英美国家社会与文化 选修论文
Inspiration about "Society and Culture of English-speakenCountries"I choose "society and culture of English-speaken countries" as my elective this term. Now the course is approaching the ending, I think my elective is meaningful and I acquired a lot from it.At the beginning of the course, the substitute teacher gave us some essential knowledge about Britain. And we got a rough impression about the course.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain) is a sovereign state off the n orth-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of G reat Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller isl ands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses as its n ational flag the royal banner known as the Union Flag or, popularly, Union Jac k. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), wh ich are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland) ."God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God Save the King") is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms and British Crown Dependencies. The words of the song, like its title, are adapted to the gender of the current monar ch, with "King" replacing "Queen", "he" replacing "she", and so forth, when a k ing reigns.The official language is English, and other recognised regional lang uages are Irish, Ulster Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Welsh, Cornish.After Mr.Sun came back from Britain, we have a broader view of Britain. I have never been to other countyr and Mr.Zhang's introduction and pictures let me know aboout life abroad.Humid avenue,various buildings,exquisite artifact,woody flowerpot and attractive cate...Mr.Zhang showed us a close range Britain by pictures he took.And as a teacher,Mr.Zhang show us a quite different class atmosphere in Britain.The class is more relaxed and active.What's surprise is that our foreigh teacher Ted gave us a impressive class. He let us experience the active class.I asked Ted some questions at the end of the class.To my happyness ,he allowed me to take a photo with him.What's more,Mr.Zhang often shows us videos about society and culture of English-speaken country,the one most impressed me is The Rise of the Great Nations.Newton used his wisdom in the mind is a British brought a scientific revolution, guide people from nature to the superstition and fear to the age of science, he told people in the nature and rule of law, can be cognitive. He died when the British to solemn state funeral, he was buried in Westminster Cathedral, carry the coffin of the two Duke, three earls and a judge, tens of thousands of people go off, this is a country for the giants of science respect, the whole society to a scientist expression unlimited respect. When Adams walked into the conference hall, all gentlemen stop talking, stand up to the scholar pay homage to feel shy, Smith is said: " please be seated." The prime minister said:" you don't sit we won't sit down, which students do not give your seat?" See here in my heart, there is a sense of touch, it is that the scientific respect, prompted Britain became the first industrialized country.Beside great persons like Newton and Shakespeare,Elizabeth I also give me a profound impression. In The Rise of the Great Nations, there was a definition: A famous British biographer describes the reign, the 25-year-old unmarried queen: "the fierce old hen sat motionless, nurturing the English nation. The national primary power quickly become mature and unified, under her wings ." But in my opinion, the characteristic of Elizabeth I was not fierce, but enlightened.I learnt some information about Elizabeth I from the video and web. Elizabeth I (Elizabeth I, September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603), was the President of England and Ireland the queen during November 17, 1558 to 1558 March 24,.She was President of England and Ireland queen, also the fifth and last Tudor monarchs. Sometimes she was called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana,because she never married or had children.After nearly half a century of rule, that England became one of Europe's most powerful countries. England culture reached a peak during this period, also emerge out of the well-known figures such as Shakespeare, Francis Bacon. The British colonies in North America also during this period began to establish. Reign in British history is called "the Elizabethan era", also known as the "golden age".I think it’s Elizabeth I’s enlighten that gave England a brilliant navigationculture; it’s her enlighten that let England achieved one of its highest levels of culture and prosperity; it’s her enlighten that started the grand industrial revolution .For the United States of America, we just had a rough comprehension. The