research proposal格式
Research_proposal 格式
How to write a research proposalYou are to write a research proposal of about 2000 words, maximum 8 type-written pages (including figures and tables), double-spaced. Fonts should be set at 12-point.ObjectivesThe idea behind this research proposal is I would like to see whether you are able to identify outstanding issues that more research could help to clarify. Writing the proposal will then help you achieve four important objectives:(1) to expand your knowledge of cognitive neuroscience by focusing on two areas that are of particular interest to you,(2) to further develop your skills as a critical reader of psychological research, and(3) to develop your scientific writing skills.General RequirementsIn this research proposal, you are asked to demonstrate your ability to integrate information across topics covered in the course. In the proposal, you should critically review two areas of cognitive neuroscience and then propose an experiment that would help to address an integrative question or issue.Choose any two sections from the course outline, such as Attention and Memory, and discuss how they are (or might be) related. For example, you might want to discuss the role of attention in memory. Alternatively, you might wish to discuss some general principles of cortical organization, such as modularity and central processing, and how they apply to two different areas you have studied. I guess you will find that there are a great number of potential topics you could pick. The best way would be to take something that interests you. You should then try to define what you picked narrowly. You need not deal with the entire topic area (e.g., all of language, all of perception), but choose smaller, more manageable topic (e.g., perception of living things and spatial attention; the function of the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). If you define your topic too generally there will simply be too much relevant research, making it very difficult to decide which the most relevant papers are.Required sections of the proposalThe proposal must contain the following sections: Title page – Abstract – Introduction – Methods – Predicted Results – References.• Title page• Abstract: One (1) paragraph that briefly describes the area of interest and the research question that will be addressed in the proposal. Put the abstract on a separate page, immediately following the title page.• Introduction: This section should describe the research area and findings from previous studies. Write in a goal-directed manner. By this I mean you will eventually be proposing some experiment in your proposal. Therefore, the literature review should be designed so that it discusses an issue or question that needs to be addressed in that area and provides a rationale for your proposed study. Moreover, you should structure your Introduction so that the motivation for your proposal becomes clear. To achieve that you should begin with a relatively big issue and then focus down to the specific issue you are interested in, highlighting the aspects of previous research (e.g. some methodological flaw in previous approaches) that your proposal is meant to address. By the end of the Introduction the reader should have a very good idea of what the central issue of your proposal will be. Your Introduction should reference at least three research articles (see the section about references). (Maximum length of the Introduction: 3 double-spaced pages).• Method: Now you are actually talking about what you are proposing. Again, be sure that this follows naturally from the introduction in which you should have set up and highlighted some critical issue that needs to be resolved. What you should do now is to tell the reader how you would resolve this issue. The Method section should describe the proposed method for the experiment, including who the participants will be (ages and where they will be recruited from), what equipment will be used, and the procedure that will be followed. You should specify the variables (independent and dependent) that will be used in the experiment. You do not have to format this section with separate subject, apparatus and procedure sections, but having that in mind can help to guide your thinking and writing. A clearly structured Method section is very important. (Maximum length of the Method section: 2 double-spaced pages).