高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
语境法 Context clues
猜测词意
构词法 Word formation
Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀） 和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)
Can you guess the right meanings?
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_____________________.”
对句义的猜测 • The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷) • By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____. ed B. mastered C. developed D. researched
今天好囧啊， 等了半天打不到的士。
墙角数枝槑（梅），凌寒独自开， 遥赞它是雪， 只能说你呆。
If you come across new
words when reading,
What will you do
?
•Look them up in the dictionary
•Ignore them and continue reading
2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简 短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： １、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； ４、作出简单判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图和态度。
2.同义词
推迟
圆胖的
The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
•Guess the meaning
China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, or the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.
• ( 05广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” • The underlined word roughly means ____. • A. encouraged B. compared • C. examined D. developed
Ex.
小
结
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或 be called，be known as, be defined as 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由is, that is (to say), in other words， to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同 位关系。
(2003NMET)
With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional: 无条件的，绝对的 nonjudgmental:
灌溉 灌溉
有牙齿的
In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.
抓主旨 明细节 猜词义 做推断
猜测词义 读懂文章
---------高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）
2005—2009年阅读理解试题分类情况
题目设计数量
事实细节题 试 主旨大意题 题 设 计 词义猜测题 分 类 推理判断题
2005
10 2 1
2006
12 2 0
2007
10 2 1
2008
12 1 3
2009
11 0 2
6
6
6
4
2
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.”
反பைடு நூலகம்词
节约的 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
污秽的
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
小
结
由and或or， like ,as …as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义 关系； 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。
Ex.
混乱
不同意
天生的
无辜的
◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write ― yes‖; if you dissent, write ―no‖. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
superman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (无家可归的) rebuild (重建) microwave (微波) mispronounce (发错音) nonsmoker (非烟民) eastwards (向东)
Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently. ―Even when a man is said to be a best friend,‖ Rubin writes, ―the two share little about their innermost feelings.‖
3、因果关系 弹性的
混浊的
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
合集下载
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
小试身手
1. Albert’s success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 有效的 D. 匆促的
6、同义词、近义词 、同义词、 信号词: 信号词 or, like , as…as, the same as The new tax law supersedes or replaces, supersedes, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
Ex. 1 木匠
动物学家
牧人
夜班
◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. carpenter zoologist, ◎His uncle is a zoologist an expert who does research on animals. herdsman, ◎The herdsman who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.
高三英语专项校公开课阅读理解猜测词义演示文稿
anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.
What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_____ Ａ
A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy
第10页，共39页。
Example3
1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
词义：________ 2. Mr. S傲m慢ith的loves to talk, and his wife is similarly
第11页，共39页。
Pracitce3:
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in
the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. (2012全国II)
What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer
What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?_____ Ａ
A.something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at home C. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy
第10页，共39页。
Example3
1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
词义：________ 2. Mr. S傲m慢ith的loves to talk, and his wife is similarly
第11页，共39页。
Pracitce3:
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in
the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. (2012全国II)
What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer
高三英语总复习(网课学习)课件：高考阅读理解专项--猜测词义(共35张PPT)
◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
2020/7/13
12
语
境
法
1. 定义描述
2020/7/13
6
Approach introduction 方法介绍
• 方法一： Using word formation
（构词法）
2020/7/13
7
根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等
1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
2020/7/13
5
Question Form
1.The word “…” refers to/ means/could best be replaced by _________.
2.The underlined word/sentence means _________.
3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.
2020/7/13
15
污秽的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
2020/7/13
12
语
境
法
1. 定义描述
2020/7/13
6
Approach introduction 方法介绍
• 方法一： Using word formation
（构词法）
2020/7/13
7
根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等
1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
2020/7/13
5
Question Form
1.The word “…” refers to/ means/could best be replaced by _________.
2.The underlined word/sentence means _________.
3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.
2020/7/13
15
污秽的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
高三英语解题策略(13)《阅读理解-词义猜测题》ppt课件
70．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”．
A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural styles D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings
(一)根据定义猜测词义 通过定语从句、定义、同位语等来确定词义。 1．定语从句 定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用，据 此我们可以推断出所修饰的词的含义。如： The herdsman，who looks after sheep， earns about 65 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了 herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。
[典例1](2014·安徽·D篇) ... I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
阅读理解猜词义PPT课件
“修剪”
1．以因果关系为线索 cause and effect
第10页/共42页
解题技巧二： 以因果关系为线索猜测词义
cause and effect
第11页/共42页
Challenge yourself ! 1）Tom is considered an indefatigable leader because he always works day and night and never feels tired.