U.S.A belong to North America, mainly include three parts of mainland, Alaska and Hawaii, the area amounts to 10 million meters of squares of 930 remainings, residing the fourth in the world, total population about 270000000,reside the 3 in the world.The national anthem is The Stars and Stripes Forever.What’s more, we watched the video THE WEST YOU REALLY DON’T KNOW in class. It gave me a deep impression. Through the video I saw the author Hugo de Burgh’s calm and know that country powerful like America also has its maladies in diet, education, medical and other aspects.And I got a new point of view.Now the course is approaching the ending, I feel I really learnt something. Maybe I won’t go to western countries in the future, but knowledge about English-speaken countries is a wealth of mine.2013/6/5。
英美文化概况论文
The Differences of Teenagers’ Life Between China and AmericaIt is universally known that teenagers are the expectation of their parents and the hope of a nation, and almost all the countries in the world, including C hina and America of course, pay much attention to the teenagers’ life. However, because of the differences of culture in different countries, teenagers are obviously not living a same life. And in this article, I want to talk about some differences of teenagers’ life between China and America, for life of teenagers in these two countries are both typical.First of all, let’s go into schools and find out how teenagers s pending a day at school.As a Chinese student, I really know the teenagers’ life at school in China. We have to get up early so as not to be late for classes in the weekdays, and there are nearly ten lessons, which contain Chinese, maths, physics, chemistry, English and so on, from moning to night so that many students, especially the highschool students, prefer to spend most of time staying in the classrooms rather than go to play games. As there are too many tasks of learning for us, sometimes we even think that doing things which have nothing to do with studing is just a waste of time. So now you should know that Chinese teenagers’ life at school seems to be alittle monotonous and there are few things to do except listening to the teachers in classes, reading books and doing exercises. And at the end of the day, we are always feeling very tired.Compairde with Chinese teenagers’ life at school, American teenagers’ is easier and more colourful. American teenagers attend classes for an everage of only five hours a day, while Chinese teenagers spend about 10 hours a day. What’s more, although American teenagers should also learn a lot of subjects like mathematics, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and so on, the contents of these courses are much easier than Chinese students’. In result, American teenagers have relatively few tasks of learning, and they have far more free time to do things which they like.After classes over, American teenagers will have more activities. For example, doing a part-time job is universal among the teenagers.There is an interesting fact that a ccording to a survey, it is found that “About 54 percent young students have no pocket money in America, and there are fewer chances to get money from their parents as their ages increase. It is also found that 68 percent American stude nts earn pocket money through doing part-time job in their spare time.”(Tin Jennifer, 2005) By this way, American teenagers not only earn pocket money, but also get many chances to train themselves to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently.However, it seems to be hard for Chinese teenagers to do the same things like doing a part-time job as American teenagers. One of the reasons is that Chineseteenagers have less spare time and just within the little spare time, they have to finish much homework. Besides, Chinese parents always protect their children excessively in social activities. Many parents fear that their children will face a lot of difficulties or become bad boys in society; they always reduc e their children’s chances to contact with society or do not let them go to the outside alone. As result, Chinese teenagers live a relatively safe life, with the protection of their parents and teachers, but they may lose a large quantity of chances for themselves to kown the reality of society and develop the aware of independence. And now we should somewhat understand the reason why American teenagers often seems to be more confident and mature.In a word, compared with American teenagers, Chinese teenages live a more tired and simple life. The most important things for them is to finish quite a large number of tasks of studying and they do not need to care about other things too much, because their parents always try to do almost everything for them.But