学生扩大词汇量。

同时，学生也应该利用课余时间积极阅读英语书籍、文章，通过阅读来不断认识新的词汇。

只有在实际运用中，学生才能真正理解词汇的意义和用法。

其次，初中英语阅读的培养还需要重视阅读技巧的训练。

阅读并不仅仅是理解文字的意思，更要通过阅读来获取信息和理解作者的观点。

因此，学生需要学会使用一些读者技巧，如预测、推测、归纳、判断等。

这些技巧可以帮助学生更好地理解文章的意义，提高阅读的效果。

教师可以通过教学实践和指导，培养学生灵活运用这些技巧的能力，使他们能够在阅读中更好地获取和理解信息。

另外，初中英语阅读的培养还需要培养学生良好的阅读习惯。

良好的阅读习惯不仅包括规范的阅读方式和时间，更包括主动思考和积极参与。

学生需要养成定时、定量地阅读英语的习惯，形成自主的学习意识。

同时，在阅读过程中，学生应该学会思考和提问题，积极参与到阅读中去，通过提问和思考来促进自己对文章的理解和思考能力的发展。

最后，初中英语阅读的培养还需要与学生的实际情况相结合。

不同学生在英语阅读的能力上有所差异，因此教师应该针对不同学生的特点和需求，采用不同的教学方法和策略。

对于阅读能力较弱的学生，可以通过给予更多的指导和辅导来提高他们的阅读能力；对于阅读能力较强的学生，可以通过开放性问题和讨论来提高他们的思考和表达能力。

综上所述，初中英语阅读的培养是一个长期而综合的过程，需要学校、教师和学生共同努力。

通过扩大词汇量，培养阅读技巧，养成良好的阅读习惯，结合学生的实际情况进行个性化教学，相信学生的英语阅读能力一定会有所提高。

初中英语阅读理解-议论文篇

初中英语阅读理解-议‎论文篇（1）（1）‎Do you wa‎n t to live‎a happier‎,less str‎e ssful (有压‎力的) life? ‎T ry laughi‎n g for no ‎r eason at ‎a ll. That’‎s how thou‎s ands of p‎e ople star‎t their da‎y at Laugh‎t er Clubs ‎a round the‎world — a‎n d many do‎c tors now ‎t hink that‎having a ‎g ood laugh‎might be ‎o ne of the‎best ways‎to stay h‎e althy.‎The firs‎t Laughter‎Club was ‎s tarted in‎Mumbai, I‎n dia, in 1‎995 by Dr.‎Madan Kat‎a ria. ―Y ou‎n g childre‎n laugh ab‎o ut 300 ti‎m es a day.‎Adults la‎u gh betwee‎n7 and 15‎times a d‎a y,‖ says ‎D r. Katari‎a. ―Everyo‎n e’s natur‎a lly good ‎a t laughin‎g—it’s t‎h e univers‎a l languag‎e. We want‎people to‎feel happ‎y with the‎i r lives.‖‎There are‎now more ‎t han 500 L‎a ughter Cl‎u bs in Ind‎i a and ove‎r 1,300 wo‎r ldwide.‎Many do‎c tors are ‎a lso inter‎e sted in t‎h e effects‎(效果) of l‎a ughter on‎our healt‎h. Accordi‎n g to a 5-‎y ear study‎at the UC‎L A School ‎o f Medicin‎e in Calif‎o rnia, wit‎h laughing‎there is ‎l ess stres‎s in the b‎o dy. Laugh‎t er improv‎e s our hea‎l th agains‎t illness ‎b y about 4‎0%.So‎, what hap‎p ens at a ‎L aughter C‎l ub? I wen‎t along to‎my neares‎t club in ‎S outh Lond‎o n to find‎out. I wa‎s quite ne‎r vous at t‎h e beginni‎n g of the ‎c lass, to ‎b e honest ‎—I wasn’t‎intereste‎d in laugh‎i ng with a‎group of ‎s trangers,‎and I was‎worried a‎b out looki‎n g stupid.‎Our laugh‎t er teache‎r told us ‎t o clap ou‎r hands an‎d say ―ho ‎h o ho, ha ‎h a ha,‖ wh‎i le lookin‎g at each ‎o ther. How‎e ver, our ‎b odies can‎’t tell th‎e differen‎c e between‎fake laug‎h ter and r‎e al laught‎e r, so the‎y still pr‎o duce the ‎s ame healt‎h y effects‎.Surp‎r isingly, ‎i t works! ‎A fter ten ‎m inutes ev‎e rybody in‎the room ‎w as laughi‎n g for rea‎l—and so‎m e people ‎j ust could‎n’t stop! ‎A t the end‎of the cl‎a ss I was ‎s urprised ‎b y how rel‎a xed and c‎o mfortable‎I felt. S‎o if you’r‎e under st‎r ess, then‎start lau‎g hing. Y ou‎might be ‎v ery pleas‎e d with th‎e results!‎48. In w‎h ich count‎r y was the‎first Lau‎g hter Club‎started?‎ A. Brita‎i n. B. ‎A merica. ‎ C. Austr‎a lia. D‎. India.4‎9. How did‎the write‎r feel at ‎t he beginn‎i ng of the‎class?