• Predicted Results: This section should describe the results you expect from your proposed experiment. (Maximum length: 1 double-spaced page). Please note: You should use the future tense. Do not create fake data and write the paper in past tense as if the experiment has already been conducted. Also, you may want to think about alternatives. That is, sometimes it is interesting to think about What if the results would turn out differently? Would there be any alternative interpretations?• References: You must have at least 3 primary sources (journal articles from the same list of journals as for reaction papers, that is: Brain, C erebral Cortex, C urrent Biology, E xperimental Brain Research, J ournal of Cognitive Neuroscience, J ournal of Neuroscience, J ournal of Neurophysiology, N ature, N ature Neuroscience, N eurology, N europsychologia, N euron,P sychological Science, S cience, V ision Research). The references should be from the last two years. You must format your references using the guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual (5th edition).Use APA FormatYou should use the guidelines for scientific writing that have been developed by the American Psychological Association (APA). There you will find more details about what I was talking about in the previous paragraphs. The 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual is available at the UTSC Bookstore and at the Bladen Library: CALL NUMBER: BF 76.7 .P83 2001 SCAR -- BOOK – ShortTermLoan.Evaluation of Research ProposalsThis form is what will be used to both grade your proposal, and give you feedback about your proposal. One of these forms will be stapled to each proposal after it is marked and, when we return the proposal to you, you can use this sheet to see what things you may want to work on with respect to other written work you do.For each of the following, you will be given a 1-10 score, where 1 is very poor, and 10 is very well (perfect really). There are ten different issues outlined below. Thus, your final mark on the proposal (out of 100) will be calculated as you total score on these questions.Writing•How well did the author lay out the argument in the opening section of the paper? And, how obvious was it where the author was going with their argument as you read it. Thatis, was the information presented in a very scattered manner with no apparent direction, or was the argument (and the relevance of the sections of the paper to it) obviousthroughout?•How clearly did the author structure the Method section?•How well did the paper conform to the APA writing standard?Research•How appropriate was the chosen research papers with respect to the argument the author was suggesting?•How well did the author explain the relevant aspects of previous research? Did you understand the research, and what point it makes with respect to the author's argument? Proposed Experiment•How well do you think the experiment, as proposed, would deal with the argument the author suggested in the introduction?•How well did the author use the introduction to motivate reasonable predictions about the potential outcome(s) of the proposed experiment?•Was the experiment well designed? Did you see any obvious design flaws?•How clever was the suggested experiment? That is, did the author simply suggest looking at some existing issue as a function of some other variable with no apparent motivation, or did the experiment represent a real attempt to either confirm or deny some theory, or discriminate between existing views or theories? Let’s say, there is a lot of research on how quickly we respond to circular spots popping up on a computer screen.Then an experiment would be less clever if it just looked at how quick we are when the spots are square-shaped.•How realistic is the predicted outcome of the experiments? Does the author mention any alternatives?。
还不了解Proposal怎么写？解析优秀ResearchProposal模板与标准研究计划书格式
还不了解Proposal怎么写？解析优秀Research Proposal模板与标准研究计划书格式学者们经常要写研究计划来为他们的项目筹集资金。
作为一名学生，你可能需要写一份研究计划，以使你的论文或论文计划获得批准。
你所写的计划书都是为了说服某些人，比如资助机构、教育机构或导师，让他们相信你的项目是值得的。
那么你在为选择计划书的题目而发愁吗？你知道标准研究计划书格式是怎样的吗？一篇优秀且有说服力的proposal怎么写？那么相信你读完这篇文章，看过研究计划书范文，就会掌握一些写作技巧，从而撰写一篇proposal。
Research proposal即是研究计划书是通常在科学或学术界提出对资助研究、指导或扩展项目的文件，达到为此项目提供赞助与支持的请求。
一份有效的研究计划书要可以轻松快速地回答以下问题：•你想做什么，你打算怎么做?•要花多少钱? 用多少时间?•建议的项目如何与发起人的利益相关?•这个项目对你的大学、学生、学科、国家、民族或任何其他相关组织有什么影响?•你为什么要做这个项目，而不是别人?•如何评估结果？研究计划书的主要目的是让读者相信你的项目的价值和你的能力，你必须证明你针对此项目有明确可行的计划，确保你的项目将会成功。
通过撰写研究计划书，要达成这些目的：（1）让读者相信你的项目是有趣的、原创的、重要的。
（2）表明你对这个领域很熟悉，你了解这个课题的研究现状，你的想法有很强的学术基础。
（3）为你的研究方法提出一个案例，表明你已经仔细考虑了进行研究所需的数据、工具和程序。
（4）确认该项目在方案、机构或资金的实际限制范围内是可能的。
