英语学科知识与教学能力(初级中学)305
2024年教师资格考试初级中学学科知识与教学能力英语试题及答案指导
2024年教师资格考试初级中学英语学科知识与教学能力自测试题及答案指导一、单项选择题（本大题有30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1、The teacher explains the grammar rules in an interesting way to make the students better understand. Which of the following is the most suitable teaching strategy?A. DemonstrationB. DiscussionC. Guided discoveryD. Inquiry-based learning答案：D解析：本题考查教学策略。
根据题干，教师用有趣的方式讲解语法规则，使学生对知识有更好的理解。
这种教学策略是探究式学习（Inquiry-based learning），即通过学生主动探究、发现和解决问题的过程来学习知识。
A项“演示”，B项“讨论”，C项“引导发现”均不符合题意。
因此，正确答案是D。
2、When teaching the new word “environment”,the teacher uses the following sentence to help students memorize the word: “The environment is very beautiful here.” What teaching method does the teacher use here?A. RepetitionB. AssociationC. ContextualizationD. Translation答案：C解析：本题考查教学方法。
根据题干，教师在教授新词”environment”时，用句子”The environment is very beautiful here.”来帮助学生记忆。
教师资格考试初中英语学科知识与教学能力试卷与参考答案(2024年)
2024年教师资格考试初中英语学科知识与教学能力复习试卷与参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题有30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1、What is the main function of the verb “do” in the sentence “They do not like playing video games.”?A. Auxiliary verbB. Main verbC. Modal verbD. Object verb答案：A解析：In the given sentence, “do” is used as an auxiliary verb to form the negative. It helps in forming the negative present simple tense. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Auxiliary verb.2、In the following sentence, identify the subject-verb agreement error.The students, each having their own opinions, discuss the issue.A. There is no error in subject-verb agreement.B. The error is in the use of “having” instead of “have.”C. The error is in the use of “discuss” instead of “discusses.”D. The error is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.”答案：D解析：The error in the subject-verb agreement is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.” The correct form should be “students discuss” because “students” is a plural noun and requires a plural verb form. Therefore, the correct answer is D. The error is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.”3、The sentence “The book is so fascinating that I couldn’t put it down.” uses the phrase “couldn’t put it down” to express the speaker’s feeling. Which of the followi ng phrases is closest in meaning to “couldn’t put it down”?A)couldn’t stop reading itB)didn’t want to finish itC)didn’t find it interestingD)didn’t understand itAnswer: A) couldn’t stop reading itExplanation: The phrase “couldn’t put it down” is used to desc ribe the feeling of being so engaged in something that you cannot stop doing it. “couldn’t stop reading it” is the closest phrase that conveys this meaning, indicating that the speaker was so fascinated by the book that they couldn’t stop reading it.4、In the following dialogue, which sentence is an example of a yes/no question?A)“How is your family doing today?”B)“Do you have any plans for the weekend?”C)“Are you going to the party tonight?”D)“Can you help me with my homework?”Answer: C) “Are you going to the party tonight?”Explanation: A yes/no question is one that can be answered with a simple yes or no. “Are you going to the party tonight?” is a clear example of a yes/no question because it asks a direct question that can only be answered with a yes or no. The other sentences are open-ended questions that invite a more detailed response.5、In the following sentences, which one uses the correct past perfect tense?A. He had finished the project before he left the company.B. He finishes the project before he left the company.C. He finished the project after he left the company.D. He finished the project when he left the company.Answer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “A” because the past perfect tense is used to express an action that was completed before another past action. In this case, “he had finished the project” indicates that the action of finishing the project happened before he left the company.6、Choose the sentence that correctly uses the present perfect tense.A. I have just arrived at the station.B. I have arrived at the station already.C. I arrived at the station.D. I was arriving at the station when the train left.Answer: AExplanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has a present result. In this case, “I have just arrived at the station” correctly uses the present perfect tense to indicate that the action of arriving has a present result. The other options either do not use the present perfect tense or incorrectly use past simple or past continuous tense.7、The teacher is using a visual aid to help students understand the new vocabulary. Which of the following is the most appropriate visual aid for teaching the word “metropolis”?A) A map of a small townB) A picture of a skyscraperC) A graph showing population growthD) A video of a rural landscapeAnswer: B) A picture of a skyscraperExplanation: The word “metropolis” refers to a large city, often with a significant population and economic importance. A picture of a skyscraper is a visual representation of an urban environment, which would be most appropriate for teaching the word “metropolis.” The other options (A, C, D) do not directly relate to the concept of a large city.8、In a lesson on the past continuous tense, the teacher wants to elicit the correct form of the sentence “I______(watch) TV when he called me.” Whichof the following prompts is the most effective for helping students produce the correct past continuous form?A)“What was I doing when he called me?”B)“What did I do while he called me?”C)“When did I watch TV?”D)“What did I do at that time?”Answer: A) “What was I doing when he called me?”Explanation: The past continuous tense is used to describe an action that was happening at a specific point in the past. The prompt “What was I doing when he called me?” correctly elicits the past continuous form “was watching” to complete the sentence “I was watching TV when he called me.” The other options either use the simple past tense or do not fit the context of the past continuous tense.9、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If I were you, I would take the job.C) If I am you, I would take the job.D) If I be you, I would take the job.Answer: BExplanation: The correct answer is B because the subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact conditions. He re, “were” is used instead of “was” to express an imaginary situation.10、Identify the type of the sentence: “Do your homework quickly!”A) DeclarativeB) InterrogativeC) ImperativeD) ExclamatoryAnswer: CExplanation: The correct answer is C because the sentence is giving a command or making a request, which is characteristic of an imperative sentence. The use of the base form of the verb “do” along with the exclamation mark emphasizes the command.11.The teacher is using a group discussion activity to teach the students about the main idea of a text. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true in this situation?A)The teacher is encouraging students to work individually.B)The teacher is providing the main idea to the students.C)The teacher is facilitating a group discussion to identify the main idea.D)The teacher is asking students to write a summary of the text.Answer: C) The teacher is facilitating a group discussion to identify the main idea.Explanation: In this context, the teacher is using a group discussion to engage students in identifying the main idea of a text, which is an effective strategy for collaborative learning and comprehension.12.In the context of teaching a new vocabulary word, which of the following activities is most effective for helping students remember and understand the word?A)Reading the word in a sentence and moving on.B)Writing the word multiple times in a paragraph.C)Creating a visual representation of the word using drawings or symbols.D)Asking students to define the word and then use it in a sentence.Answer: D) Asking students to define the word and then use it in a sentence.Explanation: Encouraging students to define a new vocabulary word and then use it in a sentence helps reinforce understanding and retention. It also allows the teacher to assess the students’ comprehension and usage of the word.13、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If she were me, she wouldn’t go.C) If he be a doctor, he would give you advice.D) If they was here yesterday, they would have seen the accident.Answer: B) If she were me, she wouldn’t go.Explanation: The subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations. Option B correctly uses the past subjunctive form “were” to indicate a hypothetical situation.14、Identify the type of sentence that is primarily used to give instructions in an English class.A) InterrogativeB) ExclamatoryC) ImperativeD) DeclarativeAnswer: C) ImperativeExplanation: The imperative sentence is used to give commands or instructions. In an educational setting, teachers often use this type of sentence to direct students’ actions, such as “Please open your books,” or “Write down the new vocabulary.”15.The following sentence is an example of a question type that is often found in the reading comprehension section of the English exam for junior high school teachers. Which of the following is the correct question type?A. Multiple-choice questionB. True or False questionC. Short answer questionD. Matching questionAnswer: AExplanation: The question type described in the prompt is a multiple-choice question, where the examinee is presented with a question and several possible answers to choose from. This is a common format in reading comprehension sections of standardized tests.16.In the context of teaching English at the junior high level, which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping students develop their vocabulary?A. Encouraging students to memorize new words without contextB. Using flashcards to present new vocabulary itemsC. Incorporating vocabulary into context-rich texts and discussionsD. Assigning students to write essays using new vocabulary wordsAnswer: CExplanation: Incorporating vocabulary into context-rich texts and discussions is the most effective strategy for helping students develop their vocabulary. This method allows students to understand the meaning and usage of new words in a real-world context, which aids in long-term retention and practical application.17、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of communicative language teaching (CLT)?A)Focus on accuracy over fluencyB)Integration of language skillsC)Emphasis on communication competenceD)Student-centered activitiesAnswer: A) Focus on accuracy over fluencyExplanation: Communicative Language Teaching emphasizes fluency and the ability to communicate effectively in real-life situations. While accuracy is important, it is not prioritized over fluency in CLT. The approach advocates for an integrated skills approach where speaking, listening, reading, and writing are developed together, focusing on communication competence and often employing student-centered activities.18、In the context of vo cabulary acquisition, what does the term “depth of processing” refer to?A)The number of times a word needs to be repeated to be memorizedB)The intensity and cognitive effort involved in learning new vocabularyC)The frequency of encountering a word in different contextsD)The depth at which words are printed in a textbookAnswer: B) The intensity and cognitive effort involved in learning new vocabularyExplanation: Depth of processing theory suggests that the level of mental engagement with new information affects how well it is remembered. In vocabulary acquisition, deeper processing involves more than just repetition or surface-level exposure; it includes engaging with the word in meaningful ways that require cognitive effort, such as through use in sentences or association with images or experiences. This deeper engagement tends to lead to better retention and understanding of new vocabulary.19.In a primary school English class, the teacher wants to introduce a new topic about seasons. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to engage the students in learning about the seasons?A. Reading a short story about a character traveling through different seasons.B. Singing a song about the changes in the weather during different seasons.C. Conducting a science experiment to demonstrate the changes in the Earth’s tilt.D. Showing a documentary film about the different climates around the world.Answer: BExplanation: Singing a song about the changes in the weather duringdifferent seasons would be the most engaging and interactive way to introduce the topic of seasons to primary school students. It allows them to learn through music and movement, which is both fun and educational.20.When designing a lesson plan for teaching the past continuous tense, which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective for a group of middle school students?A. Using a lot of vocabulary exercises and translation tasks.B. Presenting a detailed grammar explanation followed by a series of exercises.C. Creating a scenario where students can act