why do these differences above appear? In my opinion, the key reason is that, as we all know, now the only way to select talented person in China is examination. That is to say, we test a person’s level by mark, whith sounds a little cruel. Due to this policy, Chinese teenagers have to undertake the heavy tasks of studyi ng, which is just like Zhengqiang’s(a professer of Zhejiang university) words“In the nowadays, the heavy tasks of studying brings too much pression to our Chinese teenagers but take too much happiness of the teenagers’ life away”. Their parents and teachers also put the children’s mark in an very important place,so they often urge the teenagers to sduty hard and hardly let them to other things. However, owing to the rich resources of education and the relatively variety of ways to select talented person, American teenagers have more choices and they needn’t pay so much attention like Chinese teenagers to study.And secondly, the parents’ conceptions of family education have an great effect on the teenagers’ life too.In China, parents will regard their son or daughter as a child and try to protect their child forever, and the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. What Chinese parents do makes Chinese teenagers live a comfortable life. The teenagers is just like the flowers which are planted in the greenhouses, with no hurt by the wind or snow, beautiful but fragile.However, on the contrary, in America, parents often encourage their children to contact with society. For instance, They let their children do a part-time job by controling the amount of children’s pocket money, which is mentioned in the previous paragraph. What American parents do is to cultivate children’s awareness of frugality and train their children’s ability of independence. Thus, American teenagers may meet more touble in the daily life, but if they overcome the trouble by themselves successfully, they will get a lot of precious social experience that will help them grow up more smoothly.By comparing and contrasting Chinese teenagers’ life with American teenagers’life, we can see that the American mode is better for teenagers to grow up healthily and there are some disadvantages about the Chinese mode. Fortunately, the Chinese government has realized this situation. For example, considering the teenagers’ heavy tasks of studying, the government makes some new education policy such as the policy of quality education to increase ways of talented person selecting to encourage the teenagers to do some other things. Besides, with society developing, Chinese parents also realize that it’s of great importance for children to for a self-supporting will, because it’s the basic quality that help a person succeed in society. Then the parents no longer help their children make all the decisions but they sometimes let their children do same choices. So Chinese teenagers’ life is not so monotonous as before, and I think the teenagers’ life will be more and more colourful, and they can grow up more healthily.参考文本文献以及电子文献：[1] 朱永涛，王立礼。
美国社会与文化论文中文
学习了美国社会与文化后，我对美国的传统价值观有了更深更好的理解一般而言，美国的传统价值观共包括六个方面，即：individual freedom, equality of opportunity, material wealth 和self-reliance, competition, hard work. 其中，前三个方面集中代表了世界各地的人们移民到美国的原因，亦即我们通常所讲的“美国之梦”所包含的主要内容；而后三个方面则是为了实现这些梦想所应付出的代价。
在美国人看来，individual freedom 和self-reliance, equality of opportunity 和competition, material wealth 和hard work 是一一对应的。
你要想实现前一个梦想，就必须付出后边那个代价。
个性自由起源于美国祖先追求宗教信仰自由的传统。
包括自主动机，自主抉择，自力更生，尊重他人，个性自由，尊重隐私等层面。
美国的自由观"不仅指免除对肉体的约束，而且指个人有权签订契约；有权从事任何一种普通谋生职业；有权获取有用的知识；有权结婚、建立家庭和抚养孩子；受自己良心的支配崇拜上帝，以及普遍地享有历来被认为是自由和平等地追求幸福所必不可少的那些特权自力更生每一个人生下来就是自由的，但要真正享受自由就必须要靠自己。
这种观念体现在语言上就是在与美国人交谈时，他们很少通过炫耀自己的家庭或社会关系来抬高自己；如果你要那么做了只能让别人觉得你是个孩子，一个没有自己生活的人永远只能是个孩子。
机会平等美国人永远愿意倾听别人的意见，给别人机会；一个人在一方面犯了错误，并不剥夺他在其他方面出色的权利。
美国人认为在大自然面前，人人有生存权利，只要有力气，有能力，谁都可以获得自然，谁都可以发财当富翁；在政治上，他们主张投票箱面前人人平等，也就是说，人人有选举权；在受教育上，资产阶级进步思想家提倡人人有受教育的机会，公立学校人人均可上学；运动场上，美国人也有他们的标准，只要有体育才能和技术的人，都可以参加竞争；在社交场合，美国人喜欢平等待人，也喜欢被别人平等相待，摆架子、高人一等的表现为人们所不取；在官兵关系方面，美国人认为，官兵之间应该是平等的，指挥官不能向士兵摆资格，不能把权威当宝杖使用；在宗教方面，美国人认为人人有信仰宗教的权利，只要是新教徒，不要经任何神职人员作中介，都可以与上帝相通。
英国和美国的文化英语作文
英国和美国的文化英语作文Cultural Differences between the UK and the US。
