2015年暨南大学硕士研究生入学考试
2015年暨南大学高等数学,考研真题,考研流程,考研笔记,真题解析
1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
暨南大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目601《高等数学》考试大纲一、考试性质暨南大学硕士研究生入学高等数学考试是为招收理学非数学专业硕士研究生而设置的选拔考试。
它的主要目的是测试考生的数学素质，包括对高等数学各项内容的掌握程度和应用相关知识解决问题的能力。
考试对象为参加全国硕士研究生入学考试、并报考凝聚态物理、光学、生物物理学、环境科学（理学）、生物医学工程（理学）等专业的考生。
二、考试方式和考试时间高等数学考试采用闭卷笔试形式，试卷满分为150分，考试时间为3小时。
三、试卷结构（一）微积分与线性代数所占比例微积分约占总分的120分左右，线性代数约占总分的30分左右。
（二）试卷的结构1、填空、选择题：占总分的50分左右，内容为概念和基本计算，主要覆盖本门课程的各部分知识点。
2、计算或解答题：占总分的80分左右，主要为各部分的重要计算题、应用题3、证明题：占总分的20分左右。
主要参考文献1．《高等数学》（上、下册），同济大学应用数学系主编，高等教育出版社，第五版，2002。
2．《线性代数》，同济大学应用数学系编，高等教育出版社，第四版，2003。
2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2一、考研路上的十大拦路虎：1.背了又忘的英语单词解决办法：最好是每天抽出一点零碎时间比如，饭前背单词，也推荐睡前记单词，然后早晨起来之后马上复习一遍，很灵的喔。
2.喜欢给自己找不去自习的借口（这点很危险）解决办法：在心里狠狠的骂自己一顿——怎么这么多借口啊！还想不想考研了？多上一次自习，到时候又可以多考几分，成功又多了一份把握啊！3.缺乏一定要考上的决心与斗志解决办法：多想想考上之后是如何衣锦还乡的，多想想考不上是如何吃苦受累的^_^哈哈，自己要学会安慰自己啊！4.自习室里静不下心来，缺乏效率（这点很危险）解决办法：这个主要还是一个要钻进去的问题，“一心只读圣贤书”是必须的。
2015年暨南大学管理学考研真题,考研笔记,复试流程,考研经验
1/13【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
管理学部分I ．考查目标《管理学原理》是一门系统地研究管理活动的普遍规律和一般方法的科学。
尽管各种具体的管理活动千差万别，但管理者在处理问题时，都要通过一定的计划、组织、领导和控制等职能来实现组织的目标。
本课程的具体要求是：使学习者能正确认识课程的性质、任务及其研究对象，全面了解课程的体系、结构，对管理学基础有一个总体的认识；掌握管理学的基本职能、基本概念、基本原理和基本方法，了解学科发展的新理论与新思想；紧密联系实际，学会分析案例，解决实际问题，把学科理论的学习融入对经济活动实践的研究和认识之中。
Ⅱ.试卷题型结构单项选择题15分判断题10分论述题30分案例20分III ．考查范围一、管理思想与管理理论2/13【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2【考试内容】（一）管理的历史背景：解释为什么学习管理的历史很重要；确认20世纪以前管理理论的主要贡献者。
（二）科学管理：描述弗雷德里克•W•泰罗和吉尔布雷思夫妇的重要贡献；解释当今的管理者如何应用科学管理。
（三）一般行政管理理论：讨论法约尔的14个管理原则；描述马克斯•韦伯对一般行政管理理论的贡献；解释今天的管理者如何应用一般行政管理理论。
（四）管理的数量方法：解释数量方法对管理领域的贡献；讨论今天的管理者如何应用数量方法。
（五）理解组织的行为：描述组织行为的早期支持者的贡献；解释霍桑研究对管理领域的贡献；讨论今天的管理者如何应用行为方法。
（六）系统观点与权变理论：理解系统观点与权变理论；解释权变理论与早期管理理论的差别。
2015年暨南大学有机化学考研真题,复试流程,考研心态,考研经验
1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
Ⅰ.考察目标有机化学课程考试涵盖有机化合物的结构、有机化合物的性质、有机化合物的制备、有机化合物的反应等内容。
要求考生全面系统地掌握有机化学的基本知识、基本理论。
掌握有机化合物的结构，利用有机化合物的结构推断有机化合物的性质、制备及其应用，具备较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Ⅱ.考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，答题时间为180分钟二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试三、试卷内容结构有机化合物的结构：20~25分有机化合物的性质：30~40分有机化合物的制备：40~45分有机化合物的反应：40~50分2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2四、试卷题型结构回答问题：30-40分完成反应式：40-50分结构推到：30-40分反应机理：20-30分合成：30-40分（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
3/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 3（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。
（5）每个选项都应力争回文中定位，全部题目都能做到正确答案在原文中对应的位置，判断出出题的方式以及错误答案的特征。
2015年暨南大学生物化学试题,考研真题,考研重点,真题解析,考研心态
1/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
试题示例一、名词解释（5×4＝20分）1.蛋白质构象……5.操纵子二、是非判断题（20×1＝20分）1.从热力学上讲蛋白质分子最稳定的构象是自由能最低时的构象。
……20.DNA 半不连续复制是指复制时一条链的合成方向是5′→3′而另一条链方向是3′→5′。
三、选择题（30×1＝30分）1.双链DNA 的T m 较高是由于下列哪组核苷酸含量较高所致：A ．A+GB ．C+TC ．A+TD ．G+C……30.糖的有氧氧化的最终产物是：A ．CO 2+H 2O+ATPB ．乳酸C ．丙酮酸D ．乙酰CoA四、简答题（5×10＝50分）1．蛋白质的α-螺旋结构有何特点？……5．简要说明DNA 半保留复制的机制。
