第十届翻译竞赛原文文档
翻译竞赛英译汉参赛原文
翻译竞赛英译汉参赛原文Africa on the Silk RoadThe Dark Continent, the Birthplace of Humanity . . . Africa. All of the lands south and west of the Kingdom of Egypt have for far too long been lumped into one cultural unit by westerners, when in reality, nothing could be further from the truth. Africa is not one mysterious, impenetrable land as the legacy of the nineteenth Century European explorers suggests, it is rather an immensely varied patchwork of peoples that can be changed not only by region and country but b y nature‟s way of separating people – by rivers and lakes and by mountain ranges and deserts. A river or other natural barrier may separate two groups of people who interact, but who rarely intermarry, because they perceive the people on the other side to be “different” from them.Africa played an important part in Silk Road trade from antiquity through modern times when much of the Silk Road trade was supplanted by European corporate conglomerates like the Dutch and British East India Companies who created trade monopolies to move goods around the Old World instead. But in the heyday of the Silk Road, merchants travelled to Africa to trade for rare timbers, gold, ivory, exotic animals and spices. From ports along the Mediterranean and Red Seas to those as far south asMogadishu and Kenya in the Indian Ocean, goods from all across the continent were gathered for the purposes of trade.One of Africa‟s contributions to world cuisine that is still widely used today is sesame seeds. Imagine East Asian food cooked in something other than its rich sesame oil, how about the quintessential American-loved Chinese dish, General Tso‟s Chicken? How …bout the rich, thick tahini paste enjoyed from the Levant and Middle East through South and Central Asia and the Himalayas as a flavoring for foods (hummus, halva) and stir-fries, and all of the breads topped with sesame or poppy seeds? Then think about the use of black sesame seeds from South Asian through East Asian foods and desserts. None of these cuisines would have used sesame in these ways, if it hadn‟t been for the trade of sesame seeds from Africa in antiquity.Given the propensity of sesame plants to easily reseed themselves, the early African and Arab traders probably acquired seeds from native peoples who gathered wild seeds. The seeds reached Egypt, the Middle East and China by 4,000 –5,000 years ago as evidenced from archaeological investigations, tomb paintings and scrolls. Given the eager adoption of the seeds by other cultures and the small supply, the cost per pound was probably quite high and merchants likely made fortunes offthe trade.Tamarind PodsThe earliest cultivation of sesame comes from India in the Harappan period of the Indus Valley by about 3500 years ago and from then on, India began to supplant Africa as a source of the seeds in global trade. By the time of the Romans, who used the seeds along with cumin to flavor bread, the Indian and Persian Empires were the main sources of the seeds.Another ingredient still used widely today that originates in Africa is tamarind. Growing as seed pods on huge lace-leaf trees, the seeds are soaked and turned into tamarind pulp or water and used to flavor curries and chutneys in Southern and South Eastern Asia, as well as the more familiar Worcestershire and barbeque sauces in the West. Eastern Africans use Tamarind in their curries and sauces and also make a soup out of the fruits that is popular in Zimbabwe. Tamarind has been widely adopted in the New World as well as is usually blended with sugar for a sweet and sour treat wrapped in corn husk as a pulpy treat or also used as syrup to flavor sodas, sparkling waters and even ice cream.Some spices of African origin that were traded along the Silk Road have become extinct. One such example can be found in wild silphion whichwas gathered in Northern Africa and traded along the Silk Road to create one of the foundations of the wealth of Carthage and Kyrene. Cooks valued the plant because of the resin they gathered from its roots and stalk that when dried became a powder that blended the flavors of onion and garlic. It was impossible for these ancient people to cultivate, however, and a combination of overharvesting, wars and habitat loss cause the plant to become extinct by the end of the first or second centuries of the Common Era. As supplies of the resin grew harder and harder to get, it was supplanted by asafetida from Central Asia.Other spices traded along the Silk Road are used almost exclusively in African cuisines today – although their use was common until the middle of the first millennium in Europe and Asia. African pepper, Moor pepper or negro pepper is one such spice. Called kieng in the cuisines of Western Africa where it is still widely used, it has a sharp flavor that is bitter and flavorful at the same time –sort of like a combination of black pepper and nutmeg. It also adds a bit of heat to dishes for a pungent taste. Its use extends across central Africa and it is also found in Ethiopian cuisines. When smoked, as it often is in West Africa before use, this flavor deepens and becomes smoky and develops a black cardamom-like flavor. By the middle of the 16th Century, the use and trade of negro pepper in Europe, Western and Southern Asia had waned in favor of black pepper