The United Kingdom and the United States are two countries that share a common language, but they have many cultural differences. These differences can be seen in their history, traditions, and way of life. In this essay, I will discuss some of the most significant cultural differences between the UK and the US.One of the most noticeable differences is the way people speak. Although both countries speak English, there are some significant differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. For example, Americans tend to use simpler vocabulary and shorter sentences than the British. The pronunciation of certain words is also different, such as "schedule," which is pronounced "shed-yool" in the UK and "sked-yool" in the US.Another significant difference is the way peoplesocialize. In the UK, people tend to be more reserved and formal, while in the US, people are more outgoing and informal. Americans are known for their friendliness and willingness to strike up a conversation with strangers,while the British are more likely to keep to themselves and avoid making small talk.Cuisine is another area where the two countries differ significantly. British cuisine is known for being heartyand filling, with dishes such as fish and chips, roast beef, and shepherd's pie. American cuisine, on the other hand, is more diverse and influenced by different cultures, with dishes such as hamburgers, hot dogs, and pizza being popular.Sports are also an area where the UK and the US differ. In the UK, football (soccer) is the most popular sport,while in the US, American football, basketball, andbaseball are more popular. The two countries also have different attitudes towards sports. In the UK, sports are seen as a way to bring people together and build community spirit, while in the US, sports are often seen as a way toachieve individual success and fame.Finally, the two countries have different attitudes towards work and leisure. In the UK, there is a stronger emphasis on work-life balance, with shorter working hours and more vacation time. In the US, there is a culture of working long hours and sacrificing leisure time for career success.In conclusion, the cultural differences between the UK and the US are significant and reflect the unique histories and traditions of each country. These differences can be seen in the way people speak, socialize, eat, play sports, and approach work and leisure. Understanding these differences can help us appreciate and respect thediversity of our global community.。
英美文化概况结课论文
The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。
“英美社会与文化”课程论文
British generally don’t show their own inner world to others and this feature is very evident in the upper classes of society. It is difficult to know a reserved person: he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that.
论英美国家文化差异
论英美国家文化差异翻开世界地图，山河纵横间向我们诉说着各个国家的成长与荣耀。
其间，英美两国分别伫立于欧洲与北美洲。
是当今世界社会上无需多言的两大强国。
她们有着各自的尊严与骄傲。
尽管同为资本主义国家，主宰着当今世界诸多事件的走向，但因着血液与秉性里的傲骨，她们必然是互不服气的。
英国人嘲笑着对方历史的缺失，对方反击着英国对未来的不解。
既然如此相似的国家互相叫板，那她们也必定是存在着许多的不同，不妨略微探询一番。
不可否认，英美文化具有同源性。
更确切些，英国文化是美国文化的树之根，水之源，美国文化秉承了英国文化的许多东西。
但随着历史长河的不断推进，文化的绵延传承，独立成长两百多年的美国文化由于不同的生态环境已经产生了诸多变异。
就像母花产下的花种移栽到了其他的环境下，受着不同土壤与光照的滋养，已然产出的物种与其母体便有了林林总总的不同。
尽管二者皆以英语为母语，但英语之于其二者却是不尽相同。
英国人的英语发音较为清晰，连读较少，听起来更为字正腔圆。
反观之美国人，则秉持着能省则省，可连则连的原则，但是十分符合他们从简随性的风格。
另外，日常的生活习俗上他们也有着各自的特点，从穿着上看，英国人惯常的讲究绅士风度，西装革履，皮鞋锃亮。
美国人相较之下则随性的多，以舒适为主，不介意他人的评价。
再看饮食。
英国是众所周知的绅士淑女的国度，从选材到烹饪，无一不是细致到极致，周身散发着上流社会的高贵气质。
食不言语，餐具不能发出敲击之声…到了美国人身上，一切可就没那么精细了，不求奢华，只图方便，只有快捷的的餐饮才能满足他们快节奏生活的要求。
这样的饮食习惯在某种程度上也反映了美国人的随性与雷厉风行，不似英国人的拖沓和对细节的注重。
此外，十分鲜明的还有两国人的个性。
有人把英国人的性格概括成：冷漠、含蓄、内敛、保守、理性严谨、绅士的幽默。
相对应美国人的性格特点是热情、开朗、冒险、创新、奔放活剥、直白的幽默。
英美社会与文化课英语作文
英美社会与文化课英语作文The United States and the United Kingdom, two of the most influential countries in the world, have long been known for their rich cultural heritage and diverse societies. As neighboring nations with a shared history and language, the two countries have developed distinct social and cultural identities that have significantly impacted the global landscape. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of English and American society and culture, examining the similarities and differences that make these nations unique.One of the most striking aspects of both English and American society is the emphasis placed on individualism and personal freedom. In both countries, the notion of the individual as the fundamental unit of society is deeply ingrained, with a strong emphasis on personal rights, self-expression, and the pursuit of personal goals. This individualistic ethos has shaped the social and political landscapes of both nations, leading to the development of robust democratic institutions and a vibrant civil society.However, the expression of this individualism can take differentforms in the two countries. In the United Kingdom, the concept of the "stiff upper lip" and a more reserved, formal approach to social interactions are often seen as hallmarks of English culture. Britons are often perceived as more polite, reserved, and deferential to authority, with a strong sense of tradition and social hierarchy. In contrast, American society is often characterized by a more casual, outgoing, and egalitarian approach to social interactions, with a greater emphasis on informality and self-expression.These cultural differences are reflected in the educational systems of the two countries as well. The English