首字母填空及任务型阅读解题策略指导
中考英语完形填空、任务型阅读、首字母填空复习案

2013届中考英语专题复习:短文解题方法点讲解和训练一、中考英语完形填空一、完形填空解题技巧:1。
总体把握要通读完形填空的短文,跳过空格快速阅读,了解全篇的主要内容.切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2。
弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种:论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。
中考选文以叙事性文章为主,如:幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等.读这类文章,要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。
3。
重视主题句完形填空短文不给标题,但短文的主题句,往往在每段文章的首句,有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。
主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等,这是深入了解全文的“窗口”,以此为立足点,从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
4。
语境联想利用上下文的提示,用学过的知识和已有的生活经验,扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
二、完形填空解题时的问题:1是不善于把握语篇主旨大意,对篇章整体的推断无法驾驭,出现偏差,理解方面甚至于文章的主题相悖。
2是容易受思维定势的干扰,分析语篇不透彻,忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。
3是对完形填空试题怀有厌恶、恐惧心理,做题时处于被动的应付状态.4有的学生试图“一步到位”,未通览全文就边读边填。
空格逐个地填,思路局限于孤独的词组和句子,结果是就句论句,理解偏离文章主题,无法形成连贯的思路,事倍功半。
5对特定的语境不作深入理解,一看到熟悉的语法结构便不假思索,立即选定答案,导致“定势思维”错误。
6是学生碰到难题,思考良久,还是不能解决问题,浪费了宝贵的时间.三、完形填空考查内容类型:1、词汇:考查的内容有近义词的区别、名词和代词、形容词和副词、介词和连词、动词和动词短语及词组的固定搭配和习惯用法。
2、语法:考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。
其中包括名词的单复数、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词的用法等。
3、句型:考查学生在学习过程中接触到的许多特殊句型。
英语首字母填空的技巧和方法

英语首字母填空的技巧和方法
学习英语的学生都知道,首字母填空是英语考试的一种常见形式。
它的目的是考察学生的词汇、语法知识和推理能力。
下面我们就针对高中学生来介绍首字母填空的技巧和方法。
第一,要了解所有填空单词的大致意思。
这样不但能帮助你迅速地掌握填空空格,而且还能帮助你理解句子中的主旨内容。
在阅读完整段落之后,把每一个空格里要填的单词抽出来,然后针对每一个单词简单的查阅一下“词典”,把它的大概意思搞清楚。
第二,找出填空句子的关键词,识别语境。
在做题的时候,我们首先要确定每一个填空空格的语法类别,然后找出句子中的关键词,找出每个填空处附近的词,利用这些词来帮助推理出正确答案。
第三,不要过早做出答案,多看几遍句子。
首字母填空的考题难度比较大,所以我们在做的时候一定要注意,不要过早的做出答案。
往往我们在第一次看句子的时候,只看到了几个关键词,然后就根据我们的经验和猜测自己给出答案,但是其实这样做可能会致使漏掉句子里的一些信息,所以我们在做的时候要多看几遍句子,让我们对句子里的细节有清晰而全面的了解。
最后,要多加练习。
只有通过实践,我们才能把首字母填空做到一熟练。
所以要多做题,多进行总结分析,注意发现不同角度出题,才能更好的掌握做题技巧。
以上就是针对高中学生的英语首字母填空的技巧和方法。
要想更好的掌握首字母填空的技巧,最重要的还是多加练习,只有不断的刻
苦练习,我们才能取得更好的成绩。
中考英语首字母填空阅读理解和完形填空的解题方法

中考英语首字母填空、阅读理解和完形填空的解题方法大揭秘期末考试在即,很多同学对于英语阅读理解和完形填空是两大空缺,自己没办法一蹴而就。
下面谈谈解题思路:首字母填空初中英语考试中,首字母填空可谓是学生们的“心病”。
由于这类题型属能力型考题,因此文章内容广、出题范围也广,常常让学生无从下手。
一.“完形填空/首字母填空”做题技巧1. 跳开空格、通读全文、把握文章大意目前此题型的文章主要以记叙文及议论文为主,因此在下笔做题前,应对每篇文章的大意有所了解,把握整篇的基调,切勿仓促下笔。
2. 重视主题句此类题型所用的短文一般不给标题,但短文的主题句,往往在每段文章的首句,有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。
主题句是深入了解全文的“窗口”,因为其往往概括了每段的大意,为我们做题提供了很好的线索。
3. 语境联想、瞻前顾后、先易后难每个空格涉及的题型千变万化,主要以考察固定搭配、近义词辨析、时态、语态、介词、连词等为主,因此必须联系上文,逐个击破。
容易题先做,不能马上确定答案的切勿思考过久,可先跳过,等全文基本做完,加深理解后再来思考。
4. 复读全文,逐一检查对于完型填空,完成各道题选择后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法。
对于首字母填空,检查每个空格的重点则应放在所填动词的时态及语态、名词单复数、第三人称单数上,避免失掉本应到手的分数。
完形填空:1、通读全文,这是为了总体了解文章的主旨,同时也明确作者的态度。
同时有时候后文会提示前文的答案。
2、依次填空,把每一道题都当做单选来做,同时划一定的关键词。
3、再次核实。
这一点建立在时间充分的基础上,所以边做要边对不确定的答案进行标记。
阅读理解:1、先读题,划字眼。
阅读理解应该先读题,在不了解文章的前提下对文章的概况有一个了解。
2、带着问题读文章。
明确需要回答的问题后,读文章才更有目的性。
(完整版)首字母填空做题技巧讲解

首字母填空讲解如何做好首字母填空题考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
✧首字母填空的解题方法和技巧:◆通读全文,了解大意短文中虽有一些词未知,但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。
在初步阅读中,可以跳过空格,尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息,以及语法结构方面的提示,有助于下一步的分析与判断。
◆再读全文,理清脉络通读全文、掌握大意后,还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读,从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系,尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系,用已知信息去获取未知信息,以便初步确定答案。
在答题过程中,同学们可以把有把握的词先填好,逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍,然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。
◆仔细推敲,确保准确词义判断正确了不等于答题正确,还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。
