2011年数学建模B题

合集下载

2011年数学建模B题答案

2011年数学建模B题答案

2011年数学建模B题答案load B1.txt %巡警站点号、横坐标、纵坐标(前三列)load B2.txt %起始点,末端位置号(两列)hzb=B1(:,2);%横坐标zzb=B1(:,3);%纵坐标start=B2(:,1);%起始位置fina=B2(:,2);%末端位置n=length(hzb);%坐标个数m=length(start);%起始点个数:含重复a=ones(n,n);%n阶矩阵b=10000.*a;%b为矩阵a的值乘上10000for i=1:m %每个始点出去x=start(i);y=fina(i);if y<=92s=((hzb(x)-hzb(y))^2+(zzb(x)-zzb(y))^2)^0.5;b(x,y)=s;b(y,x)=s;%双向图距离endendpath=zeros(n,20);%终点前一个路劲节点distance=b(:,1:20);%二十个站到其他点的最短距离u=0;mindis=10000;%最短距离初始为10000flag=1;s=zeros(n,1);for i=1:20s=0.*s;%每次清零flag=1;%bool型标量for j=1:nif distance(j,i)<10000path(j,i)=i;%若满足,就往下走endends(i)=1;for j=1:n% if flag==1mindis=10000;for k=1:nif s(k)==0 & distance(k,i)<mindisu=k;mindis=distance(k,i);%选择最小的赋给mindisendend% if mindis>30% flag=0;% ends(u)=1;for k=1:nif s(k)==0 & b(u,k)<10000 & distance(u,i)+b(u,k)<distance(k,i)distance(k,i)=distance(u,i)+b(u,k);path(k,i)=u; %选择最短路径endend% endendendfor i=1:20for j=1:nifdistance(j,i)<10000&fprintf(' %d %d %f,%d\n',i,j,distance(j,i),pa th(j,i));%fprintf('%d %d %f %d\n',i,j,distance(j,i),path(j ,i));%fprintf('%f\n',distance(j,i)); %输出路径,始点,终点,及终点前一个结点endendend数学建模文章格式模版题目:明确题目意思一、摘要:500个字左右,包括模型的主要特点、建模方法和主要结果二、关键字:3-5个三.问题重述。

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题省一等奖

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题省一等奖

承诺书我们仔细阅读了中国大学生数学建模竞赛的竞赛规则.我们完全明白,在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式(包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等)与队外的任何人(包括指导教师)研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。

我们知道,抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛规则的, 如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料),必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。

我们郑重承诺,严格遵守竞赛规则,以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。

如有违反竞赛规则的行为,我们将受到严肃处理。

我们参赛选择的题号是(从A/B/C/D中选择一项填写): B我们的参赛报名号为(如果赛区设置报名号的话):B甲00226所属学校(请填写完整的全名):参赛队员(打印并签名) :1.2.3.指导教师或指导教师组负责人(打印并签名):日期: 2011 年 9 月 12 日赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号):编号专用页赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号):全国统一编号(由赛区组委会送交全国前编号):全国评阅编号(由全国组委会评阅前进行编号):交巡警服务平台的设置与调度摘要对于给各个交巡警服务平台分配管辖范围的问题,首先运用Dijkstra算法求出A区交通网络中的任一路口节点到其他路口节点的最短路经值,再从道路的两个节点出发,选出具离它最近的交巡警服务平台,那么此道路就由所选的服务平台来管辖,这样可以依次选出各条道路所对应的交巡警服务平台,那么各交巡警服务平台相对应的管辖范围就能划分出来。

对于调度20各服务平台来封锁13条交通要道,也即13个路口节点的情况,假设每个路口节点只需一个服务平台的警力资源来封锁,建立一个有路程约束的最佳调度方案,得出进出城区的标号为12、14、16、21、22、23、24、28、29、30、38、48、62的路口节点分别由标号为12、9、16、14、10、13、11、15、7、8、2、5、4的交巡警服务平台的警力资源来封锁。

2011全国数学建模B题 交巡警服务平台的设置与调度

2011全国数学建模B题 交巡警服务平台的设置与调度

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目(请先阅读“全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范”)B题交巡警服务平台的设置与调度“有困难找警察”,是家喻户晓的一句流行语。

警察肩负着刑事执法、治安管理、交通管理、服务群众四大职能。

为了更有效地贯彻实施这些职能,需要在市区的一些交通要道和重要部位设置交巡警服务平台。

每个交巡警服务平台的职能和警力配备基本相同。

由于警务资源是有限的,如何根据城市的实际情况与需求合理地设置交巡警服务平台、分配各平台的管辖范围、调度警务资源是警务部门面临的一个实际课题。

试就某市设置交巡警服务平台的相关情况,建立数学模型分析研究下面的问题:(1)附件1中的附图1给出了该市中心城区A的交通网络和现有的20个交巡警服务平台的设置情况示意图,相关的数据信息见附件2。