education system is often seen as more rigorous and academically focused, with a strong emphasis on traditional academic subjects and a more structured, hierarchical approach to learning. In contrast, the American education system is often more diverse and flexible, with a greater emphasis on practical, hands-on learning and a more individualized approach to student development.Another key aspect of both English and American society is the role of religion and spirituality. In the United Kingdom, the Church of England, the official state church, has played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural and social landscape. While religious observance has declined in recent decades, the influence of the Anglican church can still be felt in many aspects of English life, from the architecture of historic cathedrals to the observance of religiousholidays.In the United States, the religious landscape is much more diverse, with a wide range of Christian denominations, as well as significant populations of adherents to other faiths, such as Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism. The separation of church and state enshrined in the US Constitution has led to a more pluralistic religious environment, where individuals are free to practice their faith without state interference.Despite these differences, both England and the United States share a deep appreciation for the arts and cultural expression. From the literary masterpieces of Shakespeare and Hemingway to the iconic works of art in the National Gallery and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the two countries have made invaluable contributions to the global cultural landscape.In the realm of popular culture, the influence of both nations is equally profound. The music, film, and television industries of the UK and the US have captivated audiences around the world, with iconic artists, actors, and directors shaping the cultural zeitgeist. From the Beatles to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the cultural exchange between the two countries has been a two-way street, with each nation's creative output influencing and inspiring the other.Despite these shared cultural ties, there are also significant differences between English and American society that are worth exploring. One of the most notable is the role of government and the relationship between the individual and the state. In the United Kingdom, the monarchical system and the tradition of parliamentary democracy have led to a more centralized and hierarchical approach to governance, with a stronger emphasis on social welfare and collective responsibility.In contrast, the United States has a more decentralized, federalist system of government, with a stronger emphasis on individual rights and a more limited role for the federal government. This difference in political philosophy has shaped the social and economic landscapes of the two countries, leading to divergent approaches to issues such as healthcare, education, and social welfare.Another key difference between English and American society is the role of class and social stratification. In the UK, the legacy of the aristocratic system and the enduring influence of the upper classes have led to a more rigid social hierarchy, with a stronger emphasis on tradition, privilege, and social status. In the US, the notion of a classless society and the "American Dream" of social mobility have led to a more fluid and dynamic social structure, with a greater emphasis on individual achievement and entrepreneurship.Despite these differences, however, both England and the United States share a deep commitment to democratic values and a belief in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. From the Magna Carta to the US Constitution, the two countries have played a pivotal role in shaping the global discourse on human rights, civil liberties, and the rule of law.In conclusion, the societies and cultures of England and the United States are complex and multifaceted, shaped by a rich history, diverse populations, and a shared commitment to democratic ideals. While the two nations may differ in their specific cultural expressions and social structures, they are united by a common language, a deep appreciation for the arts and creativity, and a shared belief in the power of the individual to shape the world around them. As the world continues to evolve and change, the enduring influence of English and American society and culture will undoubtedly continue to shape the global landscape for generations to come.。
英美国家社会与文化论文
