《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲
英文报刊国际商务阅读(第二版)Lesson (2)
英文报刊国际商务阅读（第二版）
28. crater: n., v. 凹陷，下降
A crater
29. the authorities: n.（复数）当局，官方
30. ensue: vi. 跟着发生 31. money supply: 货币供给 是指某一国或货币区的银行系统向经济体中投入、 创造、扩张（或收缩）货币的金融过程。 32. securities: n.（复数）证券
20. chip-maker: 芯片制造商 chip: n. 芯片 21. the two major stock markets in China: 指 中国的上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所
英文报刊国际商务阅读（第二版）
22. trigger: vt. = trigger off 触发，引起 The report has triggered a fierce response from the governor. 报道引起了州长的强烈反应。 The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country. 周末发生的种族屠杀引发了全国上下一片抗 议示威活动。 23. sell-off: n. 抛售
英文报刊国际商务阅读（第二版）
18. Procter & Gamble: 宝洁公司 简称P&G，是一家美国消费日用品生产商，也是目 前全球最大的日用品公司之一。总部位于美国俄亥 俄州辛辛那堤（Cincinnati , Ohio ），全球员工近 110,000人。2008年，宝洁公司是世界上市值第6大 公司，世界上利润第14大公司。我们身边很多著名 的品牌就是宝洁公司的产品，如吉列（Gillette ）、 佳洁士（Crest）、欧乐B（Oral-B）、碧浪 （Ariel ）、汰渍（Tide）、飘柔（Rejoice ）、 海飞丝（Head & Shoulders）、潘婷（Pantene ）、 沙宣（Sassoon ）、伊卡璐（Clairol）、舒肤佳 （Safeguard）、护舒宝（Whisper）、帮宝适 （Pampers）、SK-II、Olay等。
商英复习提纲
商英复习提纲1、选择题2、英汉互译3、翻译下册UNIT 1基价：base price商行：business house招标：call for tender商品目录：catalogue商务参赞：Commercial Attache经销商：dealer商务参赞处：Commercial Councillor’s Office价目单：price list数量折扣：quantity discount即期汇票：sight draft特殊订单：special order相关的信用证：the covering L/C跨国公司：transnational company畅销品：best/quick seller；quick-selling product开辟市场：establish/open/penetrate a market有销路：find a ready market；have a good market交易会：trade fair即期发货：prompt delivery发货时间：time of delivery一般询盘：general enquiry具体询盘：specific enquiry贴现行情：discount quotation享有盛誉：enjoy great popularity1）A：We’re thinking of placing an order for Chinese tea from your company.A：我方打算从你公司订购中国茶叶。
B：Which would you prefer, black or green tea?B：红茶还是绿茶？A：Both are very popular in my country. Could I have a look at your samples?A：两种茶叶在我国都很受欢迎。
能看看样品？B：Sure. This is Oolong Tea from Fujian and Longjing Tea from Xihu…B：当然可以。
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff 配额和关税Government intervention 政府干预Zero-sum game 零和博弈Positive-sum game 常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论）Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减规律Green revolution 绿色革命Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制Deposit 佣金First mover advantage 先占优势Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit 信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票）Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口）Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差）It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损）Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。
英语报刊选读复习资料
读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思熟读而精思I. 所学习过文章中的词汇：1.post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)2.missing in action (MIA)3.junta4.intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)5.weapons of mass destruction (WMD)6.an unidentified intelligence source7.surface-to-air missiles8.WHO (the World Health Organisation)9.ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)10.Human Rights Watch (HRW)11.preventive detention12.al-Qaeda tranining camps13.MP14.the shadow cabinet15.the House of Commons16.the deputy leader of the Labour party17. a senior Conservative/Labour backbencher18.Christie’st HennessyMoët Hennessy19.Moë20.tycoon21.chaebol22.municipal wastendfill24.International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN)25.the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)26.GPS27.the needy28.the have-nots29.the China Charity Federation30.the UN World Food Programme31.tax relief, tax breaks Got TalentBritain’s Got Talent32.Britain’33.the Brandenburg Gate34.MEPII. Appendixes p.317-318报刊名称(略)III. News agenciesAP, UPI, Reuters，AFP and other agencies (P. 316)IV. 外来词和委婉语p. 286-291chauvinismdebutde factoembargopaparazzo读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思熟读而精思per capitade luxethe needythe have-notsthe well-preserved menpreemptive actionwelfare motherV. 表示消息来源的词语p. 252-253authoritative sourcesdiplomatic sourcesan unidentified sourceaccording to an anonymous sourceVI. 时新词 p. 184-185brain draincrunchtechnicallyinfotainmentironicallylooking-glassmom-and-poppink slipshowcasevidiotVII. 缩写词 p.128-129WWFEUGMGOPGPSIAEANASANYSEPOWVIII. 标题语法特征（p.97-100）略IX. 段落翻译：所讲授文章的部分段落和翻译练习中的三段，如以下段落。
商务英语选读(考试复习提纲)
Marketing1．Definition of marketingA.Official definition of AMA:The performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user.B.Definition in text book: 4P：Product: the right product or servicesPlace: the products and services to the right people at the right place in the right timePrice: at the right pricePromotion: using the right promotional technique.2. Development of marketing philosophy and historical background (5 stages)A. production: availability and affordability, increase demandsB. product: quality and features, to produce enough is not enoughC. selling: focus on seller, equal quality improve selling skillsD. marketing: focus on buyer, the needs of target markets (we sell because you need it)E. societal: in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and society’s well-being.3. FranchisingA. Definition: a license to sell another’s products or to use another’s name in business, or