请为各交巡警服务平台分配管辖范围,使其在所管辖的范围内出现突发事件时,尽量能在3分钟内有交巡警(警车的时速为60km/h)到达事发地。

对于重大突发事件,需要调度全区20个交巡警服务平台的警力资源,对进出该区的13条交通要道实现快速全封锁。

实际中一个平台的警力最多封锁一个路口,请给出该区交巡警服务平台警力合理的调度方案。

根据现有交巡警服务平台的工作量不均衡和有些地方出警时间过长的实际情况,拟在该区内再增加2至5个平台,请确定需要增加平台的具体个数和位置。

(2)针对全市(主城六区A,B,C,D,E,F)的具体情况,按照设置交巡警服务平台的原则和任务,分析研究该市现有交巡警服务平台设置方案(参见附件)的合理性。

如果有明显不合理,请给出解决方案。

如果该市地点P(第32个节点)处发生了重大刑事案件,在案发3分钟后接到报警,犯罪嫌疑人已驾车逃跑。

为了快速搜捕嫌疑犯,请给出调度全市交巡警服务平台警力资源的最佳围堵方案。

附件1:A区和全市六区交通网络与平台设置的示意图。

附件2:全市六区交通网络与平台设置的相关数据表(共5个工作表)。

交巡警的服务平台的设置与调度摘要正在整理……一、问题重述……二、问题分析……三、模型的假设^四、符号说明^五、模型的建立与求解问题一:(1)各交巡警服务平台的管辖范围,尽量在分钟内到达事发地,实质上是求最短路径问题。

