雅思考试阅读理解提分训练试卷试题包括答案三篇精选.doc

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雅思阅读真题附答案及解析

雅思阅读真题附答案及解析

智课网IELTS备考资料雅思阅读真题附答案及解析摘要:雅思阅读真题附答案及解析,雅思阅读真题附答案及解析是小编整理汇总的最新的雅思阅读真题,在如此紧张的备考环节,大家就应该多看看雅思阅读真题,会大大提高你的效率,更多精彩内容请关注小马科技雅思频道官网。

Passage 1主题:科技类 (新题)题目:英国的酒精燃料题型:填空,判断文章大意:乙醇作为新燃料的提炼过程和与汽油的对比参考答案:1-5 判断题1.因果农民不太可能会为了制造乙醇燃料大种甘蔗 (True)2.在的农名讲扩大生产更多乙醇植物 (True)3.A gallon ethanol have more engineer than a gallon gasoline. (NG)4.在将来美国将会有充足的crop在制造氢气。

(false)5.乙醇的生产者会尽量减少生产过程中使用的能量。

(NG)6-10 填空题distillerligninremainsbioreactorfiber备考建议:科技类文章不太好理解,而且生词会比较多。

建议大家在考前可以多多积累相关题材的词汇。

参考阅读:C542Passage 2题材:历史考古类 (旧题)题目:costal archaeology of Britain题型:单选,判断,多选参考答案:单选:B,C, D判断题:True, False, True, False, NG, True, True多选:BDF备考建议:历史类文章不难理解,且这篇文章的题型都是顺序题型,为我们做题大大降低了难度。

参考阅读:C7T1P1 Let’s go, batsPassage 3:题材:语言类题目:The Origin of Language文章大意:语言的起源,语言与音乐的关系参考阅读:C931 Attitudes to Language以上就是小马过河雅思频道小编为大家汇总的雅思阅读真题附答案及解析,希望同学们能静下心来准备下一轮的考试,加油!成功是属于你们的。

雅思阅读模拟练习题及答案

雅思阅读模拟练习题及答案

【导语】上⼀次的雅思考试已经结束,下⼀次的雅思考试还会远吗?为了帮助⼤家在雅思考试中取得好成绩,下⾯就是为⼤家收集整理的雅思阅读模拟练习题及答案,供⼤家参考。

更多雅思报名的最新消息,最专业的雅思备考资料,请关注。

Birthdays often involve surprises. But this year‘s surprise on the birthdayof the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the mostdramatic. On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, expertsdiscovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare isa fake. This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare lookedlike. "It‘s very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliablebecause many of them are copies of this one," said an expert from Britain’sNational Portrait Gallery. The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultravioletlight, microphotography and paint samples. The experts from the gallery say theimage—commonly known as the “Flower portrait” —was actually painted in the1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeare‘s death. The art experts who workat the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the painton the picture. These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814.Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609. “We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was whenthere was a renewed interest in Shakespeare‘s plays,” Tarnya Cooper, thegallery’s curator(馆长), told the Associated President. The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of hisplays. It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, DesmondFlower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company. “There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells,curator for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can putthe image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture.” Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of theinvestigation(调查) and the results will come out later this month. ______________________________________________________________. 1. Why this year‘s surprise on the birthday of Shakespeare is dramatic? _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Now we know what Shakespeare looked like. (T/F) 3. “Flower portrait” was actually painted using X-rays, ultraviolet light,microphotography and paint samples. (T/F) 4. In history, many people doubted the painting. (T/F) 5.Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the lastparagraph? A.Soon we‘ll know which portrait is reliable. B.Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare. C.If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more. D.For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery.1. The Flower portrait has been found to be a fake.2. F3. F4. T5. D。

雅思考试题目及答案解析

雅思考试题目及答案解析

雅思考试题目及答案解析一、听力部分1. 题目:听以下对话,选择正确的答案。

对话内容:[略]A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D答案:B2. 题目:根据所听短文,填空。