both, is a franchise.B. advantages for franchiseea. instant recognitionb. management assistancec. financing assistanced. reduced failure ratesC. disadvantages for franchiseea. initial, ongoing and loyalty feeb. lost of independence and autonomy in the regimec. inhibit the development of small business (single proprietorships and partnerships)D. advantages and disadvantages for franchisora. advantages: Receive a shortcut to profits and brand recognition in chinab. disadvantages:Leadership (Management)1.Decision making: choosing one action over other possible actions (decision maker)End results often are used as criteria in evaluating a manger’s decision-making skills.Decision-making responsibility distinguish managers from nonmanagers(empowerment).Managers make decisions that determine the allocation of resources in order to move toward objectives translating plans into actions2.Planning: determining the future direction(objectives, the heart of planning) of anorganization (planner) and how to achieve them. Examine the past and predict the future, future-oriented.anizing: identifying the basic framework of formal relationships among tasks, activitiesand people in an organization. Gathering and allocating human and material resources to carry out plans (A. staffing- who should do that, B. purchasing materials, providing facilities,securing financing), intertwined with planning. Divide total work into specific jobs and among departments.4.Directing:A.Leader and motivator:guide others, understanding how people act and how to influencethem to act in desired ways.B.Change agent: one who change of an organization so that it remains effective.5.Controlling: one who ensures that an organization is being operated as planned. (monitorand controller) closely tied to planning- foundation.Corporate culture1.Definition: the set of shared values, norms of behaviors, policies and procedures that holdsand organization together.2.Factors influence corporate culture: national culture, ownership structure(sole proprietor,partnership and corporate) and industryHuman resources1.7 components of HR managementA.Recruitment: purpose to provide a large pool/group of candidates for managers to select thequalified. job analysis, position description, hiring specification(education, experience, skill) book p5-6B.Selection: using application forms, resumes, interviews, employment and skills tests andreference checks to evaluate and screen job candidates for managers who will select and hire them.C.Planning: two factors taken into considerationa.Internal factors: organization’s human resources needs(internal growth, merger andacquisition, departmental expansions and reductions, vacancies, current and expected skills needs)b.External factors: future economic environment(changing demographics(population, age,education), projected labor shortage, pressure from government, downsizing＆restricting＆reengineering)D.Orientation and socializationE.Training＆Developmenta. 4 procedures to determine individuals’ training needs: performance appraisal, analysis of jobrequirement, organizational analysis, employment surveyb.Two training approaches: on-the-job training(job rotation, internship, apprenticeship),off-the-job training (vestibule training, behaviorally experienced training, role-play)F.Performance appraisalG.Promotions, transfers, demotions, separations.2.Vestibule training: a form of training in which new employees learn the job in a setting thatapproximates as closely as is practical to the actual working environment. When the use of actual equipment by untrained employees would be too risky or when the actual work setting would be unconducive to learning (noise level)Finance1.Securities: an instrumentRepresenting ownership/ equity is stocksA debt agreement is bonds(creditor)The rights to ownership is derivativesDerivatives: a contract between two parties that specifies conditions under which payments are to be made (stock options, warrants), whose value is determined by fluctuations in the underlying assets, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, market indexes.2.Differences between common stocks and preferred stocksCommon: voting rights, one vote per share, receive profits after all expenses.Preferred: issued after common, no vote,preference in distribution of earnings, a fixed rate of dividends and assets distribution right when out of business prior to common, no extra dividends except the fixed amount3.Termsa.Corporate charter:b.Bylaws:c.Liquid assets:d.Liquidate:e.Liquidation:f.Liquidity:g.Venture capital:financial capital provided to start-up firms with high risk but high growthpotential.h.IPO: a first-time offering of shares by specific firm to the public.i.Stock index: to monitor the overall level of stock prices.j.The composition of Don-Jones industrial average: based on the prices of the stocks of 30 major U.S. companies, General Motors, General Electric, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, AT＆T and IBM.4.In what ways can institutional investors influence corporation in comparism to individualinvestors (commonly exceeding 50%, typically small, ownership scattered, unable to monitor effectively and have substantial