全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题

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自考语言学概论(2013.1)真题及答案

自考语言学概论（2013.1）真题及答案一单选1.下面关于语言学研究的表述中，正确的一项是A.语言学的研究对象应限定在语言本体内部的结构系统上B.应注意不要忽视对语义的研究C.传统语言学研究指的是目前用传统的观念进行的语言研究D.语言学的理论和方法只在语言学领域内有效,对其他的科学尚没有产生重大的影响正确答案B知识点名称社会语言学、功能语言学、认知语言学等语言学新学派的产生难易程度简单讲解到20世纪50年代，单纯研究语言本体内部的结构系统的路子尽管在分析语言结构的方法论方面取得了重大成就，但是由于过分强调语言的"自主性",企图摆脱语言跟人和社会之间客观存在的千丝万缕的联系，并在不同程度上忽视语义研究，也就越来越显露出自己的局限性。

统计刷题次数:1066 错误率:62%2.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是A.组合关系又称句段关系,其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题B.我们通常所说的"词类"指的就是一种句法功能类C.语言单位的组合,只能采取线性的序列形式D.在线性语链中,在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中,具有共同的句法功能正确答案A知识点名称组合关系难易程度简单讲解不同长度的语言单位的组合可以称为"句段",所以组合关系也可以称为"句段关系".现在一般认为聚合类是句法功能相同或相近的功能类，词类就是这样一种聚合类或句法功能类。

语言单位在线性语链中总处于一定的位置，能在同一个位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能。

统计刷题次数:1271 错误率:71%3.一个声音区别于其他声音的基本特征是A.音高B.音强C.音质D.音长正确答案C知识点名称音质难易程度简单讲解音质又叫音色，指声音的个性或特色，它是一个声音区别于其他声音的基本特征。

统计刷题次数:4816 错误率:17%4.关于单纯词、合成词的分类依据，正确表述是A.一个词由几个音节构成B.一个词由几个语素构成C.一个词的音形关系D.一个词的地位用途正确答案B知识点名称根据词的语素数量分类:单纯词,合成词难易程度简单讲解根据词的语素数量分类：单纯词，合成词。

全国自考《语言学概论》试题和答案

全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题和答案课程代码：00541请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．首先提出“能指”和“所指”这对概念的语言学家是A ．洪堡特B.索绪尔 C ．乔姆斯基D.萨丕尔 2．语言符号具有可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的 A ．任意性B.强制性 C ．离散性D.系统性 3．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是 A.[m ，n]B.[k ，]C.[p ，d]D.[s, ]4．听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位是 A ．音素B.重音 C ．音位 D.音节 5．下列关于“通用语汇”和“专用语汇”的表述，不正确．．．的一项是A ．通用语汇是全社会普遍使用的词语 B.通用语汇包括基本语汇和常用语汇C ．专用语汇主要指科技术语和行业语 D.专用语汇的词语不会进入通用语汇6．构形语素属于A ．虚词语素B.词根语素 C ．自由语素D.黏着语素 7．从词的构造类型上看，汉语“动人”一词属于A ．单纯词B.复合词 C ．派生词 D.简缩词8．“老师鼓励我考大学”是A ．主谓词组B.兼语词组 C ．连动词组D.复句词组 9．下列各项中，谓词和变元之间属于动作与结果关系的是 A ．写黑板B.打篮球 C ．织毛衣D.寄包裹 10．最早的表音文字是A ．拉丁文字B.腓尼基文字 C ．古希腊文字D.古埃及文字 11．传统上把汉字的单纯字符称为A ．偏旁B.笔画 C ．记号D.独体字 12．语法的演变之所以比语汇缓慢，是因为 A ．语法规则比较简单B.语法规则数量较少 C ．语法规则具有强制性 D.语法规则具有抽象性 13．下列关于亲属语言的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是A ．亲属语言是社会完全分化的产物B.亲属语言之间具有历史同源关系 C ．语言亲属关系有亲疏远近的分别D.亲属语言间不存在语音对应关系 14．下列几种社会方言中，具有排他性的一项是 A ．阶级习惯语B.行话 C ．隐语 D.学生腔 15．下列关于“语言规划”的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是A ．语言规划是社会对语言的人为干预 B.语言规划只涉及单纯的语言问题C ．推广普通话属于语言规划的项目D.语言规划可由政府授权的机构实施 16．认为“思维和语言各自发展，二者没有关系”的学者不包括．．． A ．古希腊哲学家柏拉图B.法国哲学家迪卡尔 C ．英国哲学家霍布斯 D.苏联语言学家马尔17．目前对于语言和思维的关系，比较一致的观点是A ．有什么样的思维，就有什么样的语言B.有什么样的语言，就有什么样的思维C ．思维对语言有一定影响，但更重要的是语言决定思维D.语言对思维有一定影响，但更重要的是思维决定语言18．关于语言获得的原因，下列学说中偏重于内部条件解释的一项是A ．天赋说B.摹仿说 C ．强化说 D.刺激反应说19．外语学习中的后期阶段被称为A．中介语阶段 B.目标语阶段C．低平期 D.高原期20．机器翻译可以分为四个层级，从低到高的排序是A．单词、句子、话语、篇章 B.单词、句子、句群、篇章C．单词、句法、语义、语境 D.语音、语法、语义、语用单项选择题答案：1--5：BABDD 6-10：DBBCB11-15：DCDCB 16-20：DDADC二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。