短文内容:[略]空白1:[答案1]空白2:[答案2]...答案:[答案1], [答案2], ...二、阅读部分1. 题目:阅读以下文章,回答问题。

文章 A. 问题1B. 问题2...答案:问题1 - [答案1];问题2 - [答案2];...2. 题目:根据文章内容,判断以下陈述是否正确。

陈述1:[陈述内容]陈述2:[陈述内容]...答案:陈述1 - True;陈述2 - False;...三、写作部分1. 题目:请根据以下图表,写一篇不少于150字的报告。

图表:[图表内容]答案示例:[略]2. 题目:请就以下问题写一篇议论文,不少于250字。

问题:[问题内容]答案示例:[略]四、口语部分1. 题目:请描述你最喜欢的一种食物。

答案示例:[略]2. 题目:请谈谈你对未来职业的期望。

答案示例:[略]答案解析:听力部分:1. 正确答案为B,因为对话中提到了相关信息,支持选项B。

阅读部分:1. 问题1的答案为[答案1],因为文章中明确提到了相关信息。

2. 陈述1为True,因为文章中提供了支持该陈述的证据。

写作部分:1. 报告应包含图表的主要特点和趋势,同时使用适当的词汇和语法结构。

2. 议论文应明确表达个人观点,使用逻辑清晰的论证和例证。

口语部分:1. 描述应包含食物的种类、口味、以及为什么喜欢该食物。

2. 期望应涉及职业选择的原因、目标以及实现目标的计划。

雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析

雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析

雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1:阅读以下段落,回答问题1-5。

1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2:阅读以下段落,回答问题6-10。

雅思模拟考试题及答案

雅思模拟考试题及答案

雅思模拟考试题及答案一、听力部分1. 根据所听对话,选择正确的答案。

A. 火车将在10分钟后到达。

B. 火车已经晚点了20分钟。

C. 火车将在30分钟后出发。

答案:B2. 根据所听对话,选择正确的答案。

A. 男士建议女士去看医生。

B. 女士建议男士去看医生。

C. 两人都同意去看医生。

答案:A二、阅读部分Passage 1阅读以下短文,并回答以下问题。

The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century, when it was first invented as a means of transportation. Over the years, the bicycle has evolved from a simple wooden frame to a complex machine with gears and brakes.3. 根据短文,自行车的历史可以追溯到哪个世纪?A. 18th centuryB. 19th centuryC. 20th century答案:B4. 短文中提到自行车最初是由什么制成的?A. 金属B. 木头C. 塑料答案:BPassage 2阅读以下短文,并回答以下问题。

Many people believe that the internet has changed the way we communicate. With the advent of social media, people can now share their thoughts and experiences with others instantly.5. 根据短文,互联网改变了什么?A. 我们的工作方式B. 我们的沟通方式C. 我们的学习方式答案:B6. 短文中提到的社交媒体允许人们做什么?A. 立即分享他们的想法和经历B. 与朋友面对面交流C. 通过邮件发送信息答案:A三、写作部分Task 1根据所给图表,描述以下趋势。

雅思阅读实战训练题及答案

雅思阅读实战训练题及答案

雅思阅读实战训练题及答案一、阅读理解练习题练习题1阅读以下段落,回答问题。

段落:In recent years, the concept of mindfulness has gained increasing attention in Western society. Originating from Buddhist teachings, mindfulness emphasizes the importance of living in the present moment and being fully aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and surrounding environment. This practice has been shown to have numerous benefits, including reduced stress, improved concentration, and enhanced emotional well-being.问题:1. What is the main idea of the paragraph?2. What are the benefits of mindfulness according to the paragraph?练习题2阅读以下段落,回答问题。

问题:1. What is the main cause of climate change according to the paragraph?2. What are the consequences of climate change according to the paragraph?练习题3阅读以下段落,回答问题。