importsfrom India and chili peppers from the New World.Traditional Chinese ShipGrains of paradise, Melegueta pepper, or alligator pepper is another Silk Road Spice that has vanished from modern Asian and European food but is still used in Western and Northern Africa and is an important cash crop in some areas of Ethiopia. Native to Africa‟s West Coast its use seems to have originated in or around modern Ghana and was shipped to Silk Road trade in Eastern Africa or to Mediterranean ports. Fashionable in the cuisines of early Renaissance Europe its use slowly waned until the 18th Century when it all but vanished from European markets and was supplanted by cardamom and other spices flowing out of Asia to the rest of the world.The trade of spices from Africa to the rest of the world was generally accomplished by a complex network of merchants working the ports and cities of the Silk Road. Each man had a defined, relatively bounded territory that he traded in to allow for lots of traders to make a good living moving goods and ideas around the world along local or regional. But occasionally, great explorers accomplished the movement of goods across several continents and cultures.Although not African, the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He deserves special mention as one of these great cultural diplomats and entrepreneurs. In the early 15th Century he led seven major sea-faring expeditions from China across Indonesia and several Indian Ocean ports to Africa. Surely, Chinese ships made regular visits to Silk Road ports from about the 12th Century on, but when Zheng came, he came leading huge armadas of ships that the world had never seen before and wouldn‟t see again for several centuries. Zheng came in force, intending to display China‟s greatness to the world and bring the best goods from the rest of the world back to China. Zheng came eventually to Africa where he left laden with spices for cooking and medicine, wood and ivory and hordes of animals. It may be hard for us who are now accustomed to the world coming on command to their desktops to imagine what a miracle it must have been for the citizens of Nanjing to see the parade of animals from Zheng‟s cultural Ark. But try we must to imagine the wonder brought by the parade of giraffes, zebra and ostriches marching down Chinese streets so long ago –because then we can begin to imagine the importance of the Silk Road in shaping the world.。
中国传统文化及中医药文化翻译大赛大赛试题汉译英及参考译文
汉译英一阴一阳之谓道四时阴阳的变化，是万物生命的根本。
所以圣人在春夏季节保养阳气，在秋冬季节保养阴气，顺从了生命发展的根本规律，就能与万物一样，在生、长、收、藏的生命过程中运动发展。
如果违逆了这个规律，就会杀伐根本的生命力，破坏真元之气。
因此，阴阳四时是万物的终结，是盛衰存亡的根本，违逆了它，就会产生灾害，顺从了它，就不会发生重病，这样便可谓懂得了养生之道。
对于养生之道，圣人能够加以实行，愚人则时常有所违背。
顺从阴阳的消长，就能生存，违逆了就会死亡。
顺从了它，就会正常，违逆了它，就会闭塞不通。
黄帝说：阴阳是宇宙间的一般规律，是一切事物的法则，是万物变化的起源，是生长毁灭的根本，是认识事物变化的枢纽。
凡医治疾病，必须求得病情变化的根本，而道理也不外乎阴阳二字。
拿自然界变化来比喻，清阳之气聚于上，而成为天，浊阴之气积于下，而成为地。
阴是比较静止的，阳是比较躁动的；阳主生成，阴主成长；阳主肃杀，阴主收藏。
阳能化生力量，阴能构成形体。
寒到极点会生热，热到极点会生寒；寒气能产生浊阴，热气能产生清阳。
清阳之气居下而不升，就会发生泄泻之病。
浊阴之气居上而不降，就会发生胀满之病。
这就是阴阳的正常和反常变化，因此疾病也就有逆证和顺证的分别。
所以大自然的清阳之气上升为天，浊阴之气下降为地。
地气蒸发上升为云，天气凝聚下降为雨；雨是地气上升之云转变而成的，云是由天气蒸发水气而成的。
人体的变化也是这样，清阳之气出于上窍，浊阴之气出于下窍；清阳发泄于腠理，浊阴内注于五脏；清阳充实于四肢，浊阴内走于六腑。
（638汉字）What Is Called Shade-Shine Is the WordThe change of Shade-Shine through the four seasons is the foundation of all life.Therefore, the sage maintains the vim of Shine in spring and summer seasons,the vim of Shade in autumn and winter seasons,and obeys the fundamental law of life and its development,and can move forward in the process of birth,growth,harvesting and storage,just like everything else.If this law is violated,the fundamental vitality will be killed,and true vim destroyed.Therefore,Shade-Shine through the seasons is the end of everything and the root of prosperity and decline;if one goes against it,there will be a disaster;if one obeys it,there will be no serious diseases,thus the way of health can be understood.The sage can carry out the way of keeping fit,but the fool often disobeys it.Obedient to the rise and fall of Shade-Shine,one can survive,otherwise one will die. If you obey it,you will be normal,and if you violate it,you will be denied access to things.Lord Yellow said:Shade-Shine is the general law of the universe,the law of all things,the origin of the change of all things,the root of growth and destruction,and the hub of understanding the change of things.For every cure of a disease,one must seek the root of the change of a disease, and it is no more than Shade-Shine.Taking the natural changes as a metaphor,the vim of limpid Shine gathers in the sky,and the vim of turbid Shade accumulates under,and becomes earth. Shade is more static,and Shine more restless;Shine is a master of production,and Shade of growth;Shine is a master of killing,and Shade of saving.Shine makes vim,and Shade makes form.Extreme cold generates heat,and extreme heat produces cold;cold produces turbid Shade, and heat produces limpid Shine.The disease of diarrhea will occur if the vim of limpid Shine lives under and does not rise.Turbid Shade of vim rises,there will be turgor.This is the normal andabnormal change of Shade-Shine,so the disease can have the distinction of normality and abnormality of a syndrome.So limpid Shine of nature rises to form Heaven,and turbid Shade falls to form earth.The evaporation of earth rises to form clouds,the condensation of air from earth drops to form rain, which is the same case with the change of the human body.The vim of limpid Shine gets out of upper pores and turbid Shade out of lower ones.Likewise,limpid Shine is released from grain of skin,and turbid Shade sinks in the internal organs:heart,liver,spleen,lungs and kidneys;limpid Shine abides in four limbs and turbid Shade runs through six hollows:gallbladder,stomach,large intestine,small intestine,bladder and tri-duct.（475words）。
