小学英语语法文献综述

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小学英语教育文献综述范文

小学英语教育文献综述范文

小学英语教育文献综述范文English education in primary schools plays a crucial role in laying a solid foundation for students' language learning and communication skills. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring effective methods and strategies to enhance English language teaching in primary schools. This literature review aims to provide an overview of current research on primary school English education, focusing on key trends, challenges, and best practices.One of the key trends in primary school English education is the shift towards a communicative approach. This approach emphasizes the importance of developing students' speaking and listening skills through interactive activities and real-life communication tasks. Research has shown that students who are exposed to a communicative approach tend to have better language proficiency and confidence in using English.Another important trend in primary school English education is the integration of technology in the classroom. With the advancement of technology, teachers have access to a wide range of digital resources and tools that can enhance language learning. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and online platforms provide opportunities for students to practice their English skills in a fun and engaging way.Despite the many benefits of using technology in English education, there are also challenges that teachers face. One common challenge is the digital divide, where students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have access to the necessary technology at home. This can create inequalities in learning opportunities and hinder students' language development. Additionally, teachers need to be trained in using technology effectively to maximize its potential in the classroom.In order to address these challenges and improve the quality of English education in primary schools, it is important for teachers to adopt best practices in their teaching. One effective strategy is to create a language-rich environment in the classroom, wherestudents are exposed to English language input through songs, stories, and games. This can help students develop their language skills in a natural and immersive way.Another best practice is to provide opportunities for meaningful communication in English. By incorporating pair work, group activities, and role-plays, teachers can create a supportive environment where students feel motivated to use English to communicate with their peers. This can help students build confidence in their language abilities and improve their fluency.In conclusion, primary school English education is a dynamic field that continues to evolve with new trends and challenges. By embracing a communicative approach, integrating technology, and adopting best practices in teaching, teachers can help students develop strong English language skills and prepare them for success in the future. It is essential for educators to stay informed about current research and innovations in English education to ensure that students receive the best possible learning experience.。

论小学英语教学策略的文献综述

论小学英语教学策略的文献综述

论小学英语教学策略的文献综述第一篇:论小学英语教学策略的文献综述文献综述论小学英语教学策略摘要与小学英语单词教学策略有关的研究成果有两大方面:其一是小学生学习特点对外语的影响。

这一类研究主要关于小学生学习语言时的特点以及对学第二外语英语产生的影响。

其二是关于小学英语单词教学策略的研究。

这一类主要是对小学英语教学各环节中教学策略的特点,如何激发学生学习兴趣。

但目前针对小学英语单词教学策略的成果并不广泛。

关键词小学生心理英语教学教学环节学习兴趣与本课题有关的研究主要涉及两方面。

一是小学生学习特点对外语的影响,二是关于小学英语单词教学策略的研究。

一.关于小学生学习特点对外语的影响每个发育正常的儿童在出生后的4~5年内都能学会母语,但在学习第二外语时,同样的时间会有同样的效果吗?儿童学习语言时,有以下几个特征:1.儿童的模仿性。

