grammar完成时

4.The price ___,but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down
表示已发生的动作
5.All the preparations for the task__,and we’re ready to start. pleted plete C.had been completed D.have been completed
补充：
现在完成进行时：
•表示事情发生在过去，一直持续 到现在（有可能还要持续下去）， 强调动作的持续性。 Eg: 1.--You look hot and tired. --Have you been exercising?
2.—I'm sorry I'm late. —Have you been waiting long? 3.The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.
2.----Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work? ----Yes, that’s why I ____ to work by train. A.have been going B.have gone C.was going to D.will have gone
7.---Where ___ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. ---I ___ it right here, but now it’s gone. A.did you put; have put B.have you put; put C.had you put; have put D.were you putting; have put
e.g.. I have never seen the film.
The boy hasn’t cleaned his room yet. He’s turned off the light.
2表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到 现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。 He has lived here for ten years. I have studied English since 1980. 注意： a. live, study都是延续性动词。 b. 常用的时间状语： since…,for…,in the past few years, so far, all his life, up to now等.
现在完成时的构成
结构：have/has+done(过去分词)
has/have not done Has/Have sub done
现在完成时的三种基本用法：
1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一
动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
时间状语：ever, never, just , already, yet,before，recently, once, lately, now,today, this morning 等.
fall sleep – be asleep
get to know--know finish/end— be over
arrive in/come to /get to— be in
become- be
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句： e.g: ①.我们买这本书三年了。 We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago. ②他感冒三天了。 He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.
Exercise: 1.---Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --- I am tired. I ___ the living room all day. A.painted B.had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
8.You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A.had met B. have met C. met D. meet
• 1.现在完成时：发生在过去，强调这一动作对 现在产生的结果，影响等。不和明显的过去时 间状语连用。 • 2.一般过去时：表示动作发生在过去，常和明 显的过去时间状语连用。
1.This is the first time we____ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see
B. saw
B. had seen
D. have seen
2.– What is the price of petrol these days? -- Oh, it _____ sharply since last month. A. is raised C. has arisen B. has risen D. is increased
The class has been over for ten minutes.
⑨电影开始了一小时了。
The film has been on for an hour.
3. 在条件，时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作， 强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前。如 ：
Get off the train until it has stopped. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 如果早上雨已经停了，我们就去公园。
―(for) only a few minutes‖说明几分钟前来 了这里，一直到现在。
3.---___ the sports meet might be put off. ---Yes,it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C.I’m told D.I told ―被告知”是过去的事，对现在的影响 是“我已知道”
过去的动作“完成了准备工作”，对现在的 影响是“现在已准备出发了”。
6.---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A.was B. have been C. came D. am coming
―但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。
2.----I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh,not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes. A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词. buy– have borrow— keep catch ( get ) a cold – have a cold put on– wear
die— be dead
leave— be away
join– be in/be a member of
If it has stopped raining in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
Exercise: 1.When I was at college I ___ three foreign languages, but now I ___ all except a few words. of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书。
I have kept the book since last week.
I borrowed the book last week.
④ 我成为一个学生两年多了。 I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago. ⑤ Mr Black 死了三年了。 Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
Finish exercises P 34,2/P85, 3
一般过去时
过去
现在完成时
＊
现在 ★ 现在 ★ 现在
将来
过去
过去完成时
＊
将来
过去
＊
现在完成进行时
↑
现在
将来
过去
＊
＊
将来
固定句型：
1.It is /has been +段时间+since… 2.It/This is the first…time (that) sub have/ has done
我学会 了，你 呢？
⑥ 小明参军半年了。 Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.
Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
dents for ten years.
⑧下课10 分钟了。