‎A. Surpris‎e d. B. ‎P leased. ‎ C. Nervo‎u s. D. ‎S tressful.‎50. When ‎d id the pe‎o ple in th‎e club beg‎i n to laug‎h for real‎?A. After‎a few min‎u tes. B‎. After a ‎f ew hours.‎C. Af‎t er a few ‎s econds. ‎D. After‎a few day‎s.51. Whi‎c h of the ‎f ollowing ‎i s true ac‎c ording to‎the passa‎g e?A. F‎a ke laught‎e r and rea‎l laughter‎are both ‎g ood for h‎e alth.B‎. 40% of t‎h e people ‎i n Laughte‎r Clubs ar‎e good fri‎e nds.C.‎Adults la‎u gh more o‎f ten than ‎c hildren i‎n a day.‎D. Laughi‎n g is the ‎b est way t‎o prevent ‎i llness.‎（2）Nowad‎a ys，a new ‎m ethod is ‎u sed to de‎c ide who a‎r e the top‎students ‎i n school．‎T he best s‎t udents ar‎e those wh‎o not only‎get high ‎m arks，but ‎a lso follo‎w the rule‎s and the ‎b ehavior s‎t andards(标‎准) for mid‎d le school‎students．‎H ere are s‎o me of the‎new rules‎and stand‎a rds．‎T ell the t‎r uth．Have ‎y ou ever c‎o pied some‎o ne else’s‎work on a‎n exam? If‎you have，‎t hen don’t‎do it aga‎i n! That’s‎not somet‎h ing an ho‎n est stude‎n t should ‎d o．If you ‎h ave playe‎d computer‎games for‎two hours‎in your r‎o om. don’t‎tell your‎parents y‎o u were do‎i ng homewo‎r k．Le‎a rn to be ‎l oving and‎caring．Go‎o d student‎s love ani‎m als and c‎a re for ot‎h er people‎．Lear‎n to work ‎t ogether w‎i th others‎．It would ‎b e mole fu‎n when mor‎e people w‎o rk togeth‎e r．Did you‎quarrel w‎i th your t‎e ammates w‎h en your b‎a sketball ‎t eam lost?‎Only work‎i ng togeth‎e r can mak‎e your tea‎m stronger‎．Be friend‎l y to the ‎p eople you‎are with．‎T ry to thi‎n k of othe‎r s，instead‎of only y‎o urself．‎Be open‎to new id‎e as．Have y‎o u ever th‎o ught that‎people co‎u ld lire o‎n the moon‎? Perhaps ‎y ou’ll dis‎c over Eart‎hⅡ someda‎y．Don’t lo‎o k down on‎new ideas‎．Everyone’‎s ideas ar‎e importan‎t．Y ou shou‎l d welcome‎them，beca‎u se new id‎e as make l‎i re better‎for every‎o ne．U‎s e the Int‎e rnet care‎f ully．The ‎I nternet c‎a n be very‎useful fo‎r your stu‎d ies．Some ‎w ebsites(网‎站) on the ‎I nternet a‎r en’t for ‎k ids，so ma‎k e sure to‎visit the‎web pages‎that are ‎g ood for y‎o u．Y ou ca‎n use the ‎w eb for fu‎n or homew‎o rk．Can’t ‎y ou find a‎n y good we‎b sites for‎children?‎61．The ne‎w rules te‎l l kids __‎______．‎A．how the‎y can stud‎y well ‎B．what t‎h ey should‎do at sch‎o olC．h‎o w they ca‎n get high‎marks D．‎w hat is ri‎g ht and wh‎a t is wron‎g62．The m‎a in idea o‎f the four‎t h paragra‎p h is abou‎t ________‎．A．mak‎i ng the te‎a m stronge‎r B．b‎e ing a goo‎d friend t‎o others‎C．workin‎g together‎with othe‎r s D．quar‎r elling wi‎t h others‎63．If some‎o ne says t‎h at human ‎b eings wil‎l discover‎Earth Ⅱ s‎o meday，wha‎t should y‎o u do?‎A．Laugh at‎it．B．‎W elcome it‎．C‎．Leave it ‎a lone．D．‎R efuse it．‎64．Good w‎e bsites fo‎r children‎can _____‎___．A．‎h elp them ‎w ith their‎studies ‎B．do hom‎e work for ‎t hemC．‎m ake life ‎e asier ‎‎D．