对于一种语言的习得来自于不断地示范与模仿。

在牙牙学语时,如果想要某样东西,比如糖。

儿童会试着回忆父母亲平时的对话,努力发出“糖”。

当得到肯定的回应后,儿童便会将“糖”与“tang”建立对应关系。

2.儿童的表现性。

当儿童达到父母亲的要求后,正确的说出物体的名字,父母亲会及时的给予鼓励与奖励。

3.儿童的需要性。

儿童自出生后完全处于一种被母语包围的氛围中,父母亲输入的语言是地地道道的母语。

儿童为了满足自己的要求,必须使用能与父母沟通的母语,这种动机使得习得母语成为生活的需要。

综上所述,儿童不管在多么恶劣的语言环境下,都可以学会母语。

但学习英语时儿童的学习效果达不到母语。

1.儿童的模仿性。

儿童的模仿对象大多是学校里的老师但并不是每位老师都有正确的发音。

所以大部分学校提倡跟读录音机。

这样可以给儿童提供一个良好的语音环境。

但在实践过程中,还是存在一些问题。

2儿童的表现性。

在课堂教学活动中,有些已经习得知识的儿童会主动发言,争取老师的鼓励。

但对于一部分没掌握好知识的儿童而言,他们会避免参与英语学习活动,怕出错,被同学嘲笑。

小学英语读写课文献综述范文大全

小学英语读写课文献综述范文大全

小学英语读写课文献综述范文大全全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1A Comprehensive Review of Elementary School English Reading and Writing TextsIntroductionEnglish language learning plays a crucial role in the education system, especially at the elementary school level. Therefore, it is essential for students to have access tohigh-quality reading and writing materials in English to develop their language skills effectively. In this review, we will examine a variety of primary school English reading and writing texts that are commonly used in classrooms.Overview of Texts1. Oxford Reading TreeThe Oxford Reading Tree series is a well-known set of reading materials that are widely used in elementary schools. It consists of various levels that cater to different abilities, making it suitable for students at different stages of languagedevelopment. The stories are engaging and cover a range of topics, which helps to maintain the interest of young learners.2. Phonics BooksPhonics books are also popular choices for teaching reading in elementary schools. These books focus on helping students learn the sounds of letters and how to blend them together to form words. The systematic approach of phonics books helps students develop their foundational reading skills.3. Writing WorkbooksIn addition to reading materials, writing workbooks are essential for developing students' writing skills. These workbooks often provide exercises and activities that help students practice grammar, sentence structure, and vocabulary. Writing workbooks are a valuable resource for teachers to supplement their classroom instruction.4. StorybooksStorybooks are another valuable resource for teaching English reading and writing skills. Not only do they provide students with interesting and engaging stories, but they also help them improve their vocabulary and comprehension skills. Storybooks come in various levels, making it easy for teachers toselect texts that are appropriate for their students' reading abilities.Evaluation of TextsWhen evaluating primary school English reading and writing texts, it is important to consider factors such as readability, engagement, and alignment with curriculum standards. The Oxford Reading Tree series, for example, is praised for its readability and engaging stories, making it a popular choice among teachers and students alike. Phonics books are effective in teaching foundational reading skills, but some students may find them repetitive and tedious. Writing workbooks are valuable for practicing writing skills, but they may not always capture students' interest. Storybooks are generally well-received by students due to their engaging stories, but teachers must ensure that the texts align with the curriculum standards.ConclusionIn conclusion, primary school English reading and writing texts play a vital role in developing students' language skills. By selecting high-quality materials that are engaging,age-appropriate, and aligned with curriculum standards, teachers can effectively support students' language development. The texts reviewed in this article offer valuableresources for teachers to use in their classrooms, helping students build a strong foundation in English language learning.篇2Title: A Comprehensive Review of Elementary School English Reading and Writing TextbooksIntroduction:Elementary school English reading and writing textbooks play a crucial role in laying the foundation for students' language learning. Through these textbooks, students not only acquire essential language skills but also develop a love for reading and writing. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various elementary school English reading and writing textbooks, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses to help educators make informed decisions when choosing materials for their students.McGraw-Hill's "Wonders":One of the most popular elementary school English reading textbooks is McGraw-Hill's "Wonders." This series offers a wide range of engaging texts, vocabulary exercises, and writing prompts that cater to different learning styles. The inclusion of interactive multimedia resources also enhances students'learning experience. However, some critics argue that the texts lack cultural diversity and relevance, which may limit students' exposure to different perspectives.Pearson's "Reading Street":Pearson's "Reading Street" is another widely used elementary school English reading textbook. This series focuses on building students' comprehension skills through various reading strategies and activities. The inclusion of authentic texts and real-world connections helps students apply their learning to practical situations. However, some educators find the pacing of the lessons to be too fast-paced, making it challenging for students to fully grasp the content.