现代大学英语第一册第9课教案

----------------------Lesson Nine Against All Odds 1Lesson Nine Against All OddsTeaching objectives1.To get students to know some information about Stephen Hawking.2.To guide students to understand and appreciate the text.3.To help students to master the key words, phrases and sentences.4.To foster the four basic skills of students.Teaching contents1.Background information about Stephen Hawking.2.Key words, phrases and discourses in the text.3.Writing styles and techniques of the text.4.Discussions and debates about the topic.Teaching techniquesTo integrate several different teaching methods and techniques: elicitation; explanation; illustration and discussion.Teaching proceduresI. Background (50 minutes)About Hawking, Stephen WilliamHawking, Stephen William (1942- ), British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the beginning of the universe, and a unified theory of physics, the nature of space and time, including irregularities in space and time known as singularities.His name inspires awe and admiration not only because he is a great scientist, but also he has won his international renown against extremely heavy odds. Everybody has to struggle against some odds. We are not exceptions. But compared with the kind of odds Hawking has had to fight against, our difficulties and hardships must seem trivial. I believe you can draw strength from such a fine example.Life experience:Born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England... In 1958 he entered Oxford University.In 1961 he attended a summer course at the Royal Observatory.In 1962 he completed his undergraduate courses and received a bachelor’ degree in physics. Then Hawking enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the----------------------Lesson Nine Against All Odds 2department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge.In 1966 Hawking earned his Ph.D. degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge.In 1974 he became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Society. In 1977 he became a professor of physics after finishing doing post-doctoral research at the University of Cambridge.In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. Scientific research:In the earliest stages, Hawking has been concerned with the concept of singularities breakdowns in space and time. The most familiar example of a singularity is a black hole, (the final form of a collapsed star). During the late 1960s Hawking proved that a singularity must occur at the big bang( the explosion that marked the beginning of the universe and the birth of space-time itself).In 1970 Hawking turned to the examination of the properties of black holes: the surface area of the event horizon (The boundary of a black hole) around a black hole could only increase or remain constant with time this area could never decrease.From 1970 to 1974, Hawking provided mathematical proof for the hypothesis as the "No Hair Theorem”: matter entering a black hole loses its shape, its chemical composition, and its distinction as matter or antimatter.Since 1974 Hawking has studied the behavior of matter in a black hole in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics（量子力学）is a theory that describes black holes from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape could emit thermal radiation, or heat.Throughout the 1990s Hawking sought to explain the universe by incorporating all four basic types of interactions between matter and energy: strong nuclear interactions, weak nuclear interactions, electromagnetic interactions, and gravitational interactions.Current news:Professor Hawking is currently interested in selling his hot air balloon basket, especially designed by experts for wheelchair access. This very special item is in excellent condition and ready to useProfessor Hawking has given many lectures to the general public.----------------------Lesson Nine Against All Odds 3Here are the more recent public lectures at Zhejiang University.Major works:Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time(1988)Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993),The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the UniverseThe Future of SpacetimeA Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black HolesIn 1992 American filmmaker Errol Morris helped make all-time best seller A Brief History of Time into a film about Hawkin g’s life and work.Remarks made by Stephen HawkingI am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS?The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many. I have had motor neuron disease for practically all my adult life. I could select words from a series of menus on the screen, by pressing a switch in hands. A speech synthesizer fitted to my wheel chair allowed me to write, talk. Yet it has not prevented me from having a very attractive family, and success in my work. It gave me something to live for. I realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do. I was enjoying life in the present more than before. Thanks to the help I have received from Jane, my children, and a large number of other people. I have been lucky, that my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope.ALSALS —Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis肌萎缩侧索硬化A = absence of ; myo = muscle; trophic = nourishment; Lateral = side(of spine); Sclerosis = hardeningThe ALS Association is the only national not-for-profit health organization dedicated solely to the fight against ALS through research, patient and community services, public education, and advocacy.II. Text Glimpse (30 minutes)Since you have previewed the lesson before class, I’d like to ask you a few questions:1. How did Stephen Hawking first discover that he had this disease?2. How did Stephen Hawking take the news?----------------------Lesson Nine Against All Odds 43. What helped him get out of his depression?4. How did Hawking struggle bravely against all the physical obstructions?5.Can you describe his married lifeIII. General Analysis (20 minutes)Questions about the structure:1. What kind of order does the text adopt? (The chronological order)2. How many parts can this text be divided into?3. Try to find the key sentences in each part and summarize their main ideas.IV. Detailed Analysis (100 minutes)A. Paraphrase1．The strange clumsiness he had been experiencing had occurred more frequently.→The strange clumsiness he had felt or had been going through had happened more often.2．The body gradually wastes away.→The body gradually becomes thinner and weaker because of illness.3. Why should I be cut off like this?→Why should I be removed like this?/ Why should my life be cut short like this? 4. There seemed very little pont in continuing his research.→There seemed to be no reason for continuing his research. It didn’t seem to make any sense to serve any useful purpose.5. …in fact he was just hitting his stride..→…in fact he was just becoming more comfortable with his work so he could do it continuously and well.6. …give something to live for…→…made life meaningful for him/…give him a purpose in life.B. Language points1. odd:1) peculiar or eccentric, fantastic 奇怪的,古怪oddball2) number not divisible by two (≠even) 单数的,奇数的3) not fixed, not regular, occasional 零星,临时odd man/jobsE.g. The odd-looking man make a living by doing odd jobsodds: 1)the chance in favor of/against sth. 可能的机会2) things that are not even, inequalities 不平等----------------------Lesson Nine Against All Odds 5E.g. The odds are against/ in favor of us.odds and ends: small articles and pieces usu. of small value; 零碎杂物against all odds: in spite of all difficultiesChina has to overcome enormous odds in order to build socialism with Chinese characteristic.Last year we won a good harvest against all odds.2. prep. + doinghas difficulty /trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth.has a good time (in) doing sth.There is no point /use (in) doing sth.What is the use/ point/good (of) doing sth.?be through (with) doing sth.3waste : to cause to lose energy, strength, or vigor; exhaust, tire, or enfeeble:使衰弱：使失去能量、力量或精力；使耗尽精力、疲惫或衰弱：Disease wasted his body.疾病使他身体衰弱waste away日益消瘦, 日渐衰弱She is -ting away for lack of good food.4. Worse offWell off: to have more money or beter situation than many other people5. only to: 结果却，不料，反而E.g. The enemy troops rushed there only to be ambushed. 敌人扑到那里却遭到伏击。