五、综合题（2×15＝30分）1.已知存在于E.coli 菌体中的某蛋白质分子量为1.8KD ，pI 值为8.5，试根据所学知识，设计一套针对此蛋白质的分离纯化方案。
……2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
这里所指的捷径并不是“速成班”、“点金法”，而是合理步骤，让你能够达到“事半功倍”。
相信现在还有很多同学仍然没有确定自己的目标专业院校，一直抱着等等看或者船到桥头自然直的态度，就这么在摸索中复习着。
虽然，我们也是在学习，在进步，但是这种指向性不明确针对性不准确的复习，肯定会消耗掉我们的一些精力和时间。
只有目标明确，才能有的放矢，事半功倍。
尽早确定目标专业院校有很多同学认识不到目标对于行为指导的意义，以及对成功的重大影响力，也有同学自认为确定了目标，具体问了才知道原来所谓的目标就是考研，这个目标太宽泛了，指导不了我们的行为，起码不能很好的指导我们。
暨南大学-2015年-硕士学位研究生入学考试真题-环境保护概论824
A现状评价B回顾评价C预断评价D以上全不属于
9．下列描述不正确的是：（）
A吸声材料对高频噪声有很好的效果
B隔振可分为主动隔振和被动隔振
C控制噪声最根本的方法是从声源上控制
D共振吸声结构更适合于高频噪声的处理
10.根据污水综合排放标准，水中的污染物分为I类和II类，I类污染物是指能在环境或动植物体内蓄积，对人体健康产生长远不利影响的物质。请问下列污染物中，哪种不属于I类污染物：（）
2.近年来垃圾焚烧发电厂选址风波不断，试利用环境保护概论所学知识，综合分析垃圾焚烧发电现存问题和发展前景。
考试科目：环境保护概论共2页，第2页
2．废水处理过程中会产生大量污泥，因其中含有大量污染物，必须对其进行处理，包括哪些处理过程？一般采用什么方法？
3．用于评价除尘装置性能的指标有哪些？离心力除尘装置与惯性力除尘装置相比，有何特点？
4．在河流水质监测断面设置中，对流经大中城市或工业区等污染较重的江河段，一般要设置哪三类断面，设在什么位置？各有什么作用？
2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）
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招生专业与代码：环境科学（工学）083001、环境工程083002、环境工程（专业学位）085229
5．某冶炼厂含铅废水经处理后排入河水中，测得排污口附近河水中铅的含量为0.4～0.5mg/L，而在下游500米处河水中铅含量仅为3～4μg/L，请解释其原因。
2015年暨南大学管理学考研真题,心得分享,考研笔记,复试真题
1/14【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
管理学部分I ．考查目标《管理学原理》是一门系统地研究管理活动的普遍规律和一般方法的科学。
尽管各种具体的管理活动千差万别，但管理者在处理问题时，都要通过一定的计划、组织、领导和控制等职能来实现组织的目标。
本课程的具体要求是：使学习者能正确认识课程的性质、任务及其研究对象，全面了解课程的体系、结构，对管理学基础有一个总体的认识；掌握管理学的基本职能、基本概念、基本原理和基本方法，了解学科发展的新理论与新思想；紧密联系实际，学会分析案例，解决实际问题，把学科理论的学习融入对经济活动实践的研究和认识之中。
Ⅱ.试卷题型结构单项选择题15分判断题10分论述题30分案例20分III ．考查范围一、管理思想与管理理论2/14【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2【考试内容】（一）管理的历史背景：解释为什么学习管理的历史很重要；确认20世纪以前管理理论的主要贡献者。
（二）科学管理：描述弗雷德里克•W•泰罗和吉尔布雷思夫妇的重要贡献；解释当今的管理者如何应用科学管理。
（三）一般行政管理理论：讨论法约尔的14个管理原则；描述马克斯•韦伯对一般行政管理理论的贡献；解释今天的管理者如何应用一般行政管理理论。
（四）管理的数量方法：解释数量方法对管理领域的贡献；讨论今天的管理者如何应用数量方法。
（五）理解组织的行为：描述组织行为的早期支持者的贡献；解释霍桑研究对管理领域的贡献；讨论今天的管理者如何应用行为方法。
（六）系统观点与权变理论：理解系统观点与权变理论；解释权变理论与早期管理理论的差别。
2015年暨南大学刑法学考研真题,复习方法,考研流程,考研经验
1/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
刑法学考试大纲Ⅰ.考查目标Ⅱ.考试形式和试卷结构考查范围Ⅲ.考查范围Ⅳ.试题示例Ⅰ、考查目标掌握刑法的基本原理和基本制度，运用刑法的基本原理和基本制度分析和解决刑事司法领域的现实问题。
Ⅱ、考查形式与试卷结构1、试卷满分及考试时间本试卷为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试3、试卷题型结构名词解释20分简答题50分论述题40分案例分析40分Ⅲ、考查范围刑法分为刑法概论、犯罪总论、刑罚总论与罪刑各论四个部分。
一、刑法概论（一）刑法的概述2/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 21、刑法的性质与机能2、刑法的制定与修改3、刑法的规范与解释（二）刑法的基本原则1、罪刑法定原则2、适用刑法平等原则3、罪刑相适应原则（三）刑法的效力范围1、刑法的空间效力2、刑法的时间效力二、犯罪总论（一）犯罪概述1、犯罪的定义2、犯罪的基本特征（二）犯罪构成要件1、犯罪客体2、犯罪客观方面3、犯罪主体4、犯罪主观方面（三）排除社会危害性的行为1、正当防卫2、紧急避险（四）故意犯罪的停止形态1、犯罪既遂2、犯罪预备3、犯罪未遂4、犯罪中止（五）共同犯罪1、共同犯罪的构成要件2、共同犯罪的形式3、共同犯罪人的种类及其刑事责任（六）罪数形态1、一罪的认定2、数罪的认定（七）刑事责任1、刑事责任概述2、刑事责任根据3、刑事责任实现三、刑罚总论（一）刑罚概说1、刑罚概念与目的2、刑罚权及其根据（二）刑罚的体系和种类1、主刑3/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 