如果填的词是名词,首先要考虑到单、复数的问题;如果是动词,要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。
◆注意:填入的词既能使句意通顺,又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。
在初步确定答案后,一定还要反复考虑,仔细推敲,确保用词准确◆复读全文,全面检查答题完毕后复读全文,进行核查是必不可少的。
做完题后,一定要认真检查,尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误,对有疑问的地方,更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌,这样才能尽量避免失分。
专项题型解析:例题解析:Dogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3 arrives.When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.答案及简析1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养,主要是因为它们比较通人性,且对人很友好,能给人们带来欢乐。
英语首字母填空技巧

初三英语期末总复习系列 (首字母填空) 常用的答题技巧如下: 1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解 每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。
因此通读全文时要一气呵成,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词 要特别注意文章的开头和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息。
在阅读过程中,要学会跳读,即采用暂时回避的方式。
约3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,要根据构词知识或上下文加以猜测。
3. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理 精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语、固定搭配或句子,并注意单词的正确形式。
4. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形 检查文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。
比如填q ,要求填写quickly ,而多数考生只知道填写quick ,忽略了词性问题。
因此,深思熟虑很重要。
练习一Steven Ballmer is always excited, as he was this time in front of over 2,000 students from Beijing University and Qinghua University.Ballmer, President of Microsoft Crop, r______ 1 a warm welcome at Qinghua University when he gave a talk on the next generation of the Internet on September 19th. He came to China last week for a two-day v ___2 ,during which he slept only four hours and had many meetings with government officials and men of b ____ 3 . After all those business matters, he came to Qinghua University and was asked thousands of q _____ 4 from the excited students.Ballmer, w ___ 5 joined Microsoft in 1980, is the first business manager hired (雇佣) by Bill Gates, a schoolmate of Ballmer at Harvard University. Gates first dropped out of school to s _____ 6 Microsoft and Ballmer was still studying, but he also g ___ 7 up his studies and joined Bill Gates’ five-year-old Microsoft in 1980.In his talk to the students, Ballmer described what the Internet will b_____8 to their life. He said there are several hundred Qinghua graduatesnow w ___ 9or being trained at Microsoft both in China and in the US. He also warn the students not to drop out of school and f ____10 the exampleof Bill Gates and himself.练习二People eat different things in different places of the world. In southern China, we eat r______1_ every day. Sometimes we eat two or threem_______2_ a day. We usually have rice w______3__ fish , meat andv_____________4_ for breakfast, lunch, o______5_ supper.The Japanese eat rice, too. They eat a lot of fish. They sometimes eat raw fish. In Africa, maize(玉米) is the m______6___ important food. People there make maize into flour. From the flour they make different kind of bread and porridge.In Britain, America, Canada, Australia and many other c_______7_, the most important food is bread and p_______8____. People there usually make their bread f______9___ wheat flour. They cook the potatoes in many different w_______10__. People usually cook their evening meals at home. But f_______11_ lunch, they often buy cooked food and take it away. People also often have a ‘take-away’ at the weekend. Many people in England buy fish and chips or C______12_ food and take it away.