out events that were happening in the past.D. Showing a video clip of a story that is narrated entirely in the past continuous tense.Answer: CExplanation: Creating a scenario where students can act out events that were happening in the past is an excellent teaching strategy for teaching the past continuous tense. It allows students to visualize and experience the language in a real-life context, which aids in their understanding and retention of the tense.21、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If he were me, he will do it differently.B) If I was the teacher, I would change the curriculum.C) If she were here, she knows what to do.D) If they were smarter, they would have passed the exam.Answer: D) If they were smarter, they would have passed the exam. Explanation: The correct answer is D because it uses the past unreal conditional (were smarter) along with the conditional perfect (would have passed) to indicate an impossible or highly unlikely condition in the past.22、Identify the type of sentence used in the following example: “Watch out for that dog!”A) DeclarativeB) InterrogativeC) ExclamatoryD) ImperativeAnswer: D) ImperativeExplanation: The correct answer is D because the sentence “Watch out for that dog!” is giving a command or making a request, which is characteristic of an imperative sentence.23.The teacher is introducing a new vocabulary word to the students. Which of the following strategies is most suitable for explaining the word “vulnerable” to the middle school students?A)Presenting the word in a sentence and having students infer its meaning.B)Providing a definition and using synonyms to help students understand the word.C)Drawing a picture that visually represents the word.D)Asking students to give examples of the word in their own sentences.Explanation: B) is the most suitable strategy because providing a definition and using synonyms can help students understand the meaning of the word “vulnerable” in a clearerand more concrete way. This method allows them to build their vocabulary and understandthe word within the context of the language.24.In a middle school English class, the teacher wants to assess the students’ comprehension of a short story. Which of the following assessment methods would be most effective?A)Giving a multiple-choice quiz at the end of the lesson.B)Asking students to write a summary of the story.C)Conducting a group discussion on the characters and themes of the story.D)Having students create a poster depicting the main events of the story.Answer: C)Explanation: C) is the most effective assessment method because it promotes active learning and encourages students to engage with the story’s content. Group discussions allow students to express their thoughts, share ideas, and develop critical thinking skills. This method also provides the teacher with insights into how well the students have comprehended the story’s characters and themes.25、Which of the following sentences correctly uses the subjunctive mood?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If I were you, I would take the job.C) If I am you, I would take the job.D) If I be you, I would take the job.Explanation: The correct sentence is “If I were you, I would take the job.” This sentence uses the subjunctive mood with “were” to expr ess a hypothetical situation that is contrary to fact. The subjunctive mood is used here because it’s impossible for someone to literally be another person, making this a hypothetical condition.26、Identify the type of clause in the following sentence:“Even though she was tired, she finished her homework.”A) Independent clauseB) Dependent clauseC) Relative clauseD) Noun clauseAnswer: BExplanation: In the sentence “Even though she was tired, she finished her homework,” “Even though she was tired” is a dependent clause because it cannot stand alone as a complete thought. It provides additional information but relies on the main (independent) clause “she finished her homework” to convey a complete meaning. The dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction “even though,” which introduces a condition or contrast to the main action in the independent clause.27.What is the main function of a vocabulary list in the context of teaching English to初中 students?A. To assess the students’ understanding of grammar rules.B. To encourage students to engage in oral communication.C. To provide a list of essential vocabulary words that will be covered in the course.D. To introduce new cultural topics for classroom discussions.Answer: CExplanation: A vocabulary list in the context of teaching English to初中 students primarily serves to provide a structured list of essential vocabulary words that will be covered throughout the course. This helps students to focus on and learn the key terms they need to be familiar with in order to understand and participate effectively in class discussions and tasks.28.In a lesson about the past perfect tense, which of the following sentence structures is most appropriate for illustrating its usage?A. “I had finished my homework before my mother came back from work.”B. “I finished my homework because my mother came back from work.”C. “I will finish my homework if my mother comes back from work.”D. “I was finishing my homework when my mother came back from work.”Answer: AExplanation: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action. Therefore, the sentence “I had finished my homework before my mother came back from work.” accurately illustrates the usage of the past perfect tense, as it shows that the homework was completedbefore the mother came back. The other options do not correctly demonstrate the past perfect tense structure.29、Which of the following activities is most suitable for developing studen ts’ speaking skills in a communicative way?A)Reading a passage aloudB)Reciting a poem from memoryC)Engaging in a role-play conversationD)Listening to an audio recording and answering questionsAnswer: C) Engaging in a role-play conversationExplanation: Role-playing encourages spontaneous and interactive communication, which is essential for the development of speaking skills. It allows students to practice using language in a context that simulates real-life situations, thus improving their fluency, pronunciation, and ability to use appropriate language in different social contexts. While options A, B, and D may also contribute to language learning, they do not specifically focus on the interactive and communicative aspects of speaking as effectively as role-plays do.30、When designing a lesson plan, what is the primary purpose of includinga variety of assessment methods?A)To reduce the workload of grading for the teacherB)To cater to different learning styles and needs of studentsC)To make the lesson more interesting and engagingD)To ensure that the lesson covers all the required materialAnswer: B) To cater to different learning styles and needs of studentsExplanation: Incorporating a variety of assessment methods in a lesson plan is important because it helps to address the diverse ways in which students learn and demonstrate their understanding. This approach acknowledges that students have different strengths and preferences when it comes to showing what they know, and it can help to provide a more accurate and comprehensive picture of each student’s abilities. Options A, C, and D, while they may be secondary benefits, do not capture the main educational rationale for using varied assessments, which is to accommodate individual differences among learners.