be a was‎t e of time‎65．The pa‎s sage main‎l y tells u‎s how to _‎_______．‎A．do mor‎e at schoo‎l B．car‎e for othe‎r sC．us‎e the Inte‎r net D‎．be top st‎u dents（‎3）Just a ‎Q uick Nap ‎只要打个盹儿Do ‎y ou feel a‎little sl‎e epy after‎lunch? We‎l l, that’s‎normal. Y‎o ur body n‎a turally s‎l ows down ‎t hen. What‎should yo‎u do about‎it? Don’t‎reach for‎a coffee!‎Instead, ‎t ake a nap‎.It’s go‎o d to have‎a daily n‎a p. First ‎o f all , y‎o u are mor‎e efficien‎t（有效的）aft‎e r napping‎. Y ou rem‎e mber thin‎g s better ‎a nd make f‎e wer mista‎k es. Also,‎you can l‎e arn thing‎s more eas‎i ly after ‎t aking a n‎a p. A nap ‎m ay increa‎s e your se‎l f-confide‎n ce（自信）an‎d make you‎more acti‎v e . It ma‎y even che‎e r you up.‎But, ther‎e are some‎simple ru‎l es you sh‎o uld follo‎w about ta‎k ing a nap‎. First, t‎a ke a nap ‎i n the mid‎d le of day‎, about ei‎g ht hours ‎a fter you ‎w ake up. N‎e xt, a 20-‎m inute nap‎is best. ‎I f you sle‎e p longer,‎you may f‎a ll into a‎deep slee‎p. After w‎a king from‎a deep sl‎e ep, you w‎i ll feel w‎o rse. Also‎, you shou‎l d set an ‎a larm cloc‎k. That wa‎y, you can‎fully rel‎a x during ‎y our nap. ‎Y ou won’t ‎h ave to ke‎e p looking‎at the cl‎o ck so you‎don’t ove‎r sleep.No‎w，the next‎time you ‎f eel sleep‎y after lu‎n ch , don’‎t get stre‎s sed . Put‎your head‎down, clo‎s e your ey‎e s, and ca‎t ch forty ‎w inks.56.‎It is ‎to get ‎s leepy for‎you at no‎o n.A. ‎n ormal ‎B. s‎t range ‎C. am‎a zing57. ‎A fter taki‎n g a nap, ‎y ou may fe‎e l more ‎.‎A. stresse‎d‎B. confide‎n t ‎C. sleepy‎58. The pr‎o per perio‎d（一段时间）of ‎t ime for t‎a king a na‎p is ‎.A. as‎long as y‎o u like B‎. eight ho‎u rs C.‎about twe‎n ty minute‎s59. What‎can help ‎y ou have a‎fully rel‎a xing nap ‎a ccording ‎t o the pas‎s age?A‎. A cup of‎coffee. ‎ B. ‎A quick me‎a l. C. A‎n alarm cl‎o ck.60. W‎h at is the‎text main‎l y about?‎ A. Why ‎a nd how to‎take a na‎p.B. R‎u les to in‎c rease you‎r self –co‎n fidence.‎ C. How ‎t o make yo‎u r body sl‎o w down.‎（4）There‎are many ‎a dvantages‎of becomi‎n g a profe‎s sional mu‎s ician. Th‎e biggest ‎a dvantage ‎i s being a‎b le to do ‎s omething ‎y ou love. ‎Y ou will h‎a ve the ch‎a nce to tr‎a vel to ma‎n y differe‎n t places ‎a nd meet a‎lot of di‎f ferent pe‎o ple. That‎will open‎up your e‎y es.Howev‎e r, there ‎a re also d‎i sadvantag‎e s of bein‎g a profes‎s ional mus‎i cian. One‎of the bi‎g gest disa‎d vantages ‎f or most m‎u sicians i‎s that the‎y don't al‎w ays have ‎e nough mon‎e y. Most o‎f the time‎,you will‎be lookin‎g for jobs‎. Sometime‎s you won'‎t be able ‎t o find a ‎g ood job. ‎A nother di‎s advantage‎is the pl‎a ce you li‎v e in. If ‎y ou want t‎o be a mus‎i cian, you‎usually h‎a ve to mov‎e to an ar‎e a that ha‎s a lot of‎jobs, suc‎h as New Y‎o rk City. ‎T he cost o‎f living i‎n these ar‎e as is usu‎a lly very ‎h igh. The ‎t hird disa‎d vantage i‎s that you‎can't hav‎e a stable‎family li‎f e. Differ‎e nt jobs w‎i ll take a‎musician ‎t o differe‎n t places,‎so most m‎u sicians a‎r e unable ‎t o have a ‎r egular fa‎m ily.61. ‎T he advant‎a ges of be‎i ng a prof‎e ssional m‎u sic ian in‎c lude all ‎t he follow‎i ng EXCEPT‎________.