厦门大学2010年翻译硕士MTI真题及参考答案
2010考研英语真题答案(仅答案-完整)
2010年真题答案（多方答案不统一，仅参考）Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。
6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
所以选A。
9.C解析：be enough to do sth, 足够做某事，符合上下文。
10.D解析：by oneself 表示“独自地”，这里的itself 代指an awareness of ...。
11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。
2010年厦门大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析
2010年厦门大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
基础英语·答案详解Part 1: Corrections.Although cosmetic surgery (and non-surgically cosmetic procedures, such as Botox injections) sometimes produce negative outcomes—media often highlights surgery ‘disasters’—in the most part, the health risk for cosmetic procedures is low and patient satisfaction is high. Often, people who have been hobbled by poor body image all of their life, walk away from cosmetic surgery in confidence and the motivation to lead healthier lives. In addition, reconstructive surgery for burning and accident victims or to those disfigured from disease restore self-esteem and well-being in the way that other therapy cannot. In my professional opinion, it is a time for members of the medical community to examine the benefits and results of cosmetic surgery with prejudice and jealousy.Part 2: Grammar and Vocabulary.01. Because noises modulate radiofrequency, radio stations use a band offrequencies to prevent interference with other stations.句义：噪音会干扰收音机频率，因此收音机电台用无线电波段来防止其他电台造成影响。
厦门大学2010年MTI翻译硕士英语考研真题(完整版)
厦门大学2010年翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷科目：211翻译硕士英语MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分搞定一切学校文章来源：/luckymti整理：博文MTI(专业学位)科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语专业领域：翻译硕士考生须知：答题必须使用黑(蓝)色墨水(圆珠)笔；不得在试题(草稿)纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。
Part I. Grammar and VocabularyA. Proofreading (total of 10 points，1 point for each error corrected)The following paragraphs contain 10 errors．Each indicated line contains ONE error．In each case，only ONE word is involved．You should proofread the paragraph and correct it in the following way：For a wrong word，underline the wrong word and write the correct one inthe blank provided at the end of the line．For a missing word．mark the position of the missing word with a“^”signand write the word you believe to be missing in theblank provided at the end of the line．For an unnecessary word．cross the unnecessary word with a slash“／”and put theword in the blank provided at the end of the line．EXAMPLEWhen^an museum wants a new exhibit，(1) anit never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) neverthem on the wall．When a natural history museum wants an exhibition it must often build it．(3) exhibit Although cosmetic surgery (and non-surgically cosmetic (1)[键入文字]/luckymti博文MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分博文MTI QQ: 1582633616关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。
翻译硕士英语2010答案
是蓝领工人 ,因 为这些行业 与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选 项正是此意。A,B,C 选项与此无关。 ” “.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话 ,“ But in the long血 n。 ¨psychdogically dyna血 ℃ ,可 知 从长期来看 ,这 种失业现象必然会导致政治上 ,经 济上和心理上的危 险。因此可推 测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选 项正是此意。A,C,D选 项与此无关。 Passage Two es枷,Ds36Jo40仞 昭 Dc“ 〃 @刀 仂 纟roJJov枷 留 pJfscgB。 口刃 %.C 由文章第二段最后一句话 ,“ A homone。 ¨山ings hⅡ pen dsewhere。 ” ,可 知 ,荷 尔蒙 是 由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此 ,C选 项正是此意 ,它 会 对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,B,D选 项文中均未提及。 3T。 D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第 三段。A选 项 中提到的 scientists,function在 第 三 段中都从未出现过 ,所 以为无关选项 ,排 除。B选 项 中提到 frequentˇ ,而 分泌荷尔 蒙的频率在此段 中也未提到 ,排 除。C选 项 中的 aging process在 此段 中也没有出现 排除。因此 ,此 题应选 D选 项。 38.D 原文高亮处的意思是 :最 普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的 ,但 是却很深远而且难 以追踪 :他 们可以改变情绪 ,影 响人类 的行为 ,甚 至会影响通常看来是 自发的那些 行为。A选 项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上 ,但 文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙 及其作用 ,因 此 A选 项错误。B选 项 中提到的科学家现在还不 肯定荷尔蒙的影响的 深远程度 ,属 于无关信息。C选 项 中的 urgent tre乱 ment属 于无关 信息。D选 项 的意 思是 :荷 尔蒙的影响难以衡量 ,但 是它可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。 40
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010年厦门大学翻译硕士英语考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2010年厦门大学翻译硕士英语真题答案育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
Part I. Grammar and Vocabulary11. Proofreading(1) √ 2. highlight 3. for the most part 4. image--figure 5. ...and have the motivation to lead healthier life. 6. burnings 7. restores 8. therapies 9. the time 10. prejudicesB. 1. frequency modulation (FM)；renovate 修复；adapt 改变…………以适合；temper oneself through practice/VERB 使缓和;使温和T o temper something means to make it less extreme. /For others, especially the young and foolish, the state will temper justice with mercy...对待其他人时，尤其是年轻人和愚蠢的人，国家会刚柔并济。
/He had to learn to temper his enthusiasm.他得学着给自己的热情降温。
B2. n. 溶剂；有溶解能力的；有清还债务能力的；Laughter has the solvent power. 笑具有一种缓和力。
A bankrupt company is not solvent. 一个破产的公司是没有偿还债务的能力的。
2010年考研英语真题英译汉分析及答案
英语辅导专家贾洪伟⽼师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进⾏分析，2010考研英语英译汉⽂章属环保范畴，摘⾃利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在⽜津⼤学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“⼟地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。
本题⼲中，出题者也是动过“⼩⼿术”的，⽐如：第⼀段的原⽂是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
”，经过加⼯就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻 译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“… was declared a global epidemic…”，根据 declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选 D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是 C 项 commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住 alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是 meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即 meeting 使得 alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲 alert 导致了 meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句 rise 之后是 meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而 A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达 in Britain…对应前面的 in Australia，所以空格处 rising _____ 应该对应 a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
翻译硕士MTI汉语写作与百科知识历史文化历年真题试卷汇编2_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（历史文化）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分62, 做题时间90分钟)2. 填空题1.中医学是我国传统文化中珍贵的遗产之一，它的特点是在：“________”的基础上，依照“八纲”之间相互对立统一的关系，对病人进行综合的辩正治疗。
(北外2011翻泽硕士)SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：四诊2.中国的饮食文化十分发达，按照各地饮食习惯和食物条件，形成了各地不同的风味，其中最著名的便是：“___________”。