二、简答题（20分）Question: How can teachers effectively integrate technology into their English language teaching to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes?Answer:1.Utilize educational technology tools and platforms such as interactive whiteboards, digital learning management systems, and educational apps to create interactive lessons that engage students in different learning styles.2.Incorporate multimedia resources such as videos, podcasts, and online articles to provide a uthentic language experiences and stimulate students’ curiosity.3.Design and implement online collaborative projects and group activities that encourage students to work together and communicate in English, promotingcommunication skills and teamwork.e language learning software and apps that offer personalized learning experiences, allowing students to progress at their own pace and providing immediate feedback.5.Integrate technology-based formative and summative assessments to monitor students’ pro gress and identify areas for improvement.6.Provide opportunities for students to create digital content, such as presentations, videos, or blogs, to enhance their writing, speaking, and listening skills.7.Utilize educational websites and online forums to expose students to a wider range of English language materials and encourage them to practice English outside the classroom.8.Continuously update one’s knowledge and skills in using educational technology through professional development and online courses.Explanation:Integrating technology into English language teaching can have several positive effects on student engagement and learning outcomes. By incorporating educational technology tools and platforms, teachers can create interactive and engaging lessons that cater to different learning styles, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective. Using multimedia resources helps students gain authentic language experiences and stimulates their curiosity, making the learning process more meaningful. Online collaborative projects and groupactivities foster communication skills and teamwork, which are essential for language learning. Language learning software and apps provide personalized learning experiences, allowing students to progress at their own pace and receive immediate feedback. Formative and summative assessments using technology help teachers monitor students’ progress and identify areas for improvement. Encouraging students to create digital content enhances their writing, speaking, and listening skills. Lastly, utilizing educational websites and online forums exposes students to a wider range of English language materials, promoting continuous learning outside the classroom. Continuous professional development in educational technology is crucial for teachers to keep up with the latest trends and technologies in language teaching.三、教学情境分析题（30分）Question:A middle school teacher is planning a unit on “Hobbies and Interests” for her Grade 8 English class. The class consists of 25 students, with a mix of beginner, intermediate, and advanced learners. The teacher has observed that the students have varying levels of engagement and motivation in English classes. The school has provided a set of multimedia resources, including videos, audio clips, and interactive websites, to support the teaching of this unit.1.Analyze the learning needs of the students in the class.2.Describe how the teacher can utilize the multimedia resources effectivelyto cater to different learning styles and levels.3.Explain how formative and summative assessments can be integrated into the teaching and learning process for this unit.Answer:1.Learning Needs of the Students:•Beginner Level: Students at this level may have difficulty with basic vocabulary and sentence structures related to hobbies and interests. They might struggle to understand and produce simple sentences in English.•Intermediate Level: These students can understand and use some vocabulary and grammar related to the topic but may still need support with more complex structures and advanced vocabulary.•Advanced Level: Students at this level should be able to express their opinions on hobbies and interests fluently and accurately, using a variety of vocabulary and grammar structures.2.Utilizing Multimedia Resources:•For Beginner Level: The teacher can use simple videos and audio clips to introduce new vocabulary and phrases related to hobbies and interests.Interactive websites can be used to practice basic sentence structures and vocabulary through games and exercises.•For Intermediate Level: The teacher can use more complex videos and audio clips that include different accents and vocabulary. Interactive websites can provide more challenging exercises and activities, such as quizzes and discussions.•For Advanced Level: The teacher can use videos and audio clips that require deeper analysis and discussion. Interactive websites can offer moreadvanced activities, such as debates and research projects.3.Formative and Summative Assessments:•Formative Assessments: These can be integrated into the teaching process through activities such as:•Class discussions on hobbies and interests, where students can share their own experiences and opinions.•Quizzes and exercises using interactive websites and multimedia resources to practice vocabulary and grammar.•Peer assessments, where students can provide feedback on each other’s work.•Summative Assessments: These can be conducted at the end of the unit through:• A written test that includes multiple-choice questions, true/false statements, and short answer questions.