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's "Journeys":Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's "Journeys" is a comprehensive elementary school English reading and writing textbook that offers a balanced approach to language learning. This series includes a mix of fiction and non-fiction texts, as well as grammar and vocabulary exercises that reinforce students' understanding of the material. The integration of multimedia resources also helps students engage with the content in a meaningful way. However, some teachers find the lessons to beoverly structured, limiting opportunities for creativity and critical thinking.Scholastic's "Read 180":Scholastic's "Read 180" is a unique elementary school English reading and writing program that caters to struggling readers. This series combines instructional technology with teacher-led lessons to provide targeted support for students with diverse needs. The inclusion of personalized learning paths and progress monitoring tools helps educators track students' growth and tailor instruction to meet their individual needs. However, some critics argue that the program's focus on remediation may overshadow the development of higher-order thinking skills.Conclusion:In conclusion, elementary school English reading and writing textbooks play a vital role in shaping students' language learning experiences. Educators should carefully evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each textbook to ensure that they meet the diverse needs of their students. By choosing materials that are engaging, culturally relevant, and developmentally appropriate, educators can help students develop essential language skills and a lifelong love for reading and writing.篇3Title: A Comprehensive Review of Elementary English Reading and Writing TextsIntroductionIn elementary school, English reading and writing are foundational skills that students need to develop. Reading and writing classes play a crucial role in language acquisition and literacy development for young learners. In this review, we will examine a range of English reading and writing texts commonly used in elementary schools and evaluate their effectiveness in helping students improve their language skills.Reading TextsReading texts in elementary English classes typically focus on building vocabulary, comprehension, and critical thinking skills. The texts range from simple stories and poems to informational texts and excerpts from classic literature. Some popular reading texts for elementary students include "Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?" by Bill Martin Jr., "Charlotte's Web" by E.B. White, and "Green Eggs and Ham" by Dr. Seuss.These texts are carefully selected to engage young readers and facilitate their understanding of the English language. They often incorporate colorful illustrations, interactive activities, and comprehension questions to enhance students' reading experience. Additionally, reading texts may include audio recordings or online resources to support students' pronunciation and listening skills.Writing TextsWriting texts in elementary English classes aim to develop students' writing proficiency, creativity, and communication skills. Students are encouraged to write stories, descriptive paragraphs, letters, and essays on various topics that interest them. Writing texts often provide writing prompts, graphic organizers, and grammar exercises to help students organize their thoughts and improve their writing mechanics.Popular writing texts for elementary students include "My First Grader Writing Handbook" by Scholastic, "Jumpstarters for Writing" by Mark Twain Media, and "The Writing Revolution" by Judith C. Hochman and Natalie Wexler. These texts offerstep-by-step guidance on the writing process, from brainstorming and drafting to revising and editing. They alsoemphasize the importance of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure in effective writing.ConclusionIn conclusion, English reading and writing texts for elementary students play a crucial role in shaping their language skills and academic success. By selecting high-quality texts that are engaging, informative, and interactive, teachers can help students develop their reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and language fluency. With the right resources and support, elementary students can become confident and proficient readers and writers who are well-prepared for academic and professional success.。

