硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷

硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷

Part One: Vocabulary （10 points）

1. The major portion of writer John White's work was in social criticism.

A. goal

B. subject

C. part

D. publication

2. By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenue to run the government .

A. eliminated

B. allocated

C. increased

D. decreased

3. Eric Smith was one of the first artists to paint landscapes in Australia.

A. lawns

B. barns

C. sceneries

D. vegetation

4. In 1795 John Jay resigned his position as the first chief justice of the United States and became a state governor.

A. advertised

B. geared

C. forsook

D. rearranged

5.They never altered or revised what they wrote because that would have interfered with the purity of their creation.

A. fragility

B. integrity

C. dignity

D. simplicity

6. Such essentially different stimuli as cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.

A. illness

B. glad

C. sorrow

D. disgust

7. Over the years, countless storytellers have been narrating tales that entertain their listeners as well as teach them a lesson.

A. educated

B. innumerable

C. uncalculating

D. competitive

8. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.

A. antibody

B. viruses C; traits D. flaws

9. The main feature of the telegraph were developed by two inventors, but it was Samuel Morse who successfully synthesized their ideas.

A. financed

B. publicized

C. integrated

D. conformed

10. The architect Susan Irons believed that a building should be designed to fit its function and its location.

A. enhance

B. decorate

C. alternate with

D. conform to

11. Now that you've read that sentence, reread the one that ______.

A. proceeds

B. advances

C. marches

D. precedes

12. You should dry-clean curtains if possible, as they are less likely to.

______.

A. diminish

B. decrease

C. reduce

D. shrink

13. For the most part rocks are not built up by deposition but broken down by ____

A. erosion

B. evaporation

C. evolution

D. explosion

14. ______ person favours thorough and complete reforms in social and political systems.

A. A radical

B. An advanced

C. A fundamental

D. An exotic

15. Einstein was a man of uncommonly ______ intelligence.

A. abnormal

B. ambient

C. ambitious

D. acute

16. We watched the mists______ from the valley.

A. climbing

B. elapsing

C. crawling

D. ascending

17. They rented the old house on the ______ that the landlord would paint it.

A. assumption

B. impression

C. succession

D. suggestion

18. Many men lost their jobs during the business _____.

A. deposition

B. depression

C. breakdown

D. disturbance

19. The______ of military secrets cannot always be prevented.

A. drainage

B. extraction

C. revenge

D. leakage

20. Mining industries in this country have excellent ______.

A. prospects

B. parameters

C. peculiarities

D. Profiles

Part II: Cloze （10 points ）

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

American cities are 21 other cities around the world. In every country , cities reflect the 22 of the culture . Cities contain the very 23 aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also 24 the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial conflict, and poverty. American cities are changing, just 25 American society.

After World War II , the population of 26 large American cities decreased;

27 the population in many Sun Belt cities increased . Los Angeles, the and Houston are cities 28 population increased. These population shifts to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. During this time, in the 29 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier, more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more 30 . They moved out their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the 31 , areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American "dream" was to have a house on the outskirts.

Now things are changing. The children of the people who 32 the cities in the 1950s are now adults. They, 33 their parents, want to live in the cities. 34 continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt. Cities are 35 and the population is increasing in 36 states as Texas, Florida, and California. Others are moving to more 37 cities of the Northeast and Midwest, such as Boston, Baltimore and Chicago. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city. They prefer the city 38 the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage ; or they just 39 the

excitement and opportunities which the city offers. A new class is moving into the cities-a wealthier, 40 mobile class.

21. A. different from B similar to C. better than D. worse than

22. A. values B. worth C. importance D. expenses

23. A. well B. good C. better D. best

24. A. maintain B. obtain C. contain D. sustain

25. A. likely B. as C. while D. when

26. A. all B. most C. few D.much

27. A. but B. and C. however D. although

28. A]its [B] which [C] where [D] that

29. [A] late [B] later [C] lately [D] latter

30. [A] space [B] spots [C] time [D] food

31. [A] outskirts [B] downtown [C] districts [D] suburbs

32. [A] departed [B] left [C] reached [D] entered

33. [A] likely [B] like [C] dislike [D] unlike

34. [A] Some [B] All [C] Several [D] Lots of

35. [A] stretching [B] widening [C] expanding [D] prolonging

36. [A] such [B] these [C] those [D] many

37. [A] organized [B] famous [C] official [D] established

38. [A] than [B] better than[C] rather than[D] to

39. [A] win [B] enjoy [C] earn [D] acquire

40. [A] very [B] and [C] more [D] or

Part Three: Reading Comprehension （30 points ）

Passage 1

Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today. By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.

By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose "flextime, flexplace" arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.

In the United States, the so-called "digital divice" seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.

Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.

Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behi nd. 80 % of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.

In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.

By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.

Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.

Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasi ngly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.

Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity. Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require

a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any filed, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any jo

b can offer.

41. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT___D__.