2011数学建模(美赛)b题

2011数学建模(美赛)b题

Minimizing the Number of repeatersIntroductionVery high frequency (VHF) is the radio spectrum,whose frequency band ranges from 30MHz to 300MHz. VHF is always used for radio stations and television broadcasts. In addition, it is also used by signal transmission of sea navigation and aviation. Because the radio spectrum of VHF is transmitted through straight lines, a signal is easily influenced by geographical factors easily. Thus, signals become weak when it is transmitted and some low-power users need repeaters to amplify them and increase the transmission distance. We consider the situation in which every two repeaters are too close or the separate frequency is not far enough apart which can interference with each other. In order to mitigate the interference caused by the nearby repeaters, this paper employs a continuous tone-coded squelch system (CTCSS). We associate to each repeater a separate subaudible tone,that is, the subaudible tone (67Hz-250.3Hz) is added to VHF. In this way, repeaters recognize signals attached to the same subaudible tones just like secret keys. In this system, the nearby repeaters can share the same frequency pair. When users send the signals at one frequency, different repeaters with subaudible tones can recognize signals from the users the same subaudible tone. If the users in a certain area contact with each other, we should consider the signal’ s coverage area of the users and the repeaters. As long as the users’ signals are accepted by repeaters, the signals could be amplified to transmit farther. At the same time, the repeaters attached with the subaudible tones could only recognize the users with the same subaudible tones. Hence, we can consider repeaters corresponding to the number of the users, which leads to the problem of frequency channel. When the number of users in this area increases, we can add repeaters. If two repeaters have different subaudible tones, they would not communicate with each other. Thus, we should consider the problem of how the repeaters communicate with each other when they have different subaudible tones. In the mobile communication system,the spectrum is influenced by many factors such as reflex,diffraction and dispersion. Therefore, when the radio spectrum transmits in the mountainous area,we should still consider the factors above.Repeaters[4]Repeaters are a type of equipment which can amplify signals,make up the deamplification signals and support far distance communication.CTCSS[5]CTCSS(Continuous Tone Controlled Squelch System ) is short for subaudible tones, whose frequency ranges from 67Hz to 250.3Hz. It is added to the radio spectrum to make the signal carry with a unique secret key.AssumptionThe users in the area is uniform distributedThe signal of the radio spectrum in the area can’t be effected by environmentIn a certain period of time there are a small number of users removingAll repeaters have the same standardAnalysis and solution of the model to the first problemThe problem is to find a least number of repeaters in an area of radius 40 miles so that the users in this area can communicate with each other. Considering that the given area is flat, we assume that the signal ofeach repeater covers a circular area and the repeater lies in the center of the circle. The following Figure 1 shows the relationship of three adjacent repeaters.CFor case B of Figure 1, if three circles are tangent to each other, then we find that the center area cannot be covered by the singles. In order to make the signal cover the triangle area, we have to consider adding a For case C, if the intersection of three circles is not null, similar to case B, we also have to add another repeater. Thus, it is easy to find that case A, comparing with cases B and C, is optimal. Thus, we obtain the largest covering area When linked hexagons, as shown in Figure 2. Obviously, it looks like a honeycomb structure. In fact, the honeycomb pattern is one of the most efficient arrangement for radio spectrum. It transmits by the wireless medium of microwave, satellites and radiation. The structure has a feature of point-to-point transmission or multicast. It is widely used in UN Urban Network, Campus Network and Enterprise Network.Figure 2. some circles intersecting together form the closely linked hexagons Now we have a circle with radius of 40 miles. Then we analyze the distances of signals from users and repeaters covering in the circle. Because the differences for the users and repeaters in energy and height, they have different covering distances. We calculate the distances with the theory of space loss. The formula[6]is1288.120lg 20lg 40lg LM F h h d =+-+,LM the wireless lossF the communication working frequency(MHz)1h the height of the repeater (m)2h the height of the user(m)d the distance between the user and repeater(km) We assume that 150F MHZ =,1 1.5h m = and 230h m =, under the condition of the cable loss and antenna gain, we obtain the system gain()(1,21,2)i j SG Pt PA RA CL RR i j =+-++==.The system gain is the allowed decay maximum of the signal from the users to repeaters. If the system gain value is higher than the wireless loss, the users could communicate with each other. Reversely, the users could not communicate. We make the system gain value equals to the wireless loss, thus, we get the extremity distance between the user and repeater. Then we haveSG LM =We choose a typical repeater and the user facility. Thus, the parameters [6] and data of the repeaters are as followsThe transmitting power 120(43)Pt W dBm =The receiving sensitivity 1116RR dBm =-The antenna gain of the repeaters 9.8RA dB =The cable loss 2CL dB =The parameters of the interphoneThe transmitting power 24(36)Pt W dBm =The receiving sensitivity 2116RR dBm =-The antenna gain of the interphone 0PA dB =The system gain of the system from users to repeaters 1144.2SG dB =. Thus, we get the sending distance from the users to repeaters 113.8d km =. Prove in the same way, we have the system gain of the system from the repeaters to users 2151.2SG dB =, the sending distance from the repeaters to the users 220.7d km =According to the sending distance 113.8D km = between user and repeater as well as the property of regular hexagon, we calculate the distance between two repeaters. We obtain that 223.09D km =, which is described in Figure 3. Because 2D is shorter than 2'D , users in this area cannot communicate with each other. Thus, we consider the sending distance 2'D between two repeaters firstly. Then we calculate the distance between the user and the repeater again shown in Figure 4. Finally, we get that 1'12.4D km =.Figure 3. the calculation distance according to the sending distance from users to repeaters.Figure 4. the calculation distance according to the sending distance from repeaters to the users.According to the calculated distance 12'12.4'21.45D km D km ==, we know that the given circle has a radius of 40 miles. We firstly consider the signals ’ covered area of the repeaters. Thus, we get the distribution of the repeater stations in this area showed in Figure 5. The number of repeater stations is 37. However, we need to decide the amount of repeaters distributing in one station.channel (the signaling channel between two points to transmit and receive signals) to transmit signals. Hence, we need 27 frequency channels [2] to maintain the normal communication.In order to avoid the interference about the close frequency between two repeaters, we arrange each repeater 10 frequency channels. We have121145.0145.03145.06145.09145.6145.63145.66145.69146.2146.23146.26146.29146.8146.83146.86146.89147.4147.43147.46147.49Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz pl r Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz r ⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎩()233145.12145.15145.72145.75()()146.32146.35146.92146.95147.52147.55MHz MHzMHz MHz pl r pl MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩ Here, n is the number of repeaters.In this method of distribution ,we ensure that the signal could still be recognized after transmission. We associate to each repeater a subaudible tone and the users need to use the same tone to receive the corresponding signal. We suppose each repeater station have the same repeaters attached with different subaudible tones. In this way, we guarantee the signals transmitting in this zone