(北外2011翻译硕士)SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：八大菜系3.现代汉语有各种不同的方言，它们分布的区域很广。
各方言之间的差异表现在语音、词汇、语法各个方面，语音方面尤为突出。
我国根据语音方面来划分了____________。
(北外2011翻译硕士)SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：七大方言地区4.______时，在南方和河东地区，先后存在过十个割据政权(不包括一些小的割据势力)，史称“十国”。
(北外2010翻译硕士)SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：五代5.唐代书法作品流传至今者也比前代为多，留下了大量宝贵的艺术珍品。
“初唐四大家”、“_______”并称，成为书法史上的高峰。
(北外2010翻译硕上) SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：颜柳6.《___________》共分16部60类，以部为纲，以类为目。
每一种药又以正名、余名为目。
这个纲目分类法已经具有与现代科学双名法相同的性质，有的科学史家将之与林标的分类法相提并论。
(北外2010翻译硕士)SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：本草纲目7.______________是我国之所以成为文明古国的标志之一。
古代，我国的科学技术在许多方面居于世界的前列。
2010-2019硕士研究生考试英语一真题及答案(精编)
2010-2019硕士研究生考试英语一真题及答案（精编）目录2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (2)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (12)2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (22)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (32)2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (42)2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (52)2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (62)2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (72)2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (82)2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (92)12010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and nark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)In1924America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting1workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended2giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect,”the extremely influential idea that the very3 of being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.The idea arose because of the4behavior of the women in the plant.According to5of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not6what was done in the experiment;7something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8that they were being experimented upon seemed to be9to alter workers’behavior10itself.After several decades,the same data were11to econometric analysis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.12the descriptions on record,no systematic13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to14 interpretations of what happened.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output16rose compared with the previous Saturday and17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,a comparison with data for weeks when therewas no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.Workers19to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before20a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged“Hawthorne effect”is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work7.[A]as far as[B]for fear that[C]in case that[D]so long as8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed12.[A]Contrary to[B]Consistent with[C]Parallel with[D]Peculiar to13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading15.[A]In contrast[B]For example[C]In consequence[D]As usual16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hittingSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from1917until shortly before his death in1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics,and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947) became a best-seller.He was knighted in1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save tospecialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have littleuse for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs1and2that[A]arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B]English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C]high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D]young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A]free themes[B]casual style[C]elaborate layout[D]radical viewpoints23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A]It is writers’duty to fulfill journalisticgoals.[B]It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C]Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D]Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A]His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B]His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C]His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25.What would be the best title for the text?[A]Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B]The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C]Mournful Decline of Journalism[D]Prominent Critics in MemoryText2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business received one for its“one-click”online payment system.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized10years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski,as the case is known,is“a very big deal,”says Dennis D.Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law.It“has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its1998decision in the so-called State Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced anexplosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online ter,more established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than300 business-method patents,despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly,some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all12of the court’s judges,rather than a typical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should“reconsider”its State Street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent st April,for example,the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for“inventions”that are obvious.The judges on the Federal Circuit are“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”says Harold C.Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A]their limited value to businesses.[B]their connection with asset allocation.[C]the possible restriction on their granting.[D]the controversy over their authorization.27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A]Its ruling complies with the court decisions.[B]It involves a very big business transaction.[C]It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D]It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28.The word“about-face”(Para.3)most probably means[A]loss of goodwill.[B]increase of hostility.[C]change of attitude.[D]enhancement of dignity.29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A]are immune to legal challenges.[B]are often unnecessarily issued.[C]lower the esteem for patent holders.[D]increase the incidence of risks.30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A]A looming threat to business-method patents.