earthquake

必修1 Unit 4 EarthquakesPart One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP)AimsTo listen and talk about natural disastersTo read about earthquakesProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by lookingGood morning class. Have you ever experienced any natural disasters? Look at the pictures, can yo all the disasters?volcano fire sandstormtyphoon hailstone thunderstormflood hurricane earthquakeHave you ever experienced an earthquake? Can you describe how terrible an earthquake is?(The earth is shaking; all the buildings will fall down; many people will die; many children will b orphans.)Warming up by discussingNow, look at the pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco in warming up and describe what you see in the pictures. (beautiful cities; broad roads; tall building; large population.)What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities?As we all know, earthquakes are disasters to everyone. But can we avoid or at least reduce the loss by earthquakes? Can we foretell earthquakes? Now let’s come to Pre-reading and decide what may before an earthquake comes.II. Pre-reading1.Talking and sharingWhat are the signs of an earthquake? (e.g. Cows, pigs and dogs become too nervous too eat. The m run out of the fields looking for places to hide. The water in the wells will rise and fall. Walls of the wvillage will have deep cracks. There will be bright light in the sky….)2. Imaging and sharingImagine there is an earthquake now, your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. Yo time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why?III. Reading1. Listening and fast readingNow let’s come to the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP” and see what it tells us. Please listen to the text and get the general idea of the passage. You should pay attention to th sentences of each paragraph. In what order is the text written? (The text is written in time order. The idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph, that is, the text tells us something that ha before the earthquake, during the earthquake and after the earthquake.)2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy t your notebook after class as homework.3. Reading aloud and translatingNext we are going to read aloud the text and translate it into Chinese.4. Reading and transforming informationRead the text again and answer the following questions.1. What natural signs of coming disaster were there?2. Can you think of some reasons why these signs weren’t noticed?3. Can you describe the disaster caused by the earthquake?4. What events and situations probably made the disaster worse?5. How were the survivors helped?6. Could anything more have been done to help the survivors? Why or why not?4. Discussing writing styleAs you have understood the general idea of the text, I still put more questions to you.1.From whose point of view are events described? How do you know? (A writerwho didn’t see the quake uses the third person “they” when he writes.)2.Why do you think the writer chose to express her feelings about the quake rather than simply report what happened? (Although the writer was not there he felt sad for the people of Tang Shan. He knows that giving some feelings will make the reading more interesting.)3.Why is the title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”? (As usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be quiet and safe. But that night everything changed. The writer used it asa title to show how terrible and how unusual that night is.)5. Reading and understanding difficult sentences.If you have some difficult sentences to understand, come to me for help.IV. Closing downClosing down by doing exercisesNow please do the comprehending Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 27.Closing down by discussingBy now you’ve known that earthquakes are terrible natural disasters and that China is unlucky enough to have a lot of them. Now imagine that your group lives in the city that has a lot of earthquakes, what should you do during an earthquake? Look at the given situation and discuss in pairs.(1) If you are OUTDOORS, …(2) If you are in a HIGH BUILDING, …(3) If you ar e DRIVING, …(4) If you are HAVING CLASS, …(5) If you are in a CINEMA, …What should you do during the earthquake?Situation:(1) how to rescue those still trapped in the ruins;(2) how to take care of the survivors;(3) how to repair buildings that survived the earthquake;(4) what to do with the buildings that survived the earthquake;(5) where to find people to help build a new city;(6) how to teach children about earthquake safety;(7) where to put information for survivors and their families;(8) how to plan for further disasters.Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(The Attributive Clause: that, which, who, whose)AimsTo learn about the usage of who, which, that and whose in the Attributive ClauseTo discover useful words and expressionsProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by discovering useful words and expressionsHello everyone. After reading the passage, we have got to know the usage of the words and expressions, but we should do more practice. Now turn to page 27 to find the correct words and expressions from the passage to finish the sentences. You are given two minutes to finish them. Of course, you can discuss with your partners. Two minutes later, check in pairs and then check with the whole class.II. Learning about language1. Reading and findingTurn to page 26 and read the text A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP. Tick out theattributive clauses in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese.2. Doing Exercises 2 on page 28Turn to page 28 and do Exercise 2 in pairs.III. Ready used materials for Relative Pronouns: which, that, who whom whoseIV. Closing down by doing a quizNow you are going to take a quiz on Relative Pronouns.Fill in the blanks, using which, that, who, whom, whose.(1) The force ( ) causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity.(2) A friend ( ) helps you in time of need is a friend indeed.(3) Do you know the girl ( ) parents are teachers in our school?(4)The woman ( ) I spoke to just now is my English teacher.(5) He saw a house ( ) windows were all broken.(6)Everything ( ) can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow.(7)Can you think of anyone ( ) could look after him?(8)This is the best hotel ( ) I know.(9)The man ( ) I saw told me to come back today.(10)Those ( ) want to go to the Great Wall write down your names here.(11) He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools ( ) he had visited.(12)The ninth lesson ( ) we are learning is the most difficult in Book One.(13)Mount Blanc(勃朗峰), ( ) they visited last month, is the highest mountain in Europe.(14)We know all the teacher ( ) work in our school.(15)The house in ( ) Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.(16)The house ( ) Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.(17)The house ( ) Lu Xun once lived in is a museum now.(18)You can take any room ( ) you like.(19) He showed a machine ( ) parts are too small to be seen.(20)The sports meet was put off, ( ) was exactly what we wanted.(Period 3:A sample lesson plan for Using Language(A letter from Zhang Sha)AimsTo read and speak about travelingTo write a letter describing feeling about travelingProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by discussingHave you ever written a speech? What is a speech? Speech means an act of speaking formally to a group of listeners. What do you have to consider when you are writing a speech? Please discuss it in pairs. (1. Who is the audience? 