非谓语动词(非限定动词)
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式，不可以独立作谓语。
它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成，常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式：不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。
例句：1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.（作主语）2. She wants to go shopping.（作宾语）3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.（作表语）4. He has a lot of work to finish.（作定语）不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式：进行时态：to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态：to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词例句：1. He seems to be sleeping.（不定式进行时态）2. You should have told me earlier.（不定式完成时态）3. The car needs to be repaired.（不定式被动语态）二、动名词：动名词是指动词的-ing形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。
例句：1. Reading is my favorite hobby.（作主语）2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.（作宾语）3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.（作表语）4. The girl standing over there is my sister.（作定语）5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.（作状语）动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态，而不定式没有。
非限定动词(非谓语动词 )
现在分词与动名词的区别： 现在分词与动名词的区别：
1) 作 主 语 补 语 时 , 动 名 词 相 当 n., 现 在 分 词 ….adj. His job is moving garbage (垃圾 垃圾) 垃圾 His story is moving . (现在分词 现在分词) 现在分词 2) 动名词不能作状语。 动名词不能作状语。 He tore his clothes by climbing trees.(弄破 弄破) 弄破
4) 有些动词后，forget , remember ,go on 有些动词后， 不定式：后于谓语动词发生的动作。 不定式：后于谓语动词发生的动作。 动名词：先于……………………。 动名词：先于 。 I didn’t remember to phone them last night. 忘了 打电话 忘了…打电话 打电话. I remember writing down the phone num. 记得记下……… 记得记下
P9 Section I BCCCD BCCDA Section II BCBCB ACCDD
ADDCA ABCD CCDAA
分词 1) 现在分词 doing 2) 过去分词 done
的特征， 具有 v 和 adj的特征，可有宾语（doing）或状 的特征 可有宾语（ ） 语。 现在分词（ 现在分词 （ doing） 与过去分词 （ done） 的区 ） 与过去分词（ ） 别： 1) 语态：doing 表示主动， done 被动。 语态： 表示主动， 被动。 An exciting story excited people 2) 时间上：doing 正在进行，done 已经完成。 时间上： 正在进行， 已经完成。 boiling water/ boiled water
第五讲非限定动词(非谓语动词
3）现在分词作宾语补语
• 在现在分词作宾语补语的结构中，谓语动词一般 是感知动词（如：see，hear，watch，feel, notice, observe, keep, find, listen to, look at 等）或者是使役动词（如：have, get, leave, catch, set等），一般表示动作的进行。
• Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.
• 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。 • The question being settled, we went home. • 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。 • The monitor being ill, we’d better put the
• 分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动 宾关系，能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以 下四类:
• ① 表示感觉/心理状态的动词 • ② 表示“致使”意义的动词 • ③表示思维活动的动词consider, think等后 • ④ 表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want, wish, like
hate等后
① 表示感觉/心理状态的动词，如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
meeting off. • 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
过去分词（past participle）
过去分词基本用法 过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别 过去分词的句法功能 • 1）过去分词作定语 • 2）过去分词作状语 • 3）过去分词作为宾语补足语 • 4） 过去分词的独立结构
过去分词基本用法
• 过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式。过去分词在意义上 最主要特点是表被动，在时间上它可以表示多种关系：
英语语法：非谓语动词用法
【导语】⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的⾮谓语形式。
⾮谓语动词除了不能独⽴作谓语外，可以承担句⼦的其他成分。
⽆忧考整理了⾮谓语动词⽤法，快来看看吧！希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！ 概述 在⼤学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的⼀项语法就是⾮谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）。
⾮谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句⼦成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"⾮谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进⾏态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。
但不管起什么作⽤，它们都具有动词的功能，但⽆语法上的动词性质，这⼀点可以通过它们不受主语的⼈称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作⽤，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。
它也不受主语⼈称和数的限制。
不定式 1．结构 不定式的主动态是to do，其否定式是not to do，被动态是to be done，进⾏态是to be doing，完成态是to have done. 例：1996年6⽉四级第24题 Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A） has left B） is to leave C） leaves D） is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思："78岁的丹尼斯爵⼠已经向众⼈宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要⼀个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D） is to be left. 2．不定式做主语 例：1995年1⽉四级第55题 It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A） to be paid more than a month later B） to be paid later than more a month C） to pay later than a month more D） to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，接下来是小编为您整理的非谓语动词知识点总结，希望对您有所帮助。
I.概述1.基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) (= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△ △△△动名词△△△ △不定式△△△△△△过去分词△ △△△注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
第十七讲 非谓语动词
过去分词
The meeting held last week is very important. I found them seated at the back.