A. American management personnel

B. European management personnel

C. American people' s choice of career

D. traditional practice at work

42. "Digital divice" in the 4th paragraph refers to __B___.

A. the gap in terms of computer ownership

B. the tendency of computer ownership

C. the dividing line based on digits

D. the ethnic distinction among American household

43. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage? B

A. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.

B. By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.

C. By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.

D. By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.

44. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage? C

A. Future careers.

B. Nature of future work.

C. Ethnic differences.

D. Schools and libraries.

45. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ___C__ in an increasingly high-tech world,

A. the variety of education

B. the content of education

C. the need for education

D. the function of education

Passage 2

Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less. The initial stages of both journeys are filled with enthusiasms, indulgences, and a fairly consistent closing of the eyes to that which may later become, if not unacceptable, at the very least unpalatable.

No law of casualty exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odds depend on the length and the rigorousness of the trip. Some friendships have strength that will withstand even travel; others, based on happenstance, are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution.

Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all, but entirely different rules of travel prevail. Compromises and concessions, demands and entreaties to and from such companions clearly stem from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company.

Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, in single blessedness, unencumbered and swiftly pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious: a congenial fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. If the threat of loneliness is frightening, even a grumpy companion will foretell that, and quite often bring you to the point where you devoutly wish you were alone.

Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one cardinal rule: both travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.

46. According to the author, compared with choosing a marriage partner, choosing a travel companion is _D____.

A) just as difficult as it B) is possibly easier than it

C) is perhaps less certain than it D) is perhaps less uncertain than it

47. Travel will give us a chance to __B___.

A) become strong and vigorous B) testify our friendship

C) see who is our enemy D) lose a friend

48. The travel companion the author refers to is ___D__.

A) anybody you meet B) a spirtual friend

C) an intimate friend D) anybody who shares a trip simply for partnership

49 . The author thinks that ___C__.

A) unlike intimate friends, travel companion needn't make many compromises and concessions

B) travel companions will add to the delights and pays half the bills

C) it is possible to foretell whether two people will get along on the trip

D) the advantages of choosing a travel companion are at least as great as those of traveling alone

50. We can infer from the passage that __C___.

A) a friend in need is a friend indeed

B) opposite types of people attract each other

C) like-minded people should make good travel companions

D) even intimate friends have arguments

Passage 3

Spelunking has been called "mountain climbing upside down in the dark. " However, this description is

not entirely accurate. The mountain climber knows where he is going. He climbs a mountain because it is there. A spelunker, on the other hand, doesn't know what is there. All he sees when he enters a wild cave is a hole in the surface of the earth - a very dark hole. Once he gets inside he may find it runs only a few hundred feet or, like one cave in Switzerland, more than 35 miles. He may find big hall, subway like tunnels, rivers or strange and beautiful limestone formations.

Some spelunkers have become famous, or their discoveries. Several years ago Norbert Castreet, a Frenchman, was exploring a cave that had a rapidly flowing underground river. He followed the river until it went under a cave wall and disappeared. Wearing a bathing suit and a rubber cap, he dived into the river. He surfaced on the other side of the cave wall and found in a huge hall untouched and undisturbed for tens of thousands of years.

My wife and I became spelunkers almost by accident. We were driving down the Pan-American Highway to Mexico City when I noticed several black openings up in the mountains near the road. I stopped and asked what they were, and learned that they were a network of large caves. Following a guide, we were climbing slowly up the mountain. When we reached the top, a large opening appeared under an overhanging cliff. Inside was a smaller hole covered by a wooden door. Taking a gasoline lamp in one hand, the guide opened the door. We followed him down the smooth cement steps. Stra nge shapes moved on the walls as his lamp swung back and forth at each step.

This was a limestone cave, formed hundreds of thousands of years ago by the slow dripping of water through the cracks of the rock. The guide pointed out formations that looked like horses, tigers, hands and plants.

When we left the cave about an hour later, we saw a sign mentioning the National Speleological Society. Our interest awakened, we noted the address and wrote for further information, the reply informed that there were " Grottoes" local chapters of the society, all over the United States. We joined one that was near our home. Soon we were making out first trip through a wild, unmapped cave. That was 12 years ago. Since then I have explored caves in Europe, Central and South America, and all over the United States.

51. According to the passage, the difference between spelunking and mountain climbing lies in the fact that ___A__.

A) people do not know where to go in the former case and where to go in the latter case

B) people go downward in the former case and go upward in the latter case

C) it is more dangerous to do spelunking than mountain climbing

D) spelunking is more exciting than mountain climbing

52. Which of the following statements is true? C

A) Norbert Castreet was famous for its discoveries of new caves.

B) The cave Norbert Castreet explored is famous for its underwater river.

C) Norbert Castreet discovered a very old huge hall that was situated on the other side of the wall of the cave.

D) The old hall Norbert Castreet discovered has been used as a hidden place of some pirates.