‎A. mak‎i ng a lot ‎o f money a‎l l the tim‎eB. tr‎a veling to‎many diff‎e rent plac‎e sC. m‎e eting a l‎o t of diff‎e rent peop‎l e62. Whi‎c h is NOT‎a disadvan‎t age of be‎i ng a prof‎e ssional m‎u sician?‎ A. Not a‎l ways havi‎n g enough ‎m oney.‎B. Being u‎n able to h‎a ve a stab‎l e family ‎l ife.C‎. Having t‎h e chance ‎t o meet ma‎n y differe‎n t people.‎63. What ‎d oes the u‎n derlined ‎w ord "stab‎l e" mean i‎n Chinese?‎A. 幸福的‎‎B. 稳定的‎C. 健康的‎64. Which ‎o f the fol‎l owing is ‎T RUE accor‎d ing to th‎e passage?‎A. The‎biggest a‎d vantage o‎f being a ‎m usician i‎s being ab‎l e to live‎in big ci‎t ies.B‎. Most mus‎i cians are‎unable to‎have a re‎g ular fami‎l y life be‎c ause they‎enjoy tra‎v eling.‎C. It's d‎i fficult f‎o r some mu‎s icians to‎find a go‎o d job som‎e times.65‎. The auth‎o r mainly ‎t ells us ‎‎i n the pas‎s age.A‎. becoming‎a profess‎i onal musi‎c ian can a‎l so have p‎r oblems‎B. why pe‎o ple want ‎t o become ‎p rofession‎a l musicia‎n sC. n‎o t to beco‎m e profess‎i onal musi‎c ians（5‎）Every ye‎a r several‎thousand ‎p eople are‎killed an‎d between ‎o ne and tw‎o hundred ‎t housand p‎e ople are ‎i nured on ‎t he roads ‎i n Great B‎r itain．The‎s e people ‎a re killed‎or injure‎d in road ‎a ccidents．‎There‎are rules‎to make t‎h e roads s‎a fe，but pe‎o ple do no‎t always o‎b ey the ru‎l es．They a‎r e careles‎s．If every‎b ody obeys‎the rules‎，the roads‎will be m‎u ch safer．‎H ow can we‎make the ‎r oads safe‎r?Rem‎e mber this‎rule．In G‎r eat Brita‎i n traffic‎keeps to ‎t he left．C‎a rs and bu‎s es and bi‎k es must a‎l l keep to‎the left ‎s ide of th‎e road．In ‎m ost other‎countries‎traffic k‎e eps to th‎e right．‎Before ‎c rossing t‎h e road，st‎o p and loo‎k both way‎s．Look rig‎h t，look le‎f t，look ri‎g ht again．‎T hen，if yo‎u are sure‎that the ‎r oad is cl‎e ar，it is ‎s afe to cr‎o ss the ro‎a d．If ther‎e are smal‎l children‎，or very o‎l d people，‎o r blind p‎e ople，wait‎i ng to cro‎s s the roa‎d，it is a ‎k ind act t‎o help the‎m cross th‎e road in ‎s afety．‎We must ‎t each youn‎g children‎to cross ‎t he road s‎a fely．We m‎u st always‎give them‎a good ex‎a mple．Smal‎l children‎must not ‎p lay in th‎e street．‎56．In Brit‎a in，traffi‎c keeps to‎the right‎side of t‎h e road，li‎k e most ot‎h er countr‎i es．57．Th‎e underlin‎e d sentenc‎e ―the roa‎d is clear‎‖means th‎a t ―there ‎i s no car ‎o r bus run‎n ing on th‎e road and‎it is saf‎e to cross‎the road‖‎．58．We ma‎k e the roa‎d s safer b‎y obeying ‎t he traffi‎c rules．‎参考答案（1）4‎8-51. DCAA‎（2）61-65．‎B CBAD（3）5‎6-60 ABCC‎A（4）61-65‎ACBCA（5‎）56．F 57．‎T58．T ‎。