学到的语法聚客实效性研究的文献综述

学到的语法聚客实效性研究的文献综述

学到的语法聚客实效性研究的文献综述语音、词汇、语法是英语教学中的三大重要板块内容。

英语语法多且复杂,是英语学习中最难的一个板块。

也正是因为英语语法学习难度高,因而教师多是采用灌输的方式,学生学习起来不仅感到无聊,也难以消化和吸收。

作为新课改下的英语教师,必须全面优化英语语法教学,以提高语法教学效果。

本文拟结合新译林版小学英语语法教学实例,深入分析如何让学生快乐轻松学习语法,让学生不再惧怕语法学习。

一、创设真实情境,激发语法学习兴趣语法学习切不可给学生抽象空泛的感觉,以免增强学生的畏难情绪。

结合学生的年龄特点,只有在比较真实的情境中感受语法内容,才能更好地促进其消化吸收。

如果教师按照以往的方式,先讲解语法内容,让学生孤立地理解语法,那么教学效果肯定会大打折扣。

为此,教师要优化英语语法教学方法,引进情境法,将情境和语法学习有机结合在一起,从而将学生的语法学习兴趣激发出来。

例如,在学习小学英语四年级下册中的Unit7What’sthematter这一单元时,教师以真实的情境带动学生的语法学习情绪。

本单元很重要的一个语法句型就是“What’sthematter”,与之相近的,可以互换使用的是“what’swrongwithyou”。

在教学时,教师并非直接引出两个语法句型,而是利用多媒体创设情境。

教师向学生播放关于发烧和感冒生病就医的情景,对话分别运用到了What’sthematter和what’swrongwithyou 两个句型,并且在视频屏幕中展示出来。

教师让学生观察总结:医生在询问病人情况时分别用了什么句型呢?由此,学生很快回答出两个句型。

紧接着,教师将What’sthematter和what’swrongwithyou 写在黑板上,让学生对比学习,学生很快发现第一个句型有the,而第二个却没有,由此掌握了其用法。

通过以真实情境的方式引出语法内容,能够让学生轻松学习语法知识。

更为重要的是,在情境中学习语法,也能够启发学生将句型运用到生活实处,从而真正达到学以致用的目的。

英文作文文献综述

英文作文文献综述

英文作文文献综述1. The study by Smith et al. (2018) examined the impact of social media use on mental health among adolescents. The findings suggested a significant correlation between excessive use of social media and increased levels of anxiety and depression in this age group.2. In their research, Johnson and Brown (2017) explored the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. The results indicated that regular exercise not only improved overall cognitive abilities but also reduced the risk of developing dementia in later life.3. The article by Chen et al. (2019) delved into the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction. The study revealed that individuals who practiced mindfulness experienced lower levels of stress and reported a greater sense of well-being compared to those who did not engage in such activities.4. A recent investigation by Lee and Kim (2020) investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in college students. The findings demonstrated a clear negative association between lack of sleep and lower grades, highlighting the importance of adequate rest for cognitive functioning.5. The research conducted by Garcia and Martinez (2016) focused on the benefits of bilingualism on cognitive development in children. Their study found that bilingual individuals exhibited enhanced problem-solving abilities and a greater capacity for multitasking compared to monolinguals.6. The study by Wang et al. (2018) examined the relationship between smartphone use and attention span in young adults. The results indicated that prolonged use of smartphones was linked to a decline in attention span and an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).7. In their investigation, Patel and Gupta (2019) explored the impact of music therapy on patients with chronic pain. Their findings suggested that music therapy not only provided relief from pain but also contributed to improved mood and overall quality of life for individuals suffering from long-term pain conditions.8. The article by Turner et al. (2017) discussed the effects of dietary habits on mental health outcomes. Their research revealed that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains was associated with lower rates of depression and anxiety, highlighting the importance of nutrition in mental well-being.。

关于英语教学的文献综述范文

关于英语教学的文献综述范文

关于英语教学的文献综述范文Title: A Literature Review on English Language Teaching Methodologies.English language teaching (ELT) has been a subject of interest and research for decades, with a wide range of methodologies and approaches emerging over time. This literature review aims to explore and synthesize theexisting research on ELT, focusing on the various teaching methodologies and their effectiveness in different contexts.The first section of this review explores thetraditional teaching methods that have been widely used in ELT. These include the Grammar-Translation Method, theDirect Method, and the Audio-Lingual Method. Each of these methods has its own unique characteristics and advantages, but they also have limitations that have been criticized by modern ELT researchers.The second section delves into the more modern teachingmethodologies that have emerged in recent years. These include Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). These methods focus more on the student's active participation and communication in the target language, rather than simply memorizing grammar rules and vocabulary. Research has shown that these methods are more effective in improving students' language proficiency and motivation to learn.The third section compares and contrasts the different teaching methodologies, discussing their strengths and weaknesses. It also explores the factors that influence the effectiveness of each method, such as the learners' background, the teaching context, and the teachers'training and qualifications.The final section of this review suggests future directions for ELT research. It argues that more research is needed to understand how different teaching methodologies can be effectively combined and adapted to meet the specific needs of different learners. It alsocalls for more research on the use of technology in ELT, as well as on the role of teachers' professional developmentin improving teaching quality.In conclusion, this literature review has provided a comprehensive overview of the different teaching methodologies used in ELT. It has shown that while traditional methods have their place, modern methodologies that focus on active participation and communication are more effective in improving students' language proficiency. Future research should focus on combining and adapting these methods to meet the needs of different learners, as well as exploring the role of technology and teacher development in ELT.Overall, the field of ELT is constantly evolving, with new methodologies and approaches emerging to meet the changing needs of learners. It is crucial for teachers and researchers to stay up-to-date with the latest research and developments in order to provide effective and engaging language teaching that meets the needs of their students.。