32、附加刑（三）刑罚的裁量1、量刑概述2、量刑情节3、量刑制度（四）刑罚的执行1、刑罚执行概述2、刑罚执行的制度（五）刑罚的消灭1、刑罚的消灭概述2、时效与赦免四、罪刑各论（一）罪刑各论概述1、刑法分则的体系2、刑法分则的条文结构3、刑法分则的法条竞合（二）危害国家安全罪1、危害国家安全罪概述2、危害国家安全罪主要的犯罪（三）危害公共安全罪1、危害公共安全罪概述2、危害公共安全罪主要的犯罪（四）破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪1、破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪概述2、破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪主要的犯罪（五）侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪概述1、侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪概述2、侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪主要的犯罪（六）侵犯财产罪1、侵犯财产罪概述2、侵犯财产罪主要的犯罪（七）妨害社会管理秩序罪1、妨害社会管理秩序罪概述2、妨害社会管理秩序罪主要的犯罪（八）贪污贿赂罪1、贪污贿赂罪概述2、贪污贿赂罪主要的犯罪（九）渎职罪1、渎职罪概述2、渎职罪主要的犯罪Ⅳ.试题示例一、名词解释：每小题5分4/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 41、犯罪构成2、数罪并罚二、简答题：每小题10分1、结合我国刑法论述刑法的空间效力。
暨南大学翻硕英语真题汇总
2015年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的2015年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题，供大家参考，有需要的同学请保存。
目前正值第一轮基础复习，大家要有耐心哦。
2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been __________ until next Monday.A. cancelledC. called offB. postponedD. transferred2. A __________ is a person who chooses to die rather than abandon his or her religious belief.A. heroC. martyrB. patriotD. traitor3. __________ is the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.A. TypographyC. hand-writingB. calligraphyD. typeface4. __________ is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.A. SanctuaryC. RelicsB. ParadiseD. Headquarter5. She decided to __________ the world and entered a convent.A. renounceC. reviveB. reproachD. revenge6. You describe a situation as a __________ when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.A. conflictC. provisionB. dilemmaD. paradox7. Don't make __________ comments out of ignorance. Don't make improper comments before you know the whole story.A. presumptuousC. harshB. quickD. easy8. Planets here show how and to what we are attached, and the degree of our __________.A. weightC. gravityB. relativityD. possessiveness9. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to __________ that it was a car.A. examineC. ensureB. verifyD. testify10. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely __________.A. avoidedC. prohibitedB. rejectedD. repelled11. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were __________ and not planned.A. substantialC. spontaneousB. simultaneousD. synthetic12. The professor's dedication to __________ earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students.A. teachC. being taughtB. be taughtD. teaching13. Do help yourself to some fruit, __________ you?A. can'tC. wouldn'tB. won'tD. don't14. She didn't __________ the door key to her landlord until she got back her deposit.A. hand inC. hand outB. hand downD. hand over15. You __________ me anything about it. I think it was none of my business.A. needn't have toldC. needn't tellB. mustn't have toldD. mustn't tell16. Jim was really rude to everyone in my party last night. It really __________ me __________.A. put …overC. put …offB. put …downD. put …up17. Please feel free to visit me whenever __________.A. you are convenientC. you will be convenientB. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you18. I have been really __________ with the current situation in that country because my cousin was traveling there.A. worryingC. concernedB. involvedD. regretful19. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the housewife __________ to the president.A. as far asC. as long asB. as much asD. the same as20. Fat cannot change into muscle__________ muscle changes into fact.A. any more thanC. no less thanB. no more thanD. much more than21. While driving along the treacherous road, __________.A. my right rear tire blown outC. my right rear tire blows outB. I had my right rear tire blow outD. I had a blowout on my right rear tire22. Our friends said that they wouldn't mind __________.A. have a little light musicC. they have a little light musicB. to have a little light musicD. having a little light music23. __________ for his help, I'd never have been able to achieve such a success.A. If it were notC. If I had not beenB. Had it not beenD. Had it not24. Without facts, one cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for he needs to have factual knowledge __________ his thinking.A. to base on whichC. upon which to baseB. which to be based onD. which to base upon25. Science and common sense offer ways to minimize the risk of __________ climate change.A. devastatingC. demolishingB. mountingD. wrecking26. You may merely be __________ your own misery and unhappiness by comparing yourself to others.A. legitimizingC. optimizingB. validatingD. duplicating27. The storm left many parts of the island underwater and destroyed thousands of artifacts __________ from archaeological digs.A. recoveredC. exploitedB. retrievedD. rectified28. Chinese special envoy Zhang Yesui met Malaysia's Najib on Wednesday and called for "__________ efforts" to find the plane.A. fitfulC. everlastingB. unremittingD. sporadic29. According to state employment data, construction is by far the fastest growing industry in the state, __________ some job losses in the sector last month.A. thereforeC. neverthelessB. wherebyD. notwithstanding30. Most tiny houses are __________ for middle-class and wealthy families who made a conscious decision to "build better, not bigger".A. addressedC. tailoredB. reconciledD. weighed[page]II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. (453 words)31. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following waysEXCEPT to __________.A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goals32. Which of the following does the passage suggest about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?A. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.33. Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" (para. 3) as it is presented in the passage?A. A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.34. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. evaluation of a problemB. creation of possible solutions to a problemC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem35. According to the passage, which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculatedthat the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and "close" the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe—luminous matter in the form of galaxies—comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law.Instead we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value. (351 words)36. The passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. defending a controversial approachB. criticizing an accepted viewC. summarizing research findingsD. contrasting competing theories37. The authors' study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having __________.A. higher rotational velocity and higher luminosityB. lower rotational velocity and higher luminosityC. lower rotational velocity and lower luminosityD. similar rotational velocity and higher luminosity38. The authors' suggestion that "as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth" would be most weakened if __________ were discovered to be true.A. Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain little nonluminous matter.B. Luminous and nonluminous matter are composed of the same basic elements.C. The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some nonluminous matter.D. The density of the observable universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.39. It can be inferred from the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, __________ would be true as a consequence.A. Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.B. Different regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.C. The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.D. The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.40. The authors propose all of the following as possibly contributing to the "missing matter" in spiral galaxies EXCEPT __________.A. massive black holesB. small black holesC. small, dim starsD. massive starsPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?" (363 words)41. The primary purpose of the passage is to __________.A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological changeB. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchangeC. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological changeD. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism42. Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by the passage?A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.43. Which of the following most accurately describes Clark's opinion of Braver man's position?A. He respects its wide-ranging popularity.B. He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.C. He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.D. He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.44. The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that __________ would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance.A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.45. According to the passage, which of the following did constructivists employ to promote their argument?A. Empirical studies of business situations involving technological changeB. Citation of managers supportive of their positionC. Construction of hypothetical situations that support their viewD. Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of an opposing viewSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless. Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1) the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands —., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land uselaws—and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation.Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States' acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when the United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although they at that time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is a question of practice, not of legal definition, and the pueblos have always been treated as reservations by the United States. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), where in the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine. Therefore, the reserved water rights of Pueblo Indians have priority over other citizens' water rights as of 1848, the year in which pueblos must be considered to have become reservations.46. What rights did the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation fail to identify for its inhabitants?47. What does the passage imply from the only criteria for establishing a reservation's water rights, as discussed in underlined part of the first paragraph?48. What is the relationship between Arizona v. California and the criteria in the Winters doctrine?49. What is the "pragmatic approach" defined as?50. For what purpose does the author cite the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online anti-corruption. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Chinese netizens are embracing "online anti-corruption", a sign of the China's endeavor to fight wrongdoing. As reported, a large number of Chinese officials have been removed from their posts due to corruption or misconduct after investigations arising from initial clues provided by internet users. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。
