写作原则
小说写作的基本原则

小说写作的基本原则小说一直以来都是文学作品中最受欢迎的形式之一。
而要写好一部小说,则需要遵循一些基本原则,以确保作品的质量和吸引力。
本文将介绍小说写作中的一些基本原则,并阐述其重要性与应用。
一、创造有吸引力的情节情节是小说的灵魂,是读者产生兴趣和情感共鸣的重要因素。
一个好的情节应当具有引人入胜的故事线索,充满悬疑、冲突和转折。
通过建立有足够张力的情节,作者能够吸引读者的注意力并保持他们的阅读兴趣。
二、塑造立体的角色形象角色是小说中的重要元素之一。
一个好的角色应当具有独特的性格、动机和目标,使读者产生情感共鸣并对其故事经历产生关注。
作者应当通过描写角色的外貌、行为、对话和内心独白来展现他们的个性和发展,使读者能够更好地理解和感受到角色的存在。
三、合理运用情感描写情感是人类的基本属性,也是小说的重要组成部分。
作者应当善于运用情感描写来传递故事中角色的情绪和感受,使读者更好地投入到情节中。
通过细腻而真实的情感描写,读者能够更加深入地了解角色的内心世界,并与之情感共振。
四、精选准确的语言表达语言是小说的表达工具,是作者与读者之间进行交流的桥梁。
一个好的小说应当使用准确、生动且恰如其分的语言表达,以让读者更好地理解故事情节和角色的意图。
作者应当注意词语的选择和使用,避免过于晦涩或庸俗的表达方式,以保持作品的高质量和审美价值。
五、注意节奏与结构的安排节奏和结构是影响小说阅读体验的重要因素。
作者应当注意情节发展的节奏把握,避免过于拖沓或过于短促的叙事速度。
同时,作者还需合理安排章节、段落的划分,确保故事的逻辑清晰和读者的阅读舒适度。
六、注重文学修养与思想深度作为文学形式的小说,除了娱乐读者之外,也应该具备一定的文学价值和思想深度。
作者应当积极提升自己的文学修养,注重对社会、人生和人性的反思,使作品更富有思想性和哲理性。
同时,作者也应当注意避免浅薄和肤浅的作品内容,以提升读者的阅读体验。
综上所述,小说写作的基本原则包括创造有吸引力的情节、塑造立体的角色形象、合理运用情感描写、精选准确的语言表达、注意节奏与结构的安排,以及注重文学修养与思想深度。
写作主体段落的写作原则与技巧

写作主体段落的写作原则与技巧写作主体段落是一篇文章的重要组成部分,它承载了文章的主要内容和论点。
在写作主体段落时,需要遵循一些写作原则和技巧,以确保文章内容连贯、有条理、有说服力。
以下是一些写作主体段落的写作原则与技巧。
一、一段一主题。
写作主体段落的一个基本原则是每个段落只讨论一个主题或一个论点。
这样可以保证文章结构清晰,读者容易理解和接受。
在写作主体段落前,作者应该先梳理好自己的思路,确定每个段落的主题,并尽量将一个主题完整地阐述在一个段落中。
二、逻辑严密。
写作主体段落需要有清晰的逻辑结构,使读者能够理解作者的观点和论证过程。
为了实现逻辑严密,作者可以采用一些方法,如按照时间顺序、空间顺序、重要性顺序等进行排列;使用连接词和过渡句来引导读者,使段落之间有衔接;使用逻辑链条,将每个观点和论据之间进行连接,形成完整的逻辑链条。
三、用事例和证据支持论点。
为了增加写作主体段落的说服力,作者可以使用事例和证据来支持自己的观点和论证。
事例可以是真实的案例、个人经历或者引用他人的观点和研究结果等。
证据可以是统计数据、科学实验结果、学术研究成果等。
通过使用具体的事例和可靠的证据,作者可以让读者更容易接受自己的论点。
四、使用恰当的引用和注释。
当作者在写作主体段落中引用他人的观点、研究成果或者引用他人的文字时,需要使用恰当的引用和注释。
这可以增加写作的可信度和权威性。
在引用他人观点时,作者应该注明出处,让读者可以追溯到原始资料。
在注释时,作者应该解释引用的内容与自己观点的关系,以及其对论证的重要性。
五、提供合理的解释和分析。
当作者在写作主体段落中阐述观点和论证时,需要提供合理的解释和分析。
这样可以帮助读者更好地理解和接受作者的观点。
解释可以是对事实、数据或者观点的解读;分析可以是对问题或现象的分析和解剖。
通过提供合理的解释和分析,作者可以更好地表达自己的观点,并增强文章的可信度和说服力。
六、注意语言和句式的多样性。
写作的七个基本原则

写作的七个基本原则
1.明确目的
写作前要明确自己的写作目的,即要表达什么信息或者传达什么意思。
这样能够让文章更加清晰并且有针对性,避免走题。
2.逻辑清晰
写作时应遵循逻辑,将文章的主题、要点和论据组织得有条理。
可以通过段落分明、首尾呼应、过渡自然等方式使文章更易理解。
3.简洁明了
写作时要力求言简意赅,用简洁明了的语言表达自己的观点。
避免使用冗长、模糊的句子,以及不必要的修饰词和插入语。
4.语言准确
写作时要注意语句的准确性,避免使用模棱两可、含糊不清的词语和表达方式。
可以通过用具体的词语、准确的数据和丰富的描述来增强文章的可信度。
5.注意结构
写作时要注意文章的整体结构,包括引言、正文和结论。
引言引发读者兴趣,正文展开论述,结论总结全文并得出结论。
合理的结构可以使文章有条不紊地展开。
6.注重细节
写作时要注重细节,例如使用恰当的标点符号、正确的拼写和语法,以及合适的段落间距和字体格式。
细节的处理能够提升文章的整
体质量。
7.多次修改
写作完成后,要进行多次修改和润色。
可以检查文章的逻辑结构、语法错误、表达是否清晰等方面,并根据需要进行修正和调整,直至
达到最佳状态。
总结:
写作的七个基本原则包括明确目的、逻辑清晰、简洁明了、语言准确、注意结构、注重细节和多次修改。
遵循这些原则能够使文章更加
准确、流畅和有条理,提升写作的质量。
无论写作什么类型的文章,
这些基本原则都是通用的,可以帮助我们成为更好的作家。
学术写作的五个核心原则

学术写作的五个核心原则学术写作是指在学术领域中进行研究并进行相关表达的过程。
无论是学术论文、报告还是学术文章,都需要遵循一定的写作原则,以确保内容准确、逻辑清晰、可读性强。
本文将介绍学术写作的五个核心原则。
一、准确性在学术写作中,准确性是最基本的要求。
作者需要确保所表达的观点、事实和引用的资料都是真实可信的。
为了保证准确性,作者需要进行充分的研究,并引用可靠的来源。
此外,作者还需避免主观臆断和不必要的推测,以免给读者留下不可靠的印象。
二、清晰性学术写作的第二个核心原则是清晰性。
作者需要通过清楚、明确的语言来传达自己的观点和想法。
为了实现清晰性,作者需要有条理地组织自己的论述,使用简洁明了的语句,避免冗长和晦涩的句子结构。
此外,合理运用段落和标点符号也能帮助读者更好地理解文章。
三、逻辑性逻辑性是学术写作的重要原则之一。
作者应该用逻辑有序的方式组织文章内容,使之符合常理和自然规律。
为了确保逻辑性,作者需要在文章开始时阐明主题,明确论点,并按照一定的逻辑顺序展开论证。