练习三Dr Hong was born in Hangzhou in Zhejiang P_____1__ in 1957. Whenhe was a child, Hangzhou was full of birds and a 2 . Dr Hong’sf________3_ hobby was walking in the countryside looking for new and u 4 things. He was first interested in fish fossils. Then he found a l__ 5 __ number of bird fossils and started to study them. Dr Hong said he was luckye_____6___ to see the fossil of Confuciusornis, w 7 was one of the earliest birds on Earth.Dr Hong s 8 science at Qinghua U 9 in Beijing, then in Europe. Then he r 10 to Beijing to work in early 2000.练习四Lewis Carroll was born in 1832. He was the oldest boy in a family of 11 children. He was a very bright student. In 1849, he studied in Oxford University where his father u 1 to go. Later, he became a mathematician,teaching in a university. The university paid him quite w 2 , but he was not i 3 in his job because most of his students were older and richer than him. They didn’t like to l 4 and Lewis didn’t want to teach. In 1856, he became interested in t 5 photos and took up photography as a hobby. He was also good at writing poems and short stories. In the same year, he became f 6 with one of his fellow teachers and his family. There were three little girls in the family. The second daughter of the family was n 7 Alice. Lewis often took the girls on the river for picnics. Lewis made up the stories of Alice and told them to the girls day after day. They liked the stories s 8 much that Alice asked him to write the stories down, and so he d 9 . Then he was asked to send it to a publisher. The book came out in 1865, and was a great success. He also wrote some other Alice books, for example, Through the looking glass and What Alice found there. He died in 1898 at the a 10 of 66.练习五We spent a day in the country and p______1_a lot of flowers. Our car wasf____2__of flowers inside! On the way h_____3__ we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf.It stood outside a furniture(家具)shop. “B___4___ it,” she said at once.“We’ll carry it home on the roof-rack(车顶架). I’ve a____5___ wanted one like that.”What could I do? Ten m_____6___ later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow, quite h______7__ too.As it was g_______8_ darker, I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even s______9__ traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good i________10_.练习六One day , a young man asked Albert Einstein, a great s 1 what the secret of success was .The scientist told him that the secret of success is hard work.A few days later the young man asked him the same q 2 again. Einstein was very a 3 .He did not say anything, but wrote a few words on a piece of paper and g 4 it to the young man .The young man l 5 at the pieceof paper. On it was w 6 : A=X+Y+Z." What does this m ean?" asked the young man. "A means s______7," said the old scientist. "X means hard work, Y means g 8 methods(方法),and Z…Z means s____9__ talking and start to w 10 ."练习七One day Yingtian and his Mum were a l 1 late for his swimming competition that morning. When they drove u 2 a low bridge, their truck was too high t 3 go under the bridge. Can you guess what they did? First they thought a 4 putting lots of rocks on the truck to m 5 it heavier. But there were only a few small rocks b 6 the road. Then they let some air o 7 of the tyres to make the truck a f 8 centimetres lower. At last, the t 9 went under the bridge. H 10 clever they were!.