The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. A. finishing C. had finished B. finished D. were finished
二、 明确谓语动词的否定 明确谓语动词的否定 与谓语语动词否定的区别 与谓语语动词否定的区别 否定
阅读下列句子，区别谓语和非谓语的否定 阅读下列句子，区别谓语和非谓语的否定 非谓语动词 谓语动词 He doesn’t like Not knowing what maths. to do, She isn’t coming he turned to the teacher tomorrow. They haven’t for help. done the He told me not to experiment. open The engine won’t the window. start. Not well designed, You mustn’t leave the things every where. bridge collapsed soon 谓语动词的否定借助于助动词 助动词+not来实现 谓语动词的否定借助于助动词 来实现 归纳总结： 归纳总结： He didn’t play 非谓语的否定借助于not来实现 非谓语的否定借助于 after it was completed. 来实现 basketball His not coming on
英语非谓语动词知识点总结
英语非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在（句子）中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
下面我给大家共享一些英语非谓语动词学问，盼望能够关心大家，欢迎阅读!英语非谓语动词学问1不定式和动名词作主语的区分(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示详细动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(详细)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或（阅历）。
不定式（短语）通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很好玩。
(阅历)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(阅历)(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.英语非谓语动词学问2不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区分(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示详细动作，特殊是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立即开头干。
2)假如主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)假如主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job，plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
两种非谓语动词的区别
非谓语动词也就是非限定动词，它包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，在句中它不能单独充当谓语，无人称和数的变化形式，下面主要是动词不定式和动名词的区别用法。
一、动词不定式,由to+动词原形构成。
1.带to 的动词不定式或短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，这些动词主要有ask,decide,learn,wish,want,tell,expect,fail,happen,help,hope,wish,learn,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,want,would like 等。
注意:带to 的动词不定式（短语）的否定形式是在to 的前面加not 。
而有些动词不定式（短语）在句中可作状语、表语、定语等。
例如：Our teachers usually tell us to pay more attention to traffic safety.(老师常告诫我们要注意交通安全。
)The poor mother decided not to keep her daughter away from school.(这个贫穷的妈妈决定不让她女儿辍学。
)The little girl learned to play the violin when she was 4years old.(那个小姑娘4岁时就学会拉小提琴了。
)The teacher told us not to copy others ’homework.(老师告诉我们不要抄袭别人的作业。
)The little boy wants to major in English language in Australia when he grows up.(这个小男孩长大后想去澳大利亚专修英语。
)I wish her to make a great achievement in learning all the subjects.(我希望她在各科学习上取得辉煌成绩。
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(3) 原因状语 Being ill, she stayed at home. （=Because she was ill） (4) 让步状语 Having failed many times, he didn't lose courage. (=Even though he had failed many times) (5)方式状语 Please answer the question using another way. (6)伴随状语 He is standing over there, singing. (= He is standing over there and singing.)
主 语
√ √
宾 语
√ √
表 语
√ √
定 语
√ √
状 语
√
补 语
√
不定式 动名词
现在分词
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
谓语：
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，有 人称和数的变化（即跟主语的人称和数一致）。 单谓语或动词 e.g. He works. 短语 He takes care of the baby. 情态动词/助 He will go to Shanghai. 动词+ v. He didn’t go to Shanghai.