The British Educational SystemAs far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play.Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school.What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc.Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years.Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (GeneralNational V ocational Qualification).In my opinion, about the entrance procedures, in the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions. Admission-selection on basis of A level results & an interview.In teaching methods, we can see, the UK educational system encourages self-study, discussions and practical work. The students may have time-tabled classes or might be encouraged to do more of independent work for a substantial amount of time depending on the course.Most of the courses would include the following teaching methods: lectures, seminars, tutorials, independent workand coursework.There are two famous universities in Britain. They are the Cambridge and Oxford. Cambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford. Cambridge is one of the world’s great universities, and has the ability to transform lives. If you study here, you will experience that quality at first hand. Day to day, you will work with academic staff who are leaders in their fields, and who are also committed to see you succeed, and to help you develop your ideas, knowledge and understanding.Legend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred in 872 to encourage education and establish schools throughout his territory. Like a grammar school, it was just a place for teaching Latin grammar at that time. The University actually began in the 12th century as gatherings of students around popular masters. The university consisted of people, not buildings. The buildings came later as a recognition of something that already existed. In a way, Oxford was never founded; it grew.Oxford is one of the greatest universities in the world. It has played a distinguished part in the history of our country and our continent, and has much to contribute to our success and our well-being as a civilized community in the future.The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started June 10, 1829.The event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The race has beenwon by Cambridge 79 times and Oxford 73 so far. The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard (6.8 km) stretch of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake in London.Oxford wear dark blue and Cambridge light blue.In Chinese higher education, we can find five dilemmas. There is enrollment expansion, elite education vs mass education, intense competition in the job market, resources are straining and education quality is suffering.There are five defects of Chinese higher education. Defect 1: Blind Enrollment Expansion. Universities seem to have enrolled more than they can accommodate! Limited facilities & space, insufficient resources, shabby dorms (slum)…Expansion means a lot more! Fierce competition in the job market. Defect 2: Awkward Teaching Method. Teachers tend to spoon-feed their students who are in turn spoon-fed and force-fed!More trust, freedom, interactions and responsibilities for the students! Teachers should serve as advisors & assistants!Defect 3: Prescribed / Designated Textbooks. A lack of flexibility (few alternative choices), Outdated contents (keep pace with), The prescribed textbooks can be replaced by …Defect 4: Unreasonable Curriculum. Many outdated courses should be abolished! More utilitarian courses are welcome! (Computer Science, Business, Finance, Accounting and Law)One shouldn’t be confined to one’s specific field.Moral education is in urgent demand! (campus violence, suicide, theft, murder) Defect 5:Unfair Assessment System. Exam-oriented style! (Scores talk!)Students: exams of lottery(memory test / work overtime shortly before the test)How can we improve it? I will show my answer. It’s a time-consuming & systematic project.Never wait for the improvement! Get a move now! You and me are part of Chinese higher education! Try to make the best and most of the current situation! Stop complaining and try to make a difference from now on.。
英美文化选修课应用文
英美文化选修课应用文亲爱的老师：我是一名对英美文化充满兴趣的学生，我非常希望能够选择一门英美文化选修课来丰富自己的知识和视野。
在我考虑的各种选修课中，英美文化课是我非常感兴趣的一门课程。
通过这门课程，在了解和学习英美文化的同时，我相信我会获得更深入的跨文化交流能力和对英美文化的全面理解。
首先，英美文化选修课可以帮助我更好地了解英美社会和历史。
通过学习英美文化的背景和发展，我将能够深入了解英美社会的形成和演变过程，从而对英美国家的社会制度、价值观念和文化传统有更全面的了解。
此外，我也可以通过学习英美历史了解到英美国家的重要事件和人物，这将增强我对英美历史的认识和理解。
其次，英美文化选修课还可以提高我的英语听说读写能力。
通过学习英美文化课，我将有更多的机会接触和使用英语，这将有利于提高我的英语水平。
在课堂上，我将有机会听取和参与英美文化的讨论，不断提升我的英语听说能力。
在阅读文献和写作论文的过程中，我将能够提高我的阅读理解和写作表达能力。
此外，英美文化选修课还可以拓宽我的视野。
通过学习英美文化，我将接触到丰富多样的英美文学、艺术和电影作品，了解到英美文化的多元性和创造力。
这将有助于我拓宽自己的审美眼界，培养对不同文化的包容和欣赏能力。
我相信这种广泛的文化视野将对我的人生和职业发展产生积极的影响。
最后，我认为英美文化选修课也可以帮助我更好地了解英美国家的人民和社会现象。
通过学习英美文化，我将深入了解英美国家的社会问题和文化特点，对英美国家的民族和社会多样性有更全面的了解。
这将培养我对不同文化和社会群体的理解和尊重，提高我的跨文化交流能力。
总之，我非常希望能够选择一门英美文化选修课。
通过这门课程，我将能够深入了解英美文化的方方面面，提高我的英语能力和跨文化交流能力，并拓宽我的视野和知识面。
