全国现代语言学自考试题及答案解析.doc
全国自考《现代语言学》历年真题及详解【圣才出品】
全国⾃考《现代语⾔学》历年真题及详解【圣才出品】2015年10⽉全国⾃考《现代语⾔学》真题及详解课程代码：00830选择题部分I.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.A study of the features of the English language used in Charles Dickens’time can be regarded as a _____study.A.diachronicB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.historical【答案】C【解析】研究某⼀时期的语⾔特征属于共时研究，故选C项。
2.Of the following consonants,_____is dental.A.[t]B.[p]C.[?]D.[θ]【答案】D【解析】[θ]是⾆齿⾳，故D项正确。
[t]是齿龈⾳（alveolar），[p]爆破⾳（plosive），[?]是腭⾳（palatal）。
3.The inflectional morpheme in the word“deforestated”is_____.A.de-B.forestC.-ateD.-ed【答案】D【解析】曲折词素指的是不改变单词意思⽽改变单词词性的词素，-ed将单词由动词变为形容词，属于曲折词素，故D项正确。
de-和-ate是派⽣词素，forest是词根。
4.The syntactic rules of any language are_____in number,and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.A.finiteB.non-finiteC.infiniteD.definite【答案】A【解析】任何语⾔的句法规则都是有限的，但是⼈们能够制造并理解⽆数句⼦，这是由语⾔的递归性和⼆重性决定的，故A项正确。
2020年10月全国现代语言学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of( ).A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in theutterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of thesame language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.1A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. Werniker’sB. visualC. motorD. Broca’s10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order tocommunicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. SocialⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1％×10=10％)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to bed .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and aretherefore consonants.13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”,“have”, “do” etc.15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of therelationship between form and the reality.16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe,and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars,and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or atleast a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facialexpressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, thenatural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is2false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2％×10=20％) 21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech;thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, butnot written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/,occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puffof air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech ofthe second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a partto the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in termsof the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification ofperformative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional orirregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internalborrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rulegenerally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. Thedifferences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical innature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the lefthemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same numberof years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3％×10=30％)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole339. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis40. fossilizationⅤ. Answer the following questions.(10％×2=20％)41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are calledsuprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to theanalysis of phonemes into distinctive features.4。
现代语言学自考题-3
现代语言学自考题-3(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.∙ A. langue∙ B. linguist∙ C. language∙ D. learning（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结；其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性；最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。
2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.∙ A. vowels∙ B. consonants∙ C. sounds∙ D. speech sounds（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。
这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.∙ A. the internal structure∙ B. morpheme∙ C. the rules by which words are formed∙ D. word（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。
2020年1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830L Directions: Read each of the following statements carerully. Decide which one of ihe four chokes best completes the statement and put the letter A t B, C or D in the brackets. (2^x10=20%)L Modem linguistics is the scientific study of language, therefore modern Linguists emphiisize Ehe imporunce of language data collected from ____________ .A. newspapers and magazinesB. ihe language peopie actually speakC\ writings by the most famous authorsD. radio broadcasts [ j2. To form the present tense, 3rd person singulitr, of the verb “【each*； we have to add “vs", insteadot'just ' -s，h to it This is required by the ______________ o f English.A. assimilation ruleB. sequential ruleC. deletion rule D, mmpholcgLca] rule [ ] 3“ Case Condition, Adjacency Condition and param&ters are important components in the well-known theory of _____________________ _A. traditional grammar C. universal grammarB. functionaJ grammarD r phrase structure grammar [ J4 The level of syntactic representation that exists after movement cak虧place is commonly termedAS the ”A. phrase stnicwre C. surface structure B, deep structureD, syntactic structure [ )15. _________ is an approach adopted by structural semanticists in describing the meaning ofwords.A. Predication analysisB. Comportential analysisC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics [ ]6. The Cooperative PrincipJe was firsi proposed by _ ______A. John AuMinB. Jokn SearleC. Geoffrey LeechD. Paul Grice [ ]7. Languages in the world can be classified into families, such as the Indo-European family, theSino-Tibciaii family, the Afroasiatic family, the Austronesian family* the Austro-Tai Family, and the Altaic family. Among them ________________________ is the first and most widely investigatedlanguage family of the world.A. Sino-Tibetan B , AfroasiaticC. AustronesianD. Indo-European [ ]8. A person who spends a long time going through college or university tend5 to speak withlanguage features which derive from oneS constant use of the ___________ language.A. writtenB. spokenC. literalD. coHoquial [ ]9. _____ . is the language center wiihin the brain responsible for converting a visual stimulusinto an auditory form and vice versa.A. The angular gyrusB. Broca鲁areaC. Wernicke's areaD. Cerebral cortex [ 110. The acquisidon of a second language is dependent on a combination of learner facrors. Whichof the following is NOT an individual learner factor?____________ .A. aptitjdeB. moiivauonC. instructionD. cognitive style [ 1II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are notallowed lo change the letter Eiven. ( 1 % «10=10*<)11. Language is not an i___________ phenomenon, it is a social activity carried out in a certainsocial environment by human beings.12. While phonetics i$ interested in all the speech sounds us&d in all human languages^ phonologyis interested in the system ot' sounds of a p__________ language.13. A can be divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes according to their positionsin the words.14. A f _________ verb, informally called the main verb of A sentence, expresses existence,2action or occurrence which is limited by person, number, case.15. WPa【we can depend on to make a disunction between polysemy and homonymy is thee . of the words in question.16. The ac( performed when an utterance achieves a particular effect on the behaviour, beliefs,feelings* etc.»of a listener is called p__________ act.17. In old English the affixation of the suffix -yan to an adjective would change the word into ac _________ verb, just as the Modem English suffix m added io adjectives io form suchverbs as blacken, whiten. redden and awaken,18. A pidgin is generally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium ofcomnunicaiion. As a c_________ __ language, a pidgin may contain significant grammaticalfeatures of two or more languages.19. J_________ communication refers to the process of using language within an individual tofacilitate one^ own thought and speech behavior.20. Starting from the prelinguistic cooing and ______________ stage, children move through theone-word, two-word and mulnwcrd stages, gradually acquiring the adult linguistic system as they grow.III. Directions^ Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. Lf you think a statement is false^ you mustexplain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%xl0=20%)21. ( ) The distinction be[ween langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist E deSaussure. Langutt refers LO lhe abstracL Linguistic system shared by all the members of aspeech community while parole refers (o the concrete use of conventions and rules, thusvarying from person to person.322.