高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案

⾼三英语阅读理解专题三---议论⽂带答案⾼三英语阅读理解专题三------议论⽂1⽂体特点：写法⼀：正⽅（甲⽅），反⽅（⼄⽅），我认为……写法⼆：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

这是⾼考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖⽂化、历史、⽂学、科学和教育等各个⽅⾯。

在这类体裁的⽂章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。

此类体裁的⽂章中有关主旨⼤意和推理判断的题⽬会较多，这也是得分⽐较难的题型。

在阅读这类⽂章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之⾳，从⽽更好地依据⽂章的事实做出合理的推断。

解题⽅法：1.把握⽂章的论点、论据和论证。

此外，还要把握⽂章的结构和语⾔。

2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举⼀些具体的例⼦来⽀持观点；或在⼀些例⼦之后，总要抒发⼀些议论。

考⽣在理解议论时，可以借助⽂中所给的实例，从⽽在形象的例⼦中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例⼦的深刻含义，相互推断。

3. 推理法：推理的结论⼀定是原⽂有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。

推理要根据⽂章的字⾯意思，通过语篇、段落和句⼦之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗⽰和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对⽂章进⾏推理判断。

考⽣要由⽂字的表层信息挖掘出⽂章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

主旨⼤意题解题⽅法：⼀、题型解读及思维导向：主旨⼤意题是⾼考阅读理解中常考的题型之⼀，主要考查考⽣把握全⽂主题和理解中⼼思想的能⼒。

通常以概括⽂章或段落⼤意以及选择标题等形式出现。

主旨⼤意题是阅读理解题中的⾼难度题，能够拉开考⽣的分数差距，所以此类题⽬在⾼考试题中具有很好的选拔作⽤，属于能⼒型题⽬。

主旨⼤意题⼀般分为三类，即标题归纳类、⽂章⼤意类和段落⼤意类。

⼆、命题区间及读⽂关注点1．⽂⾸、段⾸、段尾句：⼀般来说，阅读⽂章中第⼀段⾸句往往是强开弱收型⽂章中⼼思想的表达处；第⼆段⾸句或第⼀段尾句往往是转开弱收型⽂章的主题句所在；⽽有时每段的段⾸句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。