influence)?a.More voting power, more capable of enacting changes in the management andpolicies(through proxy contest)b.Better monitor (more experiences and resources)c.Collective sale or purchases affect stock marketInsurance1.Main types of insurance: depend on which type of undesirable event is insured. The mostcommon types are life insurance (death) and property and casualty insurance.2.Basic products of life insurance companies: life insurance proper, disability insurance,annuities and health insurance.3.Annuity: an insurance product that will help if you live longer than you expect. A financialcontract in the form of an insurance product according to which a seller(issuer) makes a series of future payments to a buyer(annuitant) in exchange for a lump-sum(single-payment annuity) or a series of regular payments(regular payment-annuity), prior to the onset of the annuity.4.How to make profits: charging premiums that are sufficient to pay the expected claims onthe company plus a profit. Invest them in interest-bearing securities such as deposit, stocks and bonds so as to generate more income.Funds1.Purpose and benefit of investing in mutual fundsDefinition of mutual funds: provide an outlet for the savings of individual investors, directing their funds into bonds, stocks, and money market securities.Benefit: continuous management services, greater price stability, reduced risks, opportunities for capital gains, indirect access to higher yielding securities that can only purchased in large blocks.2.Categorization of fundsa.Money market fundsb.New bond fundsc.Stock fundsd.Index fundse.Global fundsf.Venture fundsg.Hedge funds3.Why invest in money market funds?To skirt federal interest rate ceiling on time and savings deposits offered by banks and thrift institutions. Professional management of their liquid funds and reduced risk through diversification offered.4.What is Pension Fund?5.1.Functions of central banka.Control money supplyb.Stabilize money and capital marketc.Lender of last resortd.Maintain and improve payments mechanism2.Monetary control toolsa.Open market operation (selling and purchasing bonds on open market)b.Reserve requirement ( minimum amount of reserves that bank must hold against deposits)c.Discount rate (the interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banks, thus increase orreduce the quantity of reserves which will affect money supply)3.CPI: A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for amarket basket (A subset of products that is designed to mimic the performance of an overall market. The goods are weighted according to their importance.) of consumer goods and services. Can be used to index (i.e. adjust for the effect of inflation) the real interest rate and the real value of wages, salaries, pensions, and for regulating prices.。
《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲
《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲一、词汇词组（英翻中）job title 职别personnel manager 人事主管packaging 包装marketing director销售主管publicity controller 宣传主管managing director 常务董事layout 布局，安排，版面设计house style 印刷风格，独特风格，排字风格letterhead 信头logo 专用标记，标记，商标records for the files 文件记录trade exhibition 商品交易展览会company stand 公司展位delivery date 交货日期printed matter 印刷品relative merits 优缺点head office 总公司board 董事会health and safety provisions 健康与安全规定Bill of Lading 提货单Sea Waybill 海运单Air Waybill 空运单Shipping Note / Shipment Advice 装船通知单Dangerous Goods Note 危险物品通知单Certificate of Insurance 保险证明order book 订货簿shipping date 船期，装船日期money-back warranty 退款保证Samples of Merchandise 货物样品public relation 公共关系in good shape 完整无损，处于良好状态，健康情况良好sole supplier 唯一供给者tradejournal 行业杂志yellow page 电话黄页confirmed irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销的保兑的信用证import license 进口许可证special introductory price 新产品特价bill of exchange 汇票house bills 公司汇票inventory position (BR. stock position)库存水平interest charges 利息费用bad debt 呆账（收不回的账）debt collection agency 债务托收代理trade & bank reference 银行征信（银行提供有关商号信誉等情况）pay-back date 付费日期business card 名片二、请根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。
商务英语阅读考试复习重点
商务英语阅读考试复习重点第⼀单元财经⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，认知商贸英语⽂章的内在逻辑关系，帮助学⽣提⾼阅读理解的能⼒，了解国际财经概况。
⼆、考核知识点与考核⽬标（⼀）课内训练（重点）识记：1. When Banker’s Bets Go Bad银⾏家的猜测落空名词解释：OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 通货监理局Alan Greenspan 艾伦·格林斯潘，美联储主席句⼦翻译：1)The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.2)We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated.2. Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China中国为中⼩型企业提供政府财政援助项⽬名词解释：Labor-intensive 劳动密集型SME: small and medium-sized enterprise 中⼩型企业SOE: state-owned enterprises 国有企业句⼦翻译：In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of theChinese economic.（⼆）阅读技巧（次重点）应⽤：阅读的逻辑技巧（三）课外练习（⼀般）理解：1.Carlyle Group’s Asian Invasion加雷集团的亚洲扩张名词解释：Venture-capital 风险资本Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团Citigroup 花旗集团2. Why the Dollar Is Blooming Again为什么美元再次复兴？名词解释：Greenback 美元（俚语）Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司European Central Bank 欧洲中央银⾏Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银⾏（四）拓展阅读（⼀般）理解：1. How Banks Pretty up the Profit Picture银⾏如何美化收益前景2. Thai Stocks What Goes Up 泰国股市：到底是怎么了？