问题:1. What is the main advantage of online learning according to the paragraph?2. Who is online learning particularly suitable for according to the paragraph?二、答案解析练习题1答案解析1. The main idea of the paragraph is to introduce the concept of mindfulness and its increasing popularity in Western society.2. The benefits of mindfulness according to the paragraph are reduced stress, improved concentration, and enhanced emotional well-being.练习题2答案解析1. The main cause of climate change according to the paragraph is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which is primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.练习题3答案解析1. The main advantage of online learning according to the paragraph is its flexibility, as it allows learners to study at their own pace and from anywhere with an internet connection.2. Online learning is particularly suitable for working professionals who seek to enhance their skills and knowledge, as it offers flexibility and a diverse range of resources.。

雅思阅读题

雅思阅读题

第二部分雅思考试八大题型之标题对应题DAY1标题对应属于雅思阅读中非常特殊的一种题型,它是典型的主旨考查题,不同于雅思阅读中的其他细节考查题型。

一段话的标题(heading)往往就是这段话的主旨,或者说这段话的中心思想。

而要确定段落的中心思想,就不能从某个细节入手,而应考虑整个段落的结构和框架,这样才能得出正确的答案。

这种题型对学生的词汇量、语感和整体把握的能力要求较高,所以要求我们在做这种题目的时候要注意整体把握,而不是只抠细节。

1. 先将例子所在的选项从选项列表中划掉。

注意:虽然Heading题的选项肯定比题目个数多,但是选项是一定不会重复使用的。

原因很简单,每段话都有一个不同的主旨,只对应一个标题;如果重复,那就意味着两个不同的段落主旨相同,这是不可能的,因为若主旨相同肯定会合成一段而非分成两段。

所以,若题目中出现了这样的提示:You may use any heading more than once, 根本不用管,这是个陷阱。

2. 对于Heading题,我们要先读文章,再看选项,读一段话,做一道题。

注意:这种题目不宜先看选项,因为这是一种主旨归纳题而不是细节考查题,最怕先入为主,选项中有很多干扰项,看了之后会影响大家客观地理解段落真正的主旨。

3. 读每段话时,要抓住该段的主题句或中心词。

正确答案往往是主题句的改写或包含相应段落的中心词。

4. 某段话的答案确定后,将它的选项从选项列表中划去。

5. 这种题目中的干扰项往往是段落中未展开说明的细节,有时候我们可以适当使用排除法,以缩小选择范围。

备注:1)所有的标题只会用一次;2)问句一般不会是主题句(起过渡作用);3)举例子的句子不会是主题句;4)若遇到某个段落的标题不能确定时,务必先做其他段落,以免造成“连锁错误”,即错一个往往就意味着错两个。

