asif 用法归纳
as if 用法归纳
1．as if 从句的作用?as if一般可由as though来代替。
引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如：
He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。
It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。
引导方式状语从句。如：
I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday. The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
2．as if 从句的语气及时态
①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，
It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk. 从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
②as if从句用虚拟语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，
表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken．
表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如：
He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。
表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如：
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow.? 看来好像要下雪了。
3．as if从句中的省略。如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。
He acts as if (he was) a fool.? 他做事像个傻子。
He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass.
The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.?女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
词汇学习
1. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
smelly : smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)
扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood---- mud---- sun----- cloud---- rain----
wind--- taste---- dream---- ice---- greed----
fat---- fog----- health→ wealth → 4. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
think of想起，考虑
think little of 不重视，忽视think nothing of 认为没什么
think badly/poorly /ill of 对……看法不好，评价很低
think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of 对……重视/高度评价
5. It seemed as if the world was at an end.
. at an end= finished 结束，终结（作表语）
★We were very happy when the work was at an end.
★at the end of“在…尽头；在…末”
★by the end of“到/截止……末”；主句一般用完成时
★in the end意思“最后、终于”= at last/ finally
1. Wash your hands at the end of_ the experiment.
2. How many English words had you learned by the end of_ last term?
3. He tried various jobs and_in the end_ became a teacher.
7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
lie( lay lain)处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧平放
11.shock n.震惊打击His sudden death was a great shock to his family.
shock vt. 使震惊使震动
People were shocked (shock).我们对这个消息感到震惊。
We were shocked at the news.
The news is shocking(shock)
表示情感的动词excite, surprise, interest, bore, move, shock, disappoint, satisfy,
变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）
短语句型过关
burst into sth. = burst out doing It seemed as if at an end= finished
think well / highly of in ruins It is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that)
all…not … = not all…该句为部分否定
be buried in…= bury oneself in…
不定代词用法总结
不定代词总结 一、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别 一般说来，不定代词some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any： Would you like some cake 吃点蛋糕吗 Why not buy some bread 为什么不买些面包呢 Shall I get some chalk for you 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗 【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法以及区别 不定代词many 和 much 都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与 few(少数)相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)，与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中： Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析：too much；much too； too many 1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如： Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害 You've given me too much.你给我的太多了. We've had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了. 2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如： He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了. It is much too cold.天实在太冷了. 3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如：
初中英语介词用法归纳总结
初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。
it的用法归纳
?Never be afraid of grammar ?Collect some examples; ?Watch them very carefully; ?Find out something in common; ?Try to use the rules ---- practise. it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 1.指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如： I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 “Where is the dog?”“It’s in the bedroom. ”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。 2.指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。 【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It’s me。
3.代替某些代词 代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等。如： “What’s this?”“It’s a new machine. ”“这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗? 二、it 作非人称代词的用法 1.基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如： It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。 2.用于某些句型 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。 It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。 It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”) It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
不定代词用法归纳
不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：
惯用语as well as用法归纳
惯用语as well as用法归纳 作者：mydekt 文章来源：本站原创点击数：25917 更新时间：2011-10-11 热★★★【字体：小大】 惯用语as well as用法归纳 一、分清本义与引申义 1. 用于本义 as well as 用于本义，可视为as…as结构与well的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”，在否定句中可用not so well as代替not as well as。如： He speaks English as well as her. 他说英语说得跟她一样好。 She plays every bit as well as the men. 她打得一点不比男人们差。
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 He sings as well as, if not better than, Mary. 要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。 2. 用于引申义 用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。如： He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。 She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦。 They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country. 他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。 注：有时还可译为“除……之外，还”，与介词：besides, in addition to的用法相似。如：
use用法总结
u s e用法总结 -标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