第十届CASIO杯翻译竞赛西语原文
Desde el mirador de mi madre Clara SánchezEn el verano de 1993, con un calor insoportable, mi madre sufrióun infarto cerebral que nos cambió la vida, o por lo menos nos hizo dar un paso más en ella. Nos obligó a tratar de ver las cosas de otra manera. Yo, por ejemplo, empecéa valorar comportamientos que hasta entonces había medio despreciado, como la frivolidad. Caí en la cuenta de lo necesario que es un poco de frivolidad para sobrevivir y no dejarse arrastrar por los acontecimientos hasta lo más profundo. Pero también comenzó a fastidiarme la gente que no puede escuchar ni una frase que no se refiera al lado bueno de la existencia, que arrugan el entrecejo en cuanto oyen la palabra enfermedad, hospital, vejez, como si las contrariedades y el sufrimiento o la pena hubiese que tenerlos guardados bajo llave. La enfermedad, más que el sexo, ha sido durante mucho tiempo tabú, de conversación en voz baja, asunto de mujeres achacosas o de médicos, hasta que las series de televisión la han puesto de moda para en el fondo hablar de amoríos.Es un peñazo no poder ser débil nunca y hacer como si nada pasara. Lo malo que a uno le ocurre, también le ocurre, forma parte de su biografía. No soy de los que piensan que sólo se aprende a través del dolor, se aprende más de la alegría, de la risa y del estar bien. Es esta enseñanza la que nos empuja, hasta en los peores momentos, a buscar un espacio en nuestra mente en que continúa haciendo sol. Pero en el caso de mi familia, este hecho fue el que más nos conmocionó, quizá por su brusquedad y las secuelas que dejó.Por supuesto, a la primera que le cambió la vida fue a mi madre. Entonces tenía 62 años y ya no ha vuelto a ser la misma. La visión de esas dos imágenes, la de antes (fuerte y entera) y la de después ha sido demoledora durante bastante tiempo. Hasta que el día a día y los años han ido apaciguando la sensación de agresión y agravio ¿de quién? ¿De la vida? ¿A quién se le pide cuentas? Nos hemos ido acomodando a las circunstancias e incluso sacando lo mejor de ellas, no hay otro remedio, o aceptas las reglas del juego o te quedas fuera. Y fuera está lo desconocido, el abismo. Al principio no le apetecía salir de casa y enfrentarse al mundo, sin poder hablar. Lo bueno era que la comprensión y la memoria estaban intactas, así que nos fuimos agarrando a lo bueno. Mi madre aceptó las reglas del juego y mostró una fortaleza y una capacidad de lucha, que no nos dejaban desfallecer. Se sometía a sesiones durísimas de rehabilitación y comenzóhumildemente a intentar aprender a escribir de nuevo. Estaba agradecida a todo el mundo. Fue como si en su mente se hubiese borrado cualquier recelo hacia el prójimo, cualquier tipo de prevención. Nunca la he visto llorar por lo que le pasó, pero se le saltaban las lágrimas cuando se mencionaba a los neurólogos que la trataban o a los fisioterapeutas, sobre todo una, que un día le dijo muy seriamente: "No voy a consentir que no salgas andando de aquí", y asílo hizo, lo consiguió. Hay gente pululando anónimamente por ahí que hace cosas muy importantes por los demás. Así que gracias, Conchita, eres la mejor.Mi madre tuvo que pasar casi tres meses en el hospital, lo que supuso para todos nosotros un cursillo intensivo sobre la vida oculta o que se prefiere ignorar. Ahora me fijaba más en la gente que andaba con dificultad por la calle o que tenía algún tipo de carencia, me sentía en su mismo mundo. Creo que sabía que todo eso podría pasarme a mí, asíde sencillo. Y entonces fui consciente de lo cruel que es esta sociedad con quienes no están en plena forma. Digamos que laenfermedad de mi madre nos puso unas gafas de aumento para ver mejor lo que hay alrededor, eso sí, a un gran precio. Tras ella, el mayor sin duda lo ha pagado mi padre, que se ha hecho cargo de esta complicada situación para que a todos nos alterase lo menos posible. No es un hombre pacífico ni resignado, sino más bien rebelde e incisivo, y quizá por eso nunca se ha dejado abatir. Siempre busca recursos para estar activo y en conflicto, y no ha permitido jamás que mi madre dejase de discutir con él y decirle cuatro verdades, aunque fuese a su manera.Lo cierto es que tengo unos padres atípicos y bastante graciosos, muy discutones. Les da la vida montar el pollo durante los telediarios por algo que haya dicho fulano o mengano. Siempre ha habido tensiones políticas entre ellos. Mi padre lee EL PAÍS y Expansión y oye la SER e Intereconomía. Lleva un control férreo de los movimientos de la Bolsa. Cuando baja, está de un humor de perros. Yo, que no tengo inversiones, sé cómo va por el tono de su voz. Le gusta mucho la ropa y los complementos. Y no soporta que le llamen anciano. Lo de abuelo está absolutamente restringido a los nietos. Prefiere la definición de viejo. Dice que se dio cuenta de que era considerado viejo cuando los coches se atrevían a pasar el suyo nada