我相信这将对我的综合素质和未来的职业发展产生积极的影响。
希望能够得到您的支持，并有机会参加这门精彩的英美文化选修课。
美国社会与文化论文英文
After the study of American society and culture, I have a deeper and better understanding of the traditional values of traditional values of the United States. In general, the United States traditional values ,includes six aspects, namely: individual freedom, equality of opportunity, material wealth and self-reliance, competition, hard work. Among them, the first three aspects concentrated represent the people from all over the world to . immigration reasons, that we often speak of "American dream" contains the main content; Then three aspects is to achieve these dreams should pay a price. For the United States people, individual freedom and self-reliance, equality of opportunity and competition, material wealth and hard work is the one-to-one. Before you want to realize a dream, it must pay back the c o s t. Individual freedom , It originated in the tradition of the liberty of individuality ancestors of the us pursuing religious freedom. Including independent motivation, independent choices, self-reliance, and respect for others, the liberty of individuality, respect the privacy and other aspects. America's idea of "not only refers to exempt from the physical constraints, and refers to the individual has the right to sign a contract; has the right to engage in any kind of common career; has the right to make a living to obtain useful knowledge, has the right to get married, a family and raising children and by your conscience, and a general dominate worshipgod always considered the right to liberty and equality to the pursuit of happiness of those essential privilegeSelf-reliance. every life down there is free, but to really enjoy free will have to rely on yourself. This kind of idea embodied in the language is in the United States and talk to people, they rarely by showing off their family or social relationship to drive up; If you want to do so can only let others feel that you are a child, not his life forever can is a child. The equality of opportunity. Americans always willing to listen to the opinions of others, give other people opportunities; A person on the one hand made a mistake, and does not take away his good rights in other ways. Americans believe that before in nature, and everyone has the right to live, so long as has the strength, the ability, who can get natural, who can make a fortune when millionaire; In politics, they contend that everyone is equal before the ballot box, that is, everyone has the right to vote; In education by, bourgeois progressive thinker advocate everyone has the opportunity to by education, public schools every person can go to school; The playground, Americans have their standards, so long as has the sports ability and technology can attend competition; In a social situation, the American people like equal to them, also like to be others treat one another as equals, put on AIRS, superior performance for people do not take; In the officers and soldiers on the relationship between the United States people think, between officers and men should be equal, not a qualificationto the soldiers commander, cannot treat authority when treasure staff use; In religion, Americans believe that everyone has the right to religious freedom, as long as it is protestants, don't the clergy any for intermediaries, can be interlinked with god.Competition. consciousness competition is eternal, is also a person to prove his position in society the means, but at the same time he may want to colleagues and cooperation. But please note, the American people understand "competition" and not the victory "self-centered", but by others understand and recognition; In addition, Americans in order to clear understanding of the victory can only show the past, tomorrow there will be a more challenges, to be optimistic face challenges, to participate in the competition.Material wealth. American ancestors come from mostly in the poor, the pursuit of wealth and improve the quality of life for the vast majority of immigrant dream. Today Americans now for wealth far beyond the understanding of their ancestors, time, health, and the power, and the information, etc, are beyond the value of paper money, money become a representative symbol. In short, in the American people, a person should have the pursue, this is your personal motivation.Hard work. Most Americans would "work, progressive" as yourself for wealth and keep wealth. In the big us store, a "DIY" goods the most popular. Many people in the United States has to work, as a kind of the pleasure of life.Before in the competition, and only professional and keep making progress, to maintain our unbeaten in the competition.Here are some subclasses can help group we understand I