练习八Mr. Brown had got a b___1___ heart. He went to a big h___2___ in London. Doctor Green wanted to change his heart. O___3____ a Friday morning, a young woman died s 4 in a traffic accident. She was young and she had a g___5___ heart. Doctor Green asked the woman’s father, “May I take your d___6____ heart? Mr. Brown n___7___ it. I want to put it into his body.”The woman’s father a___8___. The next day, Doctor Green put the woman’s heart into Mr. Brown’s body. It t___9___ the doctor six hours to finish the operation (手术). Mr.Brown is still alive(生存) now. The woman’s heart w___10___ well in his body.练习九It was eleven at night. Our house was q____1_. Everyone was in bed e__ 2_ me. Under the strong light, I looked at the books in front of me t_______3. I was going to h___ 4_ my exam the next day. “When can I go to bed?” I asked myself. I did not know the a____ 5__. Then the clock went to 12. “Oh, d__ 6__ me !” I cried. “I have ten more books to read before I can go to bed! We students are the p____7 people in the w____ 8!” Then the clock went to one. I was too tired to go on studying. My eyes were so heavy that I could h____ _9 open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I f_____10_ asleep.练习十The police do many things for us. They help keep our things and us safe. They help keep cars moving s_____1_. They take care of people who are hurt. Then they help these people find a d_____2.The police go around town to see that everything is all r_____3_. They get around town in some big cities, some of the police ride on horses. It is strange to see these a_____ 4 in the street.As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find l_____ 5 children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people w_____6__ way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.Some police stand at c__ 7__. They tell the cars when to go and when to stop. They make sure that the cars do not go too f_____8_. They help children cross the street. They also help people w____9 can’t walk too well. W__ 10___ the police, our streets would not be safe. Cars might go too fast and hurt people. Lost people might never be found. The police do a good job. We need them. And we should thank them for a job well done.练习十一The universe is e______1_ out in space. N 2 knows how big the universe is.When we talk a 3 the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the s_____4_. Now let me tell you something about our earth. The earth is a huge ball. It turns round in space. I 5 surface (表面)is covered by water and land. If you are in a space plane and look d 6 at the earth from up in space, you will see lots of clouds over the surface of the earth. Through the clouds you will see the blue color of the oceans and seas. Almost t 7 of the earth is covered with water.We live on the o 8 of the earth. Around and above us is the air. The earth takes twenty-four hours to t 9 all the way round----- that is one day and one night. When your country is facing the sun, it is daytime for you. But as the earth turns you away from the sun, everything around you grows d 10 .练习十二Food is very i__1____ to our health. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have strong body.Our minds, like our bodies, always need the best food. This kind of food is knowledge. We start taking in knowledge when we are very y___2___. Studying on our own b___3__ us the most knowledge. If we just accept answers w__4 ___ thinking about them, we never learn well. When we study in the right way and get knowledge on our own, we e__5____ learning. We also learn more and understand better.Which is the best way to learn a f___6___ language? We all remember that we learnt our m___7__ language well when we were children. If we can learn a second language in the same way, it won’t seem so difficult. Think of what a small child does. He listens to what people say and he t____8___ to imitate( 模仿 ) what he hears. When he wants something, he asks for it. In this way, he is using the language. He thinks and speaks in the new language all the t__9___. If people use a second language like this, they will learn it more quickly than b___10___.