•An oral presentation or debate on a chosen hobby or interest, where students can demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the topic.• A project that combines different skills, such as writing a report on a hobby, creating a poster, or preparing a presentation.Explanation:The analysis of the students’ learning needs is essential for the teacher to create an inclusive and effective lesson plan. By utilizing the multimediaresources effectively, the teacher can cater to different learning styles and levels, ensuring that all students can engage with the material. Integrating both formative and summative assessments will help the teacher monitor the progress of each student and provide feedback that can be used to improve future lessons.四、教学设计题（40分）Question: Design a lesson plan for a 45-minute English class for Grade 8 students. The topic of the lesson is “Traveling Abroad.” The lesson should include vocabulary building, reading comprehension, and speaking activities.Lesson Plan:I. Introduction (5 minutes)•Objective: To introduce the topic of traveling abroad and create an interest in the lesson.•Activities:•Teacher shows a few images of famous landmarks from different countries.•Students share their favorite travel destinations and why.II.Vocabulary Building (10 minutes)•Objective: To introduce and practice new vocabulary related to traveling.•Activities:•Teacher presents new words on the board (e.g., backpack, passport, luggage, sightseeing, etc.).。
初中英语学科知识与教学能力
初中英语学科知识与教学能力
摘要：
1.初中英语学科知识概述
2.初中英语教学能力概述
3.学科知识与教学能力的结合
4.提升初中英语教学效果的方法
正文：
【1】初中英语学科知识概述
初中英语学科知识是指初中英语教师所需具备的英语语言知识、英语文化知识以及英语教学理论知识。
这些知识是初中英语教师进行有效教学的基础。
【2】初中英语教学能力概述
初中英语教学能力是指教师在教学过程中运用学科知识，设计并实施教学活动，评价学生学习成果的能力。
教学能力是教师实现教学目标，提高学生学习效果的关键。
【3】学科知识与教学能力的结合
学科知识是教学能力的基础，而教学能力是学科知识的运用。
一名优秀的初中英语教师应当充分整合自己的学科知识，发挥教学能力，以实现教学目标。
在此基础上，教师还需不断学习，充实自己的学科知识，提高教学能力。
【4】提升初中英语教学效果的方法
1.深入研究初中英语学科知识，提高自身英语水平。
2.学习并掌握教学理论知识，如教育教学理念、教学方法等。
3.结合学科知识，设计富有创意和实用性的教学活动，激发学生学习兴趣。
4.关注学生个体差异，调整教学策略，实现因材施教。
5.完善评价机制，多元化评价学生学习成果，提高学生学习动力。
综上，作为一名初中英语教师，应当重视学科知识与教学能力的融合，不断学习与反思，以提高教学效果。
初级中学教师资格考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》历年真题及解析
初级中学教师资格考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》历年真题及解析一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）（在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
）1.The similarity between the English consonants/p/,/b/,and/m/is that they are all_____.A．fricativeB．plosiveC．labial-dentalD．bilabial【答案】D【解析】根据发音部位，辅音/p/,/b/,/m/都属于双唇音（bilabial），即通过下唇和上唇形成阻碍发出声音。
2.Which of the following is a back vowel in English?A．/ə:/B．/ɔ:/C．/ʌ/D．/e/【答案】B【解析】题意为：下面哪个是英语中的后元音？A项，/ə:/属于中元音。
B项，/ɔ:/属于后元音。
C项，/ʌ/比较特殊，发此音时舌头的最高位置偏中后，所以有的分类系统会把它归为中元音，也有的把它归为后元音。
D项，/e/属于前元音。
3.There is only one playground slide in this school,so the students have to take_____to use it.A．turnsB．the turnsC．a turnD．the turn【答案】A【解析】take turns to do sth是固定搭配，意为“轮流做某事”。
题意为：这所学校只有一个操场滑梯，所以学生们只能轮流使用它。
4.Out of everyone’s expectation,Johnson suddenly returned_____a rainy night.A．atB．inC．onD．during【答案】C【解析】表示时间常用的介词有at,in,on,during等。
(完整版)英语学科知识及教学能力
英语学科知识与教学能力第一部分：语言知识与能力第一章：英语语言基础知识第二章：语言学与英语教学第一节：语言学机器与英语教学的相关基本概念一、语言学的基本概念：(一)、语言学：语言学就是把语言作为研究对象的一个领域或一门学科。
(二)、普通与杨学与应用语言学普通语言学（Linguistics）是对人类语言的看法和研究结果的理论概括，是研究与样的本质、发展和起源的类型和分类的语言学分支学科。
应用语言学（Applied Linguistics）是研究语言在各个领域中实际应用的语言分支。
边缘学科：社会语言学（Sociolinguistics）、心理语言学（Psycholinguistics）、生理语言学(Physiological Phonetics)、计算机语言学(Computational Linguistics)、语体学（Stylistics）、信息论(Information Theory)、词典学(Lexicography)、翻译(Translation)、言语病理学(Speech Pathology)、言语矫治(Speech Therapy)。
(三)规定语言学（Prescriptive Linguistics）与描写语言学（Descriptive Linguistics）(四)历时语言学（Diachronic Linguistics）与共时语言学（Synchronic Linguistics）(五)口语与文字(六)语言和言语：语言（Langue）是一套音义结合的符号系统，一个语言集团所共有的语言系统；言语（Parole）则是人们运用语言这种工具进行交际的过程或结果，指说话者在具体的场合下可能说出或理解的具体话语。
(七)语言能力与语言行为二、外语教学中的基本概念（一）对比分析（Contrastive Analysis）1、认定语言时间的异同2、降低学习的难度3、决定教学重点4、预测错误的发生（二）错误分析1、负迁移（negative transfer）指语言教学中，母语模式妨碍学生学习外语的模式。
2023年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试备考题库附答案(后附)
2023年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试备考题库附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) → ←the weather, the sports meeting will be held on time.A. In favor ofB. Regardless ofC. Apart fromD. Due to正确答案：B,2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Some teachers teach reading by introducing new vocabulary and structure first and then going over the text sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph with the students. This way is known as→ ←.A. top-down modelB. bottom-up modelC. interactive modelD. integrative model正确答案：B,3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Our research has focused on a drug which is so→ ←as to be able to change brain chemistry.A. powerfulB. influentialC. monstrousD. vigorous正确答案：A,4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Being a direct relative of the deceased, her claim to the estate was_____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. legitimateD. prominent正确答案：C,5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Excuse me. Could you tell me→ ←?—Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs正确答案：B,6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are some speaking activities. Which of the following mainly focuses on the form and accuracy?→←A. controlled activitiesB. semi-controlled activitiesC. communicative activitiesD. problem-solving activities正确答案：A,7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in condition is→ ←.A. morphologyB. general linguisticsC. phonologyD. semantics正确答案：A,8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To the scientists’ delight, their efforts have increased people’s ______ of the importance of saving water.A. awarenessB. commitmentC. agreementD. response正确答案：A,9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ helps students facilitate their process of accumulating vocabulary，broadening scope of vision, and increasing target language exposure.A. ScanningB. Extensive readingC. SkimmingD. Intensive reading正确答案：D,10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.A. BeowulfB. Sir Gawain and the green knightC. The Canterbury taleD. King Arthur and his knights正确答案：A,11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The most typical type of post-listening task is→ ←.A. answering questionsB. multiple-choice questionsC. note-talkingD. gap-filling正确答案：B,12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Because it was too dark at night, I could see→ ←people on the street.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little正确答案：A,13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. A lousy youth, a lazy age.B. Practice makes perfect.C. Love me, love my dog.D. Do as the Romans do.