不定式的时态和语态
He came to help us. (一般式) (充当什么成分?) I am very sorry to have broken your vase. (完成式) She pretended to be crying. (进行式) The book is to be published next month. (一 般式的被动式) The meeting is said to have been canceled. (完成式的被动式)
过去分词的用法
(3)原因状语 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. (=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made) Seriously injured, he was taken to hospital. (=Because he was seriously injured) (4)让步状语 Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. (=Although we were exhausted by the climb) (5)方式状语 The children went away laughing. He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. (= as if he was bitten by a snake) (6)伴随状语 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her son. (=and (she) was followed by her son)
1.作状语
过 去 分 词
2.作定语 3.作表语 4.作补语
过去分词的用法
1. 定语 作定语的过去分词有的可以放在被修饰的名词之前作前置定语， 有的可以放在被修饰名词之后作后置定语。 (1)前置定语：We only sell used books. (2)后置定语：The bridge built last month needs repairing. (3)前置或后置：All the broken windows have been repaired. All the windows broken have been repaired. (4) 过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰名词的后面。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. The concert given by their friends was a success
英语语法讲义
the Non-Finite Verbs 非限定动词
非谓语动词（非限定动词）
1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子 中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当 主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、 状语的作用，即：非谓语动词在句子中可以 充当除谓语以外一切成分。
非谓语动词在句中所作的成分
成 分 动词形式
1.作状语
现 在 分 词
2.作定语 3.作表语 4.作补语
现在分词
现在分词的基本构造方式：动词+ing，表示主动和进 行的意义。现在分词有时态和语态的变化， 如果 表示一般性动作，不表明动作先后，就用一般形 式。 Living in the downtown, we found a lot of amusements. 如果现在分词的动作先于句子谓语发生，要用完成 式“having+过去分词”。 Having heard from my father, I was relieved. 如果现在分词的逻辑主语是其所表示动作的对象， 就用现在分词被动形式。 The new method, having been used abroad, can increase the working efficiency.
2. 定语 单个现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词前，分词短语作定语时 放在被修饰名词后。现在分词可以转化为一个进行时的定语 从句。 We can see the rising sun. = We can see the sun that is rising. I know the boy standing over there. = I know the boy who is standing over there. 3. 宾语补足语 感官动词和使役动词可以接现在分词作宾语补足语，这时宾语 与作补语的现在分词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。 I saw him reading in the classroom. You kept me waiting so long. 4. 表语 有些现在分词的动作性减弱，描述性加强，具备了形容词的特 征，已经转化为形容词，可以用作表语，表示主语的性质。 This story is interesting. What you said is really inspiring.
动名词 现在分词 过去分词
不定式的作用 不 定 式
不定式的时态和语态 不定式的否定形式
1.作主语 2.作宾语
不 定 式
3.作定语
4.作表语 5.作补语
6.作状语
Examples 例句
1、作主语： To study hard is your duty. = It is your duty to study hard. It is important to learn English. 2、作表语： Your duty is to study hard. His dream is to be a doctor. 3、作宾语： He decided to give up smoking. He decided not to smoke any more. （否定式） 4、作宾语补语：We believe him to be honest. Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night. 5、作定语： I have a lot of work to do. / I’m very happy to have the opportunity to study English with you. 6、作状语： We come to school to study. （目的状语） I’m very happy to have the opportunity to study English with you. （原因状语）
不定式的否定式： (在to前面加not)
She pretended not to know me. Tell him not to smoke.
1.作主语ຫໍສະໝຸດ 动 名 词2.作宾语 3.作表语 4.作定语
Examples 例句
动名词是动词的另一种非限定形式，它在句 子中起名词的作用, 可用作主语(a), 表语(b), 动词的宾语(c)或介词的宾语(d)和定语(f) : a. Working in these conditions is no easy job. b. My favorite sport is skating. c. I suggest organizing a trip to Zhou-kou-dian. d. He left the restaurant without paying the bill. e. Have they got used to living in the mountains? f. She took a sleeping pill before going to bed.
过去分词的用法
4. 状语 过去分词也可以用作状语。过去分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语 有动宾关系。逻辑主语一般与句子主语保持一致。过去分 词前也可以带上相应的连接词。 (1) 时间状语 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (=When it is seen from the top of the hill) (2)条件状语 United we will stand; divided we will fall. (=If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall.) Given another hour, I can work out this problem. (=If I am given another hour) If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.