()The conclusions we reach about rhe phonology of a particular language can be generalizediruci the stud}' of another language-23.()The word ''microphone" consists of two morpheme, of which micro* U a rwt* and "phone" is&n affix.24.() Strictly speaking, (he statement that (he subject usually precedes the ¥亡出and the direct object usually foDows the verb is true in terms of both structural and logical concepts.25.(} In semantic analysis. predication, which is the abstractiuR of the meaning of a sentence►can only apply to statements bu( not to imperative and interrogative forms.26.()There are different kinds of antonyms because swords opposite in meaning dono( contrast each other only cn a single dimension.27.()[jnguiige change is one of the subjects of synchronic linguiilics because ic studies problemsconnected with【ht：charEicieristics cf a lajiguuge as ic exists one dme b for example4theGreat Vowel Shift28+() Some speakers of English are perfectly comfortable using the word anymore in sentences ^uch 加tht following: Tfcioh are expenfiive anyrrLqne.Other speakers of English can use anymore only it there is a negative element, such asrioL in the semence^ Tc*ols are not cheap anymore.This difference between speakers can be linked to a particular region of (he country or itiA panicuiar j;ueial chisg or ethnic group.29”(旧eca空Wernicke? area and angulargjius are all iocated in rhe left hemisphere of the brain.XThere is no biological basis for humans to prefer one panic jlar language over any other. 30.(Our Inn莒uagt： facuky pcrmjis us La acquire any human Language io which we ajeexposed.[V- Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for tlJustration* (3%xlO=JO%)3 f ’ productivity32. front vowel33. articulatory phaneiics34. morphology435. selecdonal restrictions3& commissives37, acronym鹑一standard language39. social dialect40. behaviorist learning theoryV. Answer the following questions. ( 10%*2=20% )41. What [ypc of movement is involved in lhe general question transformation in English? Work out thedeep-structure represenuuon for Che sentence H Will the shop owner hire her?"42. Provide a( least two evidences for the view (hat there is a critical period of language acquisition.5。
现代语言学自考题-14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
现代语言学自考题-14(总分90, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are v______.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:voiced[解析] 辅音要不就是清音要不就是浊音，而所有的元音都是浊音。
2.Of all the speech organs, the t______ is the most flexible, and is responsible for more varieties of articulation than any other.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:tongue[解析] 在所有口腔的器官中，舌头是最灵活的，它比其他任何发声器官在发音变化中所起的作用都要大。
3.To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called d______ are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:diacritics[解析] 鉴于人类所发出的语音经常会在特别细微的方面有所不同，国际音标向其使用者提供了一套叫做“变音符号”的附加符号，它们附加在字母上面作为字母标音方法的补充，以标示仅靠字母本身所不能解决的那些微妙的语音差别。
因此，我们现在有了两套标示语音的方法。
全国 高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题第一部分选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.+first name +titlealone name+last name+titleand thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When anguage and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".( )thought thoughtthought thoughtof the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition_______.( )acquisition is a process of habit formationacquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsare born with an innate ability to acquire languageare equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use第二部分非选择题二、填空题(本大题共10 小题，每小题1 分，共10 分。
最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.( 2% ×10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. ( )A. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. ( )A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “manuscript”is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. ( )A. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP → ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S). ( )A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer”was proposed by ______. ( )A. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. ( )1A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that ______ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinity than could possibly have been produced by accident.（）A. GermanicB. PersianC. SanskritD. Lithuanian8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a ______.( )A. conceptual meaningB. connotative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic listening research tells us a signal coming in the left ear will first go to the ______ hemisphere, from where it is transferred to the left side of the brain for processing. （）A. right B. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal instruction on second language acquisition suggest that formalinstruction may help learners perform some of the following types of tasks except ______.( ) A. planned speech B. writingC. casual and spontaneous conversationD. career-oriented examinationII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)11. Double a refers to the property of language which means language is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meaningful.12. In the production of v , the back of the tongue is brought into contact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [η] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that govern which affix can be added to what type ofs to form a new word.214. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a h structure to sentences.15. The words such as “pop”meaning a certain sound and “pop”meaning popular are inrelationship of c homonyms.16. The c view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sense.17. Extensive changes in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of English. English haslost most of its i endings, by which it is no longer possible to identify the functional roles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict fdifferentiation between a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l .20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of second languageacquisition.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （2% ×10=20%)21.（）According to Hall (1968), language is "the institution whereby humans communicateand interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrarysymbols." Most linguists today accept the view of language as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22.（）Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principlelonger than a word, in other words, when pitch, stress and sound length are tied tothe sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known asintonation.23.（）Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the original word but usually do not change its part of speech.24.（）When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, we3do not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25.（）“He has been to New York”presupposes “He has been to America”.26.（）John Searle made a distinction between what he called “constatives”and“performatives”.27.（）Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when wordsare borrowed from foreign languages.28.（）The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Titlealone (e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, betweenfriends, neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29.（）Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30.（）The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early language IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. ( 3% × 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interference4V. Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order tounderstand the relationship between language and thought.5。