整体语言观下的小学英语词汇教学研究【文献综述】

整体语言观下的小学英语词汇教学研究【文献综述】

整体语言观下的小学英语词汇教学研究【文献综述】毕业论文文献综述小学英语教育整体语言观下的小学英语词汇教学研究一、引言词汇是语言的三要素(语音、词汇、语法)之一,是语言的基本材料,离开词汇就无法表达思想。

没有足够的词汇就不能有效地进行听、说、读、写,就无法有效地用英语进行交际。

掌握足够的词汇是成功运用外语的关键学习者能否掌握好词汇与词汇教学有关。

当前,我们的小学所采用常用的词汇教学方法主要是将词汇作为一种“知识”进行教学。

该教学法在一定程度上为学生的外语学习打下了比较扎实的基础,使他们能够在认读和写单词方面取得了不小的进步,但是另外一方面,这种将词汇教学作为一种“知识”进行教学的方式也使词汇教学——这一本应将词汇的听、说、读、写同时落实的过程,割裂了原先该词汇与语音、语法和句子之间的关系,更使词汇的教与学脱离了语言学习应该具备的特性,即情景性、整体性、意义性和交际性。

另外也有一些教师主要到“语篇”的重要性,使词汇教学的方式有所改变与创新,在一定程度上丰富了课堂,也调动了学生的学习积极性。

但即使是这些有“语篇”意识的词汇教学,也很大程度上仅仅停留在用“情景”进行教学这一层次上,缺乏用语言来学习其他事物或者学习跨学科知识等更高一层次。

因此,针对词汇学习的特点和当前词汇教学存在的问题,我认为,整体语言下的词汇教学更能帮助7-13岁的孩子加强词汇学习,提高词汇学习的效率,并能让他们真正得到语言知识和交际能力。

二、国内外相关课题的研究1、相关的词汇教学法1.1情境教学法,故事教学法故事情境教学法是指利用所学的词汇和句型为主干,创设符合小学生心理年龄和需求的故事情境来进行教学,可运用一切可以利用的资源,如声音、图片,肢体语言、多媒体等,以达到"词不离句"、"句不离篇"的教学效果。

它以故事情节为教学载体,以兴趣为支点,以学生为中心,以交际为目的,把教学目标渗透其中,把教学内容融合其中。

小学英语家庭作业文献综述范文

小学英语家庭作业文献综述范文

小学英语家庭作业文献综述范文As a primary school English homework document creator, it is important to understand the significance of providing comprehensive literature reviews for students. A well-written literature review can not only help students enhance their understanding of the topic but also improve their writing skills and critical thinking abilities.When conducting a literature review for primary school English homework, it is essential to focus on the key themes and concepts covered in the assigned readings. By summarizing and analyzing the main ideas presented in the texts, students can develop a deeper understanding of the material and make connections between different sources.In addition to summarizing the content of the readings, it is also important to evaluate the quality and credibility of the sources. This involves assessing the author's credentials, the publication date, and the relevance of the information to the topic at hand. By critically evaluating the sources, students can develop a more nuanced understanding of the material and avoid relying on unreliable or biased information.Furthermore, a literature review should also include a discussion of the main arguments and perspectives presented in the readings. By comparing and contrasting the different viewpoints, students can develop a more well-rounded understanding of the topic and engage in critical analysis of the material. This can help students develop their own opinions and arguments based on the evidence presented in the readings.In conclusion, a well-written literature review is an essential component of primary school English homework. By summarizing, analyzing, and evaluating the key themes and concepts presented in the readings, students can enhance their understanding of the material and improve their writing and critical thinking skills. By following these guidelines, students can develop a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the topic at hand.。