más verle por detrás la nuca blanca. Y no sé cómo se las arregla para hacer un seguimiento tan exhaustivo del mundo literario. Aunque no quiera enterarme, me tiene al tanto de los logros, premios y colaboraciones de todos los colegas, para a continuación añadir, tienes que espabilar. Por eso a mis padres no les importa que escriba sobre ellos, con tal de proporcionarme material y ayudarme a salir adelante.No era fácil durante y tras lo que se podría llamar el largo verano del 93 centrarme en otra cosa. Trataba de distraerme para no hablar ni pensar en ello. Hasta que decidí que no debía olvidar, sino todo lo contrario, aprovecharlo en mi propia experiencia, no desecharlo puesto que tanto esfuerzo nos suponía a todos. Así que tiempo más tarde, cuando ya tenía la cabeza algo más fría, empecé a escribir y salió una novela, Desde el mirador (Alfaguara, 1996), que empieza así:"La tarde va quedando atrás. Un cable negro cruza el cielo azul. La ventanilla de un vagón de tren limita y recorta el campo. Sobre el cable, y por un instante, unos grandes pájaros en fila también quedan atrás. La sierra, a lo lejos, y más cerca los árboles y las fábricas se perfilan en el aire como montañas, árboles y fábricas presentes y reales.He viajado a través de este paisaje durante dos meses y desde entonces el sol se ha ido debilitando poco a poco y también la angustia inicial que me hizo dudar de que la vida fuera buena, a pesar de que es lo único que hay. Ahora me queda cierta flaqueza por aquella duda, cierta zozobra constante y la certeza de que cuando se conoce algo ya no se puede desconocer, no tan sólo olvidar, sino que es imposible volver al origen en que no se sabía aquello.He recorrido los 60 kilómetros que unen el Hospital General con Madrid, cada dos días más o menos, hasta ésta misma tarde en que le han dado el alta a mi madre. La última imagen que he retenido de ella ha sido su blusa de seda azul alejándose en el coche, regresando al mundo, mezclándose con el aire que rodea el hospital y con el que se extiende donde se le pierde de vista y mucho más allá aún. Ya es libre, menos que un pájaro porque no puede volar y menos que un pez porque no puede respirar bajo el agua, pero más que un pájaro y un pez porque piensa. Ella me ha hecho creer que nadie puede ser libre nada más que a su manera.Recuerdo sin desesperación y con pesar, como si me hubiera distraído y no hubiese hecho algo que debía, el día de finales de junio, cuando sonó el teléfono en mi casa, en las afueras de Madrid. Una voz desde un hospital me comunicó que mi madre había sufrido un derrame cerebral. Luego se confirmóque había sido infarto. Me cuesta mucho pronunciar infarto cerebral y mucho más escribirlo, es como tratar de escribir en el papel con un hierro al rojo vivo".。
第十届CASIO杯翻译竞赛英语组原文及获奖译文
第十届CASIO杯翻译竞赛英语组原文Humans are animals and like all animals we leave tracks as we walk:signs of passage made in snow,sand,mud,grass,dew,earth or moss.The language of hunting has a luminous word for such mark-making:‘foil’.A creature’s‘foil’is its track.We easily forget that we are track-makers,though,because most of our journeys now occur on asphalt and concrete–and these are substances not easily impressed.Always,everywhere,people have walked,veining the earth with paths visible and invisible,symmetrical or meandering,’writes Thomas Clark in his enduring prose-poem‘In Praise of Walking’.It’s true that,once you begin to notice them,you see that the landscape is still webbed with paths and footways–shadowing the modern-day road network,or meeting it at a slant or perpendicular.Pilgrim paths, green roads,drove roads,corpse roads,trods,leys,dykes,drongs,sarns,snickets–say the names of paths out loud and at speed and they become a poem or rite–holloways,bostles,shutes,driftways,lichways,ridings,halterpaths,cartways,carneys, causeways,herepaths.Many regions still have their old ways,connecting place to place,leading over passes or round mountains,to church or chapel,river or sea.Not all of their histories are happy.In Ireland there are hundreds of miles of famine roads,built by the starving during the1840s to connect nothing with nothing in return for little,unregistered on Ordnance Survey base maps.In the Netherlands there are doodwegen and spookwegen–death roads and ghost roads–which converge on medieval cemeteries. Spain has not only a vast and operational network of cañada,or drove roads,but also thousands of miles of the Camino de Santiago,the pilgrim routes that lead to the shrine of Santiago de Compostela.For pilgrims walking the Camino,every footfall is doubled,landing at once on the actual road and also on the path of faith.In Scotland there are clachan and rathad–cairned paths and shieling paths–and in Japan the slender farm tracks that the poet Bashōfollowed in1689when writing his Narrow Road to the Far North.The American prairies were traversed in the nineteenthcentury by broad‘bison roads’,made by herds of buffalo moving several beasts abreast,and then used by early settlers as they pushed westwards across the Great Plains.Paths of long usage exist on water as well as on land.The oceans are seamed with seaways–routes whose course is determined by prevailing winds and currents–and rivers are among the oldest ways of all.During the winter months,the only route in and out of the remote valley of Zanskar