You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-6.Please choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs listed below.NB: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. You may use any heading more than once.1. Paragraph A:2. Paragraph B:3. Paragraph C:4. Paragraph D:5. Paragraph E:6. Paragraph F:Mass TransitA Mass transit refers to municipal or regional public shared transportation, such as buses, streetcars and ferries, open to all on a nonreserved basis. An important form of mass transit is rapid transit, such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for commuting between urban and suburban (or exurban) centers. Mass transit can be divided into fixed route systems (often involving rails), such as streetcars and subway trains, and non-fixed route transit (along surface streets or water), such as buses and ferries, but does not usually include airplanes, taxis, or long-distance rail with more formal ticketing procedures.B Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labor, materials and energy over private transit systems. Since far fewer operators are required for per passenger transported, they can be better trained and more strictly licensed and supervised. When utilized to any reasonable fraction of their capacity, mass transit vehicles carry a far higher passenger load per unit of weight and volume than do private vehicles. They also offer fuel savings, not only because of the relative reduction in weight transported, but also because they are large enough to carry more efficient engines. Further, if emphasis is given to mass transit in the planning of future ground transportation systems, smaller rights of way will be possible, lessening the amount of landscape that must be paved over for highways and roads. Although mass transit offers many savings, it does require some sacrifices in personal convenience. There is the necessity to travel on a fixed rather than an individually selected schedule and to enter and disembark from the system only at certain designated locations. The obvious goal for a mass transit system is to have as few unused passenger accommodation as possible.C The history of mass transportation is intimately connected to industrialization, urbanization, and the separation of residence from workplace. By the beginning of the 20th century, London, New York, Boston, Paris, Budapest, and other major cities had fixed rail subway systems (sometimes elevated); by the 1920s buses were common. In the United States, patronage of mass transit grew steadily from 1990 (six billion passengers per year) to 1927 (over 17 billion), but plummeted during the GreatDepression. Patronage grew again during World War II, peaking in 1946 at 23 billion riders, but then dropped steadily every year until the mild renaissance of public transit in the early 1970s.D The total number of riders in 1970 was less than that of 1910. The reasons for these declines are complex and often political. Los Angeles, for example, had over 1,000 miles of trolley and interurban lines before 1930; this system was taken over by a private company, dismantled, and replaced with noisy, polluting and comparatively slow buses. Since few people chose to ride them, costs rose, thereby cutting the number of passengers further. To reduce costs, private companies eliminated outlying branches and smaller stations. These trends, along with inexpensive gasoline, suburban and highway development, the deterioration of older subway lines, and the greater freedom cars offered, helped turn the United States into a car culture.E However, as the public has grown increasingly concerned over the impact of cars on the environment and the quality of life in urban areas, there is growing support for the development of more efficient and comfortable mass transit systems. Models for such systems were developed in Europe and Japan. Trains in the Paris Metro, for example, operate on rubber tires and can reach speeds of 48 mph (77km/h). Smaller cities are watching developments in Edmonton, Canada, which built a km rapid transit system of lightweight trains at a cost of $ 65 million instead of adding five new freeways at ten times the cost.F In the United States, efforts to upgrade mass transit systems have experienced mixed results. The trend has been away from private ownership; by 1999 over 90% of North American mass transit was publicly owned and managed. The BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) system serving San Francisco and neighboring cities maintained service during the 1989 earthquake, but it has never attracted the number of riders originally anticipate d. Washington .’s Metro system (144 million riders in 1988) included a wider area of service and more efficient schedules. Currently buses account for 60% of mass transit riders in the Untied States; innovations such as articulatedbuses and reserved lanes on highways are balanced by the problems of noise, air pollution and traffic. The issue of mass transit has come full circle; it is once again a central social and political issue.★答案与解析1.答案为x。