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浅谈小学英语语法教学的研究综述教师教育学院小教08英语周青指导老师:胡锋吉【摘要】现在很多人对小学英语语法教学的认识存在误区,认为小学英语教学只有一条原则,就是培养兴趣,语法不要碰或者少碰。

甚至很多老师也“谈语法教学而色变”,他们认为小学阶段只要学生能够套用课本句型进行交际就算达到了教学的目标,语法不用再教了,进行语法教学就意味着违背了新课标的精神。

【关键字】语法小学英语教学综述小学英语语法教学一直都被英语教师忽视的一个环节,认为学生只要能交际就可以。

但在教学中也不难发现,学生在口语表达时时常出现这样或那样的语法错误。

如:I am girl. He like singing. She mother is a doctor等。

这些不和谐因子的出现干扰了学生对语言的正确理解,阻碍了语言运用能力的进一步提高。

尤其是在小学高年级的教材中出现了许多的语法知识,例如名词单复数、4个基本的时态、句子的种类,等等。

这么多的语法知识如果不能及时得到梳理,学生就无法正确地使用语言,用英语进行交际就变成了空谈。

如果说学习英语是在建构语言大厦,积累词句是添砖加瓦,知晓文化是装潢设计,了解语法就是搭骨建架。

学习语法到底重不重要?如何将枯燥的语法变得生动活泼,便于学生学习?……这些问题都值得我们去深思。

一、小学英语语法教学的必要性1、小学英语课堂中学生掌握语法是十分必要的《新课标》中提出,此次英语课程改革的特点是要改变传统英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向,发展学生的综合语言运用的能力,并积极倡导任务型教学模式。

但如果只注重语言的交际能力,而不关注语言中语法规律的学习,那么提高综合语言运用的能力必将是空中楼阁。

所以刘道义指出,任务型教学模式并不排斥交际型语言训练,并且在任务型教学中如果完全不搞语言操练,不教语法,那英语教学势必会出现困难,也不利于学生知识的建构。

早期在加拿大等国家和地区开展的浸入式教学表明,如果不关注语言形式不教语法,那么学生就不能充分掌握某些语法特征。

[1]2、从小学英语现状看,掌握语法是学生所必须的彭青青结合了我国小学英语教学的实际情况之后指出,我国小学生的母语水平与英语水平相去甚远,学生在课外几乎没有什么机会说英语,即使在课堂上这种机会也很有限。

因为班级容量实在是太大了,五六十个人的班级比比皆是。

面对这种情况,如果教师仍然淡化语法甚至不教语法,学生又怎么能学得会学得好呢?[2]而邱岚在分析研究近70余节英语课之后也指出,制约当前小学英语教学质量和效率的最根本因素就是对语言规律教学的忽视。

教师对语言规律,特别是语法规律的传授不知道如何把握,回避这些规律给学生牢固地掌握语言,正确地使用语言带来了极大障碍。

[3]3、从小学英语教材内容来看,学生有必要掌握一定的语法知识邱岚指出,我国小学英语教材中大量存在语法知识点,根据语法按功能进行如下分类:表达存在,表达情感(喜好),表达数量,表达时间,询问信息等。