use的用法简单归纳如下： 1. used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事"，它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意，其否定形式常用used not to或didn't use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didn't或used/usedn't。例如： I used to swim in this river when I was young.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。 They used to be good friends, didn't they他们过去是好朋友，是吗？ 2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事"，它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词；be used可用于多种时态；如强调动作可用get或become替换be。例如： Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。 I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。 3. be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事"，其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式，to是动词不定式符号。例如： Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。 4. be used for...意为"被当做……",其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式。例如： The seal's fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。 5. be of use意为"有用的"，其中use是名词，可用形容词来修饰。例如： The dictionary is of great use to the students.这本字典对学生们很有用。 6. be in use意为"在使用"，其中use也是名词。例如：
-it的用法及强调句型(精心整理)
it的用法及强调句型 it的用法 一、it作指示代词【完成句子】用one，ones，it，that，those填空 (1) — I can't find my watch. —You haven't found ______？If you want to buy a new ______，I suggest you buy ______ made in China. (2) We've got a big cup and two small ______. (3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than ______ of a tiger. (4) The books on the first shelf are easier than ______ on the second shelf. (5) The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs. 【答案】(1) it; one; one (2) ones(3) that (4) those / the ones (5) that / the one 【结论1】 ①指代上文提过的事物时，it指的是同名同物，相当于the＋名词； ②one指的是同名异物，表示单数可数名词相当于a ＋名词；a / an＋形容词＋one等于a / an＋形容词＋名词；复数形式用ones； ③that后面常有后置定语，有特指意义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the＋ 名词； ④复数名词用those，相当于the ones。 【例句观察】— Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it? — It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me. 【结论2】it指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。 【例句观察】It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent. 【结论2】it可用以指代环境或情况。 (6)— What time is it now? — It's half past seven. (7)— It is spring now and it's warm these days. 【结论3】it可用以指代时间、季节、天气或距离。 【注意】it指代时间时，有如下一些句型： (1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that－从句(should do / did, 必须用虚拟语气) 例：① It's time for lunch. ② It's time for us to clean the house. ③ It's time that we should clean the house. ＝It's time that we cleaned the house. (2) It is / has been ＋some time ＋since－从句(从句用一般过去时) It is 10 years since I graduated from college. (3) It / This/That is the first / second time that－从句(必须使用现在完成时)这是某人 第……次做了某事。 It / This/That was the first / second time that－从句(必须使用过去完成时) 例：①It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall. ②This was the first time that I had come late to school. (4) It was ＋时间点＋when －从句 例：It was evening when we got home. ＝It was evening in which we got home. (5) It was / will be ＋some time ＋before －从句 例：①过了5年他们才从北大毕业。 It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University. ②不久，我们就要从我们学校毕业了。 It won't be long before we graduate from our school. 二、it作形式主语 1.代替主语从句 ①It is clear ( obvious，true，possible certain....) that ..... “清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” ②. It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that ... that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well.
不定代词的用法
不定代词用法归纳 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, a ny, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由some, any, no 和every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none 以及由some, an y, no 和every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用eac h，不能用every。如不能说There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, ever ything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和anything, anyone等的区别与some 和any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their： Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they： Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗? 4.anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语，可用any one, every one (分开写)： any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本) every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校) 四、是any not 还是not any 按英语习惯，any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时，它只能出现在否定词之后，而不能在否定词之前： 误：Any one doesn’t know how to do it. 正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。 误：Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
asif用法归纳
as if 用法归纳 1． as if 从句的作用?as if一般可由as though来代替。 引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如： He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。 引导方式状语从句。如： I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday. The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。 2． as if 从句的语气及时态 ①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时， It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk. 从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。 ②as if从句用虚拟语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时， 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如： You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken． 表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用
“had +过去分词”。如： He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。 表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow.? 看来好像要下雪了。 3． as if从句中的省略。如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。 He acts as if (he was) a fool.? 他做事像个傻子。 He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass. The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.?女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。 From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone. 词汇学习 1. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
介词by用法归纳-九年级
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. . 教学过程 一、课堂导入 本堂知识是初中最常见的介词by的一个整理与总结，让学生对这个词的用法有一个系统的认识。页脚.
. . 二、复习预习 复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 页脚.
. . 三、知识讲解 知识点1： by + v.-ing结构是一个重点，该结构意思是“通过……，以……的方式”，后面常接v.-ing形式，表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”，即表示行为的方式或手段。 I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。 Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.先生靠开出租车为生。 页脚.