3. Inventing to Order 以市场为导向开发产品4. I t’s an Office Party in Hong Kong⾹港办公楼地价之争第⼆单元⼈⼒资源管理⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，掌握商务英语阅读中的快速阅读技巧，了解⼈⼒资源管理概况。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语〔5844〕名词解释The theory of absolute advantage 绝对利益学说Free trade area 自由贸易区Creditor country 债权Quotation 报价单A counter-offer 还盘Consignment 寄售Bill of lading 提单invoice 发票Beneficiary 受益人Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储藏foreign exchange control 外汇管制Agency agreement 代理合约/协议Business correspondence 商业信函Customs duties 关税Absolute quota 绝对配额承兑Gain progit 获利Futures trade 世界贸易化Knowledge industry 知识产业People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Hague Rules 海牙规则Business reputation 商业信誉intellectual property 知识产权Packed of deal 一揽子交易CFR cost and freightCIF cost,insurance and freightexpertise 专家意见expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field; know-howGDP 国内生产总值Gross Domestic ProductAssess 评定估定to judge an amount or valueTap 轻打开发分接to take what is needed from,to exploitTrade liberalization 贸易自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exportsTariff 关税tax levied by the customsRevenue 收入the total annual income of a stateInput 投入something that is put in businss operationSpecialization 专业化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fieldsMFN 最惠国means most-favoured-nation which is a tariff treament.It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariffcode.Bisible trade it involves the import and export of goods.Immigrant remittance 移民汇款it refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.Tariff 关税duties imposed on goods imported and exportedMaritme 近似的xonnected with the sea or navigationClassification 分类the arrangement of things by groupsContract 合约is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties. Oral business negotiations 口头商业谈判oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions conducted at trade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.Force majeure 不可抗力social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyFirm offer 实盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer.Inflation 通货膨胀rise in prices bruoght about by the excess demand, expansion of monye supply, credit etc.Fluctuation 波动irregular movement of (prices,exchange rates etc.)Drawee 付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn.Confirming bank 保兑银行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C.Bill of exchange 汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment.The invoice 商业发票it is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.Transportation 运输is defined as the movement of freght and passengers from one location to another.Distribution 分配，发行combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit.Insurance 保险is a social device in which a group of individuals transfei risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.F.P.A.(free from particular average) 平安险is a very limited cover confining the insurer’s liability,stectly speaking, to only total loss of the insured cargo,and partial loss of or damage to the cargo is answerable only where the carrying vessel is grounded,sunk or burnt. Regional economic integration is the loosest form of regard economic intergration in which members remove barrier to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regardsto trade with outsiders.翻译：1) International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语复习资料在当今全球化的时代，国际商务英语的重要性日益凸显。
无论是从事国际贸易、跨国公司工作，还是希望扩大自己的职业发展空间，掌握国际商务英语都是必不可少的。
为了帮助大家更好地复习和掌握国际商务英语知识，本文将提供一些复习资料和方法。
一、商务词汇商务词汇是国际商务英语的基础，掌握一定的商务词汇是进行商务交流的前提。
在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、阅读商务文章等方式来积累商务词汇。
此外，还可以使用商务英语词汇书籍、在线词汇工具等辅助工具来巩固记忆。
二、商务写作商务写作是国际商务英语的重要组成部分。
在商务写作中，要注意使用正式、准确的语言表达自己的观点和意见。
在复习过程中，可以通过模仿商务邮件、商务报告等文档来提升自己的商务写作能力。
同时，也可以阅读商务英语写作指南，学习商务写作的常用句型和表达方式。
三、商务口语商务口语是进行商务交流的重要方式。
在商务口语中，要注意语速、语调、表达清晰等方面。
在复习过程中，可以通过与他人进行商务对话、模拟商务谈判等方式来提升自己的商务口语能力。
同时，也可以参考商务英语口语教材，学习商务口语的常用表达和场景对话。
四、跨文化交际国际商务英语不仅仅是语言的学习，还包括了跨文化交际的能力。
在国际商务交流中，不同的文化背景和价值观会对商务活动产生影响。
在复习过程中，可以通过学习不同国家的商务礼仪、文化差异等来提升自己的跨文化交际能力。
同时，也可以参加国际商务交流活动，与外国商务人士进行交流，亲身感受跨文化交际的挑战和机遇。
五、实践应用复习国际商务英语不仅仅是理论的学习，更重要的是能够将所学知识应用到实践中。
在复习过程中，可以通过参加商务英语角、进行商务模拟演练等方式来锻炼自己的实践应用能力。
同时，也可以参与国际商务项目、实习等机会，将所学知识运用到实际工作中，提升自己的实际操作能力。
总结起来，国际商务英语的复习资料包括商务词汇、商务写作、商务口语、跨文化交际等方面。
英语报刊选读复习资料
Unit One★Why is newspaper reading an important class?Reading is a skill-needs practice, has strategies to improve it,Newspapers are authentic source-cultural insight into different countriesThey have short articles-the info is usually condensed, concise, and creatively communicated They can help keep us informed about what is happening in the worldThey extend our knowledge/ New Information- a wide variety of subjects and interestsThey reflect language change★Why are newspapers valuable?A newspaper informs by supplying facts, figures, charts, maps, photos and illustrations.A newspaper educates, going beyond the basic facts to in-depth analysis in opinion pieces, feature stories, columns and editorials.A newspaper entertains with humorous columns, leisure features, comics and puzzles.A newspaper provides a print marketplace for advertisers and prospective customers.A newspaper provides a record for