在撰写研究计划书之前，你要分清楚计划书的主要类型有哪些，以便更好的着手你的Research proposal。
（1）招标建议计划书。
根据项目发起人的具体要求提交的建议书。
这种招标，通常称为征求建议书(RFP)或报价要求(RFQ)，通常对格式和技术内容有特定的要求，并可能指定某些奖励条款和条件。
research proposal模板
Research Proposal1.Applicant’s nameLIU Jia2.Title of proposed research projectMicro Film Creation Art Theory—— Taking original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as an example3.Summary of researchIn the condition of promoting the media integration, the creation of micro film and audience psychology are worthy of the hot content of research. In the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion,through the micro film creation in narrative art and technique of expression to influence the audience's aesthetic.4.IntroductionMicro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" has been the national college students innovation and entrepreneurship program funded, in many of the predecessors and colleagues to participate in support to complete.5.Objectives and hypotheses to be testedIn the media convergence from the perspective of micro film creation should pay attention to narrative elements and technique of expression, the micro film creation into inspiring positive narrative elements can make the audience's psychological condition in a certain extent to improve a lot.6.Literature reviewOn film studies courses, students are asked to treat as objects of study the same films which they may more commonly experience as entertainment. To explore the role of academic writing in this, an action research project was carried out on a university film studies course using a systemic functional linguistics approach.A taxonomic film analysis was analysed drawing on the work of Halliday and Mathiessen (2004), Martin (1992) and Lemke, (1985, 1990 ), focussing on three aspects: the genre acts performed in the process of analysing film; the conceptual frameworks of film studies knowledge, or ‘thematic formations’ (Lemke, 1993) drawn on and re-constituted in theassignment; the particular ways that language is used to perform these acts and build these thematic formations. For EAP to be relevant to film students, it is proposed that EAP specialists need to engage with these three aspects of film study. This application of SFL in film studies EAP is intended as an illustration of how SFL tools can be used for relevant EAP provision across the HE curriculum.In Britain, film studies came on the agenda in the 1970s, when it served as a terrain for the formulation of a critical understanding of how cinema functioned within the broader context of industrial capitalism and the nexus between that and the reshaping of people's habits and lives. However, during that decade, a different agenda was also at work, which, from the early 1980s, began to receive support from neo-liberal 'free-market' ideologues. Over a period of 30 years, the overall direction of the inquiry into cinema, now firmly sealed into institutional networks, has become such that the critical language of 'film theory' has been hollowed out and the industrial agenda of British national television and cinema wrapped around it. Today, with the opening of film studies departments across Asia, the question is not whether outside Britain the language of film studies will became available for instrumentalization by the forces of an expanding Euro-American capital, but how it will do so. Valentina Vitali argues that the recovery of film from the bureaucratization of its study and its rediscovery as one of the modalities of modernization require both a framework of analysis that is fully conscious of its own historicity and critical role, and a new topography of cinema.In France，Philippe Gauthier have a paper is a comparative study of the impact on French film studies of the emergence of television and digital technologies. The goal of the comparison between what the author calls the ‘television revolution’ –a period in which film theorists became aware of the impact of television on the study of cinema – and the now well-known ‘digital revolution’ is to observe the recurrence of specific phenomena in the history of film studies in France. The author argues that during both the television and digital revolutions there appears to be a desire to compare cinema with other media while at the same time asserting its specificity. The impact of the television and digital revolutions on film studies in France is thus two-fold: (1) the broadening of the discipline's boundaries to include other media and other research methods; (2) the redefinition of cinema based