正确答案：A,14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small sourceof disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. The first games for the disabled were held→ ←after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years正确答案：D,15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The process of perceiving others is rarely translated(to ourselves or others)into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.”More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpointhis or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore,we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly--perhaps witha two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responsesare called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observethe person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the penson about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-question, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keepus from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e.g. secrets and deceptions)maybe just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things enableus to obtain accurate knowledge about a person(e.g. disclosures and truthful statement). There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are→ ←.A. disclosuresB. deceptionsC. stimuliD. interactions正确答案：B,16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The word “motel” comes from “motor-hotel” .This is anexample of_in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym正确答案：C,17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be adopted at the pre-reading activity?→ ←A. rearranging the materialsB. brainstorming the topicC. writing a similar textD. giving summary and comment正确答案：B,18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Unfortunately, the new edition of dictionary is→ ←in all major bookshops.A. out of reachB. out of stockC. out of businessD. out of season正确答案：B,19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which is an indispensable part of a syllable?→ ←A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak正确答案：C,20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.正确答案：C,21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I regretted what I have done.—→ ←gone is gone.→ ←no use regretting it any more.A. What's; That'sB. It's; That'sC. What's; It'sD. That's; It's正确答案：C,22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We only had $100 and that was→ ←to buy a newcomputer.A. nowhere near enoughB. near enough nowhereC. enough near nowhereD. near nowhere enough正确答案：A,23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is bom with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is whathappens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is brought up. if an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the ease history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. This selection can best be titled→ ←.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence正确答案：B,24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-listening activity?______A. Writing a similar text.B. Discussing a relevant picture.C. Writing questions about the topic.D. Associating vocabulary with the topic.正确答案：A,25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The Olympic Games was being televised→ ←from Los Angeles.A. aliveB. liveC. livelyD. life正确答案：B,26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that shedid forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—aphoto of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. The underl ined word “gulf” in the passage means→ ←.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. different ideas between the mother and the daughterC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land正确答案：B,27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) They have left New York→ ←good; they'll never goback and live there again.A. forB. atC. byD. in正确答案：A,28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is not an interactive activity?→ ←A. Looking at the picture below and discussing the questions with your partner.B. Listening to the tape again and retelling the story with the filled chart.C. Discussing the following questions in group.D. Asking another group to give you some advice on improving your work.正确答案：B,29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Many a customer→ ←about the poor quality of the washing machines.A. complainsB. complainC. are complainingD. have complained正确答案：A,30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the teacher doing by saying "Who wants to have a try"?→←A. Controlling discipline.B. Giving prompt.C. Evaluating students' work.D. Directing students' attention to the lesson.正确答案：B,31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?_______A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.正确答案：B,32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day which we don’t have to work. This is an example of→ ←.A. meaning shiftB. widening of meaningC. narrowing of meaningD. loss of meaning正确答案：B,33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which hadbeen used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastichad to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter,less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to tryand make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problemhere is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Plastic containers for holding food in the same way ascans→←.A. have been used for many yearsB. are an idea that interests the plastics companiesC. are possible, but only for hot foodD. are the first things being made in the new factories正确答案：B,34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?—→ ←，does it?A. It takes no timeB. It counts for nothingC. It doesn’t hurt to askD. It doesn’t make sense正确答案：C,35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —John, when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?—→ ←. I'll be off to London then.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None正确答案：B,36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following belongs to learning outcomes?→ ←A. role-playsB. sequencing picturesC. surveysD. worksheets正确答案：C,37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) He stepped aside→ ←pass.A. so as let meB. in order let meC. so as to let me toD. in order for me to正确答案：D,38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the act that speaks louder than words. The passage shows that→ ←.