[B]Protection for business-method patent holders.[C]A legal case regarding business-method patents.[D]A prevailing trend against business-method patents.Text3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that“social epidemics”are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,whoare unusually informed,persuasive,or well connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the“two-step flow of communication”:Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those select people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required at all.The researchers’argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.They found that the principal requirement for what is called“global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics.[B]discuss influentials’function in spreading ideas.[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to socialepidemics.[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems.[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends.[C]has won support from influentials.[D]requires solid evidence for its validity.33.What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A]the power of influence goes with social interactions.[B]interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.[C]influentials have more channels to reach the public.[D]most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.34.The underlined phrase“these people”in Paragraph4refers to the ones who[A]stay outside the network of social influence.[B]have little contact with the source of influence.[C]are influenced and then influence others.[D]are influenced by the initial influential.35.What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted.[B]The impulse to influence others.[C]The readiness to be influenced.[D]The inclination to rely on others.Text4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else:the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moanthe banks,have forced them to report enormous losses,and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital markets,is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress,America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements.Bob Herz,the FASB’s chairman,cried out against those who“question our motives.”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls“the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB that it did“not live in a political vacuum”but“in the real world”and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years. But banks’shares trade below their book value,suggesting that investors are skeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again,losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example,against hostility from special interests.But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36.Bankers complained that they were forced to[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.[B]collect payments from third parties.[C]cooperate with the price managers.[D]re-evaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author,the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management.[B]the revival of the banking system.[C]the banks’long-term assetlosses.[D]the weakening of its independence.38.According to Paragraph4,McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators.[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets.[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness.[D]sympathy.Part BDirections:For questions41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text.Paragraph E has been correctly placed.There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) [A]The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out;theconsumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about32percent of total consumption in1995to35percent in2000and is expected to approach38percent by 2005.This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by4to 5percent a year across Europe,compared with growth in retail demand of1to2percent.Meanwhile,as the recession is looming large,people are getting anxious.They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill,leaving Europeangrocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce,with limited success,and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard:the wholesale food and drink trade,which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,rather than the seller,to decide what to buy.At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D]All in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply theirgigantic scale,existing infrastructure,and proven skills in the management of product ranges,logistics,and marketing intelligence.Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.At least,that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets,especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures,as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E]Despite variations in detail,wholesale markets in the countries that have been closelyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which,unlike large retail chains,are too small to buy straight from producers,and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home.Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures,but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”:hotels,restaurants,and cafés.Overall,Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market,but the figures,when added together,mask two opposing trends.[F]For example,wholesale food and drink sales came to $268billion in France,Germany,Italy,Spain,and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40percent of retail sales.Moreover,average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail;wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G]However,none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large foodproducers and existing wholesalers)from trying their hand,for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.→42.→43.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)→44.→E →45.41.One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and,if its stability depends on its integrity,they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it,we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.Here again,the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community,and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit,real or fancied,to itself.Some species of trees have been“read out of the party”by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly,or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(49)In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.Moreover,some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility.The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species,ground flora,and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50)It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.It assumes, falsely,that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relevant.