很明显,教师如若能通过研讨教材,梳理出其中的规律,较好地把握语法教学的量和度,适当运用有效的教学途径和方法,引导学生掌握这些规律是能促进英语学习的。

(这里不是该有个引用)学生在缺乏语言环境的条件下学英语,只有掌握系统的语言知识,才能事半功倍,提高英语学习效率,增强运用英语进行交际的准确性。

[3]小结:从上述学者的观点中,我可以看出语法教学对于小学生掌握外语是非常有必要的。

语言的规律有助于他们能够准确灵活的运用语言进行交流互动,为接下来的学习打下坚实的基础。

二、学习的理论基础1、语言学理论近年来,很多学者提出:人们使用语言的能力主要不是通过学习(learning)获得的,而是通过习得(acquisition)后获得的。

每个人生来具备学习语言的潜能,只能通过大量有效的语言输入,利用语境来让学生灵活运用规律表达意义,就会将语言规律内化形成语言,继而会创造性地运用语言。

因此,想要提高语言教学质量不仅在“教”上下功夫,而且要在学习用习得语言的策略上想办法。

可以通过大量有效的语言信息输入,使学生在自然、丰富的语言环境中习得语言。

邱岚也指出语法知识作为语言学习的框架应该在语言习得的环境中有所提高,语言环境也必须注重语法知识的积累和提高。

[3]2、教育学相关理论《新课标》提倡任务型教学,而所谓任务型教学是指以具体的任务为学习动力或动机,以完成任务的过程为学习的过程,以展示任务成果的方式来体现教学成就的一种教学方式。

[7]邱岚指出,小学生具有好奇、好动、爱表现和善模仿等特点。

他们喜欢新鲜事物,喜欢引起别人的注意,重视老师的表扬,不怕犯错,很少有害羞情感。

任务型教学正是符合小学生的心理和生理特点。

教师从学生“学”的角度设计教学任务,使学生的学习活动具有明确的目标,让学生通过与学习伙伴合作去完成任务,从而最大限度地调动和发挥学生的内在潜力,提高其发现问题和解决问题的能力,让学生在完成任务的过程中体验成功的喜悦和实现自我价值。