historians and members of a community researching local history.Unit Two★Classification of newspapers1.Newspapers concerning business经济类报刊:Business-oriented;Financial/business news;Analysis of business topics;Wall Street Journal (U.S)Financial Times(UK)prehensive newspapers 综合性报刊:A variety of topics such as political news; sports news; science and technology;Also include business news, however lack of detailed analysis of business topics;The New York Times; Washington Post; USA today(U.S) and etc;The Times; the Daily Telegraph; Guardian (UK) and etc;★Major magazines in America:Time, Newsweek,US News and World Report,Readers’ Digest,Fortune,★Major magazines in Britain:The Economist,New Statesmen,★Major newspapers in America:Wall Street Journal,USA today,Los Angles Times, New York Times,Washington Post,The Christian Science Monitor,International Herald Tribune,★Major newspapers in Britain:Financial Times,Daily Telegraph,Guardian,Times,The Observer,Unit Three★Design of layoutFront Page & Front page termsIn a newspaper, the most important page is the front page since it is designed to arouse the reader’s interest. Editors work hard on front page arrangement and try to create their own characteristic styles.★Technical Terms of Newspaper EnglishBanner headline-Look for the top story of the day;Bold headlines-Look for the other important news stories of the day;Inside/keys-Look for the important news stories on the otherpages;Sections-your interested news;Headline;Lead;(Headline\banner headline\bold headline\byline\cutline\dateline;News service;Lead\subject\news story(main body))Unit Four★There are three main types of journalismStraight news/spot news;Feature (news);Editorial & commentary/opinion;★Component of straight newsStraight news is mainly composed of the following five parts:1.Headline(标题）Headline is the first thing that catches your eye. It tries to tell the whole story in one sentence and then a smaller headline(sub-headline) tells more details of what happened.2.Sub-headline（副标题）3.Dateline（电头/日期行：日期，地点，通讯社）Dateline comes after sub-headline. It consists of three parts:1). the place where the news story was reported;2). The date when the news story was reported;3). the news agency;After the date are the letters standing for the news agencies(通讯社）a.AP(Associated Press) 美联社b.PA(press Association) 英国报纸联合社c. REUTER（Reuter’s News Agency）法国路透社d. BUP（British United Press, Ltd）英国合众社4.News lead(导语）Lead is the first paragraph of the whole news items;Lead tells all the important facts of the whole story in a content-packed sentence.It tells “five wives”—who, what, where, when, why and how about the event.Lead is also named as summary lead for it gives a comprehensive summary of news items5.The body of News story（正文）The body of news stories: The rest of the news item tells the details about the event, such as background, comments and etc.★Features of organizational structureSummary lead is commonly used in a straight news story, which gives a comprehensive summary of news items;A straight news story follows the inverted pyramid structure(the most important information comes first in the lead and the less important information such as background, comments come later in the body of the news);The lead of a straight news story usually answers five questions- “who”, “what”, “where”, “when”, “why” and“how”;Unit five★Importance and function of headlines:First of all, it summarizes the whole news story in one content-packed sentence so the hurried readers can get the gist of the story at a glance.Secondly, it draws the readers’ attention to the story. In this sense, headl ines are usually attractive so as to catch the readers’ eye.Thirdly, since headlines summarize the whole story, it can help the readers to evaluate the story so as to decide whether or not this news story is worth reading.★Types of newspaper headlines:A. Statement/summary (摘要式) ：This kind of headline states the main topic of the whole news story. It is commonly used and is easy to understand. This kind of headline often appears in statement, that’s why it is named as statement sometimes.B. Question (设问式)：However, most question headlines are not real questions. They are statements followed by a question mark. The question headline can either suggest a future possibility or some doubt about the truth or accuracy of the story:C. Quotation (引语式)：This type of headline simply quotes what one says usually in direct speech so as to make the title vivid and lively. The quotation is usually from the spokesman, the eyewitnesses and the people involved in the news.D. Double headlines (双标题)：The double headlines for the same news story are often used for important events:★Language features of newspaper headlinesLexical features:Preference for short & simple words-headline words ;Wide Use of Abbreviations &Acronyms Grammatical features:1.Frequent omission of function words: in particular, articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs and pronouns:(1) Articles, (2) Auxiliaries,(3) The conjunction “and” is usually replaced witha comma,(4) The verb “say”, “said” are sometimes replaced with a colon “:” or quotation marks2. Simplification of tense:(1) Wide use of the simple present tense to describe something happening in the past as well as in the present,(2) The future tense is expressed with the infinitive to replace “will”, “shall”.Rhetorical features:Idioms are frequently used in English newspaper headlines so as to achieve vividness and meanwhile appeal to readers ;Slang;Colloquialism;proverbUnit Six★What is news lead?News lead refers to the first paragraph in a news story.