同时,每一段的主题句应与上下文相呼应,构成连贯的思路。
四、精确性学术写作追求的是精确性。
作者需要避免使用模糊或不明确的词汇和表达方式,而应该采用精确的词汇和准确的表达方式。
此外,避免使用重复的词语也是保持精确性的一种方法。
作者还应该遵循学术规范,准确使用专业术语,以确保读者能够准确理解作者的意思。
五、可读性学术写作虽然注重专业性,但也应该追求可读性。
为了提高文章的可读性,作者应该用简洁、明了的语言,避免过多的复杂句式和难懂的词汇。
正确使用段落、标题和标点符号,可以帮助读者更好地理解文章的结构和主旨。
此外,合理使用图表和例子也能提升文章的可读性。
综上所述,准确性、清晰性、逻辑性、精确性和可读性是学术写作的五个核心原则。
无论是初学者还是有经验的作者,都应该努力遵循这些原则,以提高自己的学术写作水平。
只有写作准确、清晰、有逻辑、精确而且可读的文章才能真正有效地传递作者的意图和观点,也能够获得更好的学术认可。
新闻写作的三大原则

新闻写作通常遵循三大原则,即客观性、准确性和简洁性。
这些原则有助于确保新闻报道的质量、可信度和可读性。
客观性:新闻写作应该追求客观性,即以客观、中立的态度来报道事件和事实,避免主观偏见和个人情感的介入。
记者应该尽量回避个人立场和评价,而是提供事实、数据和不同观点,让读者自行评估和形成自己的看法。
准确性:新闻报道应该准确地反映事实,并确保所提供的信息真实可靠。
记者在撰写新闻时应进行充分的调查和核实,确保引用的资料和引述的言论的准确性。
任何错误或误导性的信息都应尽快纠正和更正。
简洁性:新闻报道应尽量简洁明了,用简练的语言和结构表达信息,让读者能够迅速理解和消化。
新闻写作应遵循"五个W和一个H"的原则,即回答谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么和如何等关键问题,同时突出核心要点和重要细节。
除了这三大原则,新闻写作还应遵循其他原则,如及时性、完整性、公正性、可读性等,以提供全面、全面和有价值的新闻报道。
记者在撰写新闻时应秉持职业道德和伦理标准,尊重事实和读者的权益。
写作指导:作文立意的五大原则

清⼈王夫之说:“意犹帅也,⽆帅之兵,谓之乌合。
”没有统帅的军队是乌合之众,没有主题的⽂章就没有灵魂。
因此,⽴意对⼀篇⽂章来说显得⾮常重要,⽴意的“有⽆⾼下”是决定⽂章成败的关键。
那么,如何⽴意才能使⽂章焕发出光彩,使⼈看后感到⽿⽬⼀新呢?我认为,要遵循以下五个原则: ⽴意求准 ⽂章⽴意准确是写好⼀篇⽂章的最基本要求,描写再⽣动、逼真,假如不能表现正确的思,也是失败之作。
我们在⽴意的时候,要选取符合当今社会公德和时代精神的,如:歌颂真、善、美,抨击假、丑、恶,提倡以⼈为本、爱国守法、诚信、环保、⽆私奉献、敬业、⾃强、与时俱进等等,这样才能符合当今社会积极、健康的主流,让别⼈看了不会产⽣厌恶之感。
⽴意求深 深刻的⽴意来⾃深⼊的思考,写作⽂之前我们要多问⼏个为什么,⼒求挖掘出事物最本质的东西来。
⽐如,只从刻苦学习⽅⾯来分析⼀个学⽣成绩优秀是不够深刻的,若能再进⼀步阐述他为什么会刻苦,为什么能持之以恒,或者就学习态度、学习兴趣、学习⽅法、学习习惯等⽅⾯进⾏分析,挖掘出他刻苦学习的原因和动⼒,这样的⽴意,就显得深刻多了。
还有,深刻的⽴意总是与“⾃我”⽆缘的。
我们要⼒求表达对⾃然、社会、⼈⽣的独特感受和体验。
⽴意求新 ⽴意是指⼀篇⽂章的主题,作者所要表达的好恶、观点等。
⼈云亦云,⼀没有价值,⼆没有新意。
我们⽴意时要独辟蹊径,“⼈⽆我有,⼈有我特,⼈特我优”,⽐如,常⾔道“书⼭有路勤为径,学海⽆涯苦作⾈”,在崇尚愉快教育、探究学习科学、提⾼学习效率的今天,应当倡导学⽣这样⽴论:书⼭有路巧为径、学海⽆涯乐作⾈。
⽴意求反 打破思维定势,从相反的⽅向去思索、分析,以求得新的判断与认识,这便是“反弹琵琶法”。
我们⽴意的时候,可以指运⽤逆向思维,从某论点的对⽴⾓度去寻找新观点。
⽐如,⼈们往往认为美丽的风景在远⽅⽽忽视⾝边的景致,由此我们可以反向⽴意:珍惜眼前的风景;⼈们往往对失败、挫折、磨难等没有好感,甚⾄深恶痛绝,我们也可反向⽴意:珍惜失败、珍惜挫折、珍惜磨难……这样⽴意,就容易写出新意,让⼈⽿⽬⼀新。
图表作文写作的七项基本原则

图表作文写作的七项基本原则一、长短句原则写一个短小精辟的句子,可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫。
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。
一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然。
三、一二三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点如此罗嗦。
可毕竟还是条理清楚。
考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。
1)to start with, next, in addition, finally2)first and foremost, besides, last but not least3)most important of all, moreover, finally4)on the one hand, on the other hand5)for one thing, for another thing四、短语优先原则写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的`文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。
公文写作原则

一、公文写作的原则1合法性(1)符合党的基本路线和国家的宪法、法律;(2)符合本系统、本机关主管业务方面的有关法规、规章;(3)了解同层次有关系统、机关的重要决策并与之保持一致。
2实效性。
(1)根据需要发文,反对形式主义与文牍主义。
(2)公文的内容务求符合客观实际。
(3)注重时效。
3规范性。
要求主题明确,结构完整,格式规范。
4严谨性。
要求用语庄重严谨,简明通顺,平实得体。
二、公文写作的程序1写作前准备:(1)明确要求:(2)确立主题;(3)选择文种;(4)收集资料;(5)选择表达方式。
2撰拟文稿。
(1)安排结构;(2)拟写提纲;(3)撰写文稿。
3审核修改。
三、选择文种的依据公文文种主要根据下列依据进行选择:1国家关于公文处理法规中有关文种的规定(参见《国家行政机关公文处理办法》);2发文者与受文者之间的工作关系;3制发机关的职责地位;4行文目的。