in the Indian Himalayas is along the ice-path formed by a frozen river.The river passes down through steep-sided valleys of shaley rock,on whose slopes snow leopards hunt.In its deeper pools,the ice is blue and lucid.The journey down the river is called the chadar,and parties undertaking the chadar are led by experienced walkers known as‘ice-pilots’,who can tell where the dangers lie.Different paths have different characteristics,depending on geology and purpose. Certain coffin paths in Cumbria have flat‘resting stones’on the uphill side,on which the bearers could place their load,shake out tired arms and roll stiff shoulders;certain coffin paths in the west of Ireland have recessed resting stones,in the alcoves of which each mourner would place a pebble.The prehistoric trackways of the English Downs can still be traced because on their close chalky soil,hard-packed by centuries of trampling,daisies flourish.Thousands of work paths crease the moorland of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides,so that when seen from the air the moor has the appearance of chamois leather.I think also of the zigzag flexure of mountain paths in the Scottish Highlands,the flagged and bridged packhorse routes of Yorkshire and Mid Wales,and the sunken green-sand paths of Hampshire on whose shady banks ferns emerge in spring,curled like crosiers.The way-marking of old paths is an esoteric lore of its own,involving cairns, grey wethers,sarsens,hoarstones,longstones,milestones,cromlechs and other guide-signs.On boggy areas of Dartmoor,fragments of white china clay were placed to show safe paths at twilight,like Hansel and Gretel’s pebble trail.In mountain country,boulders often indicate fording points over rivers:Utsi’s Stone in the Cairngorms,for instance,which marks where the Allt Mor burn can be crossed toreach traditional grazing grounds,and onto which has been deftly incised the petroglyph of a reindeer that,when evening sunlight plays over the rock,seems to leap to life.Paths and their markers have long worked on me like lures:drawing my sight up and on and over.The eye is enticed by a path,and the mind’s eye also.The imagination cannot help but pursue a line in the land–onwards in space,but also backwards in time to the histories of a route and its previous followers.As I walk paths I often wonder about their origins,the impulses that have led to their creation, the records they yield of customary journeys,and the secrets they keep of adventures, meetings and departures.I would guess I have walked perhaps7,000or8,000miles on footpaths so far in my life:more than most,perhaps,but not nearly so many as others.Thomas De Quincey estimated Wordsworth to have walked a total of 175,000–180,000miles:Wordsworth’s notoriously knobbly legs,‘pointedly condemned’–in De Quincey’s catty phrase–‘by all…female connoisseurs’,were magnificent shanks when it came to passage and bearing.I’ve covered thousands of foot-miles in my memory,because when–as most nights–I find myself insomniac,I send my mind out to re-walk paths I’ve followed,and in this way can sometimes pace myself into sleep.‘They give me joy as I proceed,’wrote John Clare of field paths,simply.Me too.‘My left hand hooks you round the waist,’declared Walt Whitman–companionably, erotically,coercively–in Leaves of Grass(1855),‘my right hand points to landscapes of continents,and a plain public road.’Footpaths are mundane in the best sense of that word:‘worldly’,open to all.As rights of way determined and sustained by use,they constitute a labyrinth of liberty,a slender network of common land that still threads through our aggressively privatized world of barbed wire and gates,CCTV cameras and‘No Trespassing’signs.It is one of the significant differences between land use in Britain and in America that this labyrinth should exist.Americans have long envied the British system of footpaths and the freedoms it offers,as I in turn envy the Scandinavian customary right of Allemansrätten(‘Everyman’s right’).This convention–born of a region that did not pass through centuries of feudalism,andtherefore has no inherited deference to a landowning class–allows a citizen to walk anywhere on uncultivated land provided that he or she cause no harm;to light fires;to sleep anywhere beyond the curtilage of a dwelling;to gather flowers,nuts and berries; and to swim in any watercourse(rights to which the newly enlightened access laws of Scotland increasingly approximate).Paths are the habits of a landscape.They are acts of consensual making.It’s hard to create a footpath on your own.The artist Richard Long did it once,treading a dead-straight line into desert sand by turning and turning about dozens of times.But this was a footmark not a footpath:it led nowhere except to its own end,and by walking it Long became a tiger pacing its cage or a swimmer doing lengths.With no promise of extension,his line was to a path what a snapped twig is to a tree.Paths connect.This is their first duty and their chief reason for being.They relate places in a literal sense,and by extension they relate people.Paths are consensual,too,because without common care and common practice they disappear:overgrown by vegetation,ploughed up or built over(though they may persist in the memorious substance of land law).Like sea channels that require regular dredging to