常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧

1. 重复法(repetition)

2. 增译法(amplification)

3. 减译法(omission)

4. 词类转移法(conversion)

5. 词序调整法(inversion)

6. 分译法(division)

7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation)

8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices)

1. 重复法

We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。

1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.

2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties.

3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.

4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1）Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （译文2）I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）

2. 增译法

增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。

I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)

2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”

3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

6. 班门弄斧Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

3. 减译法

增译法的反面减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来, 因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意, 或者在译文中是不言而喻的; 减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省译和分为结构省译和精炼压缩。所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段，那么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段，前者明显，后者隐晦。

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学。If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，总是石沉大海。A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。

It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather! （一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。

1. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.

2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to prob e into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”

3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。They have done much more for the state than we have.

4. 词类转换法

英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。汉译英时则反其道而行之。

For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对