on a singular definition of the medium.In film studies, the Auteur Theory is mainly employed to explore film directors’ signature styles in creating their mastery artifacts. Individual style of adirector in filmmaking is based on his/her preferences; genre, theme, mise-en-scéne, cinematography or even casts line-up. Disciplinary indiscipline characterizes the post-industrial, post-modern, post-disciplinary intellectual environment. The certainties offered by normative theories are lost in a post-disciplinary virtual world that appears to be no longer fully grounded on modernist assumptions or even material reality. It has become common practice to meld many different and sometimes incompatible academic approaches in order to pander to students’ preferences. Contemporary approaches now especially mimic Karl Marx’s phase ‘all that is solid melts into air’, as many un-, ill- and in-disciplined post-disciplinary disciples shield students from knowing about disciplinary epistemologies, disciplinary histories and the paradigmatic evolution of film theories across different periods, contexts and conditions. Keyan G Tomaselli critically examines some of these issues by applying the framework of langue (structure) and parole (accent) to make sense of film studies in a post-disciplinary media world dominated by economic implosion.7.Materials and methodsIn the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion.The research of the conclusion after the analysis of the writing style, and the audience survey response.8.Anticipated outcome and value of the researchAccording to the creation, filming, dissemination and reflection of the micro film, the psychological status of the audience can be improved if the active elements of the film creation can be improved.9.References[1]James P. Donohue. Using systemic functional linguistics in academic writing development: An example from film studies[J]. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,2012,111:.[2]Philippe Gauthier. Recurrent phenomena in French film studies: from television to digital media[J]. New Review of Film and Television Studies,2014,123:.[3]Valentina Vitali. Why study cinema? Serial visions of the culture industry and the future of film studies[J]. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies,2005,62:.[4]Nurul Ezzati Aisya Mohd Zaki,Che Su Mustaffa,Noer Doddy Irmawati. Visualizing Islamic Law and Values in Semerah Padi (1956): P. Ramlee asCinematographic Auteur[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,155:.[5]Keyan G Tomaselli. (Un-)Disciplined indiscipline. The langue and parole of film studies in a post-disciplinary world[J]. South African Theatre Journal,2015,282:.。
research proposal 格式
research proposal 格式
编写研究提案（research proposal）的格式可能会有些变化，具体取决于学科、机构或项目的要求。
以下是一个一般性的研究提案的标准格式，供参考：
1. 标题：
-确定性而简明地概括研究内容。
2. 背景和引言：
-介绍研究问题的背景，阐明研究的重要性。
-提供相关文献综述，说明目前已有的研究和知识空缺。
3. 研究问题或目标：
-明确研究的主要问题或目标。
4. 研究设计/方法：
-描述研究设计，包括数据收集和分析方法。
-讨论实施研究的步骤，以及为什么选择这些方法。
5. 理论框架：
-如果适用，提供支持研究的理论基础。
6. 研究的意义和预期成果：
-阐述研究的理论和实际意义，以及预期的研究成果。
7. 研究计划和时间表：
-列出研究的阶段，包括起止日期。
8. 预算：
-提供研究所需的经费预算，包括任何可能的支出。
9. 参考文献：
-列举所有在研究提案中引用的文献。
10. 附录：
-如果需要，包含支持材料，例如调查问卷、图表、地图等。
请注意，研究提案的具体要求可能会因学科和项目而异。
在准备研究提案时，请仔细阅读和遵循特定机构或项目提供的指南和要求。
Research Proposal整体框架
Subject: xxx (与你专业相关)Title:Tips: 你的title应该要简单易懂，让别人一看到题目就知道你在research什么Abstract:1.In your abstract, you should first briefly explain what your question is and why it is interesting.You should then explain the results of your analysis.2.You should finally describe the conclusion of your analysis—in other words, what your resultsmean.3.Your abstract5 should be no longer than 200 words.摘要部分，这里你应该要写你为什么要研究这个课题，然后简单叙述你的研究成果/结论Introduction:1.The main goal of your introduction is to motivate your question and introduce your analysis.2.You should therefore provide enough background to make the value of your analysis clear3.You should cite between 5 and 10 papers which are related to your analysis4.You should then explain what your analysis sets out to do. What is your question? What doyou expect to do?5.You may wish to give an initial indication of the results, but this is a stylistic decision在这里你可以引用5-10篇学术文章，但每个老师的喜好有所不同，有的老师会要求整个research proposal的cite不超过20篇，所以introduction里不能有那么多的引用。
research proposal字数
Research Proposal一、研究背景随着社会的发展和进步，科学技术得到了快速发展，人们对科学知识的渴望也越来越强烈。
作为一个研究人员，我们需要不断地深入研究各种领域的知识，为社会的发展做出贡献。
本课题选择了XXX为研究对象，主要是因为XXX有着广阔的研究空间，同时具有一定的实际应用价值。
二、研究目的我们的研究旨在探索XXX的XXX特性，并通过对XXX的深入研究，为XXX领域的发展做出贡献。
通过我们的研究，还可以为企业的XXX 提供一定的参考和指导。
三、研究方法为了达到以上研究目的，我们将采用XXX方法进行研究。