stay open,paths need walking.In nineteenth-century Suffolk small sickles called‘hooks’were hung on stiles and posts at the start of certain wellused paths: those running between villages,for instance,or byways to parish churches.A walker would pick up a hook and use it to lop off branches that were starting to impede passage.The hook would then be left at the other end of the path,for a walker coming in the opposite direction.In this manner the path was collectively maintained for general use.By no means all interesting paths are old paths.In every town and city today, cutting across parks and waste ground,you’ll see unofficial paths created by walkers who have abandoned the pavements and roads to take short cuts and make asides. Town planners call these improvised routes‘desire lines’or‘desire paths’.In Detroit –where areas of the city are overgrown by vegetation,where tens of thousands of homes have been abandoned,and where few can now afford cars–walkers and cyclists have created thousands of such elective easements.第十届CASIO杯翻译竞赛英语组参考译文路[英]罗伯特·麦克法伦作侯凌玮译人是一种动物，因而和所有其他动物一样，我们行走时总会留下踪迹：雪地、沙滩、淤泥、草地、露水、土壤和苔藓上都有我们经过的痕迹。
2023catti杯翻译原文
2023catti杯翻译原文2023 CATTI杯翻译原文愿景和使命：2023 CATTI杯翻译大赛旨在促进翻译行业的发展和提高翻译人才素质。
通过组织这一国际性的翻译大赛，我们希望为各国翻译工作者提供一个交流、学习和展示的平台，激发他们的创作力和翻译技巧，推动翻译事业的繁荣。
大赛安排：本届翻译大赛将分为初赛、决赛和颁奖环节。
初赛将在2023年1月至3月期间进行，参赛者需按照要求完成指定的翻译任务，并提交作品。
经过初赛评审，优秀者将晋级决赛。
决赛将在2023年5月举行，参赛者将现场翻译一段指定的文本，由专业评委进行评审。
最后，将在决赛结束后进行颁奖典礼，表彰各个奖项的获得者。
参赛资格：本次大赛对参赛者的资格要求如下：1.具有中文或其他外语相关专业学历，并且具备一定的翻译实践经验；2.年龄不限，国籍不限；3.需承诺独立完成翻译任务，不得抄袭或借助机器翻译工具。
翻译任务：本次大赛的翻译任务主要包括文学、科技、经济、法律和时事等领域。
详细的翻译要求将在初赛开始前公布，并根据不同的语种设置相应的任务。
评委团队：本届大赛将邀请一流的翻译学者和专业人士组成评委团队，他们将负责对参赛者的作品进行评审和打分。
评委团队将严格按照统一的评分标准进行评判，确保公正、客观地选出最优秀的翻译作品。
奖项设置：本次大赛将设置一、二、三等奖以及优秀奖、人气奖等附加奖项。
每个奖项将评选出数量不等的获奖者，以表彰他们在翻译任务中的出色表现。
此外，大赛还将邀请优秀的获奖者参加一系列研讨会和培训活动，提高他们的专业能力。
宣传推广：为了让更多的翻译工作者了解和参与本届大赛，我们将通过各种渠道进行宣传推广，包括但不限于媒体报道、社交媒体推广、翻译机构合作等。
我们相信，通过广泛的宣传，能够吸引更多优秀的翻译从业者积极参与，使本次大赛更加具有影响力和参与度。
总结：2023 CATTI杯翻译大赛是一项重要的国际翻译赛事，旨在提高翻译人才素质，促进翻译事业的发展。
翻译比赛原文
【翻译大赛原文】LimboBy Rhonda LucasMy parents’ divorce was final. The house had been sold and the day had come to move. Thirty years of the family’s life was now crammed into the garage. The two-by-fours that ran the length of the walls were the only uniformity among the clutter of boxes, furniture, and memories. All was frozen in limbo between the life just passed and the one to come.The sunlight pushing its way through the window splattered against a barricade of boxes. Like a fluorescent river, it streamed down the sides and flooded the cracks of the cold, cement floor. I stood in the doorway between the house and garage and wondered if the sunlight would ever again penetrate the memories packed inside those boxes. For an instant, the cardboard boxes appeared as tombstones, monuments to those memories.The furnace in the corner, with its huge tubular fingers reaching out and disappearing into the wall, was unaware of the futility of trying to warm the empty house. The rhythmical whir of its effort hummed the elegy for the memories boxed in front of me. I closed the door, sat down on the step, and listened reverently. The feeling of loss transformed the bad memories into not-so-bad, the not-so-bad memories into good, and committed the good ones to my mind. Still, I felt as vacant as the house inside.A workbench to my right stood disgustingly empty. Not so much as a nail had been left behind. I noticed, for the first time, what a dull, lifeless green it was. Lacking the disarray of tools that used to cover it, now it seemed as out of place as a bathtub in the kitchen. In fact, as I scanned the room, the only things that did seem to belong were the cobwebs in the corners.A group of boxes had been set aside from the others and stacked in front of the workbench. Scrawled like graffiti on the walls of dilapidated buildings were the words “Salvation Army.” Those words caught my eyes as effectively as a flashing neon sign. They reeked of irony. “Salvation - was a bit too late for this family,” I mumbled sarcastically to myself.The houseful of furniture that had once been so carefully chosen to complement and blend with the color schemes of the various rooms was indiscriminately crammed together against a single wall. The uncoordinated colors combined in turmoil and lashed out in the greyness of the room.I suddenly became aware of the coldness of the garage, but I didn’t want to go back inside the house, so I made my way through the boxes to the couch. I cleared a space to lie down and curled up, covering myself with my jacket. I hoped my father would return soon with the truck so we could empty the garage and leave the cryptic silence of parting lives behind.（选自Patterns: A Short Prose Reader,by Mary Lou Conlin, published by Houghton Mifflin, 1983.）。
汉英翻译大赛预赛翻译原文
寻找香格里拉师琼瑜台湾《中国时报》在昆明稍事停逗留后，我们在一个天才蒙蒙亮的清早，开始向西飞行，并将从滇藏交界处的中甸香格里拉一路下降往东回到昆明。
我们要前往的地方是一个一年有半载以上时间处在冰封状态下的神秘之地，想要造访的人必须在五月雪融了之后才能进入，而十月之后，又开始进入冰封之境。
After a short stay in Kunming ,we started flying west in a very early morning , and we would from Shangri-la placed in the junction between Yunman and Tibet back down east to Kunming .We would get in a mysterious place where stayed in the frozen state during more than half time a year . The people wanted to visit and search there ,must wait the snow melt in May .Then , it began to enter the frozen state again after October.从飞机上的舷窗往下看，是一片皑皑白雪，覆盖在千年不化的壮观雪山上，雪峰连绵不绝，我们乘坐的飞机像漂浮在白色大海波浪高低起伏上的一艘轻巧小船，从云贵高原缓缓地往青藏高原前进。