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother eared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words正确答案：A,39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to list as many ways as they can to tell someone to open the door and list the possible function of a sentence in different contents, he/she is probably trying to highlight______.A. the potential meaning of a sentenceB. different realizations of the same functionC. the relationship between form and functionD. different ways getting people to do the same thing正确答案：C,40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf. It stood outside a furniture shop. "Buy it," she said at once, "we’ll carry it home on the roof- rack(车顶架). I've always wanted one like that. " What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied onto the roof rack. It was tall and narrow, quite heavy too. As it was getting darker, I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea. After a time my wife said, "There's a long line of cars behind, why don't they overtake(超车)?" Just at that time a police car did overtake, the two officers(警官)inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then, with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic, the police car stopped at our village church(教堂). One of the officers came to me. "Right，sir," he said. "Do you need any more help now?" I didn't quite understand. "Thanks, officer," I said. "You've been very kind. I live just down the road. " He was looking at our things: first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. "Well, well," he said and laughed. "It's a bookshelf you've got there! We thought it was, or something else." My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. "Yes, it's a bookshelf, but thanks again. " I drove home as fast as I could. From the story we know that→ ←.A. the writer was poor and didn’t buy the bookshelf for his wifeB. the writer's wife didn’t like the bookshelf at allC. the writer was always glad to buy something for his wifeD. the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife正确答案：D,41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Around the world more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Now, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your feet. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping includes jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people’s lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in quite safe conditions: they buy food in shops, and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. Of the risky activities, bungee jumping→ ←.A. offers an immediate excitementB. is a fashionC. makes one relaxedD. makes one brave正确答案：A,42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Robert discovered that the company was engaged in dishonest business, he immediately→ ← all connections with it .A. offsetB. separatedC. severedD. vanquished正确答案：C,43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. No cross, no crown.B. No pains, no gains.C. No sweat without sweet.D. No smoke without fire.正确答案：C,44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Many a boy→ ←playing basketball.A. likesB. likeC. to likeD. have like正确答案：A,45.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities is the most suitable for group work?→ ←A. Guessing game.B. Story telling.C. Information-gap.D. Drama performance.正确答案：D,46.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are many different ways of presenting grammar in the classroom. Among them, three are most frequently used and discussed. Which one does not belong to them?→ ←A. deductive methodB. inductive methodC. guided discovery methodD. productive method正确答案：D,47.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景)is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient timesthrough the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the hack: ground. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw realityin brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. What is the author's opinion of ar tistic reality?→ ←A. It will not be found in future works of art.B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.D. It is lacking in modem works of art.正确答案：B,48.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors down, outside th e home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” M arcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot teen sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himselfin a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t re spond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.。
(完整版)初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点
(完整版)初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点一、学科知识重点1. 英语词汇：学生需要掌握常用单词、短语和固定搭配，建议使用词汇图表和词汇卡片进行记忆和巩固。
2. 语法知识：学生需要掌握基本的句型结构、时态、语态和复合句的使用方法。
教师可以通过练、讲解和示范句子使用来帮助学生掌握。
3. 阅读理解：培养学生阅读理解能力是英语学科的重要目标。
学生需要通过阅读各种类型的文本，进行细节、推理和主旨等层次的理解。
4. 听力理解：学生需要通过听取英语材料来提高听力理解能力。
教师可以利用录音和多媒体设备进行听力训练，让学生熟悉各种不同的语音和语速。
5. 口语交际：学生需要进行日常生活及情景对话练，提高口语表达能力。
教师可以设计各种情境对话，让学生进行真实的口语交流。
二、教学能力重点1. 教学方法：教师应根据学生的不同特点和学科知识的复杂性，采用灵活多样的教学方法，例如讲授、练、小组合作等，以促进学生的积极参与和主动研究。
2. 课堂管理：教师需要具备良好的课堂管理能力，包括制定并执行课堂纪律、组织合作研究活动、关注学生的情感需求等，以创设积极、和谐的研究氛围。
3. 评价与反馈：教师需要及时进行学生研究情况的评价，并给予具体的反馈和指导。
评价方式可以包括口头反馈、书面评价和小组评价等，以帮助学生改进研究效果。
4. 激发学生的研究兴趣：教师应鼓励学生通过多样化的研究任务和活动来培养研究兴趣，例如利用游戏、音乐和影视资源等，激发学生的主动研究意愿。
5. 积极引导学生自主研究：教师应培养学生的研究能力和自主研究能力，例如教授研究方法、培养学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力，从而使学生能够独立进行研究和思考。
以上是初中英语学科知识与教学能力的主要重点。
教师应尽力帮助学生掌握学科知识，培养学生的学习能力和自主学习能力，以便学生能够在学科学习中取得更好的成绩。
希望本文档能对教师们在教学实践中有所帮助。
教师资格全国统考《英语学科知识与教学能力》(初级中学)
教师资格全国统考《英语学科知识与教学能力》（初级中学）一、考试目标1．英语学科知识与能力具有扎实的英语语言基础知识和语言能力；具备从事初中英语教学所需要的英语语言能力；能理解有关英语国家的语言、历史和文化等相关知识。
2．英语学科教学知识与能力掌握外语教学基本理论、英语教学专业知识与国家英语课程标准内容等学科教学知识，并能用以指导初中英语教学。
3．英语学科教学设计能力能够根据英语学科特点，针对初中学生的认知特点、语言水平和学习需要选择并设计合理的教学内容，形成完整合理的教学方案。
4．英语学科教学实施能力理解初中英语课堂教学实施的基本原则和方法，具备实施语言课堂教学的基本能力；能够根据教学设计，结合教学实际情况，采用恰当的教学手段，引导学生进行有效学习。
5．英语学科教学评价知识与能力了解初中英语课堂教学评价的基本知识和方法，能够对学生的语言学习进行恰当的评价；了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的课堂教学实践进行反思，提出改进的思路。
二、考试模块内容与要求（一）语言知识与能力1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
（二）语言教学知识与能力1．了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。
2．理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。
3．掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
4．掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
B．near the 42nd street
C．in the middle between 48th and 42nd streets
（1）If you want to see the flag of the People’s Republic of China in front of the UN headquarters, you would most probably find it ________.