四、公文开头(导语)的主要形式1文体制发根据和目的;2概述制发背景3揭示全文主题4阐明基本观点;5以提问的方式写明公文的结论;6表明批准、批转或转发执行的态度;7表明贺意、谢意、敬意。
五、公文结尾(结语)形式举要1使用专用词语、总结全文;2概括与深化主题;3再次强调行文目的或陈述具体要求;4发出号召,提出希望要求;5说明公文生效、施行时间或宣布原公文废止以及处罚措施等有关事项。
六、书写文稿的要求1撰拟文稿应用具有规范格式的发文稿纸。
2文字、图形、符号均应写在图文区内。
3文稿一般用计算机排版打印,签报和批示使用碳素墨水、蓝黑墨水、墨汁等,原则上不使用圆珠笔和铅笔。
4对人名、地名、时间、数字、引文必须准确具体。
5引用公文须先引标题,后引发文字号。
6日期应写具体的年、月、日并使用国家法定计量单位。
7结构层次序数依次为"一、(一)、1(1)"。
8文内使用简称一般应先用全称,并注明简称。
9公文数字,除成文时间、部分结构序数和作为词素的数字必须使用汉字外,都应使用阿拉伯数字。
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经济原则1. Some people are strongly against space research because they think it is an extravagant and wasteful project for developing countries.2. Many people are struggling at the poverty line, lacking food and shelter. Why not use the limited public funds to help them alleviate poverty?3. The primary responsibility of a government is to help its people eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy.4.The development of tourism creates many job opportunities and great amounts of foreign currency.5. Playing computer games all day lavish es parents' hard-earned money.6. China's exports to markets along the Belt and Road Initiative, including Russia, Malaysia and India, surge d in January, indicating that their ongoing industrialization and infrastructure development continued to stimulate economic exchanges with China.7. Improving people's welfare is the government's obligation.Art funding is a luxurious practice to many developing countries.8. The construction of stadiums and theaters squander s the government's tight budget.9. It is a dissipation of taxpayers' money for the government to subsidize artists and musicians.10. It is a luxurious dream for children in the poverty-stricken area to receive formal education.11. Net-surfing is a costly hobby.12. Preservation of endangered species is a great economic burden on the developing nations.13. Hosting the Olympic Games can increase the government revenue and create more employment.14. Unemployment afflict s thousands of workers in that country. Under such situation, a private car is a luxury to many destitute families.15. It is a laudable endeavor to help children in the impoverished area to have access to formal education.16. Sending children to study abroad is a heavy financialburdenonmany families.17. The development of space exploration lavishes the limited public funds.18.College students' taking part-time jobs helps ease the financial burden of their parents.19. It is a great economic burden for a government with a tight budget to subsidize artists and drama companies, which lavishes taxpayers' money.20. Legalization of gambling can bring the government a great amount of foreign currency and at the same time create a considerable number of employment opportunities.