雅思阅读模拟题及答案

雅思阅读模拟题及答案

雅思阅读模拟题及答案Reading Passage 1NetworkingNetworking as a concept has acquired what is in all truth an unjustified air of modernity. It is considered in the corporate world as an essential tool for the modern businessperson, as they trot round the globe drumming up business for themselves or a corporation. The concept is worn like a badge of distinction, and not just in the business world.People can be divided basically into those who keep knowledge and their personal contacts to themselves, and those who are prepared to share what they know and indeed their friends with others. A person who is insecure, for example someone who finds it difficult to share information with others and who is unable to bring people, including friends, together does not make a good networker. The classic networker is someone who is strong enough within themselves to connect different people including close friends with each other. For example, a businessman or an academic may meet someone who is likely to be a valuable contact in the future, but at the moment that person may benefit from meeting another associate or friend.It takes quite a secure person to bring these people together and allow a relationship to develop independently of himself. From the non-networker's point of view such a development may be intolerable, especially if it is happening outside their control. The unfortunate thing here is that the initiator of the contact, if he did but know it, would be the one to benefit most. And why?Because all things being equal, people move within circles and that person has the potential of being sucked into ever growing spheres of new contacts. It is said that, if you know eight people, you are in touch with everyone in the world. It does not take much common sense to realize the potential for any kind of venture as one is able to draw on the experience of more and more people.Unfortunately, making new contacts, business or otherwise, while it brings success, does cause problems. It enlarges the individual's world. This is in truth not altogether a bad thing, but it puts more pressure on the networker through his having to maintain an ever larger circle of people. The most convenient way out is, perhaps, to cull old contacts, but this would be anathema to our networker as it would defeat the whole purpose of networking. Another problem is the reaction of friends and associates. Spreading oneself thinly gives one less time for others who were perhaps closer to one in the past. In the workplace, this can cause tension with jealous colleagues, and even with superiors who might be tempted to rein in a more successful inferior.Jealousy and envy can prove to be very detrimental if one is faced with a very insecure manager, as this person may seek to stifle someone's career or even block it completely.The answer here is to let one's superiors share in the glory; to throw them a few crumbs of comfort. It is called leadership from the bottom. In the present business climate, companies and enterprises need to co-operate with each other in order to expand. As globalization grows apace, companies need to be able to span not just countries but continents. Whilst people may rail against this development it is for the moment here to stay. Without co-operation and contacts, specialist companies will not survive for long. Computer components, for example, need to be compatible with the various machines on the market and to achieve this, firms need to work in conjunction with others. No business or institution can afford to be an island in today's environment. In the not very distant past, it was possible for companies to go it alone, but it is now more difficult to do so.The same applies in the academic world, where ideas have been jealously guarded. The opening-up of universities and colleges to the outside world in recent years has been of enormous benefit to industry and educational institutions. The stereotypical academic is one who moves in a rarefied atmosphere living a life of sometimes splendid isolation, a prisoner of their own genius. This sort of person does not fit easily into the mould of the modern networker. Yet even this insular world is changing. The ivory towers are being left ever more frequently as educational experts forge links with other bodies; sometimes to stunning effect as in Silicon Valley in America and around Cambridge in England, which now has one of the most concentrated clusters of high tech companies in Europe.It is the networkers, the wheeler-dealers, the movers and shakers, call them what you will, that carry the world along. The world of the Neanderthals was shaken between 35,000 and 40,000 BC; they were superseded by Homo Sapiens with the very 'networking' skills that separate us from other animals: understanding, thought abstraction and culture, which are inextricably linked to planning survival and productivity in humans. It is said the meek will inherit the earth. But will they?Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if there is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this Example AnswerNetworking is a concept Yes1 Networking is not a modern idea.2 Networking is worn like a badge exclusively in the business world.3 People fall into two basic categories.4 A person who shares knowledge and friends makes a better networker than one who does not.5 The classic networker is physically strong and generally in good health.Questions 6-10Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.6 Making new acquaintances ........................................ but also has its disadvantages.7 At work, problems can be caused if the manager is ........................................ .8 A manager can suppress, or even totally ........................................ the career of an employee.9 In business today, working together is necessary in order for........................................ to grow.10 Businesses that specialize will not last for long without ........................................ . Questions 11-15Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.11 In which sphere of life have ideas been protected jealously?12 Which type of individual does not easily become a modern networker?13 Where is one of the greatest concentrations of high tech companies in Europe?14 Who replaced the Neanderthals?15 What, as well as understanding and thought abstraction, sets us apart from otheranimals?Reading Passage 2A SILENT FORCEAThere is a legend that St Augustine in the fourth century AD was the first individual to be seen reading silently rather than aloud, or semi-aloud, as had been the practice hitherto. Reading has come a long way since Augustine's day. There was a time when it was a menial job of scribes and priests, not the mark of civilization it became in Europe during the Renaissance when it was seen as one of the attributes of the civilized individual.BModern nations are now seriously affected by their levels of literacy. While the Western world has seen a noticeable decline in these areas, other less developed countries have advanced and, in some cases, overtaken the West. India, for example, now has a large pool of educated workers. So European countries can no longer rest on their laurels as they have done for far too long; otherwise, they are in danger of falling even further behind economically.CIt is difficult in the modern world to do anything other than a basic job without being able to read. Reading as a skill is the keyto an educated workforce, which in turn is the bedrock of economic advancement, particularly in the present technological age. Studies have shown that by increasing the literacy and numeracy skills of primary school children in the UK, the benefit to the economy generally is in billions of pounds. The skill of reading is now no more just an intellectual or leisure activity, but rather a fully-fledged economic force. DPart of the problem with reading is that it is a skill which is not appreciated in most developed societies. This is an attitude that has condemned large swathes of the population in most Western nations to illiteracy. It might surprise people in countries outside the West to learn that in the United Kingdom, and indeed in some other European countries, the literacy rate has fallen to below that of so-called less developed countries.EThere are also forces conspiring against reading in our modern society. It is not seen as cool among a younger generation more at home with computer screens or a Walkman. The solitude of reading is not very appealing. Students at school, college or university who read a lot are called bookworms. The term indicates the contempt in which reading and learning are held in certain circles or subcultures. It is a criticism, like all such attacks, driven by the insecurity ofthose who are not literate or are semi-literate. Criticism is also a means, like all bullying, of keeping peers in place so that they do not step out of line. Peer pressure among young people is so powerful that it often kills any attempts to change attitudes to habits like reading.FBut the negative connotations apart, is modern Western society standing Canute-like against an uncontrollable spiral of decline? I think not.GHow should people be encouraged to read more? It can easily be done by increasing basic reading skills at an early age and encouraging young people to borrow books from