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2015年暨南大学硕士研究生入学考试350中药学基础综合考试大纲A. <<生物化学>>部分目录I．考察目标II．考试形式和试卷结构III．考查范围IV．试题示例I．考查目标要求考生比较系统地掌握生物化学课程的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法，能够运用所学的基本原理和方法分析、判断和解决有关理论和实际问题。
II．考试形式和试卷结构一、《生物化学》部分分数“中药学基础”试卷满分300分（其中<<生物化学>>部分150分），考试时间共180分钟。
二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试，考生独立完成考试内容。
三、试卷内容结构生物化学基本概念、基本原理、实验技能120分生物化学综合应用30分四、试卷题型结构名词解释20分是非判断题20分选择题30分简答题50分综合题30分Ⅲ.考查范围生物化学【考查目标】1.掌握生物化学课程的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法2.能够运用所学的基本原理和方法分析、判断和解决有关理论和实际问题。
一、蛋白质的结构与功能（一）蛋白质的分子组成（二）蛋白质的分子结构（三）蛋白质结构与功能的关系（四）蛋白质的理化性质及其分离纯化二、核酸的结构与功能（一）核酸的化学组成（二）核酸的一级结构（三）DNA的空同结构与功能（四）RNA的空间结构与功能（五）核酸的理化性质及其应用三、酶（一）酶的分子结构与功能（二）酶促反应的特点与机制（三）酶促反应动力学（四）酶的调节（五）酶的命名与分类四、糖代谢（一）糖类概念及其功能（二）糖的无氧分解（三）糖的有氧氧化（四）磷酸戊糖途径（五）糖原的合成与分解（六）糖异生（七）血糖及其调节五、脂类代谢（一）脂类的消化和吸收（二）甘油三酯代谢（三）磷脂的代谢（四）胆固醇代谢六、生物氧化（一）生成ATP的氧化体系（二）其他氧化体系七、氨基酸代谢（一）蛋白质的营养作用（二）蛋白质的消化、吸收与腐败（三）氨基酸的一般代谢（四）氨的代谢（五）个别氨基酸的代谢八、核苷酸代谢（一）嘌呤核苷酸代谢（二）嘧啶棱苷酸代谢九、物质代谢的联系与调节（一）物质代谢的特点（二）物质代谢的相互联系（三）组织、器官的代谢特点及联系（四）代谢调节十、DNA的生物合成(复制)（一）半保留复制（二）DNA复制的酶学（三）DNA生物台成过程（四）DNA损伤(突变)与修复（五）逆转录现象和逆转录酶十一、RNA的生物合成(转录)（一）模板和酶（二）转录过程（三）真核生物的转录后修饰十二、蛋白质的生物合成(翻译)（一）参与蛋白质生物合成的物质（二）蛋白质的生物合成过程（三）翻译后加工（四）蛋白质生物合成的干扰和抑制十三、基因表达调控（一）基因表达调控基本概念与原理（二）原核基因转录调节（三）真核基因转录调节IV．试题示例一、名词解释（5×4＝20分）1. 蛋白质构象……5. 操纵子二、是非判断题（20×1＝20分）1.从热力学上讲蛋白质分子最稳定的构象是自由能最低时的构象。
……20. DNA半不连续复制是指复制时一条链的合成方向是5′→3′而另一条链方向是3′→5′。
三、选择题（30×1＝30分）1. 双链DNA的T m较高是由于下列哪组核苷酸含量较高所致：A．A+G B．C+T C．A+T D．G+C……30. 糖的有氧氧化的最终产物是：A．CO2+H2O+ATP B．乳酸C．丙酮酸D．乙酰CoA四、简答题（5×10＝50分）1．蛋白质的α-螺旋结构有何特点？……5．简要说明DNA半保留复制的机制。
五、综合题（2×15＝30分）1. 已知存在于E.coli菌体中的某蛋白质分子量为1.8KD，pI值为8.5，试根据所学知识，设计一套针对此蛋白质的分离纯化方案。
……B. 有机化学部分I、考试目标II、考试形式和试卷结构III、考查范围IV、试题样板I、考试目标暨南大学《有机化学》考试的目标，重点在于考查考生如下几个方面的内容：1、各类有机化合物的命名法、异构现象、结构特征、主要性质、重要的合成方法，以及它们之间的关系。
2、对现代价键理论基本概念的理解，并应用于解释有机化合物基本结构的能力；通过电子效应和立体效应，进一步掌握有机化合物结构与性能的关系。
3、重要的反应历程，如：亲电和亲核取代反应、亲电和亲核加成反应、游离基反应、消除反应等历程。
4、对立体化学的基本知识和基本理论的理解，并能用于解释一些反应的选择性问题。
5、各类重要有机化合物的来源、制法及其主要用途。
II、考试形式和试卷结构一、《有机化学》部分分数“中药学基础”试卷满分300分（其中<<有机化学>>部分150分），考试时间共180分钟。
二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试，考生独立完成考试内容。
三、<<有机化学>>试卷结构有机化合物结构30%结构理论关系30%有机反应30%有机合成设计10%四、<<有机化学>>试卷题型1.命名题（10%）2.写结构式（10%）3.选择题（10%）4.填空题（10%）5.完成反应式（30%）6.简答题（20%）7.合成题（10%）III、考查范围【考查目标】一、各类有机化合物的命名法、异构现象、结构特征、主要性质、重要的合成方法，以及它们之间的关系。
二、对现代价键理论的基本概念，并应用于理解有机化合物的基本结构的能力；通过电子效应和立体效应，进一步掌握有机化合物结构与性能的关系。
三、重要的反应历程，如：亲电和亲核取代反应、亲电和亲核加成反应、游离基反应、消除反应等历程。
四、对立体化学的基本知识和基本理论的理解，并能用于理解一些反应的选择性问题。
五、各类重要有机化合物的来源、制法及其主要用途。
第一章绪论【基本内容】一、有机化合物和有机化学二、有机化合物的结构：凯库勒结构式、离子键和共价键、现代共价键理论、共价键的属性三、有机化合物的分类四、有机酸碱的概念：勃朗斯德酸碱理论、路易斯酸碱理论【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：有机化合物的分类二、掌握：有机酸碱的概念三、重点掌握：有机化合物和有机化学；有机化合物的结构第二章烷烃和环烷烃【基本内容】第一节烷烃一、同系列和构造异构：同系列和同系物、构造异构二、命名：普通命名法、系统命名法三、结构四、构象：乙烷的构象、丁烷的构象五、物理性质：分之间的作用力、沸点、熔点、密度、溶解度六、化学性质：氧化和燃烧、热裂反应、卤化反应第二节脂环烃一、脂环烃的分类、构造异构和命名二、物理性质三、化学性质：与开链烷烃相似的化学性质、环丙烷和环丁烷的开环反应四、拜尔张力学说五、环烷烃的构象：环丙烷和环丁烷的构象、环戊烷的构象、环己烷的构象【基本要求】一、了解（理解）烷烃的物理性质二、掌握：烷烃的氧化、燃烧和热裂反应三、重点掌握：烷烃的命名、结构、构象和卤代反应及机理；自由基的概念。