练习十三A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day in the year. You may f 1 in an exam if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only for a few days b 2 the exam.I 3 , you should go to bed early a few days before the exam. Do not study l 4 at night before you start the exam. Read carefully over the exam paper, and try to u 5 the meaning of each question before you have at last f 6 your exam, read your answers again. Correct the m 7 if there are any and make sure you have not m________8_anything.练习十四In the old days, London was k 1 as a city of fog. The fog was as t 2 as pea-soup. London’s fog was caused by factory smoke, so it was c______3_ “smog.” The smog was so thick that car and bus d 4 could hardly see the road in front of them even during the daytime. People had to wear smog-masks over their f____5___when they went out.In December 1952, a very thick dark cloud came down over the city. It was the w 6 smog Londoners had ever had. Nearly fifty people died inroad accidents. Many more people became very u 7 . After three weeks, the smog began to lift slowly. L_____8__ in London returned to normal. But not long after that, over 4000 people died as a r 9 of the smog.In 1956,the British stopped b 10 coal in houses and factories in the city. London’s air became cleaner.Keys练习一: 1. received 2. visit 3. business 4. questions 5. who6. start7. gave8. bring9. working 10.follow练习二 1. rice 2. meals 3. with 4. vegetables 5. or 6. most7. countries 8. potatoes 9. from 10.ways 11. for 12. Chinese练习三 1. Province 2. animals 3. favourite 4. unusual 5. large6. enough7. which8. studied9. University 10.returned练习四 1. used 2. well 3. interested 4. learn 5. taking6. friends7. named8. so9. did 10. age练习五 1.picked 2. full 3. home 4. buy 5. always6. minutes7. heavy8. getting9. stopped 10. idea练习六 1. scientist 2. question 3. angry 4. gave 5. looked6. written7. success8. good9. stop 10. work练习七 1. little 2. under 3. to 4. about 5. make6. beside7. out8. few9. truck 10. How练习八1. broken 2. hospital 3. On 4. suddenly 5. good6. daughter’s7. needs8. agreed9. took 10. works练习九1. quiet 2. except 3. tiredly 4. have 5. answer6. dear7. poorest8. world9. hardly 10.fell练习十 1. safely 2. doctor 3. right 4. animals 5. lost6. which7. crossings8. fast9. who 10 Without练习十一1. everything 2. Nobody 3. about 4. stars 5. Its6. down7. two-thirds8.outside9.turn 10.dark练习十二1. important 2. young 3. brings 4. without 5. enjoy6. foreign7. mother8. tries9. time 10. before练习十三1. fail 2. before 3. instead 4. late 5. understand 6. finished 7. mistakes 8. missed练习十四1. known 2. thick 3. called 4. drivers 5. faces6. worst7. unhealthy8. Life9. result 10. burning。
中学生任务型阅读与首字母填空存在的问题与答题技巧分析

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应 该 多 选择 一 学生 感 兴趣 的 课 外书 ,例 如 : “ T h e T r e a s u r e I s l a n d ( 金 银 岛) ” ,激发 学生 阅读 的兴趣 。 二 、强调 词性 的转 换及 其重 要性 学 生学会 词性 ,会对 英语 的学 习有很 多 帮助 ,首 先词 性的 掌握 有 利于 单词 的记 忆 。单 词记 忆是 为了单 词 的运 用 ,因此 单 纯记 住 单词 的拼 写和 中文意 思是 远远 不够 的 ,还 应 包括 单词 的 发音 和用 法等 ,当中最 重要 的还是 要理 解和 记忆 单词 的词性 。 我 们 在 做 首 字母 和 任 务 型 阅 读时 ,会 有 部 分 学 生会 } f ] 于 词性使用错误而造成原本可以做对的题目反而出错了,对此我 总结了以下几点 :1 . 名词一 名词常用于数词 ,形容词,形容词 性 物 主代 词 ,介 词 之 后 ,例如 :I t ’s my p l e a s u r e( p l e a s e ), 1 we n t t o s c h o o l l a t e b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s( i l 1 ),同 时应 注意 名词 可 不 可数 ,单 复数 ,例 如 :ma n y e x p e r i e n c e s( 许 多经历 ), mu c h e x p e r i e n c e 。2 . 形容词一 形 容词 常 用 于 名词 之 前 ,系 动词 之 后 ,同 时 应 注 意 其 比较 级 ,最 高 级形 式 ,例 如 :T h a t ’S a