schools. Some schools have classroom libraries as well as school libraries. It is no good waiting until pupils are in their secondary school to encourage an interest in books; it needs to be pushed at an early age. Reading comics, magazines and low brow publications like Mills and Boon is frowned upon. But surely what people, whether they be adults or children, read is of little import. What is significant is the fact that they are reading. Someone who reads a comic today may have the courage to pick up a more substantial tome later on.HBut perhaps the best idea would be to stop the negative attitudes to reading from forming in the first place. Taking children to local libraries brings them into contact with an environment where they can become relaxed among books. If primary school children were also taken in groups into bookshops, this might also entice them to want their own books. A local bookshop, like some local libraries, could perhaps arrange book readings for children which, being away from the classroom, would make the reading activity more of an adventure. On a more general note, most countries have writers of national importance. By increasing the standing of national writers in the eyes of the public, through local and national writing competitions, people would be drawn more to the printed word. Catch them young and, perhaps, they just might then all become bookworms.Questions 16-22Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-xii) in boxes 16-22 on your answer sheet. One of the headings has been done for you as an example. Any heading may be used more than once.Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.YES if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if there is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this Example AnswerAccording to legend, St Augustine was theYesfirst person to be seen reading silently.23European countries have been satisfied with past achievements for too long and have allowed other countries to overtake them in certain areas. 24Reading is an economic force.25The literacy rate in less developed nations is considerably higher than in all European countries.26If you encourage children to read when they are young the negative attitude to reading that grows in some subcultures will be eliminated.27People should be discouraged from reading comics and magazines.Reading Passage 3Variations on a theme: the sonnet formin English poetryAThe form of lyric poetry known as ‘the sonnet’, or ‘little song’, was introduced into the English poetic corpus by Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder and his contemporary Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, during the first half of the sixteenth century. It originated, however, in Italy three centuries earlier, with the earliest examples known being those of Giacomo da Lentini, ‘The Notary’ in the Sicilian court of the Emperor Frederick II, dating from the third decade of the thirteenth century. The Sicilian sonneteers are relatively obscure, but the form was taken up by the two most famous poets of the Italian Renaissance, Dante and Petrarch, and indeed the latter is regarded as the master of the form.BThe Petrarchan sonnet form, the first to be introduced into English poetry, is a complex poetic structure. It comprises fourteen lines written in a rhyming metrical pattern of iambic pentameter, that is to say ea ch line is ten syllables long, divided into five ‘feet’ or pairs of syllables (hence ‘pentameter’), with a stress pattern where the first syllable of each foot is unstressed and the second stressed (an iambic foot). This can be seen if we look at the first line of one of Wordsworth’s sonnets, ‘After- Thought’:‘I thought of thee my partner and my guide’. If we break down this line into its constituent syllabic parts, we can see the five feet and the stress pattern (in this example each stressed syllable is underlined), thus: ‘I thought/ of thee/ my part/ner and/ my guide’.CThe rhyme scheme for the Petrarchan sonnet is equally as rigid. The poem is generally divided into two parts, the octave (8 lines) and the sestet (6 lines), which is demonstrated through rhyme rather than an actual space between each section. The octave is usually rhymed abbaabba with the first, fourth, fifth and eighth lines rhyming with each other, and the second, third, sixth and seventh also rhyming. The sestet is more varied: it can follow the patterns cdecde, cdccdc,or cdedce. Perhaps the best interpretation of this division in the Petrarchan sonnet is by Charles Gayley, who wrote: ‘The octave bears the burden; a doubt, a problem, a reflection, a query, an historical statement, a cry of indignation or desire, a vision of the ideal. The sestet eases the load, resolves the problem or doubt, answers the query or doubt, solaces the yearning, realizes the vision’. Thus, we can see that the rhyme scheme demonstrates a twofold division in the poem, providing a structure for development of themes and ideas.DEarly on, however, English poets began to vary and experiment with this structure. Thefirst major development was made by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, altogether an indifferent poet, but was taken up and perfected by William Shakespeare, and is named after him. The Shakespearean sonnet also has fourteen lines in iambic pentameter, but rather than the division into octave and sestet, the poem is divided into four parts: three quatrains and a final rhyming couplet. Each quatrain has its own internal rhyme scheme, thus a typical Shakespearean sonnet would rhyme abab cdcd efef gg. Such a structure naturally allows greater flexibility for the author and it would be hard, if not impossible, to enumerate the different ways in which it has been employed, by Shakespeare and others. For example, an idea might be introduced in the first quatrain, complicated in the second, further complicated in the third, and resolved in the final couplet -indeed, the couplet is almost always used as a resolution to the poem, though often in a surprising way.EThese, then, are the two standard forms of the sonnet in English poetry, but it should be recognized that poets rarely follow rules precisely and a number of other sonnet types have been developed, playing with the structural elements. Edmund Spenser, for example, more famous for his verse epic ‘The Faerie Queene’, invented a variation on the Shakespearean form by interlocking the rhyme schemes between the quatrains, thus: abab bcbc cdcd ee, while in the twentieth century Rupert Brooke reversed his sonnet, beginning with the couplet. John Milton, the seventeenth-century poet, was unsatisfied with the fourteen-line format and wrote a number of ‘Caudate’ sonnets,or sonnets with the regular fourteen lines (on the Petrarchan model) with a ‘coda’ or ‘tail’ of a further six lines. A similar notion informs George Meredith’s sonnet sequence ‘Modern Love’, where most sonnets in the cycle have sixteen lines.FPerhaps the most radical of innovators, however, has been Gerard Manley Hopkins, who developed what he called the‘Curtal’ sonnet. This form varies the length of the poem, reducing it in effect to eleven and a half lines, the rhyme scheme and the number of feet per line. Modulating the Petrarchan form, instead of two quatrains in the octave, he has two tercets rhyming abc abc, and in place of the sestet he has four and a half lines, with a rhyme scheme dcbdc. As if this is not enough, the tercets are no longer in iambic pentameter, but have six stresses instead of five, as does the final quatrain, with the exception of the last line, which has three. Many critics, however, are sceptical as to whether such a major variation can indeed be classified as a sonnet, but as verse forms and structures become freer, and poets less satisfied with convention, it is likely that even more experimental forms will out.Questions 28-32Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-xiii) in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet. One of the headings has been done for you as an example. Any heading may be used more than once.Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.Questions 33-37Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.33Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder and Henry Howard were.........................................34It was in the third decade of the thirteenth century that the........................................ was introduced.35Among poets of the Italian Renaissance........................................was considered to be the better sonneteer.36The Petrarchan sonnet form consists of.........................................37In comparison with the octave, the rhyming scheme of the sestet is........................................varied.Questions 38-40Choose the correct letters A-D and write them in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 According to Charles Gayley,A the octave is longer than the sestet.B the octave develops themes and ideas.C the sestet provides answers and solutions.D the sestet demonstrates a twofold division.39 The Shakespearean sonnet isA an indifferent development.B more developed than the Petrarchan sonnet.C more flexible than the Petrarchan sonnet.D enumerated in different ways.40 According to the passage, whose sonnet types are similar?A Spenser and BrookeB Brooke and MiltonC Hopkins and SpenserD Milton and Meredith。