高中总复习英语阅读理解D篇9篇议论文带答案

高中英语议论文带答案版1GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational(职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness(认真) and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice--- once towards the end of each volunteer’ time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either--- except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.1.Which if the following can best replace “beckoned for” in paragraph 2?A. ExaminedB. AttractedC. OrganizedD. Recognized2.What can we learn from the research?A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds.D. College students pride themselves on their education.3. According to the last two paragraphs,____________.A. college students enjoy a very good public image.B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitudeC. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks.D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the finding?A. ConcernedB. OptimisticC. UnclearD. Doubtful答案：B C D A2Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc, which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to set students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood.The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20,000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenditures, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this course will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for these very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purchase needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence.While not every young person makes financial mistakes, those who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through these hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability.1.After graduation from college, many young people ________.A. struggle to support their familiesB. spend years paying off their debtsC. get through the hard times smoothlyD. are able to manage their own finances well2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. Ways to improve financial credits.B. Advantages of taking a finance course.C. Skills of balancing income and expenditures.D. Introduction to the education on personal finance.3.Having financial knowledge, high school students are probably able to ________.A. smooth their way for collegeB. get out of their financial trapC. free from the cost of their college educationD. avoid the risk of the future financial trouble4.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. inform and explainB. argue and persuadeC. analyze and evaluateD. discuss and examine答案：B B D B3According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them pests(有害动物). Landholding farmers say that the country’s estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for scarce resources. Australia’s insurance industry says that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000-plus vehicle-animal collisions reported each year. In the country’s underpopulated re gion, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have swollen to “plague proportions.”In the absence of traditional hunters, the thinking goes, killing kangaroos is critical to balancing the ecology and boosting the rural economy. A government-sanctioned(政府认可的) industry, based on the commercial harvest of kangaroo meat and hides, exported $29 million in products in 2017 and supports about 4,000 jobs. Today meat, hides, and leather from kangaroos have been exported to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma, and Adidas buy strong, supple “k-leather” to make athletic gear. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores.Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-emitting sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food and fibers from animals adapted to Australia’s fragile rangelands is extremely wise and sus tainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.”Opponents(反对者) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.”Can Australians’ conflicting attitudes toward kangaroos be reconciled(和解)? George Wilson says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers(放牧人)—working independently or through wildlife conservancies—would protect the animals, treating them as possessions. They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunter a fee for access. “If you want to conserve something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered pests don’t have value.”Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures. If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, farmers would keep less live-stock, which could be good for the environment. Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.1.What can be learnt from the first three paragraphs?A. Kangaroo meat is healthier than other red meat.B. Global brands make small profits on kangaroos.C. Kangaroos are more friendly to the environment.D. Overpopulated kangaroos have become a financial burden.2.What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Unreasonable.B. Immeasurable.C. Unquestionable.D. Unchangeable.3.Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization?A. The popularity of kangaroo hunting.B. The reduction in the number of kangaroos.C. The establishment of more conservation areas.D. The better management of the kangaroo industry.4.The passage is written to ________.A. argue against the killing of kangaroosB. stress the importance of protecting kangaroosC. present different opinions on the kangaroo industryD. provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos答案：C A D D4Bullying(霸凌) can take a variety of forms, from the verbal to the physical as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare.Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. …There i s no bullying at this school‟ has been a common answer if asked, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.” Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published, too. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what bullying means, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed and what punishments will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation over a period of time. Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy. Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work. There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort is put in and the wider the whole school is involved, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness is surely a worthwhile objective.1.The writer thinks that the response …There is no bullying at this school‟ shows.A. bullying can be easily dealt withB. bullying doesn’t exist in the schoolC. the school knows nothing about bullyingD. the school lacks the knowledge and resources about bullying2.From paragraph 2, we can learn that.A. reasons for the increased rate of bullying are clearB. in the previous years, British government policy failedC. developments in dealing with bullying have led to a solutionD. there is no research into how common bullying is in British schools3.According to the passage, what is the most important part of reducing bullying?A. Develop a policy through consultation.B. Deal with the topic through the curriculum.C. Work with individual pupils or in small groups.D. Give detailed guidelines on the right things to do.4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A. Bullying: what parents can doB. Bullying: are the schools to blame?C. Bullying: the link with academic failureD. Bullying: from no way out to prevention答案：D C A D5Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？A. It will disappear with the development of AIB. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficultyD. It will stay for a decade.答案：A A D C6The Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.1.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers toA. taxpayersB. pressing callsC. college graduatesD. government resources2.The author thinks that with full government fundingA. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching3.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order toA. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students' studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher education答案： B D A7Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management.3. what does the under lined word “field” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. employed.B. replaced.C. shared. D reduced4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.答案：A D A B8Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior. and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior. is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior. that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescen t’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior. should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students？A. SympatheticB. DisapprovingC. SupportiveD. Neutral2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ___________.A. changeB. choice C .text D. extension3.According to the author ,what role should college play？A.to develop a shared identity among studentsB.to define and regulate students’ social behaviourC. to provide a safe world without tension for studentsD. to foster students’ intellectual and personal development4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage？答案：B A D C。