我们将通过实地调查、统计分析、专家访谈等方法，收集大量的XXX相关数据，并对这些数据进行深入、系统的分析和研究，从而揭示XXX的内在特性和规律。
四、研究内容1. XXX的定义和特性我们将通过文献综述和实地调查，对XXX的定义和特性进行界定和分析，从而深入探讨XXX的本质属性。
2. XXX的发展现状及问题我们将通过对XXX的发展现状进行调查和分析，发现其中存在的问题和矛盾，为我们进一步的研究提供依据。
3. XXX的发展趋势通过对XXX的发展趋势进行分析和研究，探讨XXX未来的发展方向和发展空间，为XXX领域的进一步研究提供参考。
五、研究意义我们的研究将有以下意义：1. 为XXX领域的发展提供理论指导和参考；2. 为企业的XXX提供决策支持和指导；3. 为相关研究人员提供研究思路和方法。
六、研究预期成果通过我们的研究，我们希望能够得到以下预期成果：1. 对XXX的定义和特性有更深刻、更系统的认识；2. 对XXX的发展现状、问题和趋势进行了深入的分析和探讨；3. 对XXX领域的发展提出了一定的见解和建议。
七、研究进度安排我们的研究将按以下进度安排进行：1. 月份：进行XXX的文献综述和调研；2. 月份：完成对XXX的实地调查和数据收集；3. 月份：进行数据分析和研究；4. 月份：撰写研究报告和论文。
research proposal 的格式
research proposal 的格式Research Proposal Format:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisIntroduction:- Briefly explain the background and significance of the topic.- Highlight the existing gap in knowledge or controversy surrounding the impact of social media on mental health.- State the research questions and objectives.Literature Review:- Conduct a comprehensive review of studies exploring the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes.- Summarize the main findings and controversies in the existing literature.- Identify any limitations or gaps in the current research.Methodology:1. Research Design:- Specify whether the study will be a systematic review or ameta-analysis.- Justify the chosen methodology and explain how it will contribute to addressing the research questions.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:- Define the population of interest, including age range and social media platforms.- Specify the types of studies that will be included (e.g., experimental, correlational, longitudinal) and any language or date restrictions.3. Search Strategy:- Describe the databases and search engines that will be utilized. - Explain the keywords and search terms that will be used.- Discuss any additional strategies for identifying relevant studies (e.g., hand-searching reference lists, contacting experts).4. Study Selection:- Outline the process for screening and selecting studies based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.- Describe the number of reviewers involved and any measures toensure inter-rater reliability.5. Data Extraction:- Specify the data items that will be collected from each study (e.g., sample size, study design, outcome measures).- Indicate how the relevant data will be extracted and recorded (e.g., using standardized forms).6. Quality Assessment:- Explain the methods for assessing the quality and risk of bias of the included studies.- Discuss any tools or criteria that will be used for this purpose.Data Analysis:- Describe the statistical methods that will be employed for data synthesis (e.g., meta-analysis, qualitative synthesis).- Explain the rationale for pooling or comparing the results of the selected studies.Ethical Considerations:- Discuss any ethical issues that may arise during the research process.- Address how participant confidentiality, informed consent, and other ethical principles will be ensured.Timeline and Resources:- Provide a detailed timeline of the proposed research activities. - Specify any necessary resources, such as research assistants, software, or funding.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points of the research proposal.- Emphasize the potential contributions and implications of the proposed study.- Discuss the feasibility and limitations of the research.References:- Include a list of all the references cited in the proposal, following appropriate citation style guidelines (e.g., APA, MLA).。
干货ResearchProposal写作方法
干货ResearchProposal写作方法Research Proposal（简称RP）也就是指研究报告或者开题报告，一般作为论文或者研究开始前的计划和纲要，比如毕业论文开题报告、申请博士的研究计划、国家基金类研究申报报告等。
RP的内容通常为：你打算完成什么（what），为什么你要做这件事（why），以及你打算怎样去完成它（how）。
主要包括标题（Title）、摘要 (Abstract)、引言(Introduction)、文献综述(Literature Review)、方法(Methods)、结果(Result)、讨论(Discussion)七部分。
整体字数看学校要求，一般1500-2000.下面我们详细分析Research Proposal写作方法。
1.标题（Title）简明扼要，内容翔实又吸引人PS：其实和中文论文写作差不多，题目不要泛而空，尽量缩小话题范围，这样内容更有针对性。
题目要能体现你的研究对象和创新性，至少能勾起阅读全文的兴趣！2.摘要（Abstract）300字左右的简要归纳。
它应该包括研究问题，研究的理论基础，假说（如有的话），研究方法以及主要发现。
PS：重中之重，实际就是将RP再浓缩一次。
Title+ Abstract就一锤定生死了，剩下部分基本就是abstract的拓展了。
对于建筑类相关专业，empirical study(案例研究/场地调研/问卷访谈等等)非常重要，如果连实地都没有去过，何来一手的资料，一手的结论呢？此处会涉及到original contribution（原创贡献），你的原创性/你对这一议题的贡献值有多少。
所以摘要的实质也是一种游说/推销，推销你的研究意义所在。
3.引言（Introduction）主要目的是为你的研究问题提供必要的背景。
通常包含以下内容：某描述研究问题/目的；某为你的研究问题提供背景，设定其范围，以体现出它的必要性和重要性；某理论依据，要清楚的指出为什么该研究是值得去做的；某简要描述该研究要解决的主要及次要问题；某明确说明你想要研究的现象；某阐述你的假说或理论（如有的话）；某设定你研究计划的局限或边界，以提供一个清晰的研究重点；某给关键概念下定义（此项为可选）PS:不多说，基本就是介绍一下研究背景，为什么你的研究内容很有意义或必要性。