without interference. Because when one user sends a signal with a specific frequency, the repeater could send the signal after adding or subtracting 600 KHz. However, our frequency channels cover the whole scope of the frequency. Thus, the signal can be transmitted in this zone.Finally, we calculate the number of the repeaters in a repeater station and obtain the number is 3. Thus, the total number of the repeaters is 3*37111=.When the number of users in this zone increases to 10000, we consider the problem as the first model. In this situation, each repeater station should cover 10000/37270.3= users. Hence, we need 270 frequency channels to maintain the normal communication. Since the number of the channels is too large, it is wasteful to use 10 frequency channels for the first problem. Thus, we consider assigning each repeater station 30 channels. Furthermore, we get 9 repeaters. However, for the frequency rand ranging from145MHz to 148MHz, the channel changes to 11.1KHz, which leads to the channels interfering with each other. Hence, we make use of the CTCSS system to distribute the 9 repeaters different PL tones. We can build the repeaters which can transmit the same frequency and have different tones.11145145.03145.06145.09145.012145.015145.6145.63145.66145.69145.72145.75()146.2146.23146.26146.29146.32146.35146.8146.83146.86146.89146.92146.95147.4147.43147.46147.49147.52147.55r mhz pl ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩1'1'145145.03145.06145.09145.012145.015145.6145.63145.66145.69145.72145.75()146.2146.23146.26146.29146.32146.35146.8146.83146.86146.89146.92146.95147.4147.43147.46147.49147.52147.55r mhz pl ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩Thus, we calculate the number of the repeaters in a repeater station is 270/309=. Then the total number of the repeaters is 9*37333=.The model of the line-of-sight propagation considering the effect ofthe mountainsWe search some information on how to build the repeaters at the top of the mountains. According to the factors influencing the positions of the repeaters, we establish a model to simulate these impact factors of transmission of VHF radio spectrum.When repeaters are installed at the tops of the mountainous, the positions of the repeaters are related to the height of the antenna, its coverage radius, the repeater power and antenna gain. Thus, it is difficult to build the communication network. In order to build communication network well, we should do lots of experiments to ensure the positions of the repeaters according to actual geomorphic environment.Since mountains have different heights, we mainly consider three cases. Case 1 is that the heights of the mountains are 15m below, case 2 requires that the heights ranges from 15 to 30m and the last one is 30m above.The Egli modelThis model considers the height of the mountains below 15m. We assume that the mountains in this zone have no larger peaks, that is, this zone is a medium rolling terrain.This model is based on the data of the mobile communication, which is established by Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It is an empirical equation which is summarized from the data of the irregular terrain. This model based on the barrier height is applied to the VHF radio spectrum and the irregular terrain. It demands the barrier height above 15m. When the barrier height is under 15m ,we modify the model to verify the modified factor T C . The loss of the spectrum [1] equation is218820lg 40lg 20lg 20lg T LM F d h h C =++---.Here, we assume that d is the distance between the two antennas (m), h ∆is the height of thetopography. If we use b h to denote the practical height of the sending signal antenna, o h to denote the least effective height of the antenna and m h the practical height of the receiving signal antenna, then theeffective height of the sending signal antenna 1h satisfies1()2b o h h h m +=, and the effective height of the receiving signal antenna 2h satisfies2()2m o h h h m +=, 100-10-20-301020305070100200300500t h e m o d i f y i n g f a c t o r s K /d B /h mFigure 6[1]. the range of the modifying factor. We obtain the relationship between the height of the topography and the modifying factor from the empirical data. Furthermore, we get the equation with respect to h ∆and T C .C 1.6670.1094h25150T MHz F MHz =-∆<< C 2.250.1476h150162T MHz F MHz =-∆<< C 3.750.2461h 450470T MHz F MHz =-∆<<This model for irregular area is fit for the frequency ranging from 40 to 450MHz. When the frequency is higher than 25MHz or lower than 400MHz and the distance between two antennas is less than 64km, the error would be very small. Through the model we can evaluate the value of the wireless loss and the number of the repeaters.Figure 7 describes the positions of the mobile station, repeater and the barrier. Next, we introduce the concept of the clearance.Figure 7.The schematic of the clearanceT the position of the mobile stationR the position of the repeater1d the distance between the mobile station and the barrier2d the distance between the repeaters and the barrierAssume that the line HD is perpendicular to line RT, which is called clearance showed in Figure 7. Because the distance between the two antennas is very far, thus, the HD is short. Then we can substitute the hd for HC . If the radius of the first Fresnel region (the region is used to evaluate the transmission energy of the video spectrum.) is 1F , we regard 1/HC F as the relative clearance.The equation [2] of the radius of the first Fresnel region is12112d d F d d λ=+where λ is a parameter.When the radio spectrum transmits ,there are always many barriers such as constructions, trees and peaks blocking the spectrum. If the height of the barrier has not reached the first Fresnel zone ,the barrier would have little influence to the receiving frequency level. However, when it is in the zone, it will cause the added losses (the power losses of the sending power relative to the receiving power) to decrease the receiving electrical level. The diffraction losses /dB T h e d i f f r a c t i o n l o s s e s /d BFigure 7. The relationship between diffraction losses and clearance [1].The relationship between the added losses and the clearance caused by the barriers is showed in Figure 7. When the height of the barrier is under the line RT and the relative clearance is larger than 0.5,the added losses changes around 0db. In this situation,the practical receiving electrical level approaches the value of the space loss. We can get the value of the clearance HC is less than0.557F or a negative value. It may1hinder the transmission of direct wave. Thus, we should make the barriers lie below the line RT. Strengths●In the first model, we distribute each repeater 5 frequency channels, meanwhile the different repeatershave different PL tones. Thus, under the condition of avoiding the interference of repeaters with each other, we control the number of frequency channels least to make the transmission more efficient.●The model is established when the users are uniformly distributed. When the number of users increases,the number of repeaters increases. Thus, this model applies the zone where the users are unevenlydistributed.●The Egli model is a model considering the modifying factors, which make the mountains areas problembe easily understood.Weaknesses●In the signal’s coverage area of the repeaters, we assume that each channel only has one user. However,in the practical situation, there may not be one user. That is to say, we have wasted the channel.●Our model belongs to fixed channels distribution strategies, the larger number of the users, the largernumber of the channels. It leads to channel interference with each other when channel bandwidth is less than 8.3MHz. Thus, our model only suits for less number of users.●Considering the mountains environment is complex, in our model, we only consider one mountaineffecting the transmission of radio spectrum.References[1] Yao Dongping, Huang Qing and Zhao Hongli, Digital Microwave Communication, Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University Press, 2004.7.[2] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Prentice Hall PTR,2006.7[3] DeWitt H.Scott, Michael Krigline, Successful Writing for the Real World, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2009.2[4] /wiki/Repeater, 2011.2.12[5] /wiki/CTCSS, 2011.2.12[6] /view/2074265.htm,2012.2.14。