. . 页脚. 介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。 —How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢？ —I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。 —How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢？ —By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。 知识点2：by 是个常用介词，其他用法还有： 1【考查点】表示位置，意思是“在……旁边”，“靠近……”，有时可与beside互换。 The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。 此时要注意它与介词near有所不同，即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较： He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。
初中英语-不定代词用法详解(最新整理)
不定代词用法详解 不定代词，不明确指代某个特定的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名次和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 英语中的不定代词常常成对出现，如some 和any, all 和both, neither 和either, each 和every, other 和another, much 和many, one 和no, none 和no one, few 和a few，little 和a little，等等。另外，还有由some, any, every, no 与body, one, thing 构成的复合不定代词(somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing)。 1.some 和any some 和any 都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定句，any 一般用于疑问句和否定句。如： I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。 Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗? 【说明】(1) 当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定的回答时，some 也可用于疑问句；any 表示“任何的”之意时，也可用于肯定句。 Can you give me some paper? 你能给我些纸吗？ Why not send that girl some flowers? 为什么不送给那位女孩几束花呢？ You can read any of the books. 你可以看这些书中的任何一本。 (2) some 和any 均不能跟冠词连用。 2.all 和both (1)all 表示全部，表示三者或三者以上的人或物；both 指代两个人或事物，表示两者都。 Copper and silver are both metals. 铜和银都是金属。 Both sides are keen to reach an agreement. 双方都很想达成协议。 She and her husband both like dancing. 她和丈夫都喜欢跳舞。 There are trees on both sides of the street. 街道两旁都有树。 Not all women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜欢Ms 这个词。
As的用法归纳as的用法归纳
As 的用法归纳 as的用法很多，又比较复杂，本文就此作一归纳： 一、作副词，意为“相同地” ，“同样地”。例如： They don'thave as many airplanes. 他们没有同样多的飞机。 二、作连词， 1. 引导时间状语从句 as与when, while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是"当..... 的时候" 。但它们有区别: (1) . when作“当……的时候”解，可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。例 如: John was having his dinner when I saw him. 当我看到约翰的时候，他正在吃饭。 She can write only when the baby is asleep. 只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。 (2) . while 常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生或在从句动作过程中发生。例如: We must strike while the iron is hot. 要趁热打铁。 While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我们正在读书的时候，老师走了进来。 (3) . 但属下列情形时，只用as, 而不用when 或while。 ①用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指“一边……，一边……”。例如: The girl dan ces as she si ngs on the stage那个女孩在舞台边唱歌边跳舞。 He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。 ②表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为“随着…… ”。例如: As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 随着时间的流逝，她变得越来越焦虑。 As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得更 有才智了。 ③表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。例如: I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你开口时，我想到了它。 Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. 恰巧在飞虫撞到她脸上时，她大哭起来。 2. 引导原因状语从句 as，because, si nee都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是“因为，由于”，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as 一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since 常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作“既然” 。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 Since many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect the money at night. 因为许多顾客白天上班,所以毕利只好晚上去收钱。 As she has been ill perhaps she'll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮
插入语用法归纳
插入语用法归纳 插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类: 1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly. This diet, I think, will do good to your health. It won't be raining long, I hope. You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed. 2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too. You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely. Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident. Honestly, I don't need it at the moment. 3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child. By the way, Bob sends his best wishes. On the other hand, I didn't know you were there. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. 4. 分词短语作插入语。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England. Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class. Compared with China, the USA is smaller. 5. 不定式短语作插入语。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark. To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her. To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures. To conclude, it was a great success. 在日常交际用语和书面表达中，插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语（Parenthesis）是插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，因此，有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。 插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。 插入语大致可分为以下10种类型： 1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语
It的用法及典型句型归纳. 个人总结
It的用法及典型句型归纳 一、人称代词it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，想法，以避免重复;也可以指性别不明或性别被认为是不重要的人或动物；未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. ②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. ③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.． 二、.非人称代词.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? // It was nearly midnight when she came back. It is April First today. // It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B. It is three dollars. // Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. 三、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 ⑴It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that ＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂ ⑵It is important ( necessary，right，strange，natural...) that + (should ) do (虚拟语气) ┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅) ⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that = sb / sth is said (reported/ believed /thought…) to do( to be doing/ to have done) sth ＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。 ⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded... ) that +(should ) do ＂据建议；有命令．． ⑸It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 小练一下： It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = It is important that we (learn) English well. It is necessary that he (remember) these words. It is said that he has come to Beijing. = It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. = It is suggested that the meeting ( put off). It was ordered that we (arrive) there in two hours. It is a pity that such a thing ( happen) in your class. It is a pity that he (be) ill. 2.作形式主语替代不定式 . ⑴It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.= sb be kind to do sth.一般都是表示人的特性的形容词。如： bad /brave /careless/ clever /cruel / foolish / good （好心的）/ honest/ kind / lazy / modest/ naughty/ nice（有教养的）/polite/ rude / silly / stupid / wise ，等。 Eg. It is kind of you to give me a hand. = ⑵It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起。常见的形容词有： Important/ necessary/ natural/ easy / safe / common / normal / hard / difficult / dangerous/ unusual/ rare / impossible / pleasant Eg. It is important for her to come to the party.