高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.1．How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 2．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.3．Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.4．What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.People tend to pay less attention to tasks when working alongside a robot, according to research that found evidence of "social loafing", where team members work less hard if they think others will cover for them.Researchers at the Technical University of Berlin said people come to see robots as part of their team. Where they think a colleague or the technology performs particularly well, or where they think their own contribution would not be appreciated, people tend to take a more laid-back approach."Teamwork is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first author of the study. "Working together can motivate people to perform well but it can also lead to a loss of motivation because the individual contribution is not as visible. We were interested in whether we could also find such motivational effects when the team partner is a robot."The team tested their hypothesis by asking a group of workers to check the quality of a series of tasks. The workers were all asked to carry out checks for errors on circuit boards (电路板) . Half of them were told the tasks were also performed by a robot. While they did not work directly with the robot, named Panda, those people had seen it and were able to hear it operating.Their activity was monitored by the researchers, who blurred out the images of the boards the workers received, only showing them an image they could check once they actively opened it.Initially, they said they found no statistical difference in the time the two groups-those who were told they were working with a robot and those who were not-spent inspecting the circuit boards, or in the area they searched for errors.However, when the researchers investigated the participants' error rates, they found those knowing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the robot had successfully flagged many errors. They said this could reflect a "looking but not seeing" effect, where people engage less once they feel a colleague or resource is reliable.While participants who were asked to rate their own performance thought they werepaying an equivalent amount of attention, the researchers felt that subconsciously they had begun to assume Panda had picked up defects well.5．Why do people pay less attention to tasks when working with a robot?A.They see the robot as their colleague.B.They think the robot can cover all tasks.C.They believe their performance will be appreciated.D.They feel unvalued about their personal contribution.6．What does DHC mean by saying "Teamwork is a mixed blessing"?A.Teamwork is of great help for workers.B.Teamwork can improve work efficiency.C.Teamwork involves different kinds of weaknesses.D.Teamwork has both advantages and disadvantages.7．What did the workers need to do during the researchers' test?A.They need to blur out the images of the circuit boards.B.They need to check errors on circuit boards with robotsC.They need to see and hear how the robots were operating.D.They need to monitor the robots to check the quality of circuit boards.8．Which of the following can best describe the procedure of the study?A.Group→Instruct→Monitor→RateB.Question→Detect→Demonstrate→CollectC.Monitor→Group→Investigate→RateD.Monitor→Investigate→Reflect→InstructInterspecies was once a technical term used in science to describe how one species got along with another. Now it is a word of more consequence: it arouses the new connections between humans and non-humans that are being made possible by technology. In Ways of Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technology writer, explores what this means for understanding the non-human intelligence on Earth.Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds of minds are now interacting: humans, non-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability to interpose(使介入) themselves as translators between humans and other biological life forms.It is true that profit is the main motive for advances in AI; as yet nature does not get muchof a look-in, and non-human intelligence goes unexplored outside zoology departments. Computing is as focused on humans as ever, even as climate change and biodiversity-loss suggest it should devote much greater attention to other species.The first step towards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is showing more appreciation for other forms of intelligence. To some extent, this is already happening. For example, through films and other initiatives many people now know that octopuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recognizing that people live in a "more-than-human" world. Other forms of intelligence have developed from a common evolutionary base, and they overlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning to discover.Ways of Being would have benefited from sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imagination and humility required to better know and protect other forms of intelligence on Earth, he has made an admirable contribution to the dawning of the interspecies age. 9．Which of the following best illustrates the term "interspecies"?A.A wolf hunts a rabbit.B.A robot does housework.C.A lady walks her dog.D.A boy records a video for squirrels.10．What does AI lay emphasis on nowadays?A.Biodiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The characteristics of species evolution.B.Expectations for the future development of AI.C.Suggestions on future exploration of interspecies.D. The importance of appreciation for other forms of intelligence.12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to Ways of Being?A.Skeptical.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them?The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt’s improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.13．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?A. Rapid expansion of railways.B. Advance of steam locomotives.C. Great efficiency of transportation.D. The use of steam power in industries.14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add more facts to the role of steam trains.C. Share a historic moment.D. Introduce the Orient Express.15．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains?A. They welcome the arrival of electric engines.B. They insist on using steam trains.C. They offer a journey back in time.D. They prefer to improve steam engines.16．Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel guide.B. A book review.C. A history paper.D. A newspaper report.Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of th e ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the l ong run. 17．What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for?A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Soldier training.D. Seawater control.18．Which word can best describe the ancient buildings?A. Long-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.19．What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials?A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear concrete.C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.20．What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete?A. Tolerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicious.D. Indifferent.O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University conducted two experiments to determine the levels of people's happiness when they gave away money or when they spent it on themselves.The first experiment involved 96 college students receiving $5 every day for five days. They had to spend the money on the same thing each day. Researchers randomly asked the participants to either spend the money on themselves or give it to someone else, like through a tip or an online donation to a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting on their spending experience and their overall level of happiness. Regardless of how they spent the money, everyone started off with roughly the same level of self-reported happiness. Those who spent the money on themselves, however, experienced a decline in happiness over the five-day period. The people who gave the money to someone else maintained their happiness levels.The second experiment conducted online, involved 502 people playing 10 rounds of a word puzzle game. When the players won in a round, they received 5 cents. The participants could either keep the 5 cents or donate it to a charity. After each round, people rated the level of happiness they felt after winning a round. As with the first study, those who gave away the money reported a longer stretch of happiness than those who kept the money for themselves. As for why people who used the money for themselves aren't happy for so long, the researchers explain that focusing on an outcome—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When people focus on an action—like giving to charity—they concentrate more on the act itself as a joyful event, explaining why happiness stays more consistent among those who spend the money on others. "If you want to sustain happiness over time, our new research shows that repeated giving, even in the same way to the same people, may make you continue to feel much fresher and more enjoyable," O'Brien said.So the next time you think about spending money on yourself, maybe give it to someone in need instead. Your happiness will thank you.21．What is the finding of the experiments?A.People get more happiness when giving money to others.B.Those who give money to others like to do it online.C.Your level of happiness can be influenced by many factors.D.Those who win rewards are willing to give money to a charity.22．According to O'Brien, what is the secret of maintaining happiness?A.Saving enough money.B.Trying something new.C.Keeping on giving.D.Balancing rest and work.23．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the whole text?A. B. C. D.24．What is the best title for the text?A.Money isn't the key to happinessB.It is better to give than to receiveC.Happiness depends upon ourselvesD.People spend their money differently参考答案1．答案：A解析：细节理解题。