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Postgraduates’Association”instead. (10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But1some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical ughter does2short-term changes in the function of the heart and itsblood vessels,3heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have5benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.6,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the7.Studies dating back to the1930s indicate that laughter8muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to45minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help9the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of10feedback that improve an individual's emotional state.11one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted 12physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also14tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow15muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to16a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips,which would produce a(n)17 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles18more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected。
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厦门大学2010年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案一、词语翻译（英译汉15分）1.Neet: 啃老族（not in education, employment or training）2.Global warming: 全球变暖3.Unfriend：解除友好关系4.APEC summit: 亚太经合组织峰会5.The A(H1N1) virus: 甲型H1N1病毒6.Arbor day: (美国、澳大利亚、新西兰等国的）植树节7.The in-thing: 流行事物8.Somebody’s cup of tea: 指合乎某人喜好的活动或感兴趣的事情tainment: 信息娱乐化（由information与entertainment 两单词组成）10.Average Joe: 普通人11.Moon away: 虚度时光12.Put two and two together: 根据事实推理13.Give the floor to: 请.....发言，给......发言权14.Disposable chopsticks: 一次性筷子15.Scrap-newspaper: 可回收的旧报纸二、词语翻译（汉译英15分）1.知识产权：intellectual property rights2.中国最适合居住的十大城市：Top 10 livable cities in China3.盗版软件：pirated software; software piracy; counterfeit software4.产能过剩：excess (production) capacity; overcapacity5.晚婚晚育：late marriage and late childbirth/childbearing6.战国时期：the Warring States Period/Time7.打造国际知名品牌：create international famous/well-known brands; make international renowned8.海洋科学研究所：Institute of Marine Sciences9.安全饮用水：safe drinking water10.农民工：migrant workers11.暗箱操作: black case work; backroom deal; under the table12.老人节：double ninth festival; senior citizen’s festival; festival for the elderly13.科幻小说：scientific fiction14.万有引力定律：the law of gravity; the law of universal gravitation15.前苏联：the former Soviet Union; the former USSR; the former Union of Soviet socialist Republics三、英汉互译（文章英译汉60分）Today, I will focus on one major impact of the current financial crisis on Asia-Pacific, that is, the decline in domestic demand. Particularly, I want to talk about the factors leading to declines in domestic demand.Equity markets in developing countries around the world have suffered large decreases in value since mid-September 2008, reflecting a global credit crunch and a worldwide flight to safety among investors.These declines are expected to cause a number of effects that will dampen domestic demand, especially personal consumption and corporate investments. Although equity market investments only constitute a small percentage of overall household wealth and equity financing consists of relatively a small portion of corporate investment in Asia-Pacific as compared with developed countries, the declines will affect the more advanced economies of the region, such as the republic of Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong of ChinaSecondly, declines in property markets will further dampen domestic demand. The reduction in housing prices will have an effect on real estate investments, which have played a particularly important role in the growth of domestic demand in a number of countries--most notably in China, where the property sector accounts for about one quarter of all investment.Private consumption will also be affected by the fall in property prices, particularly in the more advanced economies in the region, where property assets account for a more significant portion of household wealth.Thirdly, reduced bank lending is the most significant factor curtailing corporate activity and domestic demand.The concern here is that an increase in non-performing loans will result in greater restraints on and a reduction in new lending, leading to possible higher costs for new borrowers. Increased borrowing costs may in turn add further pressures resulting in a greater number of corporate defaults参考译文：今天，我主要谈一下这次亚太地区金融危机带来的主要影响，即内需下降。
我特别想谈论导致内需下滑的主要原因。
自2008年九月中旬以来，世界范围内的发展中国家股票市场的市值都大幅缩水，这反映出全球性的信贷紧张，投资人纷纷撤离资金，以求自保。
证券市场的预计会对内需产生不少影响，抑制内需，特别是个人消费和企业投资方面。
虽然在发展中国家，个人和机构在证券市场的投资比重比在发达国家小，但该市场的不景气会影响到改地区内一些较发达的经济体，例如韩国、新加坡以及中国香港。
其次，房地产市场的低迷会进一步减少内需，房价下跌将影响房地产业的投资，而在该领域的投资对于一些发展中国家内部需求的增长具有重要的拉动意义。
尤其是在中国，其房地产的投资占国内总投资的1/4.（译文1：由于房价的下跌，个人特别是在房屋上投资较多的个人将减少消费。
）（译文2：个人的消费也将受房价下跌的影响，特别是在那些较发达的个人在房产上投资较多的区域。
）第三，银行信贷收紧会直接影响企业投资以及内需。
需要注意的是不良贷款的增加会使银行收紧信贷，会使贷款成本上升，进而增加公司的压力，甚至导致更多的不良贷款。
四、英汉互译（文章汉译英60分）我今天的发言题目是：“基督教在西方民主政治发展中的作用。
”我认为：西方民主是在自身文化的历史进程中形成和发展的，其中宗教，特别是基督教始终起着独特的复杂作用。
作为官方意识形态的基督教教义，整体上并不是革命的，但这并不排斥其关于平等和法治的一些教义曾经起到的积极作用。
它在经过民主革命者改造和利用以后，有利于鼓舞人们推翻封建专制的暴政，捍卫人民的自由权利。
而且，在现代推进民主事业的过程中，基督教的不同派别，包括天主教，东正教和新教所起的作用并不相同。
西方国家在宗教和政治文化上的差别，对于其民主进程也有相当的关联作用。
The topic of my speech today is “The role of Christianity in the Development of western Democracy and Politics”.I hold the view that western democracy and politics come into being and develop within a context of its own culture.Religion, especially Christianity, has been playing a unique and complicated role.Generally speaking, official doctrines in Christianity do not emphasize on revolution. However, its preach for equality and rule by law played a positive role in history. Being reformed and utilized by democratic revolutionists, it inspires people to fight against feudal tyranny and in turn safeguards their freedom. In addition, different branches of Christianity, namely Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox and Protestantism play different roles in the advancement of modern democracy. Different cultures also lead to different types of democracies among western countries.。