2011年数学建模B题答案

2011年数学建模B题答案

load B1.txt %巡警站点号、横坐标、纵坐标(前三列)load B2.txt %起始点,末端位置号(两列)hzb=B1(:,2);%横坐标zzb=B1(:,3);%纵坐标start=B2(:,1);%起始位置fina=B2(:,2);%末端位置n=length(hzb);%坐标个数m=length(start);%起始点个数:含重复a=ones(n,n);%n阶矩阵b=10000.*a;%b为矩阵a的值乘上10000for i=1:m %每个始点出去x=start(i);y=fina(i);if y<=92s=((hzb(x)-hzb(y))^2+(zzb(x)-zzb(y))^2)^0.5;b(x,y)=s;b(y,x)=s;%双向图距离endendpath=zeros(n,20);%终点前一个路劲节点distance=b(:,1:20);%二十个站到其他点的最短距离u=0;mindis=10000;%最短距离初始为10000flag=1;s=zeros(n,1);for i=1:20s=0.*s;%每次清零flag=1;%bool型标量for j=1:nif distance(j,i)<10000path(j,i)=i;%若满足,就往下走endends(i)=1;for j=1:n% if flag==1mindis=10000;for k=1:nif s(k)==0 & distance(k,i)<mindisu=k;mindis=distance(k,i);%选择最小的赋给mindisendend% if mindis>30% flag=0;% ends(u)=1;for k=1:nif s(k)==0 & b(u,k)<10000 & distance(u,i)+b(u,k)<distance(k,i)distance(k,i)=distance(u,i)+b(u,k);path(k,i)=u; %选择最短路径endend% endendendfor i=1:20for j=1:nifdistance(j,i)<10000&fprintf(' %d %d %f,%d\n',i,j,distance(j,i),path(j,i));% fprintf('%d %d %f %d\n',i,j,distance(j,i),path(j,i));%fprintf('%f\n',distance(j,i)); %输出路径,始点,终点,及终点前一个结点endendend数学建模文章格式模版题目:明确题目意思一、摘要:500个字左右,包括模型的主要特点、建模方法和主要结果二、关键字:3-5个三.问题重述。

2011年数学建模竞赛B题参考答案(只做了一半)

2011年数学建模竞赛B题参考答案(只做了一半)

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛题目(请先阅读“全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范”)A题城市表层土壤重金属污染分析随着城市经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加,人类活动对城市环境质量的影响日显突出。

对城市土壤地质环境异常的查证,以及如何应用查证获得的海量数据资料开展城市环境质量评价,研究人类活动影响下城市地质环境的演变模式,日益成为人们关注的焦点。

按照功能划分,城区一般可分为生活区、工业区、山区、主干道路区及公园绿地区等,分别记为1类区、2类区、……、5类区,不同的区域环境受人类活动影响的程度不同。

现对某城市城区土壤地质环境进行调查。

为此,将所考察的城区划分为间距1公里左右的网格子区域,按照每平方公里1个采样点对表层土(0~10 厘米深度)进行取样、编号,并用GPS记录采样点的位置。

应用专门仪器测试分析,获得了每个样本所含的多种化学元素的浓度数据。

另一方面,按照2公里的间距在那些远离人群及工业活动的自然区取样,将其作为该城区表层土壤中元素的背景值。

附件1列出了采样点的位置、海拔高度及其所属功能区等信息,附件2列出了8种主要重金属元素在采样点处的浓度,附件3列出了8种主要重金属元素的背景值。

现要求你们通过数学建模来完成以下任务:(1) 给出8种主要重金属元素在该城区的空间分布,并分析该城区内不同区域重金属的污染程度。

(2) 通过数据分析,说明重金属污染的主要原因。

(3) 分析重金属污染物的传播特征,由此建立模型,确定污染源的位置。

(4) 分析你所建立模型的优缺点,为更好地研究城市地质环境的演变模式,还应收集什么信息?有了这些信息,如何建立模型解决问题?题目A题城市表层土壤重金属污染分析摘要:本文研究的是某城区警车配置及巡逻方案的制定问题,建立了求解警车巡逻方案的模型,并在满足D1的条件下给出了巡逻效果最好的方案。

在设计整个区域配置最少巡逻车辆时,本文设计了算法1:先将道路离散化成近似均匀分布的节点,相邻两个节点之间的距离约等于一分钟巡逻路程。

2011全国大学生数学建模B

2011全国大学生数学建模B

sij 1 sij 0 s.t. sij 1 jJ s 1 ij iI
(cij 3km) (cij 3km) (i 1 92) ( j 1 20)
s
ij
路口由一个服务台管辖: sij 1(i I )
jJ
sij 1( j J ) 服务台管辖路口数至少为1: iI
问题一( 2 )的思路分析与模型建立
问题一( 2 ) 问题的数学表达:
min f 2 max cij x ij
1i 20 1 j 13
1 ,服务台i对要道j进行封锁 xij 0 ,服务台i不对要道j进行封锁
最大时间最小:
20 xij 1, j 1 13 i 1 13 s.t. xij 1, i 1 20 j 1 x 0或1 ij
问题二( 2 )的思路分析与模型建立
问题二( 2 ) 问题的数学表达:
:嫌犯在t+3内行驶的最大区域
M in T s.t. flag Qt 3 , P 1
:嫌犯在t+3内行使最大区域边界点集;
1 可以分配警力,在t时间到达Qt 3中得路口 flag Qt 3 , P 0 无法分配警力,在t时间到达Qt 3中得路口
问题二
问题二:
针对全市(主城六区 A , B , C , D , E , F )的具体情况,按照设置 交巡警服务平台的原则和任务,分析研究该市现有交巡警服务平台 设置方案(参见附件)的合理性,如果有明显不合理,请给出解决 方案;
如果该市地点 P (第 32 个节点)处发生了重大刑事案件,在案发 3 分钟后接到报警,犯罪嫌疑人已驾车逃跑。为了快速搜捕嫌疑犯, 请给出调度全市交巡警服务平台警力资源的最佳围堵方案。