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2019年雅思考试阅读理解提分训练试题及答案(三篇)To begin with,"muzak"(音乐广播网)was intended simply to create a soothing( 安慰 )atmosphere.Recently,however,it'sbecome big business —thanks in part to recentresearch.Dr.Ronald Milliman,an American marketing expert,hasshown that music can boost sales or increase factory productionby as much as a third.But,it has to be light music.A fast one has no effect at all on sales.Slow music can increase receipts by 38%.This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spotitems they like to buy.Yet,slow music isn't alwaysliman found,for example,that in restaurants slowmusic meant customers took longer to eat their meals,whichreduced overall sales.So restaurants owners might be welladvised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers moving — unless of course,the resulting indigestion leads to complaints!练习 1.The reason why background music is so popular isthat ______.A.it can have a powerful effect on those who hear itB.it can help to create a soothing atmosphereC.it can boost sales or increase factory productioneverywhereD.it can make customers eat their meals quickly2.Background music means ________.A.light music that customers enjoy mostB.fast music that makes people move fastC.slow music that can make customers enjoy their mealsD.the music you are listening to while you are doingsomething3.Restaurant owners complain about background music because ______.A.it results in indigestionB.it increases their salesC.it keeps customers movingD.it decreases their sales4.The word"up-tempo music"probably means_____.A.slow musicB.fast musicC.light musicD.classical music注释: 1.spread to 传到,波及,蔓延到2.to begin with首先;第一点(理由)To begin with,we must consider the faculties of thestaff all-sidedly.首先,我们必须全面地考虑全体员工的素质。