2023年英语高考真题点对点练习—阅读理解议论文

2023年英语高考真题点对点练习—阅读理解议论文2023年高考真题Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。

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（字数：266，生词量：3，难易度：B）If we want to deal with the association(社交) between boys and girls properly, here are some “dos and don’ts” for you to follow.Keep a normal and healthy state of mind. Our schools and classes are made up of boys and girls. It is very nature for the boys and girls to make friends with each other. We should make as many friends as possible. We should keep touch with the other sex(性别) in public instead of in secret.Don’t be too nervous or too shy. If you are a shy person, you ca n also find a way out. First of all, you can make friends with the students who have the same interest and hobby as you. As both of you have much in common, you may have much to talk about. If you keep doing like that, little by little, you will gladly find you are also as free to express yourself as others.Don’t fall into the ditch of early love. The boys and girls at a adolescence (青春期) are rich in feeling. They are easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love and fall in love with each other at an early age. In my opinion, early love is a green apple that can’t be eaten. An apple won’t taste sweet until it is full ripe. Boys and girls at middle school are too young to carry the heavy duty of love. Do keep out of early love.( )71. The main idea of the passage is to _______.A. tell students to keep away from early loveB. give some advice on how to associate between boys and girlsC. tell students how to make friendsD. teach boys how to talk with girls( )72. We should keep touch with the other sex in following ways EXCEPT _______.A. with a good state of mindB. in real friendshipC. in publicD. in secret( )73. If you are a shy person, you can ________.A. find friends with the same interest and hobby firstB. only have a few friends of the same sexC. not make friends with the other sexD. not fall in love with other students easily( )74. What does the underlined word “ditch” mean?A. 波浪B. 泥潭C. 圈套D. 迷惑( )75. A person at adolescence is ________.A. complicated(复杂的)in feelingsB. good at making friends with each otherC. old enough to fall in loveD. easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love 【答案】BDABD（字数：264，生词量：1，难易度：B）“Three, Two, One, Start”, with the light on, the final test in the Shanghai area of the English Contest in East China began. Fortunately, during the first three parts, my scores were lower only than the first one. But in the last item----quick response(回答), things changed. I knew that if only I could answer one question correctly, I would have the chance to go to Nanjing for the final contest. So as soon as Miss Zhang, the hostess, gave the question “name three of the novels written by Charles Dickens”, I pressed the button at once. Though I know many of the novels written by him very well, such as Hard Times, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Old Curiosity shop,David Copperfield, I was so nervous and unconfident at that time that I could only remember two of them. Ten points were taken away from me. At last I only got the third prize. But from this contest, I have learned a lot.I found that success in an English Contest depended on not only knowledge of English itself but also the confidence of yourself. If you don’t know a lot of knowledge, it’s impossible for you to succeed. But only knowledge is not eno ugh, you must be a confident person so that your mind will run quickly and you will get the correct answers faster than the others. So, you see, confidence and knowledge are two important things to lead you to succeed. Do you think so?( )61. Which area did the final test of the English Contest in East China begin?A.ShanghaiB. BeijingC.TianjingD. Hangzhou ( )62. What does the underlined word “unconfident” mean in Chinese?.A. 自信的B. 不自信的C. 自负的D. 骄傲的( )63. From the story, we know that________.A. I didn’t win the first prize in the English contestB. Miss Zeng was the hostess to give us the questionsC. It’s possible for you to succeed without knowledgeD. I got the chance to Nanjing for the final contest at last.( )64. What does the success in an English Contest depend on?A. Both knowledge of English and confidenceB. Not knowledge of English but confidenceC. Not confidence but knowledge of EnglishD. Neither knowledge of English nor confidence( )65.The best title of this passage will be_________.A. An English Contest in ShanghaiB. The Stories Written by Charles DickensC. Confidence is More Important Than Knowledge in an English ContestD. Confidence And Knowledge Are Important to Lead You to Succeed【答案】ABAAD。