飞机上有白种人、黄种人，我不知道飞机上大部分的人是为了什么原因想到这个地方来看看，是受了香格里拉盛名的诱惑，来寻找人间仙境、世外桃源，还是想证明这究竟是不是詹姆斯·希尔顿在《消失的地平线》小说里所描述的男主角康维一心一意想再回去的蓝月谷地？飞机缓缓降落，我们争相目睹这个看来像高山盆地的大片平原，平地上遍布青葱草原，一户户白色泥墙斜屋顶的民宅、舒缓宽松地错落在高山草原上，户户民宅都拥有宽广占地，两层楼高的房舍看来每个都像一个自给自足的大庄园，一排排青稞架，醒目地矗立在草原上。
02翻译竞赛英译中参赛原文
附件2翻译竞赛英译中参赛原文Dorothy BushAccording to Burke’s Peerage, there is hardly a family of any American president, however humble its domestic origins, that is not related in some convoluted manner to British royalty. Of them all, however, the Bush family is unquestionably the most regal, tracing its ancestry back to crowned heads in the fourteenth century. As biographer J.H. Hatfield notes, George Herbert Walker Bush is a fourteenth cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. Securely rooted in America’s Eastern establishment, merging ancestry with affluence, this inheritance has been more a challenge than a boon to the Bushes. In three generations of elected leadership, they have consistently downplayed their pedigree and their wealth. Although heritage is no bar to achievement, American voters tend to favor those who “made it” on their own.What was this prototypical Connecticut WASP, so preppy that his nickname is “Poppy”, doing in Texas in the first place? Perhaps there was an element of escape involved —although, unlike Richard Nixon’s longing after train whistles or Bill Clinton’s transcending of a dysfunctional family, Bush’s desire was not so much to leave behind the circumstances of his childhood as to create his own new chapter. Although his father could sometimes be forbidding and his mother more than a bit blunt, Bush loved and respected both his parents and appreciated the foundation they had provided him. When his new life in Texas turned to politics, that, too, was a family tradition. His father, a model of moral rectitude, had left his lucrative Wall Street career to serve in the United States Senate. Public service is valued on both sides of the Bush family. It was a maternal Walker uncle who told a reluctant young George W. Bush that “politics [is] the only occupation worth pursuing.” America has changed a lot since John Adams felt obliged to engage in politics so that his sons and their sons might be able to follow more elevated professions. Despite its aura of scandal and the bloodlust of an intrusive media, public life is still viewed by families like the Bushes as a worthy goal.The parents of George H. W. Bush were not smug snobs or status-conscious clubwomen, but strong individuals intent on their own achievements. Although his mother, Dorothy Walker Bush, faced limitations of caste and gender, she was described by her admiring daughter-in-law Barbara as “the most competitive living human.” Her ancestors, who were originally devout Catholics, arrived on the rugged coast of Maine in the seventeenth century. Moving to the more congenial colony of Maryland, they eventually settled in Missouri and intermingled with families of other denominations. One prominent Walker married a Presbyterian. Over time most of the family accepted the Episcopal ian faith that would be so firmly espoused by Dorothy. The family’s wealth originated in a dry-goods business in St. Louis. Longing to locate at the heart of commerce, Dorothy’s grandfather, George Herbert Walker, put its profits into an investment-banking firm in New York, which eventually became one of the nation’s largest private banks, Brown Brothers Harriman. An avid sportsman, he donated golf’s Walker Cup.The Bushes were equally enterprising and mobile, intertwined, as biographer Herbert Parmet wr ites, with “some of the great landholding families of New York and New England.” George H. W.Bush’s genial grandfather, Samuel, made his fortune not in Manhattan but as an industrialist in Columbus, Ohio. His son Prescott Bush, born in 1895, was sent east to school, to Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and later to Yale, initiating a family tradition. Settling first in Milton, Massachusetts, Prescott made his own fortune as a Wall Street banker. The words used most often to characterize him a re “imposing,” “stern,” and “commanding.” He grew to six feet, four inches, with a full head of black hair. Parmet describes him as “austere, regal, dignified, and imperious” —a classic authority figure. He loved children, however, and would have five, although most of the day-to-day childrearing was always in the hands of his wife, Dorothy, whom he would marry in 1921 at the Church of Saint Ann in Kennebunkport, Maine.Had she been born a generation or two later, Dorothy Walker might have had a dazzling career of her own. She was the fire to her husband’s ice —outgoing, amusing, outspoken, and adventuresome, yet very much a lady. A proper marriage for her was the preoccupation of Dorothy’s protective parents, who still lived in St. Louis. After atte nding private schools, she was sent east for “finishing” at Miss Porter’s School in Farmington, Connecticut, in preparation for her presentation to society. Called “Dottie,” she particularly excelled in athletics. In 1918 she was runner-up in the girls’ national tennis tournament. She was so gifted an athlete that even at the age of thirty-nine, a mother of five, she took a set from a lady who had lost in the national tennis finals to the legendary Alice Marble.They were a handsome couple, Dorothy and Prescott Bush, although she was the more cheerful and sociable. Their first son, named for his father, was born after the frantic hospital ride in 1922. Two years later, their second son was horn, and named George Herbert Walker Bush, representing both f amilies. His grandfather Walker called him “Little Pop,” which became “Poppy.” There would be two more boys, and a welcome girl, Nancy. As Prescott’s investment house prospered, merged, and moved to Manhattan, the family relocated to a larger, comfortably unostentatious home in Greenwich, Connecticut.选自：Faith of Our Mothers 作者：Harold Gullan。