中 汤姆 是 最适 合 成 为我 们 的 班 长 的 。 ) 3 . 介词一 介词 之 后 常 跟 上动 名词 ,名词 或宾 格 ,例如 :I a m c r a z y a b o u t p l a y i n g f o o t b a l l ( 我 痴 迷 于踢 足球 。 ) 4 . 副 词一 副词 常 放 于旬 首 ,实 意动 词 前 后 ,同时要注意比较级和最高级 ,例如 :I t ’s r a i n i n g h e a v i l y .
短文首字母填空解题方法技巧(初中英语专项复习)2
短文首字母技解题方法技巧(初中英语专项复习)一、知识梳理首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确,又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要,所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。
它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识,还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。
考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察词汇量与具体运用能力(基础)句子结构分析能力(确定词性和词形)语义、语境分析能力(确定词义)逻辑推断能力(确定词义)前后文关键信息提取能力(更为准确确定词义)解题思路词性的判断(句法结构、词性的句法功能)词义的判断(句意理解)脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇复查(名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等)【典例】Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给)【典例1】A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.Keys: 81. result(s)82. Physical83. included84. various 85. Visiting 86. Another 87. seldom前后文呼应、理解(1) P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.【答案】Physical【精讲】本空首先判定为副词,接着根据后文提及的Favourite sports可知(2)They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.【答案】various【精讲】本空首先初步判定为形容词,虽也有可能填动词分词形式,形容词概率大些,再根据后文的from.......to.....可知(3)V____85______ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week.【答案】visiting【精讲】根据后文的met friends知道填拜访访问朋友,注意动词放开头做主语要用动名词形式Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone.【答案】Another【精讲】首先本空判定为形容词或者具有形容词性的代词,再根据前文的through the Internet 以及后文的the telephone知表示另外一种方式。
任务型阅读和首字母填空解题技巧和对应习题
任务型阅读专项练习解题技巧同学们,任务型阅读要求你们在阅读理解的基础上,去完成一项任务或解决一个问题,主要考查你们根据所提供的语言信息解决实际问题的能力,即考查你们的阅读理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合运用能力。
具体做法就是在试题中,你们要根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表,每空只填一个单词。
纵观这几年英语中考任务型阅读的试题,我给你们总结了以下3种解题技巧:一、信息查找,直取答案信息查找是针对任务型阅读中的基本类型,一般可以直接通过表格和短文进行对照,边读文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息,获取到相关单词,有时试题和原文句型句式不同,需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词,不需变化,直接填入。
在中考英语的任务型阅读题中,用信息查找的方法得出答案的题目有6—7道。
信息查找这种方法解题技巧的关键就是根据问题句子查找定位信息,常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。
二、信息转换,提炼新词信息转换类型,需要学生有基本的构词法知识,明确句子中成分和词性的对应关系。
学生可以仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子),判断所填词的词性、词形,提高填词的准确性。
有时甚至可以不看文章,直接根据短语搭配填出答案。
信息转换类型的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息,加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
在中考英语的任务型阅读中,信息的转换一般有几种情况:词性、词形、句式、释义。
其中,词形转换较为困难,主要包含以下几个方面:(1)近义词和反义词转换;(2)名词单数和复数转换;(3)动词的形式(大小写、时态等)转换;(4)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级转换;(5)基数词和序数词的转换。
三、信息概括,推理总结任务型阅读还会考查你们对文章的主题、中心思想、结构层次等方面信息概括的能力,比如归纳短文要点、概括中心思想,分析段落大意、重要情节和人物特征特点等。
这一类型的题目在整个任务型阅读中属于难度较大的题目。
在做这一类型的题目时需注意:(1)把握文章的内在逻辑关系,以文章提供的事实和观点为依据,立足原文,推断未知。
中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解
中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解学法指导1. 总述首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力,也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。
其中,着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力,根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。
一般来讲,在考试中,七个首字母,会涉及到不同词性。
以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主,虚词为辅。
