初中英语语法专题资料(含讲义与练习题)

第一讲名词和冠词一名词：世界上由万事万物构成的，这些事物各有名称，表示这些名称的名词叫作名词。

名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词专有名词：表示具体的人名，事物，地名，机构和节日等名称的词称为专有名词。

（专有名词开头第一个字母必须大写）①表示人：Yang Liwei 杨利伟Alice 爱丽丝②表示事物：the Changjiang River 长江December 十二月③表示地名：Macao 澳门New York 纽约④表示节日: Christmas Day 圣诞节Children’s Day 儿童节⑤表示机构：WTO 世界贸易组织the University of London 伦敦大学（一）名词的单复数形式：可数名词的单复数形式2. 不规则变化⑴名词复数的特殊形式man—men, woman—women, policeman—policemen, Englishman—Englishmen,foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children, German—Germans⑵有些名词的单复数形式同形Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish⑶合成名词，只将其主题词变为复数形式girl student—girl students pencil-box—pencil-boxes⑷由man和woman构成的合成词，全部变成复数man doctor—men doctors woman teacher ---women teachers⑸只有复数的名词trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, goods, compasses, stairs, people, scissors,chopsticks⑹不可数名词的数量表达a piece of bread/meat; five drops of water; six bags of rice; seven pairs of shoes;eight basketball of apples; nine piece of news课堂练习：A组：选择最佳答案1. Mrs. Lenny gave us ______________ on how to learn English well.A) some advices B) many advices C) some advice D) an advice2. If these trousers are too big, buy a small _______________A) set B) one C) pair D) copy3. A group of __________ are talking about two ______________A) Frenchmans; Germen B) Germans; FrenchmansC) Frenchmen; Germans D) German; Frenchmen4. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---______________, please.A) two cup of coffee B) two cups of coffeeC) two cups of coffees D) two cup of coffees5. My mother and my sister are both _____________________A) woman teachers B)women teacher C) woman teacher D) women teachers6. We needn’t buy any __________. There are many in the fridge.A) fruit B) milk C) meat D) eggs7. How many ___________ can you see?A) milks B) a glass of milk C) glasses of milks D) glasses of milk8. I think maths ______________ very useful.A) is B) are C) am D) be9. The little baby has two __________ already.A) tooth B) tooths C) teeth D) teeths10. I’m thirsty, please make _________ for me.A) a tea B) a cup of tea C) teas D) a cup of teasB组：用所给词的正确形式填空1. I have two _________________(knife).2. They come from different _________________(country).3. The _________(meet) begins at 2:00 in the afternoon.4. We have quite lots of nice ___________(photo). Let me show you some of them.5. How many ___________(foot) does a cat have?6. There are many ___________(bus) on the road.7. Look at the picture, a lion is running after a group of _____________(deer).8.Here is a birthday card for you with our best _____(wish).9. Changjiang River is one of the longest ______________(river) in China.10. The students in Class 1 are all __________________(Japan).C 组：判断对错1. A: My glasses is broken. ( ) B: My glasses are broken. ( )2. A: I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ( )B: I want to buy two shoes. ( )3. A: I need a few ink. ( ). B: I need a little ink. ( )4. A: Don’t eat too much meat. ( ) B: Don’t eat too much meats. ( )5. A: May I borrow two radioes? ( ) B: May I borrow two radios? ( )(二) 名词所有格：表示名词所属关系的一种形式1. 单数名词的所有格，只需在词尾加’s Jim’s sister Lucy’s pen2. 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只加’the students’ book Teachers’ Day3. 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，应加’s Children’s Day Women’s Day4. 表示几个人共有的东西，只需要在最后一个人的名词后面加’s, Lucy and Lily’s bedroom5. 表示各自所有的，则每个名词都加’s Lucy’s and Lily’s desks6. 名词所有格常用省略式，省去被名词所有格修饰的名词at the doctor’s7. “of+ 名词所有格”，通常作后置定语，这种结构通常指整体中的部分或一个a friend of my father’s the window of the roomA组：选择最佳答案1. Tony’s car is more beautiful than _______________________.A) his brother’s and sister B) his brother and sisterC) his brothers and sisters D) his brother and sister’s2. ---How long does it take to get to the station? ---It’s ____________ walk.A) six minute’s B) six-minutes C) six minutes’D) six minutes3. These are _____________ bikes.A) Jin and Sam’s B) Jim’s and Sam C) Jim and Sam D) Jim’s and Sam’s4. Twelve __________ were hurt, but no __________ were lost in the accident.A) person; life B) people; lives C) peoples; lives D) persons; life5. There’s something important in _________________.A) paper of today B) today newspaper’s C) today newspaper D) today’s newspaper6. Miss Smith is a friend of _______________A) Mary’s mother’s B) Mary’s mother C) Mary mother’s D) mother’s of Mary7. Joan is _____________ sister.A) Mary and Jack B) Mary’s and Jack’s C) Mary’s and Jack D) Mary and Jack’s8. I will give you __________ to finish it.A) two week’s time B) two week time C) two weeks’ time D) two weeks time9. This is not your radio, but __________________A) yours brother B) your brother’s C) you brother’s D) yours brother’s10. My school is about twenty __________ walk from here?A)minute B) minutes’C) minute’s D) minutes二冠词：英语中名词前常会出现a,an或the这三个词，用来说明名词所表示的人或事物，冠词是虚词，是名词的一种标志，它不能脱离名词独立存在，不能单独作句子成分。