四、了解（理解）：环烷烃的物理性质五、掌握：脂环烃的分类、环烷烃的化学反应；环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和六元环的环烷烃构象六、重点掌握：环烷烃、桥环和螺环的命名；脂环烃的构造异物；环己烷的构象、a键和e键的概念；环烷烃的化学性质第三章立体化学基础【基本内容】一、对映异构：平面偏振光和比旋光度、对映异构体和手性、对映异构体的表示方法、构型的命名、对映异构体的物理性质、外消旋体、非对映异构体和内消旋体、构象异构和构型异构二、环烷烃的立体异构：几何异构和对映异构、一取代环己烷的构象、二取代环己烷的构象三、聚集二烯烃的立体异构四、十氢萘的立体异构五、对映异构体的合成及化学：手性中心的产生、外消旋体的拆分、对映异构体与手性试剂的反应、手性分子在反应中的立体化学【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：偏振光的有关概念；外消旋体拆分；手性分子在反应中的立体化学二、掌握：手性中心的产生三、重点掌握：对映异构体和手性的概念；对映异构体的表示方法及构型的命名；对映异构体的物理性质；外消旋体、内消旋体的概念；构象异构和构型异构第四章卤代烷亲核取代反应【基本内容】一、分类和命名二、结构三、物理性质四、化学性质：亲核取代反应、消除反应、还原反应、有机金属化合物的形成五、乙烯型和烯丙型卤代烃六、多卤烷和氟代烷【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：物理性质；多卤代烷和氟代烷二、掌握：卤代烷的分类；亲和取代和消除反应的竞争；卤代烷的还原反应三、重点掌握：卤代烷的分类、命名、结构；亲核取代反映、机理及影响因素；消除反应及消除反应的Saytzeff规则；消除反应机理；E2消除的立体化学第五章醇和醚【基本内容】第一节醇一、分类和命名二、结构和物理性质三、化学性质：一元醇的化学性质、二元醇的化学性质（氧化反应、频哪醇重排）四、制备：由烯烃制备、卤烃水解、格氏试剂与醛、酮加成、水解制备1º、2 º、3 º醇第二节醚和环氧化合物一、醚的分类和命名二、醚的结构和物理性质三、醚的化学性质：详盐的形成、醚键的断裂、自动氧化四、醚的制备：醇分子间脱水、威廉姆逊合成法五、冠醚六、环氧化合物：环氧化合物的结构、环氧化合物的反应七、硫醇和硫醚：命名、硫醇的性质、硫醚的性质【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：硫醚二、掌握：物理性质；醇与HX反应机理；取代酚酸性的解释；Claisen重排机理；酚的氧化反应；醚的自动氧化、冠醚三、重点掌握：醇、酚、醚的命名、结构；氢键的概念；一元醇与Na的反应；取代反应、脱水反应，生成硫酸酯，醇的氧化（Sarrett试剂、Jones试剂、活性MnO2、Oppenauer氧化、KMnO4、K2Cr2O7/H2SO4）；二元醇的氧化反应和频哪醇重排；酚的酸性；酚芳环上的取代反应；酚酯的形成和Fries重排；酚醚的形成和Claisen重排；醚键的断裂和详盐的形成；环氧化合物的开环反应及方向。
醇、酚、醚的制备方法；硫醇和硫醚的性质。
第六章烯烃【基本内容】一、结构二、同分异构：构造异构、顺反异构三、命名四、物理性质五、化学性质：催化加氢、亲电性加成反应、自由基加成反应、硼氢化反应、氧化反应、a氢的卤代反应、聚合反应六、制备：炔烃还原、醇脱水、卤代烷脱卤代氢【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：烯烃的物理性质、聚合反应二、掌握：过酸氧化、硼氢化反应机理、自由基加成反应机理三、重点掌握：烯烃的结构、命名；顺反异构体及其构型标记法、烯烃的催化加氢；亲电加成反应（加HX,加X2，加H2SO4,加HOX，硼氢化反应）；亲电加成反应机理（加X2，加HX）；亲电加成反应的马氏（Markovnikov）规则；烯烃的氧化反应（被KMnO4氧化，臭氧化）；a-氢的卤代反应第七章烯炔烃和二烯烃【基本内容】一、炔烃：结构、同分异构和命名；物理性质、化学性质、制备二、二烯烃：分类和命名、公轭二烯烃【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：超共轭效应的概念二、掌握：二烯烃的分类；物理性质三、重点掌握：炔烃、共轭二烯烃的结构、命名；炔烃的化学性质（炔氢的反应，碳碳键的还原反应，亲电加成反应）；共轭二烯烃的1，2和1，4加成；乙烯型卤烃和烯丙型卤烃；p- 共轭第八章芳烃【基本内容】一、苯及其同系物：苯的结构；苯衍生物的同分异构、命名和物理性质；苯的亲电取代反应及其机理；一取代苯的亲电取代反应的活性和定位规律；苯的其他反应；烷基苯侧链的反应；卤代芳烃二、多环芳烃和非苯芳烃：稠环芳烃、联苯、非苯芳烃及休克尔规则【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：苯的分子轨道模型，蒽和菲的反应二、掌握：苯的加成、氧化反应；共振论对亲电取代反应定位规律的解释；物理性质；萘的氧化反应三、重点掌握：芳香性的概念；苯的结构；苯的同分异构及命名；苯的亲电取代反应（卤代、硝化、磺化、F.C反应）；亲电取代反应机理；芳环上亲电取代反应定位规律；萘的结构、命名；萘的亲电取代反应；联苯的立体化学；修克尔规则第九章醛和酮【基本内容】一、醛和酮的结构和命名二、醛和酮的物理性质三、醛和酮的化学性质：亲核加成反应、a活泼氢的反应、氧化和还原反应、其它反应四、醛和酮的制备：官能团转化法、向分子中直接引入羰基五、不饱和醛、酮：α，β-不饱和醛、酮的反应、烯酮六、醌类化合物：双键的加成反应、羰基与氨衍生物的反应、1，4-加成反应、1，6-加成反应【基本要求】一、了解（理解）：醛、酮与水的加成，羟醛缩合反应的酸催化机理，醌的1，6加成；聚合反应二、掌握：碱催化卤仿反应机理；醌的性质；烯酮的反应；醌的命名三、重点掌握：醛、酮的结构、命名、亲核加成反应及活性（与HCN、NaHSO3、RMgX、氨的衍生物的加成）；亲核加成反应的机理；羟醛缩合反应（分子间，分子内及交叉羟醛缩合）及碱催化机理；氧化反应（KMnO4/H+；Tollens试剂，Fehing试剂）和还原反应（Clemmensen还原，Wolff-kishner-黄鸣龙还原，催化氢化，Meewein-Ponndorf还原；金属氢化物还原及立体化学；酮的双分子还原）；Witting反应；醛酮的制备方法；a b不饱和醛酮的1，4和1，2加成；Michael加成；Diels-Alder反应。