时间原则1. An hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold.2. Playing PC games is a time-consuming hobby that occupies students' precious time.3. Computer games are so alluring that many children abandon themselves to playing them.4. Doing a part-time job takes up students' valuable time and therefore affects their study.5. Net chatting dissipates our precious time that should be spent on study.6. Some children lack adequate self-control and self-discipline, so that they revel in online games and chatting all day.7. In order to earn some money by taking up a part-time job, some students even skip classes/play truant and hence their academic performance is seriously affected.8. Some of the students are immature and curious, so they can hardly resist the temptation and indulge in net surfing.9. TV helps people to kill time and drive off their loneliness.10.Children are not encouraged to keep pets because pet-raising is a time-consuming hobby and children are likely to be diverted from their study.11. Soap opera engaging our attention is a timefiller.12.Students should be taught to refrain themselves from chatting online because their sole task is study.13. Those who wallow in the Internet tend to lead an indolent life.14. Some TV programs are so tempting and distracting that many children can hardly focus on their study.15. We should do away with some bad habits and take part in some rewarding activities.16. The precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages, for those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our faculties and capacities.健康原则1. Eating too much fast food is physically damaging, for fast food contains too much fat, sugar and calorie.2. I would rather have health than wealth.3. In order to protect against heart disease, we should reduce the intake of fat, sugar and calorie.4. Smoking is particularly dangerous for teens because their bodies are still developing and changing and the 4,000 chemicals (including 200 known poisons) in cigarette smoke can adversely affect thisprocess.5. Smoking endangers one's health because tobacco contains many cancer-causing agents such as nicotine and tar.6. Meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamins and minerals.7. There are significant health benefits to ' going veggie'; a vegetarian diet contains high quantities of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and is low in fat.8. The best way to lose weight is to reduce the number of calories being eaten and to increase the level of physical activity.9. The causes of obesity are complex and include genetic, biological, behavioral and cultural factors.10. High cholesterol or a high intake of fat can be extremely harmful, leading to heart disease, obesity, and other conditions11. The rubbish problem poses potential risks to people's health because trash contains all kinds of germs and viruses and transmits a number of epidemic diseases.12. Private cars should be restricted because cars emit toxic gases that contain many known