最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析

全国2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% X 10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by manyother factors over and above their linguisticA. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our , which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. (A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which containsA. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the of a language, for example, in En glish, NP ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed byA. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) act is the change brought about bythe utterance. (A. prelocuti onaryB. locuti onaryC. illocutio naryD. perlocutio nary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that _____ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinitythan could possibly have been produced by accident.( )A. Germa nicB. Persia nD. Lithua nianC. Sa nskrit8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a .( )A. con ceptual meaningB. conno tative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic liste ning research tells us a sig nal coming in the left ear will first go to the _____ hemisphere, from where it is tran sferred to the left side of the brain for process ing. ( )A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal in struct ion on sec ond Ian guage acquisiti on suggest that formalin structio n may help lear ners perform some of the followi ng types of tasks except ___ .( ) A. pla nned speech B. writ ingC. casual and spontan eous con versati onD. career-orie nted exam in ati on11. Directions: Fill in the bla nk in each of the follow ing stateme nts with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, andyou are not allowed to cha nge the letter give n. (1% x 10=10%)11. Double a _____ refers to the property of Ianguage which means Ianguage is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meanin gless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meanin gful.12. In the producti on of v ______ , the back of the ton gue is brought into con tact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [ n ] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that gover n which affix can be added to what type ofs ____ to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally in depe ndent unit that usually comprises a nu mber of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a _h ___ structure to sentences.15. The words such as “ pop”meaning a certain sound and “ pop ” meaning popular are inrelati on ship of c ____ homony ms.16. The c ____ view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sen se.17. Exte nsive cha nges in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of En glish. En glish haslost most of its i ______ endin gs, by which it is no Ion ger possible to ide ntify the functionalroles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict f ______differe ntiati on betwee n a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l _____ .20. I ____ is the Ianguage that a learner constructs at a given stage of second Ianguageacquisiti on.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the follow ing stateme nts is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you thi nk so and the n give the correct vers ion. (2% x 10=20%)21. ( ) Accord ing to Hall (1968), la nguage is "the in stituti on whereby huma ns com muni cateand in teract with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols."Most lin guists today accept the view of Ian guage as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22. ( ) Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principleIon ger tha n a word, in other words, whe n pitch, stress and sound len gth are tied to thesentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as inton ati on. 23. ( ) Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the origi nal word but usually do not cha nge its part of speech.24. ( ) When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, wedo not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25. ()“ He has been to New York ” presupposes “ He has been to America” .26. ()John Searle made a distinction between what he called “ constatives” and“ performatives ” .27. ()Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when words areborrowed from foreign languages.28. ()The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Title alone(e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, between friends,neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29. ()Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30. ()The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early languageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if n ecessary. ( 3% 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% 1=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order to understandthe relationship between language and thought.。

现代语言学自考题-5

现代语言学自考题-5(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.______ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language.∙ A. Psycholinguistics∙ B. Applied linguistics∙ C. Sociolinguistics∙ D. Anthropological linguistics（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 心理语言学研究的是语言和心理的相互关系。