★What is the language feature of news lead?Lead, like all English sentences is built around the subject and main verb.★How to understand news lead?As a result, if we can identify the subject and main verb, we will have a good understanding of news lead and the whole story.★How to understand news lead??Identify the subject and main verb first!!★What is prediction?Prediction means guessing what will happen next in the story.★Why should readers make prediction?It involves the readers in active interaction with the text by making them think about what they have read and what they will read next.★How to make prediction?Readers can make prediction based on the picture, title and the first paragraph; for instance, if you are reading a story about a murder, you can expect to find the answers to questions such as:Who was murdered?What was the reason for the murder?Has the murderer been caught? Readers can make prediction based on the picture, title and the first paragraph.Unit Seven★The body of news itemsWhat is it?The rest of news stories apart from news lead!It usually begins from 2nd paragraph of each news story!★Features of the body of news storiesImportant facts that the writer was unable to include in the lead;Specific details to answer readers’ questions;Statements and opinions by people involved in the story or by outside observers;Background information;New, but less important facts;It might be cut and omitted whenever there is no enough space for it.Unit Eight★Language features of news1.Emergence of news affixes and words: words concerning science and technology,words concerning politics, newly-coined words concerning other fields,2. Extension of words’ meanings: to borrow words from every work of life and extend its meaning.Words from the military field,3. Use of Euphemism:The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that suggests something unpleasant.e of metonymy: the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it.1) the name of an animal is borrowed to substitute a person or an organization.2) the name of a street or a building is used to stand for a well-known establishment or an office, which is located there.3) a well-known person is used to refer to something or somebody sharing the same feature.Unit Nine★Facts vs. opinionFactsA newspaper's primary purpose is to provide reliable information to its readers. To do so, a reporter must let the facts speak for themselves, must convey information fairly.?OpinionHowever, journalists all have their own social, political, economic and cultural background and thus tend to serve the interests of their own nations. Opinions and ideas do have a place in newspapers, in particular, on the editorial page for newspapers.★Bias by word choiceThe use of positive or negative words or words with a particular connotation can strongly influence the reader.Bias through statistics & crowd counts,Bias through use of names & titles, Bias through selections and omission,Bias through placement(Readers of papers judge first page stories to be more significant than those buried in the back. Where a story is placed, therefore, influences what a reader thinks about its importance.Bias by photos(Some pictures flatter a person, others make the person look unpleasant. Pictures can make a person look good, bad, sick, silly, etc. Which photos a newspaper chooses to run can heavily influence the public's perception of a person or event.) Bias by source control (To detect bias, always consider where the news item "comes from." Is the information supplied by a reporter, an eyewitness, police or fire officials, executives, or elected or appointed government officials?)★How is the source conveyed in news?a,News source is usua lly introduced by:Such verbs as “say”, “reveal”, “announce”, “remark”, “comment”;b. By the phrase “according to”;c. By the following passive constructions:It’s claimed that…★How to read a news story criticallyTip1: detect the words conveying bias:As a critical reader, you should pay attention to such words in news as adjectives, adverbs, nouns and verbs which might convey commendatory(positive) or derogatory(negative) meaning.Tip2: judge the source:As a reader, you must learn to judge whether the source is reliable.Is the source named? The reliability of a story is increased if the source is named since few people want to be known as liars.Where is the reporter? Check the dateline to see where the reporter was in relation to the news he is reporting.Tip3: have your own idea concerning a news storyUnit Ten★Opinion writingOpinion: articles that express the opinion of the newspaper’s editors or publishers; articles that reflect the views of columnists or well-known people; Read like an argumentation;Unlike straight news, they do not simply inform or entertain, but also try to persuade readers to accept W’s opinion;★Opinion writing includes the following major types!!Review;Column;Editorial;Letters to the editor;Editorial cartoons★ReviewReview is a description of books, performance, concerts, films, radio and television programs, lectures and art such as painting, dance and sculpture.Book review,Movie reviewUnit Eleven★What are editorial cartoons?Editorial cartoons are drawings or illustrations in the newspaper to help us think about current issues or to sway us toward the cartoonist’s point of view.