2. How can we express ourselves clearly?)Warming up by readingWhat should you include in your speech when you try to write one? Read the letter on page 29 and imagine you are the student who was invited to give a speech. Now write a short speech, in which you should follow the points in exercise 3 on page 29.II. Reading and underliningRead the letter and exercises again and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the letter. Copy them in your notebook after class as homework.III. ListeningTurn on your books at page 30. We’ll listen to a story about a person who experienced the 1906 San Francisco ea rthquake. I’ll play the tape three times. First listen and try to get some details that exercises 1 and 2 request. Second listen again and try to finish the exercises. Third listen and check your answers.IV. Guided writing (SB. page 31)1. Making a introductionHave you ever read a newspaper story? Now turn on your books to page 31 and look at Writing. Read the brief description about how to write a newspaper story. Compare a newspaper story to a short story and answer the following questions.1) What should you write before writing a newspaper story? (outline)2) What should a newspaper outline have? (a headline; a list of main ideas; a list of important details)3) Why a headline is needed? (It can tell the readers what the topic is; it can also attract the readers’ attention)4) How can you finish a newspaper story? (First, you should write a headline, then organize your main ideas into paragraphs, and then put some details into each paragraph.)5) Have you found out the difference between a newspaper story and a short story?(Usually a short story begins with small details and includes big details later. A newspaper story does just the opposite. Both kinds of stories use paragraphs with main ideas. In a good newspaper story, the point-of-view is objective (i.e. it has no point-of-view) while a short story is subjective (i.e. it has a point-of-view). A newspaper story has no conclusion; a short story generally does.)Now I’ll show you a newspaper story to find out the headline, main idea and details of each paragraph.2. WritingNow prepare the outline for a short newspaper story for China Daily. You can use the example in exercise 1 to help you organize your outline.3. UnderlingRead the outline and the newspaper story in Writing and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in them. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.IV. Closing DownClosing down by summaryWe have learned a lot about earthquakes. Now let’s have a summary about what we have learned. Look at the following questions.(1) Have you ever experienced an earthquake?(2) Can you describe an earthquake in English?(3) What do you know about the cause of an earthquake?(4) What new information about earthquakes have you learned now?(5) What words and expressions can you use to describe an earthquake?Closing down by finding informationGo to the library to read or get online to search in order to find more in formation about natural disasters.Unit 4 Earthquakes第二部分：教学资源Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源)Section1: A text structure analysis of A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPI. Type of writing and summary of the main ideaII. A text structure analysisRead the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”, and then complete the following chart.III. A retold version of the textOne possible versionStrange things happened in Tang Shan. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell.The well walls had deep cracks and a smelly gas came out the cracks. The chickens, pigs andmice were too nervous. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. Bright light appeared in the sky. People heard the sound of planes even when no planes were in the sky. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at the end! One-third of thenation felt it. A huge crack cut across the city. In fifteenterrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. Two-thirds of thepeople died or were injured. Nearly everything was destroyedin the city. 75% of its factories and 90% of its homes weregone. Then later that afternoon, another big earthquake shookTangshan. People began to wonder how long the disasterwould last.But all hope was not lost. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to help them. Workers built shelters for survivors. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Section 2: Background information on EARTHQUAKESI. Zhang HengZhang Heng (张衡) (78AD—139AD) was an astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar（文学学者）in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China.Born in today’s Nangyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue(从事) his studying the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well-recognized literary writings. He switched to(转向) astronomy after age 30.In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震仪) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圆柱体) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe.In one of his publications he also proposed π= 730/232 (or about 3.1466) .II. Earthquake Survival TipsWould you know what to do during a really big earthquake? Experts have looked into matter carefully. It may be worth you while to look over the following tips they have for us.If the ground begins shaking while you aredriving, pull over and stay in your car. If you arein a building, try to get near a strong wall. Thecorner of the room or the space under a bigdoorway is the safest. As soon as the quake is over, check the gas pipe in the building. Gas fires often result from earthquakes. These tips may prove to be lifesavers. We should, therefore, keep them in mind. Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst.Escape in the School●If it has an earthquake when having classes, the students should listen to the teacher’sinstruction, protect their heads and hide under the desks.●If it has an earthquake when the students are in the sports ground, they can crouch onthe spot and protect their heads with hands. Be sure to keep away with high building and dangerous objects.●Don’t go back to the classroom.●Retreat in order after the earthquake.Escape in Public PlacesListen to the command of the site workers. Don’t be scared and don’t rush towards the exits. Try to avoid crowds. Avoid to be squeezed to the wall or barriers.●At theaters and gyms: crouch down or slip under the chairs; avoid suspending lightsand electric fans; protect the head with schoolbags; after the earthquake, listen to the command of the workers, retreat in an organized way.●In department stores, bookstores, museums or subway: find firm counters, commodities(low furniture etc.) or a pillar, or the corner of a wall to crouch down on the spot, protect the heads with hands or other objects; keep away from glass windows, glass counters or show counters; keep away from tall cupboards; keep away from advertisement boards and other suspending objects.●On buses or trolley buses: Grasp the handles to avoid being injured; lower the center ofgravity; hide near the seats; get off after the earthquake passed.Section3: Words and expressionsI. Words for reading1. imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind；think of (sth.) as probable：想象；认为（某事）可能发生或存在。