它重点解决以下问题：人类运用语言时的心理过程是怎样的，我们小时候是怎样习得母语的，交际过程中我们是用什么方式来识记并加工我们所接收到的信息的。

2.In linguistics, ______ is focused on that how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.∙ A. acoustic phonetics∙ B. articulatory phonetics∙ C. auditory phonetics∙ D. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 语音学从三个既相互区别又相互联系的角度来审视语音现象。

其中，从说话者的角度来研究语音，即说话者是怎样利用他们的发音器官发出声音来的，叫做发音语音学。

3.A theory of grammar must provide a complete characterization of linguistic ______ that speakers implicitly consider well-formed, or grammatical sequences.∙ A. speeches∙ B. utterances∙ C. events∙ D. sentences（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 句法规则在所有人类语言中都普遍存在，这些规则包括讲某种语言的人内在的语言知识体系，这种语言知识体系被称作语言能力。

现代语言学自考题-27

现代语言学自考题-27(总分：58.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ.Directions:Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false{{/B}}(总题数：28，分数：28.00)1.From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety ofa language.（分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：[解析] 从社会语言学的角度来看，一种言语变体无非是一种语言的方言变体而已。

2.When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：[解析] 当一个社区的人们因为不同的目的使用两种不同的地域或国家方言的时候，就会出现双言和双语之类的社会语言现象。

改正：When people of a community speak two different regional or national dialects for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge.3.In Black English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody, and some become the negative indefinites nothing, nobody, and none, as in: He don't know nothing. He don't like nobody. He don't got none.（分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：[解析] 黑人英语中一个经常遭到抨击的方面就是其中的双重否定结构。

现代语言学自考题-14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

现代语言学自考题-14(总分90, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are v______.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:voiced[解析] 辅音要不就是清音要不就是浊音，而所有的元音都是浊音。

2.Of all the speech organs, the t______ is the most flexible, and is responsible for more varieties of articulation than any other.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:tongue[解析] 在所有口腔的器官中，舌头是最灵活的，它比其他任何发声器官在发音变化中所起的作用都要大。

3.To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called d______ are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:diacritics[解析] 鉴于人类所发出的语音经常会在特别细微的方面有所不同，国际音标向其使用者提供了一套叫做“变音符号”的附加符号，它们附加在字母上面作为字母标音方法的补充，以标示仅靠字母本身所不能解决的那些微妙的语音差别。

因此，我们现在有了两套标示语音的方法。

全国自考00794综合英语（一）2013年1月份真题及答案

全国⾃考00794综合英语（⼀）2013年1⽉份真题及答案2013年1⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试全国统⼀命题考试综合英语(⼀) 试题课程代码：00794考⽣答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷和草稿纸上的⽆效。

2.第⼀部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使⽤2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂⿊。

3.第⼆部分为⾮选择题。

必须注明⼤、⼩题号，使⽤0.5毫⽶⿊⾊字迹笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域⽆效。

选择题部分I．语法和词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出⼀个最佳答案，并在“答题纸”上将所选答案的字母涂⿊。

错涂、多涂或未涂均⽆分。

（本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题1分，共20分）1. After he gave a report about the school, Mr Wang _______ the visitors around it.A. went on to showB. went on showingC. went on with showingD. kept on showing2.--What is the model plane look like? --Well, the wings of the plane are ____of its body.A. more than the length twiceB. twice more than the lengthC. more than twice the lengthD. more twice than the length3. It’s too late to go out now._____, it’s starting to rain.A. BesidesB. MeanwhileC. HoweverD.Anyhow4. Old as the car is, ___ it works quite well.A. andB. yetC. soD. however5. “________of them are not here.” means “____of them are not here.”C. Both; NeitherD. All; Both6. The college entrance examination is coming; the students are ____ it.A. preparingB. prepared forC. preparedD. preparing for7. While ____ in the room, we were all very excited.A. waitedB. waitingC. to waitD. wait8. -- “Are you _______from America?”-- “No, neither of us.”A. eachB. bothC. allD. neither9. She asked ______ we were getting on well with our work.A. howB. ifC. whatD. that10.As ____ matter of fact, there was ____ exploration in _____ last house I visited.A. a, an, theB. the, an, aC. a, the, theD. the, a, a11. -- The boy is tall enough ___ his age. --Yes, I was much _____ when I was his age.A. to; shorterB. at; tallerC. at; shorterD. for; shorter12. The food tastes _____ and sells _____.13. Jack is a good friend ______; he often comes to our home for a visit.A. of my fatherB. of my father’sC. for my fatherD. with my father14. Why not trust and use David? He is still as strong as_____ in the team.A. somebody elseB. everybody elseC. anybody elseD. nobody else15.In our country every boy and every girl ____ the right to education.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are16.The boy said he wouldn’teat _____.A. any longerB. no longerC. any moreD. no more17.My sister is very keen _____ art.A. atB. onC. inD. for18. It hasn’trained for a month. The garden needs ____.A. waterB. to waterC. to be wateringD. watering19.He’s been _____a new project which has to be finished by the end of next year.20. Nobody should be deprived _____ the right to education.A. fromB. ofC. awayD. offII．阅读理解。