★Elements of editorial cartoons:Symbolism: Using known concepts, emblems to represent larger ideas, people, organizations andevents.Dialogue bubbles: Used for speech, usually a circle around the words said by someone in a cartoon.Captions/labels: Used to make clear to readers what people and objects are being represented. Exaggeration/caricature: Emphasizing certain physical features or overstating an aspect of a problem. Many times without exaggeration and caricature, the cartoonist’s opinion might not be clear or the problem might not be obvious.Unit Twleve★The editorial★What is the editorial?articles that express the opinion of the newsp aper’s editors or publishers; Read like an argumentation;Unlike straight news, they do not simply inform or entertain, but also try to persuade readers to accept W’s opinion;★Elements of the editorialprimary purpose: They are intended to argue for or against a position and as well persuade the readers into W’s statement;Rhetorical structure(3 parts):Part I: Introduction paragraph: statement of thesis-put forward directly W’s position/put forward the issue in question;Part II: Body paragraphs: development of argumentsTopic sentence—supporting ideas/details/sub-conclusionPart III: Conclusion paragraph: reinforcement of thesis-sum up his main arguments and restate his position/sum up his main arguments and state his position;★Position of main ideas in the editorialThe main idea/W’s idea of the whole passage often appears in introduction paragraph (1st ) or/and conclusion (last paragraph);The location of the main idea/topic sentence of each paragraph is likely to be at the beginning, or the end of the passage and occasionally in the middle of the paragraph.Step1: Carefully read 1st paragraph and last paragraph for it might contain the main idea of the whole passage;Step2: Carefully read 1st & last sentence of each body paragraph for it might be the topic sentence which contains the main idea of each body paragraph;Step3: After having an understanding of the main idea & organizational structure, you can begin to answer the questions;。
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《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲一、词汇词组（英翻中）job title 职别personnel manager 人事主管packaging 包装marketing director销售主管publicity controller 宣传主管managing director 常务董事layout 布局，安排，版面设计house style 印刷风格，独特风格，排字风格letterhead 信头logo 专用标记，标记，商标records for the files 文件记录trade exhibition 商品交易展览会company stand 公司展位delivery date 交货日期printed matter 印刷品relative merits 优缺点head office 总公司board 董事会health and safety provisions 健康与安全规定safety regulations 安全规程，安全规定divisional personnel manager 部门人事主管abbreviations 缩写，缩写词make a firm offer 下订单parking lot 停车场concentric circles 同心圆fiscal year 财政年度，会计年度Branch Offices 分支机构General manager 总经理marketing dept. 营销部photocopying room 影印室purchasing dept. 采购部sales dept. 销售部shipping agent 运货代理商freight forwarder 货运代理行，转运行shipping lines 航运公司customs officer 海关人员duty checking 关税检查Chamber of Commerce 商会Certificate of Origin 货物原产地证明书insurance broker 保险经纪人credit insurance 信用保险Bill of Lading 提货单Sea Waybill 海运单Air Waybill 空运单Shipping Note / Shipment Advice 装船通知单Dangerous Goods Note 危险物品通知单Certificate of Insurance 保险证明order book 订货簿shipping date 船期，装船日期money-back warranty 退款保证Samples of Merchandise 货物样品public relation 公共关系in good shape 完整无损，处于良好状态，健康情况良好sole supplier 唯一供给者tradejournal 行业杂志yellow page 电话黄页confirmed irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销的保兑的信用证import license 进口许可证special introductory price 新产品特价bill of exchange 汇票house bills 公司汇票inventory position (BR. stock position)库存水平interest charges 利息费用bad debt 呆账（收不回的账）debt collection agency 债务托收代理trade & bank reference 银行征信（银行提供有关商号信誉等情况）pay-back date 付费日期business card 名片二、请根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。
该词的首字母已给出( 每小题0.5 分，共10 分)1.不可避免的adj. i nevitable______2.可获利的；赚钱的adj. p rofitable______3.平行的；类似的adj. p arallel______4. 必要的；基本的a. eessential______5.本国的；国内的adj. d omestic______6. 本质；精华n. essence______7.产生；让步v. yield______8. 产生v. generate______9. 关键词keyword______10. 协调；调节v. coordination______11. 厌烦的；乏味的adj. tasteless______12. 合同；契约n. contract______13. 同样地adv. similarly______14. 回顾；检查v. r eview______15. 因此adv. accordingly______16. 地平线n. h orizon______17. 多产的adj. p roductive18. 收获；收割v. reap______19. 有经验的adj. e xperienced______20. 