53. The author and his wife __D___.

A) had planned carefully before they started their first spelunking

B) were convinced by their friends that spelunking was a good sport

C) spent more time looking for a suitable cave to start their first exploration

D) explored their first cave rather unexpectedly

54. The author and his wife explored their first cave __A___.

A) for several hours B) independently

C) just for a short time D) with a guide and a guard

55. How did the author and his wife join the society of spelunking? B

A) Recommended by their friends. B) Intrigued by an advertisement.

C) Encouraged by an article in the newspaper.

D) Attracted by a local chapter of the society.

Passage 4

Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.

There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes - the link between the two halves of the brain.

The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?

Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhandling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.

But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.

If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.

We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.

56; Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.

B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.

C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.

D. The structural differences in the brain between the sexes has long been known.

57. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _____ factors.

A. biological

B. psychological

C. physical

D. social

58. "These differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in _____.

A. skills of men and women

B. school subjects

C. the brain structure of men and women

D. activities carried out by the brain

59. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on _____.

A. the brain structure as a whole

B. the functioning of part of the brain

C. the distinction between the sexes

D. the effects of the corpus callosum

60. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.

B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.

C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.

D. To suggest new areas in brain research.

Passage 5

Few issues are as clear as the one that drew a quarter-million Americans to the Lincoln Memorial 30 years ago this August 28. "America has given the Negro people a bad check", the nation was told. It has promised quality but delivered second-class citizenship because of race. Few orators could define the justice as eloquently as Martin Luther King Jr. , whose words on that sweltering day re-main etched in the public consciousness:" I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. "

The march on Washington had been the dream of a black labor leader, A. Philip Randolph, who was a potent figure in the civil-rights movement. But it was King who emerged as the symbol of the black people's struggle. His "I have a dream" speech struck such an emotional chord that recordings of it were made, sold, bootlegged and resold within weeks of its delivery. The magic of the moment was that it gave white American a new prospective on black American and pushed civil rights forward on the nation's agenda.

When the march was planned by a coalition of civil rights, union and church leaders, nothing quite like it had ever been seen. Tens of thousands of blacks streamed into the nation's capital by car, bus, train and foot, an invading army of the disfranchised singing freedom songs and demanding rights. By their very members, they forced the world's greatest democracy to face an embarrassing question: How could America continue on a course that denied so many the simple amenities of a water fountain or a lunch counter? Or the most essential element of democracy-the vote?

Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. The gap persists between the quality of black life and white. The urban underclass has grown more entrenched. Bias remains. And the nation is jarred from time to time by

sensational cases stemming from racial hate. But the clarity of the 1963 issue is gone: No longer do governors stand in schoolhouse doors. Nor do signs bar blacks from restaurants or theaters. It is illegal to deny African-Americans the vote. There are 7 500 black elected officials, including 338 mayors and 40 members of Congress, plus a large black middle class. And we are past the point when white American must look to one eloquent leader to answer the question: "What does the Negro want?"

The change is reflected in the variety of causes on the wish list of this year's anniversary march on Washington. Health care reform. Job training. Religious freedom for American Indians. Statehood for the District of Columbia. Head Start for young people. Security for the disabled. And an end to racism. The compelling issue of 1963-discrimination-today is more a matter of dark hearts than evil laws. And the legislative agenda of modern-day marchers is American, not black.

61. According to the passage, the recordings of King's speech became a best-seller largely because ____.

A] the march was a dream of the black people in US

B) it presented a new way of looking at Afro-Americans

C) tens of thousands of people listened to the speech

D) the speech was basically dressed to the black people

62. From the passage we learn that the original march on Washington

____.

A) highlighted the hypocrisy of America's democratic system

B) was made up of one particular segment of black society

C) reflected previous demonstrations D) was also attended by white people

63. "Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. " The underlined part means that

A) the questions now concern American Indians B) racial hate in the US is diminishing

C) the future is promising for the issue of human rights

D) the clarity between the black and white is gone

64. It is implied at the end of the passage that ____.

A) color discrimination is no longer a problem

B) existing laws against racial discrimination need amending

C) present-day causes of protest are more diversified than before

D) all black Americans have become better off

Part Four: Translation

Section A (10 points)

Direction: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.Write your translatin on the ANSWER SHEET.

The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precise

details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor,

and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz List and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celbrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse.

Section B (10 points)

Direction: Read the following sentences carefully. Then translate them into Chinese.Write your translatins on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。

2.这本书以尖锐的视角展示了中产阶级的非洲裔美国人的国内生活，以及奴隶制与种族

歧视的残余影响。

3.那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地的居民

带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

4.这为傲慢的年轻人太挑剔了，他对这本小说中的任何人物角色都难以认同。

5.每个人的一生中都会有一些失败，但整天生活在痛苦中是没有用的，只有正视现实、

仔细分析失败原因才有可能取得成功。

Part Four Writing (10 points)

Dirctions: In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should reform their traditional mode of education. Requring students to appear at a designated time and place is no longer an effective or efficient way of teaching for most undergraduates. Now write a composition of about 150 words to express your viewpoint about the opinion above.