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题(题目改变)参考答案

2011高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题(题目改变)参考答案

交巡警服务平台的设置与调度优化分析摘要本文综合应用了Floyd算法,匈牙利算法,用matlab计算出封锁全市的时间为1.2012小时。

并在下面给出了封锁计划。

为了得出封锁计划,首先根据附件2的数据将全市的道路图转为邻接矩阵,然后根据邻接矩阵采用Floyd算法计算出该城市任意两点间的最短距离。

然后从上述矩阵中找到各个交巡警平台到城市各个出口的最短距离,这个最短距离矩阵即可作为效益矩阵,然后运用匈牙利算法,得出分派矩阵。

根据分派矩阵即可制定出封锁计划:96-151,99-153,177-177,175-202,178-203,323-264,181-317, 325-325,328-328,386-332,322-362,100-387,379-418,483-483, 484-541,485-572。

除此以外,本人建议在编号为175的路口应该设置一个交巡警平台,这样可以大大减少封锁全市的时间,大约可减少50%。

关键词: Floyd算法匈牙利算法 matlab一、问题重述“有困难找警察”,是家喻户晓的一句流行语。

警察肩负着刑事执法、治安管理、交通管理、服务群众四大职能。

为了更有效地贯彻实施这些职能,需要在市区的一些交通要道和重要部位设置交巡警服务平台。

每个交巡警服务平台的职能和警力配备基本相同。

由于警务资源是有限的,如何根据城市的实际情况与需求合理地设置交巡警服务平台、分配各平台的管辖范围、调度警务资源是警务部门面临的一个实际课题。

试就某市设置交巡警服务平台的相关情况,建立数学模型分析研究下面的问题:警车的时速为60km/h, 现有突发事件,需要全市紧急封锁出入口,试求出全市所有的交巡警平台最快的封锁计划,一个出口仅需一个平台的警力即可封锁。

二、模型假设1、假设警察出警时的速度相同且不变均为60/km h 。

2、假设警察出警的地点都是平台处。

3、假设警察接到通知后同时出警,且不考虑路面交通状况。

三、符号说明及一些符号的详细解释A 存储全市图信息的邻接矩阵 D 任意两路口节点间的最短距离矩阵X 01-规划矩阵ij a ,i j 两路口节点标号之间直达的距离 ij d 从i 路口到j 路口的最短距离 ij b 从i 号平台到j 号出口的最短距离ij x 取0或1,1ij x =表示第i 号平台去封锁j 号出口在本文中经常用到,i j ,通常表示路口的编号,但是在ij d ,ij b ,ij x 不再表示这个意思,i 表示第i 个交巡警平台,交巡警平台的标号与附件中给的略有不同,如第21个交巡警平台为附件中的标号为93的交巡警平台,本文的标号是按照程序的数据读取顺序来标注的,在此声明;j 表示第j 个出口,如:第5个出口对应于附件中的路口编号为203的出口。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

2011年全国大学生数学建模B题交巡警服务平台的设置与调度题目警车配置及巡逻问题的研究摘要:本文研究的是某城区警车配置及巡逻方案的制定问题,建立了求解警车巡逻方案的模型,并在满足D1的条件下给出了巡逻效果最好的方案。

在设计整个区域配置最少巡逻车辆时,本文设计了算法1:先将道路离散化成近似均匀分布的节点,相邻两个节点之间的距离约等于一分钟巡逻路程。

由警车的数目m,将全区划分成m个均匀的分区,从每个分区的中心点出发,找到最近的道路节点,作为警车的初始位置,由Floyd算法算出每辆警车3分钟或2分钟行驶路程范围内的节点。

考虑区域调整的概率大小和方向不同会影响调整结果,本文利用模拟退火算法构造出迁移几率函数,用迁移方向函数决定分区的调整方向。

计算能满足D1的最小车辆数,即为该区应该配置的最小警车数目,用MATLAB计算,得到局部最优解为13辆。

在选取巡逻显著性指标时,本文考虑了两个方面的指标:一是全面性,即所有警车走过的街道节点数占总街道节点数的比例,用两者之比来评价;二是均匀性,即所有警车经过每个节点数的次数偏离平均经过次数的程度,用方差值来大小评价。

问题三:为简化问题,假设所有警车在同一时刻,大致向同一方向巡逻,运动状态分为四种:向左,向右,向上,向下,记录每个时刻,警车经过的节点和能够赶去处理事故的点,最后汇总计算得相应的评价指标。