自动的adj. a utomatic______三、请写出下列英语单词或术语的汉语意义( 每小题0.5 分，共10 分)1. distribution channel 分销渠道；销售渠道______2. cataloger 编目员______3. centralized system 集中式系统______4. chief technology officer(CTO)首席技术官______5. consumer market 消费市场______6. credit card _信用卡_____7. local store pricing _当地商店定价_____8. lost sales 销售损失______9. mail-order operation 邮购操作______10. mail-order pricing 邮购定价______11. market niche 市场利基；市场定位；市场补缺基点；市场补缺者12. cash register 收银机______13. new customer paths 新客户路径______14. node 节点______15. backorder延期未交定货______16. business reengineering企业再造业务重建企业重组______17. business-to-business barter _b2b易货_____18. business-to-consumer(B2C) 企业对消费者企业相互抵消费者电子商务______19. buy-in 买进；入股______20. back-end integration 后端集成_____四、根据英语句子的意思，请用括号内词的适当形式填空( 每小题1 分，共10 分)1. Her job was to take care of the wounded______(wound) soldier.2. Her latest film has _generated_____(generate) a lot of interest.3. I am afraid the blistering heat is not _sustainable _____(sustain) to me.4. I had the distinct______(distinctly) impression that I was being watched.5. I thought you handled______(handle) that little incident most professionally.6. In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of compared ______(compare) wealth.7. Institutions financing the project while going through the business plan will be very _interest_____(interest) in knowing how the company is going to beat the competition.8. It is difficult to estimate the exact cost due to so many variables______ (variable).9. It is important to ensure the enforcement______(enforceable) of e-business transactions wherever and whenever disputes arise.10. It is reasonable to predict that a new strategy requirement______(require) to deal with the changing market.五、根据英语句子的意思，从每一句下面的A，B ，C ，D 中选择正确的语言搭配( 每小题 1 分，共20 分)1. Prior __A____ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.A. toB. ofC. inD. from2. The children ___A___ against each other to win yearly scholarship.A. contestB. fightC. rivalD. enhance3. When I last saw Mary she __B____ to her next class on the other side of the campus and did not have time to talk.A. hurriedB. was hurryingC. had hurriedD. has hurried4. Next time I ___D___ there, I'll ask them about it.A. will goB. have goneC. am goingD. go5. The young madam was _A_____ to discover that she was being watched.A. disconcertedB. disappointedC. dishonoredD. dissatisfying6. We __B____ the shops and the post office as soon as we moved into the town.A. determinedB. locatedC. specifiedD. settled7. People just __D____ their rubbish over the wall.A. rolledB. swayedC. shapedD. threw8. Having the highest marks in his class, __B____.A. the college offered him a scholarship.B. he was offered a scholarship by the college.C. a scholarship was offered him by the collegeD. a college scholarship was offered to him.9. Why do you object to __A____ the direction?A. followingB. followC. have followedD. have been followed10. They __B____ the game because of rain.A. desertedB. abandonedC. leftD. departed11. In the 19 the century industry __B____ towards the north of England.A. tendedB. gravitatedC. intendedD. inclined12. __C____ some of the suggestions prove of value to you as well.A. CouldB. CanC. MightD. May13. Before we commence again, let me give you a word or two of advice, _D____?A. shall IB. don't IC. will youD. won't you14. I wish to talk with you in private, _B_____?A. do IB. shall IC. can ID. may I?15. People will not believe a person who always _D_____.A. magnifiesB. enlargesC. broadensD. exaggerates16. The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to _D_____ its success.A. figureB. considerC. rateD. evaluate17. If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14% __C____ still further.A. would riseB. roseC. would have risenD. had risen18. We wouldn't lose courage even if we __A____ again.A. were to failB. would failC. failD. have failed19. John wants to see me today, but I would rather he __A____ tomorrow than today.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. should come20. After his troubles, he's now in ___A___ comfort.A. relativeB. constantC. relevantD. fair六、缩写（5个）PS -- postscriptp.p. -- per pro (on behalf of)c.c. or cc -- Carbon copy to (often now a photocopy) – or cubic centimeters Ref. -- Reference (number)ASAP -- as soon as possibleRd -- roadCEO -- chief executive officerMD -- managing directorc/o -- care ofAttn -- for the attention ofPOB -- Post Office BoxEg or e.g. -- For exampleIe or i.e. -- That is / in other wordsEtc. -- Et cetera / and so onPA -- personal assistantPlc or p.l.c. -- Public Limited CompanyLtd. -- LimitedCorp. -- CorporationInc. -- Incorporatedb/f -- brought forwardc/f -- carried forwardN/A -- not applicableSt. -- Street or SaintSq. -- SquareNo.(US#)-- numberEnc. or encl. -- EnclosureMisc. -- Miscellaneousp.a. -- per annum (per year)PC -- personal computer七、贸易术语（5个）CFR –Cost and Freight 成本加运费价CIF –Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本保险加运费价CPT –Carriage Paid To 运费付至…CIP –Carriage and Insurance Paid To 运费、保险费付至…DAF –Delivered At Frontier 边境交货价DES –Delivered Ex-Ship 目的港船上交货价DEQ –Delivered Ex-Quay 目的港码头交货价DDU –Delivered Duty Unpaid 交货关税未付价DDP –Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货EXW –Ex-Works 工厂交货FCA–Free Carrier 货交承运人价FAS –Free Alongside Ship 装运港船边交货价FOB –Free On Board 装运港船上交货价八、英译汉：Three major sectors of industry:Primary: agriculture, fishing, mining,construction.Secondary: crafts & manufacturing.Tertiary ['tə:ʃəri]第3产业: services, inc, education, banking, insurance, etc.九、汉译英（3个）1、我们的每一个产品都是用百分之百的天然原料制成。