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江苏科技大学第十届翻译大赛英译汉竞赛原文Bob Dylan, Bill Murray and Henry Kissinger: Whenhonorees don’t want their prizeOn Sunday night, the ever-elusive Bill Murray is expected to take the stage at the Kennedy Center and accept the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, an award he actively avoided receiving. Last week he told The Washington Post’s Geoff Edgers, “I really thought if I don’t answer the phone for awhile, maybe they’ll just move on to someone else.”They didn’t. They called and called, and then had other people call, and eventually, Murray gave in.This month, the same tactic was used by the Swedish Academy, who is responsible for awarding the Nobel prizes. Bob Dylan won the prize for Literature. The Academy called his manager. The press called his representatives. Dylan has yet to say a word. “One can say that it is impolite and arrogant. He is who he is,” one of the Academy members told the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter this week.When the prize is bestowed on Dec. 10, it appears there’s a good chance Dylan won’t show up. So will he still get to become the first musician to receive the Nobel for literature?If the Academy follows the precedent set by the many award-giving institutions that have been snubbed throughout history, the answer is yes. In the world of prestigious prizes, the honor is yours whether you like it or not. Pick any well-known award, and there’s a good chance its chosen winners haven’t all deigned to make themselves available for the ceremony. For some, the snub is a statement. When Marlon Brando won an Academy Award for “The Godfather,” he boycotted the ceremony and sent a Native American actress named Sacheen Littlefeather in his place. She took the stage, waved away the award and told the audience that Brando couldn’t accept the award because of the treatment of American Indians by the film industry.Others seem to have little interest in the theatrics that usually surround award acceptance. Katharine Hepburn won four Oscars, but never showed up to claim them. “As for me, prizes are nothing,” she once said. “My prize is my work.” Woody Allenwon’t show up to the Oscars, either. His biographer Eric Lax told NPR that’s b ecause Allen, like his character in “Annie Hall,” quotes Sigmund Freud: “I would never want to belong to any club that would have someone like me for a member.”Some famous snubbers give no reasoning. Maggie Smith has been nominated for nine Emmys, and has won four times. She’s never showed up. When this year’s Emmy host Jimmy Kimmel announced another Smith win this year, he said, “Maggie, if you want this, it will be in the lost and found.” The 81-year-old Smith responded via a PBS Twitter account: “If Mr.Kimmel could please direct me to the lost and found office I will try and be on the next flight.”The world of Nobel prizes is far less star-studded than that of entertainment awards, but it’s hardly free of cold shoulders. The most notable came in 1973, when the Peace Prize was awarded to Vietnamese politician Le Duc Tho and then-U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who negotiated a cease-fire agreement meant to bring about an end to the Vietnam War. But the conflict was two years away from ending. Awarding Tho and Kissinger the prize was so controversial, two members of the Nobel selection committee resigned in protest. Vietnam’s Tho refused it outright. Kissinger didn’t show at the ceremony, and tried to return the medal.But not once in the Nobe l committee’s 115-year history has it allowed a prize to be revoked or returned. Once it’s awarded, it’s awarded for life. In the case of Dylan, this history hasn’t stopped naysayers from calling for a do-over. While Dylan has showed up to accept awards in the past —including the Presidential Medal of Freedom — now, he seems to have no interest. Why give a prize to someone who doesn’t want it?His fans see his indifference as a charming characteristic of his mysterious persona. His critics hold it up as just another reason why a man so prominent shouldn’t have been chosen in the first place.“Bob Dylan now has a chance to do something truly great for literature: reject the Nobel Prize for Literature,” poet Amy King expressed to PEN America, a writers association. “He can take a stand and declare that fame and ease of consumption should not play a role in determining merit when it comes to focusing the public eye on one writer’s books.” Dylan certainly could try to reject the prize. But first, he’d have to acknowledge that he won it. （779字）汉译英竞赛原文请你把脚步放轻些一个人要赢得人们的尊敬，绝不是靠权威、靠装潢、靠强迫就能得到的。