carcinogens.13. Due to the deteriorating environment, many city dwellers suffer from some respiratory problems such as a sore throat, bronchitis, asthma and even develop lung cancer.14. Physical exercise is conducive to the ease of one’s mental strain.15. Moderate diet and rest, good cheer, and regular physical exercises are the best doctors.16. Prevention is better than cure.17. We should do away with bad living habits such as excessive drinking and smoking and overeating.18. Stress is affecting one's health, behavior, thoughts and feelings.19. Some health problems that may be caused by stress are as follows: diarrhea, nausea, indigestion, constipation, hypertension, heart disease and asthma.20. Overindulgence in computer games contributes to myopia and obesity.情感原则1. Love never just happens. It parallels the life of an oak tree, growing slowly from a seed in the mud to a slender trunk with barely any leaves and finally into its sheltering glory.2. We cannot manipulate or speed up the amount of years love needs to grow, but must instead, with wit and patience, appreciates one another’s differences and share one another’s joys and pains over time.3. Close friends sit with one another across the course of their lives, sharing its savor---its moments, bitter and sweet4. The development of international tourism may contribute to greater tension between nations.5. For lack of emotional exchanges, misunderstanding arises and sometimes leads to the breakup of a family.6. For lack of adequate knowledge of the local customs and traditions, some disputes may arise when tourists communicate with the locals.7. It is reported that some overseas students cannot adapt to the local life and commit suicide due to depression.8. Tourism creates resentment and antagonism because of the dramatic differences in wealth.9. People should be encouraged to share their joys and sorrows at the diner table no matter how busy they are. In fact, diner time is a perfect period for communication.10. Many young people are obsessed with emotional exchanges with their imaginary friends in the virtual world.11. Those who receive education through tele-education lack many essential interpersonal skills and tend to be self-centered and introverted.12. Indulgence in the Internet gives rise to resentment and hostility.13. The Olympic Games promote international goodwill, enhance mutual understanding between nations and maintain world peace.14. Through traveling, people with different racial and political backgrounds get to know each other better, thus removing misunderstanding and prejudice.15. Telecommuting creates a sense of estrangement among individuals and telecommuters may become indifferent to others and lack a strong team spirit.16. People are so addicted to net surfing that they often neglect the emotional needs of their family members; as a result, resentment and hatred arise.17. Due to the superiority complex, tourists more often than not look down on the local people, which may sometimes give rise to hostility.18. The seed of friendship and cooperation we sow today will burgeon and harvest in the future and China-US partnership of cooperation will definitely enjoy a better tomorrow.