A．near the 48th street
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
（二）语言教学知识与能力
1．了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。
3．英语学科教学设计能力
能够根据英语学特点，针对初中学生的认知特点、语言水平和学习需要选择并设计合理的教学内容，形成完整合理的教学方案。
4．英语学科教学实施能力
理解初中英语课堂教学实施的基本原则和方法，具备实施语言课堂教学的基本能力；能够根据教学设计，结合教学实际情况，采用恰当的教学手段，引导学生进行有效学习。
The Peace Bell and other sculptures, as well as paintings and murals inside the buildings, create an impression of grandeur and dignity, reflecting the importance of the work being done at the United Nations.
4．能够根据教学目标创设相关的教学情景，设计有效的教学活动，安排合理的教学过程，筛选适当的辅助教学材料。
5．能够根据教学内容和教学过程，设计有效的学习评估活动。
（四）教学实施与评价
1．掌握英语课堂教学的基本步骤与方法，能够创设教学情景，激发学习动机，引导学生参与语言学习活动。
2．掌握指导学生学习的方法和策略，能依据英语学科和学生的特点，根据教学实际情况，恰当地运用语言讲解、练习、提问、反馈等方法，帮助学生有效学习。
Taking a guided tour is the only way for visitors to see the inside of the UN Headquarters. Tours are led by professional guides representing all the member nations and are conducted in many different languages. Visitors taking a tour see exhibits, various council chambers, and the General Assembly Hall. If their timing is good, they might even see a council meeting in session.
6．了解形成性评价和终结性评价的知识与方法，并在初中英语教学中合理运用。
7．了解教学案例评析的基本方法，能够对教学案例进行评价。
8．了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的教学过程进行反思并提出改进思路。
三、试卷结构
模块
比例
题型
语言知识与能力
27%
单项选择题
语言教学知识与能力
27%
单项选择题
简答题
The UN Headquarters site is international territory owned by the member nations. It has its own security force, fire department, and postal service. The postal service issues stamps that can only be mailed from the Headquarters; tourists often mail postcards bearing these stamps.
教学设计
27%
教学设计题
教学实施与评价
19%
教学情境分析题
合计
100%
单项选择题：约40%非选择题：约60%
四、题型示例
I．语言知识与能力
1．单项选择题（语言知识）
（1）It was very ________ of him to wait for us.
A．considerableB．considering
The United Nations Headquarters displays many beautiful and meaningful works of art created specially for its halls and chambers. Sculptures and statues donated by member nations adorn the grounds of the complex. One sculpture, the Japanese Peace Bell, was made from the metal of coins collected from 60 different countries. Japan presented the bell to the United Nations in 1954, and it is rung every year on September 21, the International Day of Peace.
2．理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。
3．掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
4．掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。
5．能结合中外社会文化语境，设计并实施英语知识和技能的教学与训练。
（三）教学设计
1．了解初中学生的认知特点、已有的英语知识、语言能力和学习需求，能够说明教学内容与学生已学知识之间的联系。
2．理解课程标准的目标要求，能够根据学生的特点选择恰当的教学内容。
3．能够根据教学内容和学生特点设定合理、明确与具体的教学目标。
5．英语学科教学评价知识与能力
了解初中英语课堂教学评价的基本知识和方法，能够对学生的语言学习进行恰当的评价；了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的课堂教学实践进行反思，提出改进的思路。
二、考试模块内容与要求
（一）语言知识与能力
1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
C．considerateD．considered
（2）________ from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.
A．SeeingB．Having seen
C．SeenD．To see
2．单项选择题（阅读理解）
Every year hundreds of thousands of visitors to New York City go to see the United Nations Headquarters in midtown Manhattan. The 18-acre site includes four buildings – the Secretariat, the General Assembly, the Conference building, and the Dag Hammarskjold Library. The United Nations (UN) currently has 192 members, and the flags of those nations line the plaza in front of the General Assembly Hall and Secretariat. The row of flags, displayed in English alphabetical order, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, stretches from 48th Street to 42nd Street.
《英语学科知识与教学能力》（初级中学）
一、考试目标
1．英语学科知识与能力
具有扎实的英语语言基础知识和语言能力；具备从事初中英语教学所需要的英语语言能力；能理解有关英语国家的语言、历史和文化等相关知识。
2．英语学科教学知识与能力
掌握外语教学基本理论、英语教学专业知识与国家英语课程标准内容等学科教学知识，并能用以指导初中英语教学。