2020年10月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析.doc
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2018 年 10 月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码： 00830Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% 10=20%) ×1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of （）A ． all consonantsB ．vowels onlyC． all consonants and some vowels D ．all vowels and some consonants2．The negative prefix “ in-” in English, when added to the adjective“ possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （）A ． deletionB ．assimilationC． phonetic D ．sequential3． The word “ ecology ” is-morphemeatwo cluster that contains_______________. （）A ． two rootsB ．a root and a suffixC． a root and a free morpheme D ．a prefix and a root4．When we move the adverbial phrase “ every day ” in the sentence “ Every day, we study English ” to we are now ______________ the phrase to the right. （）A ． rewritingB ．preposingC． postposing D ．maintaining5． Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （）A ． complementaryB ．relationalC． superordinate D ．gradable6． In terms of predication analysis , the utterance “ Is it going to snow this afternoon? （”） is a_______ A ． one-place predication B ．two-place predicationC． three-place predication D ．no-place predication7． In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basicword order of________________.（）A ． SOVB ．SVOC． VSO D ．OSV18． Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.（）A ． regionalB ．standardC． ethnic D ．situational9．The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.（）A ． 1-2 B ．2-12C． 1-12 D ．13-1810． In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this ______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（）A ． behavioristB ．nativistC． mentalist D ．empiricistⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is alreadygiven as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language data.12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguisticstudies are called the p________________ medium of language.13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r________________properties.14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurallyalone.15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y isi_________________16.In Austin’searly speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thusverifiable.17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a________________ andsound movement.18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________styles of language.19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditorysignals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.220.At children’languages development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to asentence in adult speech. For example, a c hild might use the word“ dada” to mean“ Dada, come here” ,““ Give me more candy” . Those utterances can also be hcalled sentences.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and givethe correct version.(2% 10=20%)×21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored bymodern linguists.22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separatewords. It is simply a matter of convention.24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed andno new members are allowed for.25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question andthe closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.26. ( )The significance of Grice ’Cooperatives Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker toconvey more than is literally said.27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats withoutsails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their nativetongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3% 10=30%)×31.phonemic contrast32.free morphemes33.hierarchical structure34.co-hyponyms35.utterance meaning36.perlocutionary act37.internal borrowing38.subvocal speech39.contrastive analysis3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯40.caretaker speechⅤ .Answer the following questions.(10% 2=20%)×41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual communities have one thingin common?4。
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⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2019 年 10 月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码： 00830Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% ×10=20%)1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user ’ s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of( ). A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “ girl ”and“ lass ” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in theutterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child , eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of thesame language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.1A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language areimpaired. Aphasics in () area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. Werniker’sB. visualC. motorD. Broca’s10. () motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order tocommunicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. SocialⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, andyou are not allowed to change the letter given.(1 ％× 10=10％ )11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to bed .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and aretherefore consonants.13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence- initial position, such as “ be” ,“ have ” , “ do” etc.15.R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship betweenform and the reality.16. In Austin ’ s early speech act theory,c were statements that either state or describe,and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars,and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adultlanguage.18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or atleast a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facialexpressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, thenatural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations forcreative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T fortrue or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is2false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2 ％× 10=20 ％ )21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech;thus there are still many languages in today ’ s world that can only be spoken, butnot written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/,occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puffof air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech ofthe second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a partto the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in termsof the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searle ’classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification ofperformative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional orirregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internalborrowing — that is, we “ borrow ” from one part of the grammar and apply the rulegenerally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. Thedifferences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical innature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the lefthemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same numberof years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ .Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3 ％×10=30％ )31.assimilation rule32.root33.bound morphemes34.surface structure35.grammaticality36.elaboration37.bilingualism38.creole339.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis40.fossilizationⅤ . Answer the following questions.(10％× 2=20％)41.The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are calledsuprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42.Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysisof phonemes into distinctive features.4。