智力与教育原则1. Education may have succeeded in equipping youths with skills and the relevant knowledge for the working world but not necessarily in all aspects concerned.2. The amount of time children watch TV, regardless of content, should be moderated because it decreases time spent on more beneficial activities such as reading, playing with friends, and developing hobbies.3. Television is harmful to children because it creates passivity and presents a false picture of reality.It can also exert strong influence on the area of learning and cognitive development.4. A child who often indulges in TV doesn't know the differencebetween reality and fantasy.5. Numerous studies demonstrate a strong link between an increase in television watching and a decline in reading achievement.6. Giving pocket money to children helps develop a correct sense of responsibility.7. With too much pocket money, children are likely to foster a money-oriented mentality.8. Competition builds character; it strengthens our self-esteem.9. Children can develop a strong sense of responsibility during the competitive sports.10. Learning at home encourages children to live an indolent life with lax discipline.11. Through a gap year, you will develop a broader mind, a wider understanding of the world around you, better social skills, improved self-confidence and you will be more adaptable.12. The merits of overseas study include greater global awareness, language learning, cross-cultural communication, enhanced independence, improved self-confidence and adaptability.13. While taking a part-time job, one will better identify his/her career interest and goals, which will help him/her make a wiser choice of the future career.14. Since students are in their formative years, social contacts may expose them to social ills at an age when they can hardly differentiate virtue from evil.15. Military service helps one cultivate a strong sense of independence, self-confidence and accomplishment.16. Studying in a boarding school, children learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success.17. Visits to museums and galleries widen one's horizon, enrich one's knowledge and arouse one's interest.18. Some youths are so naive and sequacious that they tend to emulate their idols who are sometimes negative role models.19. Since some children lack adequate self-control and self-discipline, they cannot resist the temptation of drugs and fall victims to drug-dealers.20. Too much TV viewing is intellectually damaging; in other words, it kills creativity and imagination.。