在考虑巡逻规律隐蔽性要求时,文本将巡逻路线进行随机处理,方向是不确定的,采用算法2进行计算,得出相应巡逻显著指标,当车辆数减少到10辆或巡逻速度变大时,用算法2计算巡逻方案和对应的参数,结果见附录所示。

本文最后还考虑到4个额外因素,给出每个影响因素的解决方案。

关键词:模拟退火算法;Floyd算法;离散化一问题的重述110警车在街道上巡逻,既能够对违法犯罪分子起到震慑作用,降低犯罪率,又能够增加市民的安全感,同时也加快了接处警时间,提高了反应时效,为社会和谐提供了有力的保障。

现给出某城市内一区域,其道路数据和地图数据已知,该区域内三个重点部位的坐标分别为:(5112,4806),(9126, 4266),(7434 ,1332)。

该区域内共有307个道路交叉口,为简化问题,相邻两个交叉路口之间的道路近似认为是直线,且所有事发现场均在下图的道路上。

该市拟增加一批配备有GPS卫星定位系统及先进通讯设备的110警车。

设110警车的平均巡逻速度为20km/h,接警后的平均行驶速度为40km/h。

警车配置及巡逻方案要尽量满足以下要求:D1. 警车在接警后三分钟内赶到现场的比例不低于90%;而赶到重点部位的时间必须在两分钟之内。

D2. 使巡逻效果更显著;D3. 警车巡逻规律应有一定的隐蔽性。

现在我们需要解决以下几个问题:一. 若要求满足D1,该区最少需要配置多少辆警车巡逻?二. 请给出评价巡逻效果显著程度的有关指标。

三.请给出满足D1且尽量满足D2条件的警车巡逻方案及其评价指标值。

四. 在第三问的基础上,再考虑D3条件,给出你们的警车巡逻方案及其评价指标值。

五.如果该区域仅配置10辆警车,应如何制定巡逻方案,使D1、D2尽量得到满足?六. 若警车接警后的平均行驶速度提高到50km/h,回答问题三。

七. 你们认为还有哪些因素、哪些情况需要考虑?给出你们相应的解决方案。

二问题分析本题为城区道路网络中警车配置及巡逻问题。

在进行警车配置时,首先要考虑警车在接警后在规定时间内赶到现场的比例,在此条件下,以车数最少为目标,建模、求解;在制定巡逻方案时,要考虑巡逻的效果及隐蔽性问题。

问题一只要求满足D1,求最少的警车配置数,可以认为警车是不动的,在三分钟或两分钟内它能到达的区域就是它的覆盖范围。

据此,在满足所有街道的覆盖率不低于90%的条件下,寻找最优解。

问题二要评价巡逻效果,有两个方面需要考虑:一是巡逻的全面性,即经过一段时间后警车走过的街道数占总街道数的比例;二是巡逻的不均匀性,即经过一段时间后警车经过每一条街道的次数相差不大,用方差来衡量。

问题三是在满足D1的条件上尽量满足问题二所给的指标,并给出评价方案的指标。

首先找到一组满足D1的各警车位置,然后在和各警车位置相连的点中随机寻找一个点,判断新的点是否满足D1,如果满足则警车行驶到该点,否则重新寻找,直到满足为止。

一段时间后统计所有车走过的点数及每个点被走过的次数,用问题二给出的两个指标进行评价。

综合两个指标,可判断此路径的好坏,重复这个过程,直到综合评价指标达到一个满意的值为止。

问题四增加了隐蔽性要求,首先给出评价隐蔽性的指标,隐蔽性可用路线的随机性来评价,将它加入到问题三的模型中去进行求解。

问题五限制警车数量为10,要综合考虑D1、D2,先分配这10辆车使道路的覆盖率最高,然后按照问题三的步骤进行求解,其中每一步对D1的判断只需使道路的覆盖率尽量高即可。

问题六同问题三,只需将车速改为50km/h即可。

三模型的假设1.警车都在路上巡逻,巡警去处理案件的时间不考虑;2.所有事发现场都在道路上,案件在道路上任一点是等概率发生的;3.警车初始停靠点是随机的,但尽量让它们分散分布,一辆警车管辖一个分区;4.假定各个划分区域内,较短时间内,最多会发生一个案件;5.假设区域内的每条道路都是双行线,不考虑转弯对结果造成的影响;6.如果重点部位不在道路上的,假设这些重点部位在离它们最近的道路上;7. 图中水域对巡逻方案没有影响。

四符号说明m表示警车数目d表示警车初始停靠点到各道路的最短距离L表示整个区域的总道路长度l表示不能在3分钟内到达的区域的道路的长度k表示非重点部位的警车在3分钟内不能到达现场的比例r表示三分钟内能从接警位置赶到事发现场的最大距离是n表示整个区域总的离散点个数n表示第i区内的节点个数if表示区内调整函数1t表示模拟退火的时间,表征温度值f表示区间调整函数2r表示全面性指标e表示不均匀性指标h表示综合评价指标s表示第i辆车经过每条道路的次数is表示整个区域每条道路经过的平均次数五模型的建立与算法的设计5.1 满足D1时,该区所需要配置的最少警车数目和巡逻方案5.1.1 满足D1条件时,区域最少警车的规律题目要求警车的配置和巡逻方案满足D1要求时,整个区域所需要配置的警车数目最少。