3.intend vt.想要,打算,意指,意谓4.boost增进;改善We need to boost our spirits.我们需要鼓舞士气。

5.have to be[美,口]肯定是,毫无疑问是6.receipt 收据 ; 收条 When you have paid for sth,a receipt is given to you. 当你付了某个东西的钱时,就给了你收据。

接受 ; 收到(pl) 收入 ; 收益higher receipts 高收入7.slow down v.( 使) 慢下来答案: 1 B 2 D 3 D 4 B2017 年雅思考试阅读理解提分训练试题及答案 2In the earliest stages of man's development he had nomore need of money than animals have.He was content with very simple forms of shelter,made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and hisfamily from natural materials around him.As he becamemore civilized,however,he began to want better shelter,more efficient tools and weapons,and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands.For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths,leather workers or carpenters.It was then that the question of payment arose.At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange.The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough.But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market,exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory.Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of woodor leather,or iron,but had nothing to offer in exchangeuntil their finished goods were ready.Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money.In some countries easily handled thingslike seeds or shells were given a certain value and thefarmer,instead of paying the smith for a new axe by givinghim some meat or grain,gave him so many shells.If the smithhad any shells left when he had bought his food,he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade.In some countriesquite large things such as cows or camels or even big flatstones were used for ter,pieces of metal,bearingvalues according to the rarity of the metal and the size ofthe pieces,or coins were used.Money as we know it had arrived.1.Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.A man became more civilizedB smiths began to look after land or cattle intheir spare timeC more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the markerD farmers hadn't enough grain or meat to providefor skilled workers2.Money was not used until _______.A paper was inventedB people practiced a simple process of exchangeC nothing could be offered in exchangeD the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated3.The best title for this passage is _____.A What is moneyB What are money's functions.C The importance of moneyD The beginning of money注释:1.stage阶段;时期at an early stage in our history在我们的历史早期( 前面与 the 连用 ) 演员生涯 ; 剧院工作 ; 戏剧工作行程,旅程to travel by easy stages 从容旅行2.content n. 内容,容量,目录,满足adj. 满足的,满意的,愿意vt. 使满足We should never content ourselves with a little bookknowledge only. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。

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