高考英语考点归纳(四)—虚拟语气

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。

1（1be动词的过去式用were”。

如：►. If I were a boy, I would join the army.►（2则用过去分词”►（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如：►. If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)►. Were I a boy, I would join the army.►. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.►. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（①。

表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。

表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。

如：►. I wish it were spring all the year round.►. I wish I had known the answer.►suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist, request,should + 动词原形或是动词原形。

如：►. She suggested we (should) leave here at once.►（2作表示建议、等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

如：►. His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.►（3“should + 动词原形”►. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.►. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.►. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。

如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。

反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。

如：►. It is pity that you can’t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在►►（2time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。

如：►. It’s time that I picked up my daugh ter.►.（3）虚拟语气用在►►. If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

现在日常会话中。

如：►. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.►►►. I would rather not tell you.Notes:1）当insist 表示坚持要求该如何做一个未来动作或该做什么动作时，可接should+动词原形；如果insist表示的是坚持认为过去的或现在的情况怎样或是什么时，则that从句中动词的时态须与所表示的时间一致，不可用虚拟语气。

►. He insisted that he had done right. 他坚持认为（说）他做得对。

（陈述语气）►. He insisted that I should go there. 他坚持要求我去那。

（虚拟语气）2）suggest 表示“建议”接宾语从句用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明”讲，接宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

3）It’s time that从句中除了用should+动词原形外，还可以用动词的过去式。

即It’s time sb. did sth.比较：１）would rather sb. did sth（宁愿某人会做某事）与现在或将来事实相反。

２）would rather sb. had done sth (宁愿某人做过某事)---与过去事实相反。

Answers: Part I l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA16-20 CDABD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD Part II 1 -20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB21- 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC Part III 1-11 BDCDD DCBAB B虚拟语气专练Part I1．I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the book from which it was made.A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading2．You are late. If you a few minutes earlier, you him.A．came；would meet B．had come；would have metC．come；will meet D．had come；would meet3．I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he everything.A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．A．will take B．would take C．take D．took5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give 6．The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a month．A．has B．have C．had D．will have7．He was busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting．A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be 8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be9．the fog, we should have reached our schoo1．A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for10．—What will you do during winter vacation?—I don’t know，but it’s about time something·A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m de ciding11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come 12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were13．Look! What you’ve done! You have been more careful．A．should B．may C．ought D．would14．Without electricity，what ?A．will the world be like B．would the world be likeC．the world will be like D．the World Would be like15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．A．could have worked B．need have workedC．ought to have worked D．must have worked16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having 18．here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．A．had been B．was C．be D．should be20．Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．do esn’t come 22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowedC．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed23．He did his best in everything；he would not have been what he was．A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that24．I do I could give you a hand．A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．A．come B．came C．should D．has come26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey27．I her if I thought she would understand．A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning29．—If he ，he that food．—Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken 30．Without electricity human life quite different today．A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would bePart II1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will beD. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your adviceA. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.A. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling13. I wish I ___________ with her.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .A. if he didn’t get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadn’t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims untilthey investigate the situation.A. doB. don’tC. didn’tD. didn’t do20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.A. will confirmB. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. hasB. will haveC. should haveD. must have25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend28. It’s high time they____________ this road.A. mendB. mendedC. must have mendedD. will mend29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child_____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. wereC. beD. would be33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.A. should send toB. should be sentC. be went toD. must be sent to36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.A. be raisedB. would be raisedC. raisedD. raise37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot ofgood to her.A. takesB. must takeC. takeD. took39. If only I ________ driving before.A. learnB. learnedC. had learnedD. would learn40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn’t leaveB. Had not, leftC. Hadn’t, leftD. Didn’t, leavePart III1. --- If he _____, he _____ that food.--- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (93 N)A. was warned … would not takeB. had been warned … would not have takenC. w ould be warned … had not takenD. would have been warned … had not taken2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. (94 N)A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. (95 N)A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken4. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. (96 N)A. drove … didn’t getB. drove … wouldn’t getC. were driving … wouldn’t getD. had driven … wouldn’t have got5. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she wouldregret later. (96 上海)A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. (01上海春季)A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored7. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02 上海)A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall9. _____ be sent to work there? (02 上海)A. What do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should10. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海春季)A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had11. --- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. (05江苏卷)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what。