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全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

Ⅰ. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)1. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language?A. Speech precedes writing.B. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form.C. People were encouraged to imitate the “best authors” for language usage.D. The spoken is used for a wider range of purposes than the written.2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants ［s］and ［z］are classified as ______.A. liquidsB. affricatesC. stopsD. fricatives3. Which of the following words has four morphemes?A. Undoubtedly.B. Instrument.C. Astonishing.D. Thermometer.4. The word very in the phrase “very curious of the answer” is a ______ in terms of X-bar schema.A. specifierB. head1 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题C. complementD. determiner5. According to the way synonyms differ, which group of synonyms do “lift” and “elevator” illustrate?A. Dialectal synonyms.B. Stylistic synonyms.C. Collocational synonyms.D. Semantically different synonyms.6. In the following dialogue between a student and a teacher, which maxim under CP is violated when the conversational implicature occurs?Student：New Y ork is in New Zealand, isn’t it, Mr. Smith?Teacher：And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.A. Quantity.B. Quality.C. Relation.D. Manner.7. All the following items except ______ are major sound changes English has undergone in its long historical development.A. apocopeB. aspirationC. epenthesisD. metathesis8. ______ variation in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.A. RegionalB. SocialC. StylisticD. Idiolectal9. Stimuli heard in the left ear are reported less accurately than those heard in the right ear. This phenomenon is called as the______.A. brain lateralizationB. linguistic lateralizationC. cerebral plasticityD. right ear advantage10. A child acquires his or her mother tongue in a sequence of identifiable stages：______ , one-word, two-word and multiword during a very specific maturational period of human development.A. cryingB. babblingC. holophrasticD. telegraphic2 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

Ⅱ. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. The word “study” does not mean “learn” but “i ______ ” or “examine.”12. The speech sounds we use when speaking a language are called p ______ medium of language.13. A stem refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added, and it can be ab ______ root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.14. The phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length due to their r ______ properties.15. In predication analysis, an a ______ is a logical partic ipant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.16. While traditional semantics mainly studies meanings in isolation, pragmatics focuses on meanings in c______.17. Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes in the sound, morphological, s ______ , lexical, and semantic systems.18. A linguistic t ______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.19. The right hemisphere of human brain processes stimuli more h ______ and the left one more analytically.20. In SLA, many actual errors, such as “goed” and “womans,” are attributable to o______ instead of negative transfer.Ⅲ. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Write a “T” for true or “F” for false on the Answer Sheet. If you thinka statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct3 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题version. (2 % ×10=20% )21. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time would be a diachronic study.22. If the sentence That's, not the ,book he, wants is spoken in the fall-rise tone, it implies that there is some other book the speaker wants.23. Prefixes usually change the part of speech of the original word, but do not change the meaning of the stem.24. According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the brain of a normal human being.25. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.26. According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, promising, swearing and vowing are the most typical cases of commissives.27. Middle English had been deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as “man,” “house,” and “eat” came from the lan guage of the French rulers.28. Putonghua serves as an effective lingua franca among speakers of 56 different nationalities, even among speakers of different dialects of the Chinese language.29. The left hemisphere of human brain is superior to the right one.30. Although formal instruction hardly affects the natural route of SLA, it does provide opportunities to receive comprehensible input.Ⅳ. Directions： Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)31. cultural transmission32. suprasegmental features33. root34. AUX-movement35. linguistic context36. utterance meaning4 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题37. coinage38. language standardization39. language centers40. interlanguageⅤ. Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% × 2=20%)41. Please define competence and performance respectively and describe their differences.42. According to John Austin, what are the three acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously while speaking? And give examples to illustrate them.5 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题。