2. 解题技巧(1)通读全文,了解大意通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章,迅速的了解文章大意,并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。
通读全文时,不宜看一空填一空,以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
(2)把握段首句中考的首字母往往以议论文为主,而段落的开首句,往往揭示了整段的段意。
因此在考试中,把握好段首句,可以窥探到整段的全貌,以首句的时态,意义为立足点,可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
(3)抓住关键词文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的,因此在文章中,作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词,例如:but、so、in addition等。
这些关键词,可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析,了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
(4)熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置,而在首字母中,也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况,因此,在平时的学习过程中,需要巩固好考纲词组。
(5)联系上下文解题在解题过程中,应当遵循“先易后难”的原则,当遇到解不出的题时,应当跳过。
首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解,因此,很多情况下,随着下文的展开和文章的深入,前面填不出的词,在下文中会有提示。
因此,学生在作答时,应当加强联系前后文,充分利用上下文中的有效信息,确定答案。
(6)重读文章,检验答案当全部答完后,一定要把文章重新读一遍。
查看文章是否通顺,语法是否有误。
如果发现有不顺畅的地方,则需要再进行推敲。
个别单词的形式要着重注意。
中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解
中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解一、考点分析首字母填空在中考和一模二模中所占的分值比重较大,为固定分值14分,7个空。
它是阅读理解部分里最难的一部分,也是学生特别容易失分的题型。
它不仅考察学生的词汇量,同时也检测了学生的综合运用能力。
因此掌握好首字母填空的解题技巧非常重要。
二、专题详解首字母填空解题技巧:1. 跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意。
2. 复读短文,确定语义,判断句子成分。
3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性,缩小范围。
4.联系上下文,找关键信息推测出答案。
5.通读短文,检查答案。
注意时态,语法,以及词性等问题。
上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计从统计表中不难看出,考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
具体做题方法:(一)从词性考查角度分析:1. 名词:单复数形式, 所有格的用法1. September 10th is Teachers’ Day.2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.2. 动词:时态语态的变化3.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we _invented__(发明)cars and now we can move the fastest4.When you laugh ,you will open___ your mouth and your teeth.3. 形容词、副词:比较等级的用法5. Last Sunday,we played h_appily_____ in the park, though we were very tired.6.Summer is the hottest season of the year.4. 代词:单复数人称代词反身代词指示代词关系代词不定代词等的用法7. Help yourself to some fish,Jim.8. Mrs Green said to the twins .”Help yourselves to some fish please. ”9.This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.5. 连词:并列与从属连词的用法10.For years, we played other people’s songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.11. She didn’t go to school yesterday ,because she was ill.(二)从句子成分角度分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
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◆曹阳
(江苏省江都张纲中学)
毒守夸《势
首字母填空及任务型阅读解题策略指导
【摘要】近年来。江苏省英语中考除了保留首字母填空外,还增设了“任务型阅读”题型,用意是强调语言在交际中的应用,注重英语语言 的句意、结构和语境。旨在测试考生在对话交际中的词汇要素、句法要素和修辞要素的掌握情况。所选材料具有时代气息且情景丰富的 对话。其难度符合中学生的认知水平,信息量大,语言丰富,学生易于理解。既考查对话的理解,又考查单词拼写,同时还要求考生有一定 的阅读能力和实际运用能力。 【关键词】多选自书报、杂志、网页中的一些说明性、议论性文章及部 分应用文体。涉及环保、填写申请表、网络、文明礼仪、游戏、天气预报、国内 外知名人士及大事件等等。此类文章内容更贴近现代社会生活.题材涉猎 丰富、真实可靠,更富有时代性和实用性。这要求考生对即时的社会、人 文、经济等信息有一定程度的了解和掌握。考生在认真阅读后,务必根据 题型的内容、形式、格式、要求,正确地把握这些要求与文章内容之间的对 应关系。只要把握好这一原则.就能顺利完成短文。 2.解题策略 (1l明确任务,有的放矢。即认真审题。看清楚具体的任务要求.并在 头脑中对所有任务有通盘的考虑,同时明确中心任务。 12)认真阅读.通盘把握。着重把握材料的大意、脉络结构、写作基调 与作者的态度等。在此过程中.考生可适当运用一些阅读技巧.如借助于 文章标题、文章中的关键调、首尾段以及各段的主旨句等.建立题目与任务 之间的联系,将阅读任务具体到原文中准确定位.以寻找突破点。 13)按图索骥.完成任务。答题一定要符合题目要求、句子结构要求、 同类表达一致性要求等.同时要注意大小写、宇迹等细节问题。保证答题质 量。在这一步骤中,要求考生注意到名词的数与格、动词的形式、形容词副 词的比较等级、词形转换;句子结构转换;同义词和反义词的转换;主谓一 致等语言技巧。 (4)复读文章,核实任务。在初步完成所要求的任务以后.考生必须再 仔细阅读所给的短文.结合任务要求仔细核实.检查意思的理解是否准确. 表达方式是否得当。单词拼写是否正确。 任务型阅读需要考生能够灵活运用各种阅读技巧。如速读。通过整体 租读,领略内容大意,为细读傲准备。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开 的。只有把握了中心.才能领会作者的意图及写作方向。所以.学生在速读 时一定要特别注意文章的首尾两段,因为文章的第一段往往点明中心.