mentioned the United States in front of traditional values.1, American business emphasizes the "free market", this and the United States has been since the beginning of the liberal values are closely linked.American value system is and economic reform related. Precisely, and "free market" produce relates in together, the free market in American life is the root of all kinds of basic contradiction: economic efficiency for service, political equality for services, cultural for self realization of the three standards service form the American society of three kinds of the most important restrict each other values. A century and a half since, these three different value orientation always happens between tension and conflict.2, the American public education in order to realize the equality of opportunity, the social mobility of social and economic justice aspects of equality as a goal.American education, self-reliance and responsibility spirit, is the starting point of the education for their children. Let the child learn to independenceThe moral education that the President of the United States in theestablishment of a democratic country will up quite important role. Development education to help my fellow citizens aware of their moral responsibility, this no matter to guarantee the safety of their fellow citizens, or to establish a state of the normal order, is very necessary. Religion, morality and knowledge to the government are needed, they can human welfare services, and schools and legislative institution is should rely on the support of the country.3. The United States and the separation of isn't unique, because all European countries for religious freedom of the constitution provides a guarantee. The mainstream American religious really is unique because of the existence of free church. The world's religious freedom will soon from the belief systems, to fully liberalism, and in the United States, free the secularization of sectarian very slowly, of which a large degree is the liberalization of religion and a series of the compulsory religious worship combine together.4. The Americans to a person in the family background, parents position have little interest in this kind of thing, because a man can succeed in life, parents' name is not much help, and no one bought this bill. The son of a President can still to wipe the car, could come out on top in the individual's struggle to get. For example in the school, the students to get scholarships or other encouragement, premise condition is to strive to academic performance than the other students. University teacherspromotion, pay conditions, except I writings, but must see the students to his teaching job evaluation. At the end of each learn, all the students have to fill out an to teacher teaching evaluation table, and the content includes: the teachers teach how ability; After school counseling if adequate; This professional knowledge is proficient in and so on. The result of the comparison to the school. Therefore, one who promotion salary isn't at school who long depends on the length of the time, but look at the above conditions. In this kind of environment, teachers' performance means and colleague's compare, also is a kind of competition. The small company staff, even if is a typing or filing documents of, also want to try to do better than colleagues well, you have hope a promotion or a raise.These reflect the United States six big traditional values, and the influence of American life.The last time we saw a movie called cold mountain, from the movie, inside tell him about the American civil war, black for their rights, fight for individual liberty. After the war the political position of blacks have improved, participating in the number increases ceaselessly.The black economy may be improving. The life of the Negro than ever with improved, in law won and white equal rights, but as it is just a little bit a little bit better than before the war. Inman fled from the war on the way home, I met many difficulties, hunger, the temptation to pursue the defector the army, but he was overcome these difficulties return tothe home, it is also a kind of self-reliance. But in the film's most major or speak to individual freedom, one of the traditional values. Personal freedom is always Americans have been constantly seeking to realize the rights.Americans have been in constant innovation, but in the United States in the development of the traditional values plays a big part, the conventional stuff also is not necessarily bad, as long as reasonable use, not only will it not hinder it will promote development. American society and culture this course let I to the United States had a deeper understanding, although English level is not much, but something to me very pretty good.。