第22页/共42页
Skill 5
1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon ,Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
“期刊” 以列举的事例examples为线索
第23页/共42页
解题技巧五：
根据 列举的事例来猜测词义
第24页/共42页
2.）Epochal events such as （wars and great scientific discoveries） often take place in this area.重大的，有历史意义的
第25页/共42页
Skill 6
adj. 不知疲倦的
第12页/共42页
Challenge yourself !
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
adj. 大的
第13页/共42页
Skill 3 1. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500
1．以因果关系为线索 cause and effect
第10页/共42页
解题技巧二： 以因果关系为线索猜测词义
cause and effect
第11页/共42页
Challenge yourself ! 1）Tom is considered an indefatigable leader because he always works day and night and never feels tired.
第22页/共42页
Skill 5
1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon ,Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
“期刊” 以列举的事例examples为线索
第23页/共42页
解题技巧五：
根据 列举的事例来猜测词义
第24页/共42页
2.）Epochal events such as （wars and great scientific discoveries） often take place in this area.重大的，有历史意义的
第25页/共42页
Skill 6
adj. 不知疲倦的
第12页/共42页
Challenge yourself !
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
adj. 大的
第13页/共42页
Skill 3 1. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500
高考英语一轮复习课件：阅读理解猜测词义课件
木工
动物学家
牧羊人
夜班
1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 65,000 yuan a year.4. We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.Conclusion:定义或释义关系常由:①由________从句，或由②__________________________________等词汇或③________号来表示。或由④__________________________________________________引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。
____________________________
____________
Technique1定义/释义
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
神秘地
变化形式，不同版本
限制
悲惨
找后缀，猜测词义
_____
_____
黑暗
沉闷
_____
_____
_____
动物学家
牧羊人
夜班
1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 65,000 yuan a year.4. We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.Conclusion:定义或释义关系常由:①由________从句，或由②__________________________________等词汇或③________号来表示。或由④__________________________________________________引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。
____________________________
____________
Technique1定义/释义
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
神秘地
变化形式，不同版本
限制
悲惨
找后缀，猜测词义
_____
_____
黑暗
沉闷
_____
_____
_____
高考英语阅读之猜测词义.ppt
unconditional: 无条件的，绝对的
nonju
（复合法，转化法，派生法）
1. (05重庆卷) 1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in
front of him.
（词的派生）
2. It’s true that lighthouse were built in
out-of-the-way place. （合成形容词）
3. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?
语
境
法
3. 因果关系
猜
测
词
义
小结
常用关联词(如because， as，since，for，so，thus， as a result，so, so … that, such … that therefore等)表示前因后果。
• (06陕西卷) The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.
• ( 05广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”
• The underlined word roughly means ____.
nonju
（复合法，转化法，派生法）
1. (05重庆卷) 1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in
front of him.
（词的派生）
2. It’s true that lighthouse were built in
out-of-the-way place. （合成形容词）
3. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?
语
境
法
3. 因果关系
猜
测
词
义
小结
常用关联词(如because， as，since，for，so，thus， as a result，so, so … that, such … that therefore等)表示前因后果。
• (06陕西卷) The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.
• ( 05广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”
• The underlined word roughly means ____.
高考阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义PPT
What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2
refer to?
C
A. A painting of the skeleton.
B. A photograph of Lucy
C. A copy of the skeleton.
D. A written record of Lucy.
loquacious. 词义：爱__说__话__的__ Rules ３： 通过同义或反义关系进行猜测
表示对比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet， however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，in contrast ，in spite of，instead 等，有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。表示同
词义：_困__境______
Rules 1： 通过定义或解释来猜测 定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be
defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号， 冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出 一些具体的 解释性的短语。
•Look them up in the dictionary
词义猜测题常见的考查形式：
1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in
the paragraph? mean?
/
WGuheast sdoes
the
underlined
word
2) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be
高考英语阅读理解-猜测词义课件(共31张PPT)
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义，即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6：
Using word formation
（构词法）
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀）
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义，即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6：
Using word formation
（构词法）
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀）
高考阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课件(共21张PPT)
D. Having more material than needed.
Tip: 构词法 consume: 消费
consumption n. 消费
IV. Common sense
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下 文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。
1. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 波纹，细浪
Flay says Liberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” he says. “it’s about your personality(个性) and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.” What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
61. What does the underlined phrase “over-
consumption” refer to___D__?
过度消费
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. The underlined word most probably means_____.