[3]3、教育心理学的相关理论赵南从认知心理学角度出发,指出学习的积极态度能促使学生在学习中积极思维,并从中培养起学习兴趣。

自进入小学后,学习就成为具体运算阶段学习者的主导活动。

随着年龄的增长,儿童的学习在各方面也在不断地发展着。

影响儿童成功学习的因素主要是儿童学习的积极性和儿童的学习能力。

儿童学习的积极性包括学习动机、学习兴趣和学习态度等。

这些积极性的发挥在很大程度上取决于教师的科研能力、责任心、创造力以及人格魅力。

如何最大限度地提高儿童英语学习的积极性和英语学习能力也成了小学阶段英语教学工作的重中之重。

儿童语法教学的认知心理学策略研究都是建立在以快乐、积极为宗旨,集知识性趣味性于一身的英语教学的基础之上的。

儿童的天性是活泼的、好动的、思维也是分散式的。

这就对英语教师课程设计、教学环节、应用手段及教学途径等各个方面都提出了挑战。

基础阶段英语教学的关键在于“以人为本”,“因材施教”,脱离了这一前提,忽视新世纪素质教育的深刻内涵,任何再“理想化”的教学方法都会流于形式。

[8]建构主义理论是当今西方教育心理学的最新理论,影响力颇大。

其核心的观点是:学生是知识的建构者,教师是学生构建知识的支持者,教学过程不是学习者被动地接受知识,而是积极地建构知识的过程。

他主张学习者不应被动地接受知识的传递,而应基于自己与世界相互作用的独特经验去构建自己的知识,并赋予经验以意义。

他强调学习的积极性,建设性,累积性,目标指引性,诊断性,与探究性,情境性,社会性,以及内在驱动性的学习等。

[9]小结:相关的理论基础为进一步阐述语法的教学作了铺垫。

小学生的特点是活泼好动的,他们容易接受一些新鲜的、有趣味性的东西。

从儿童的心理出发,采用任务型教学的模式,不仅符合小学生的心理特点,还能激发他们的学习热情,使他们能够自主的学习,最终能将知识内化,实现全面的发展。

三、小学英语语法教学原则与方法1、语法教学的原则①引导适当的原则。

教师在讲解语言规律要适时适量,解释清楚就可以了,不要罗嗦,费时费力太多,反而弄巧成拙,导致孩子糊涂及生厌。

邱岚指出,有些教师认为只有把语法知识尽可能详细地解释,才能保证孩子运用的正确性,而且往往把孩子犯的语言错误归因于讲得不够。

其实,学英语就像学游泳和驾车一样,太多的理论解释反而适得其反,最关键的就是实践、实际、再实践。

而且,孩子的抽象思维能力还没有完全发展,这方面的能力比不上成人,在涉及语言规律的解释时更应该特别注意适当引导。

要根据规律与意义的联系,设计交际任务、教学目标、教学内容,同时新课程标准倡导的“以人为本”的理念要求教师的教学设计与教学活动都要符合学生的本能和天性。

[3]②显性和隐形相结合的原则在语法教学方面,外国教育专家提出了两种方法:“Explicit grammar teaching”(显性语法教学)和“Implicit grammar teaching”(隐性语法教学)。

[4]前者侧重在教学中直接谈论语法规则,语法教学目的直接明显;后者则在教学中避免直接谈论所学的语法规则,主要通过情景让学生体验语言,通过对语言的交际性运用归纳出语法规则。

外国教育家指出“Explicit grammar teaching”需要运用抽象的思维能力,对智力还在发展的孩子采用“Implicit grammar teaching”的方法更为合适。

但邱岚认为,显性与隐形语法教学各有优势,两者并不矛盾。

使用隐性语法教学避免学生陷入满堂灌的局面,减少过于严肃机械的练习,提供机会让孩子在有意义、生动有趣的情景中练习和运用所学的新项目。

例如做游戏、任务型教学法等等。

但隐性语法教学与显性语法教学相结合,则可以使学生有意识的学习语法知识的同时在语言运用中内化语言结构,从而习得语言。

【3】③意义先行原则英国教育专家Jayne Moon(2000)的研究表明,孩子具有"Go for meaning"的天性,即在学习语言时,孩子的注意力通常首先放在语言的意义上,他们很少注意到语言形式或语言规则。

而且,孩子在特定的情景中获悉语言意义的能力很强。

由于孩子的关注点在语言的意义上,如果在开始授课时,教师首先谈论语法规则,势必导致他们不感兴趣。

在教学中,我们要利用孩子的天性来帮助他们学习语言,才能真正做到"以人为本"。

在语法教学上,英国专家提倡采用这样的教学顺序:首先,让孩子在一个有意义的情景中理解所教语法项目的意义;然后,提供足够的机会让孩子在较真实的语境中进行交际性活动,运用所学的语法项目;最后,在孩子理解并会运用的基础上,教师把孩子的注意力吸引到语法规则上来,进一步巩固所学的内容。

[5]2、语法教学的方法对在英语语法教学中,经常使用的教学方法进行了一个归纳。

①视觉感知,使语法概念生动化、形象化俞林指出,小学生具备良好的形象思维能力, 对他们来说, 由眼睛带来的体会是印象最深刻、最容易理解的。

让语法呈现形象化、直观化, 在形象感知中逐步体验语法规则。

由视觉感知带来形象思维, 符合小学生认知规律。

图画法、表格法、简笔画就属于这一范畴。

这类方法适合教学名词复数形式; There are be句型; 过去时和比较级。

[6]②自编童谣、歌曲,学习语法规律邱岚指出,依据针对性原则,不同年龄段的学生有各异的学习内容与学习特点,三、四年级学生多采用韵诗诵读来学习巩固语法规律,效果较好,既体会语言的美感,也能使学生对所要掌握的语言知识形成兴趣,引起重视,在反复朗读中加深记忆,从而掌握语法规律。

在节奏鲜明,富于韵律感的歌谣中学习语法,能起到事半功倍的效果。

[3]③运用任务型教学,巧妙创设教学情境邱岚改提出,传统的外语教学过多强调语言,忽略语言功能,往往把语言形式从语境和情境中脱离出来。

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