后置定语

后置定语4/11/2014

1.形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, something important

2.形容词短语作定语

a river fifty meters wide 但复合形容词作定语时，要放在被修饰词前。

a fifty –meter-wide river a two –month holiday = a two months’ holiday

3. enough作形容词修饰名词时前后皆可，但作副词时修饰形容词副词时后置enough time 或time enough hard enough strong enough

4.介词短语作后置定语

a boy with long hair a girl with heavy glasses a boy from America the weather in Beijing.

5.不定式短语作后置定语（不定式短语与所修饰的词存在动宾关系）

I have something delicious to eat.

I have some delicious food to eat.

He has nothing important to do today.

6.现在分词短作后置定语(现在分词短语与所修饰的词存在主谓关系)

There is a truck collecting rubbish（垃圾）.

There are lots of people watching the exciting football match on TV.

7.过去分词短语作后置定语（过去分词短语与所修饰的词存在被动关系）

I like the songs sung by Zhou Jielun.

We all like reading works written by LuXun.

They started a magazine called Chunlei.

注意：不定式短语、现在分词或过去分词短语只是一种非谓语动词；试比较

This book was written b y LuXun . a book written by LuXun

不定式的几种用法2014.1

1.作目的状语

I go to the playground to play basketball. （go swimming go shopping 表户外活动时做宾语）

2.作宾语

want to do sth hope to be a teacher

3.作宾语补足语want sb to do sth wish sb to do(be) …..

4.作后置定语

I have something to eat.

5.作真正的主语和真正的宾语(要求it作形式宾语的动词有：believe think make find feel

It is difficult for me to learn English well

I find it easy to get on with our English teacher.

We all think it useful to learn much knowledge.

6.作表语

My job is to be a doctor .

His wish is to travel to the moon in twenty years.

7.名词性不定式短语（即疑问词（why除外）＋不定式to do或to be即由宾语从句转换为简单句就用此结构）

Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?（简单句）

= Could you give me some advice on how I can learn English well?(宾语从句)

I don’t know what I should do next .（宾语从句）= I don’t know what to do next.（简单句）

动词的用法（即部分动词和某些结构后接动词的某种固定形式）

1.接不定式

作宾语的：begin start want study learn decide hope wish plan seem mean afford (抽得出，负担的的起) used to do(过去常常做某事) offer fail make up one’s mind to do expect refuse try promise can’t wait to do（迫不及待作某事prefer

作宾补的（带to的和省略to）

wish sb to do want ask tell invite follow allow like sb to do get sb to do teach encourage ….

注意感官动词即feel listen to hear make let have notice watch see look help 等在主动语态中要求不带to 不定式作宾补或动名词做宾补。但在被动的情况下不带to 的不定式要补上to. 某些固定短语或句型后

Would you like to do …

It’s time (for sb ) to do sth

It’s very kind (nice good friendly ) (of sb) to do sth. = sb be +adj to do sth

It’s important (necessary easy …)(for sb) to do sth

It takes sb…to do sth .

S +v系动词+表语+to do （90％以上）(be busy doing be worth doing 等为少数)

作后置定语（与前面的名词存在动宾关系时）（I have something to eat.）

too+adj (adv原级)to do adj(adv原级)+enough to do

表目的状语或作表语表将来

疑问词＋不定式to do(be)

不定式充当真正的宾语或主语，it充当形式的主语或宾语。

2.接原形

助动词does do did will shall should would

情态动词can may must need (否定或疑问句中) have to used to should shouldn’t would wouldn't had better( not) do

You’d better (not )do

Why not do

Will (would Could)you please do 请你做某事好吗

Prefer to do rather than do

如果两个或以上的不定式并列时，除第一个不定式外，其余的省略不定式符号

I decide to write my homework and listen to the music.

3.接现在分词

现在分词可做后置定语（与所修饰的词存在主谓关系）keep the fire burning (做宾补) 助动词be （am is are was were）+现在分词构成进行时态

4.接过去分词

助动词has ( have)+p.p 构成现在完成时助动词had +p.p构成过去完成时

have(make get )+sth +p.p表被动

助动词be +p.p 构成被动语态过去分词可做后置定语

5.接动名词

enjoy finish mind excuse practice imagine suggest allow avoid(避免)miss keep spend succeed need doing(表被)

have trouble doing have fun be always doing be used to doing (习惯于做某事) be