而 最后一段则通常归纳或重述文章的主要内容。细读,即注重语言结构,凸 显语言点。抓住主要事实及关键信息进行阅读。任务的完成都有一个答题 点。也就是说问题的答案在阅读材料中的反映。这时考生就要运用细读技 巧.组织并转换信息。此外还有跳读.即越过人名、地名、数字及定、状语等 辅助信息。以快速获得关键词的技巧等。 3.考题类型 该题型主要分为三种:一种是细节题。即从文章中直接寻找答案;另一 种是归纳题.需要对短文进行归纳的出答案。这类题型最主要考查学生耐 心审题、内容整理、逻辑判断及寻找细节的能力。同时也考查学生阅读、理 解、推断词义的能力。还有一种是信息转换题.这类题型需要整合分类。 11)捕捉信息题 新课标五级阅读技能要求。能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策 略获取信息”,即考生能够根据题目要求准确把握阅读材料中的关键词句. 以完成既定任务。常见题型有:选出阅读材科中符合要求的词语、选项.或 根据材料信息完成表格等。 12)信息组织转换题 所谓信息组织转换题。即考生在把握文章结构层次的基础上。将获得 的信息按一定的顺序或逻辑关系以及共性与差异等进行加工整合或分类 梳理。(下转第124页)
一、首字母填空 1.题型分析 阅读教学是英语教学中的一个难点,给首宇母完形填空又是阅读教学 中最令人头痛的一环。它不但考查学生对语篇的理解能力。而且考查学生 理解语篇过程中的分析判断、句子成分与词性的对应关系、语法结构、词义 辨析等全方位的综合能力。只有具备了相当词汇量、扎实的语法知识、充 分的扩散性思维和严密的逻辑推理能力的学生.才能很好地完成语篇.使 文章通顺畅达.恢复原样。 2.解题策略 (1)通览全文,了懈大意 答题时.应先根据首字母分析该单词在句子中的成分,然后跳过空格 快速阅读。了解文章的大意。不理解的细节可以暂时忽略,结合首字母的 提示.通过逻辑思维判断尽快把全文读完.建立语言的整体感。 (2)复读短文找信息。前后照应巧猜词 在了解大意的前提下.再次通读全文,对短文有更进一步的了解,根据 短文所给的首字母.帮助了解全文说描述的事件或文章的中心思想。注意 上、下文的关系.学会跳读,对不理解的地方采取暂时回避的方式。待真正 理解全文之后再找解决的方法。 (3)熟记短语.注重语境 短语经常会出现在首字母填空的考题中.如果平时能注意词组、短语 的整体记忆。掌握它们的搭配规律.在傲首字母填空时就能得心应手,减少 失误。另外.词语搭配也值得注意。从语法角度来说.句子不是词的序列, 而是词组的序列。 (4)综合考虑,先易后难 复读全文后.对短文有了一定的更深的印象.在此基础上结合所给首 字母展开逻辑思维。分析这一空格处在句中的地位、前后的关系和它所起 的作用。然后确定最佳答案,先易后难,因为前后信息之间还有相互提示作 用。因此。当我们遇见难题时,暂时放一放,继续往下傲.不要停留浪费 时间。 3.复读检验.消除疏漏 完成所有空格后。还要再次通读全文,看看这时的短文是否流畅.意思 是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理。复查时可以从文意入手,推敲一下语法是 否正确.有无需要做适当变化的需要。这些都需要进行深思熟虑。凡遇到 疑点,这必须根据文章的中心思想,从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡.加以 改正,弥补疏漏。 以上策略是提高首宇母填空答题正确率的有效手段。若能运用这些 方法,加上克服不必要的恐惧心理,就一定能在中考的首字母填空中取得 较好的成绩。 =、任务型阅读 1.题型概述 任务型阅读是。阅读理解”的另一种形式,考查学生的归纳概括能力和 语篇结构理解能力。它重视学生的情感因素.测试过程中不仅要测量包括 语法、语篇、社会语言能力和策略能力在内的交际语言能力,还应以真实性 为准则。即测试学生在日常生活中参与英语实践活动的程度及运用英语进 行交际和表达的水平。同时,任务型阅读重在考查学生用英语解决问题的 118
万方数据
论提高小学数学教学质量的策略
◆陈光群
(陕西省安康市汉滨区财粱九年髑学校)
【摘要】新课改为基础教育发展提出了更高要求,更加强调要全面提高小学数学教学质量,以达到新课程改革要求的目标。这就要求教 师要善于运用多种策略,不断培养学生的实践能力、创造能力,引导他们积极参与合作、探究性开展学习。本文就如何提高小学数学教学 质量,提出几种行之有效的教学策略。 【关键词】教学策略学因生变式 多媒体
新的课程改革几年中,教师常提到的是如何培养学生的实践能力、创 造能力;动手操作能力、积极参与合作、探究学习能力等。但对大面积提高 教学质量,加强。双基”教学却提得很少。在教学实践和教学管理中.我发 现学生“双基”能力在不断下降,在农村学校产生了很多学困生。很难达到 预想的课改要求目标。所以.要达到课改目标.就要先为学生打好基础知 识。为学生的将来深造、掌握新的科学技术创造良好条件。那么.如何在小 学数学教学中提高教学质量呢7我认为可以从以下几个方面的策略去 实施。 实施策略一:提高质量先从学困生抓起。 农村学校留守儿童较多。学生基础差异较大。关注学困生成长尤为重 要。每节课、每单元的教学基本内容,要求学困生必须做到理解、掌握。教 师要随时弥补他们知识缺陷。为他们铺垫跟上中等生的进步阶梯。 具体方法有三:一是教师每节课多关注,可以运用多种教学方法吸引 学困生积极参与课堂各项教学活动。还可以结合错题耐心讲解.弥补他们 知识和能力上的缺陷,或者多给学困生在课堂表现的机会。并及时给予恰 当的表扬和鼓励;二是落实班级内优生、学困生。一帮一。活动。让他们一对 一结成学习上的帮扶伙伴。特别是要做好优等生的思想工作。让他们克服 不愿意、不耐烦、怕耽误学习等错误想法。树立帮扶的好典型,引导学生扎 实开展帮扶活动;三是积极鼓励学困生自己拟定提高计划。教师要经常和 他们交流。逐步解决学困生在学习过程中的自控能力差、课堂学习参与能 力差、课后训练态度差等问题,从而逐步提高学困生的数学学习兴趣和 威绩。 实施策略二:教学要努力贴近学生生活认知经验。充分让学生在动手 实践中学好数学。 皮亚杰认为:。儿童的思维是从动作开始的,切断做与思维的联系.思 维就不能得到发展。~智慧在学生的手指上。。贴近学生认知生活经验,充 分发挥学生动手操作的能力,让手的每一根神经都与大脑相通相应。受大 脑指挥下活动。大脑在手的活动过程中直接认识事物.认识得快.感知得 深。因此。让学生在动手的过程中学习某些知识是必要的,高效的。例如。 在教学“9÷4=?”这道有余数除法时.可以让学生把9个实物体平均分成4
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(上接第118页)(3)信息概括表述题 五级目标指出“能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料”;。能找出文章中的主题. 理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局”;。能就日常生活的 各种话题与他人交换信息并陈述自己的意见”等。这要求考生阅读结束 后.须对材料形成初步的理性认识.对文章的关键词、主题句有准确的把 握.甚至要求学生能用简单的话表达出自己的观点和看法等。 任务型阅读不仅考查学生的阅读理解能力,还考查书面表达能力,具 有综合性的特点。要求学生在理解文字的基础上,完成相应的信息匹配、 图表、文字表达,有效地测试学生用英语处理问题的能力。其关键点是: (1)审大题。即看清楚答题要求,尤其是“注意”后的具体要求属三种 情况中哪一种。在答题的过程中,要自始至终贯彻这一要求。 (2)审小题。即认真阅读表格及其中的内容,注意其横向、纵向的类别 规律和表达方式。 (3)审细节。即答题一定要符合题目要求、句子结构要求、同类或同栏 的表达一致性要求;要注意大小写、宇迹等细节问题.以规范答题。求得最 佳解题效果。 笔者希望通过对首字母填空和任务型阅读的详细讲解,能帮助学生很 好地处理这两个题型。一方面,提高自己的综合解题能力;另一方面。为自 己的中考分数加分而获得优异的成绩。 参考文献: [1]甄艳华.英语阅读系列教程.黑龙江教育出版社。2006. [2]中小学英语教学与研究.2008.