由假设可知警车都在道路上,且所有事发现场也都在道路上,但区域内总的道路长度是个定值的;警车在接警后赶到事发现场有时间限制和概率限制:三分钟内赶到普通区域案发现场的比例不低于90%,而赶到重点部位的时间必须控制在两分钟之内。

由此可知每辆警车的管辖范围不会很大,于是考虑将整个区域分成若干个分区,每辆警车管辖一个分区域。

由上面的分析,求解整个区域的警车数目最少这个问题可转化为求解每一辆警车所能管辖的街道范围尽量的大。

于是我们寻找出使每辆警车管辖的范围尽量大的规律。

为了简化问题,我们不考虑赶到现场的90%的几率的限制,仅对警车能在三分钟内赶到事发现场的情况作定性分析,其分析示意图如图1所示。

警车的初始停靠位置是随机的分布在道路上的任一节点上,我们假设一辆警车停靠在A 点上。

图1 一辆警车管辖范围分析示意图由于警车的平均巡逻速度为20km/h ,接警后的平均行驶速度为40km/h ,由于距离信息比较容易得到,于是我们将时间限制转化为距离限制,这样便于分析和求解。

当警车接警后,在三分钟内能从接警位置赶到事发现场的最大距离是r ,其中km r 240603=⨯=。

如图1所示,我们设警车初始停靠位置在A 点,A 点是道路1,2,3,4的道路交叉口。

我们仅以警车在道路1巡逻为例来进行分析,警车以h km /20的速度在道路1上A 到'A 点之间巡逻,'A 与初始停靠点A 的距离为xkm 。

由于案件有可能在道路上任一点发生,当警车巡逻到A 点时,若案发现场在道路2,3,4上发生时,警车以40km/h 的速度向事发现场行驶,警车能在三分钟内从'A 点赶到现场的最大距离为km x )2(-。

如果警车在道路1上继续向前行驶,则该警车能在三分钟内赶到现场的距离继续缩小,当警车从初始点向A 点行驶但没有达到'A 点时,此时该警车的最大管辖范围比警车到达'A 点时的最大管辖范围大。

为了使警车的管辖范围尽量大,警车的巡逻范围越小越好,当0=x 时,即警车在初始停靠点静止不动时,警车的管辖范围达到最大值km 2。

图1所分析的是特殊的情况,道路1,2,3,4对称分布,现在我们来对一般的情况进行分析,如图2所示。

图2.1 图2.2图2 一辆警车最大管辖范围分析示意图图2.1所示的情况是道路分布不对称,与图1相比,图2.1所示的道路方向和角度都发生了改变,图2.3中的情形更为复杂。

参照对图1的分析方法,我们分析这两种情形下,警车巡逻时能在三分钟内赶到现场的最大距离的规律,我们只分析图2.2的情况,道路1,2,3,4,5相交于点C,同时道路1与道路6也有个道路交叉口D , 由于警车巡逻时是在道路上行驶的,行走的路线是分段直线,并不影响路径的长度,所以当警车巡逻到距离初始停靠点C 点x 远处的D ,此时若有案件发生时,该警车要在三分钟内能赶到现场处理案件,最大行驶距离在km x )2(-之内,如果警车在道路1上继续向前行驶,则该警车能在三分钟内赶到现场的距离继续缩小,当警车没有行驶到D 点时,此时该警车的最大管辖范围比km x )2(-大,为了使警车的管辖范围尽量大,警车的巡逻范围越小越好。

当0=x 时,即警车静止不动时,一辆警车的管辖范围能达到最大值。

以上分析的仅作定性的分析,对于三个重点部位也可以同理分析,所得的结论是一致的,以上的分析没有考虑到90%的到达几率限制,但在设计算法需要充分考虑。

综上所述,当警车静止在初始停靠点时,在三分钟时间限制内,警车能从初始停靠点赶到事发现场的最大距离为km 2。

5.1.2 将道路离散化由于事发现场是等概率地分布在道路上的,由区域地图可以发现,整个区域中的道路长度不均,为了使计算结果更加精确,可将这些道路离散化。

只要选取合适的离散方案,就能使警车在经过道路上的离散的点时就相当于经过了这条道路。

这样,不论是求解警车初始停靠点还求解警车赶到事发现场所经过的道路时,所计算得的的结果显然比仅考虑整条道路的叉路口要精确得多。

区域中共有307个道路交叉口,458条道路。

我们采用线性插值方法对道路进行离散化,以h km /20的速度行走一分钟的距离作为步长,一分钟时间的选择是参照问题三的结果要求来设定的,步长km b 3120601=⨯=。

用线性插值的方法,从道路的一个方向进行线性插值,实现将每条道路离散化的目标,考虑到有些道路不是km 31的整数倍,我们就一般情况进行讨论,其分析示意图如图3所示。

相关文档
最新文档