英语翻译基本理论PPT课件
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《英语翻译》PPT课件
• 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际 目的。（张泽乾）
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8
The Definition of Translation
• Semantic views on translation:
• Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark)
• 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种 语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非)
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The Criteria for Translation
• General laws of translation (Tytler) • 1. The translation should give a complete
A branch of science
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2
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
傅雷
An art
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The Nature of Translation 孙迎春
skill/craft/instrument
-- Eugene Nida
所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最 切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
--尤金.奈达
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The Definition of Translation
• Communicative views on translation:
• The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the original source language readers. (Newmark)
英语翻译PPT课件
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Compound Sentence
Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha’s. 许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。
12
Simple Sentence
Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection.
这种火车上有华丽的卧室、浴室、餐厅和 起居室，宛如小型宫殿，真是可供国王使 用。
10
Simple Sentence
The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor (恍惚). She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen (肿胀的) feet.
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Simple Sentence
The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet. 门没锁上，她走了进去，呆呆地坐了下 来，极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红 肿的双脚。
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Simple Sentence
These trains had beautiful bedrooms, bathrooms, dining rooms, and sitting rooms. They were like little palaces, really fit for a king.
Compound Sentence
Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha’s. 许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。
12
Simple Sentence
Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection.
这种火车上有华丽的卧室、浴室、餐厅和 起居室，宛如小型宫殿，真是可供国王使 用。
10
Simple Sentence
The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor (恍惚). She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen (肿胀的) feet.
11
Simple Sentence
The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet. 门没锁上，她走了进去，呆呆地坐了下 来，极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红 肿的双脚。
9
Simple Sentence
These trains had beautiful bedrooms, bathrooms, dining rooms, and sitting rooms. They were like little palaces, really fit for a king.
英语翻译课件【全英版】
英语翻译课件【全英版】
When traveling or living abroad what gave you the biggest culture shock?
Three Elements of Culture
• The first is that culture is learned. This means that unlike hair color or height, culture is not a hereditary trait. If a French mother and an Australian father live in Mexico and have a child, the child will adopt the Mexican culture language, values, importance of events, etc. The child will certainly have a better sense of French and Australian cultures than its classmates, but it will, nevertheless, accept the Mexican culture as its own.
women, family, education, media), Dress, Recreation
Recreation
Culture incorporates…
• Language
– Official, Spoken vs. written, Dialects
Language
English Translations made by Japanese firm that were added to labels to increase prestige for their products being sold in China.
When traveling or living abroad what gave you the biggest culture shock?
Three Elements of Culture
• The first is that culture is learned. This means that unlike hair color or height, culture is not a hereditary trait. If a French mother and an Australian father live in Mexico and have a child, the child will adopt the Mexican culture language, values, importance of events, etc. The child will certainly have a better sense of French and Australian cultures than its classmates, but it will, nevertheless, accept the Mexican culture as its own.
women, family, education, media), Dress, Recreation
Recreation
Culture incorporates…
• Language
– Official, Spoken vs. written, Dialects
Language
English Translations made by Japanese firm that were added to labels to increase prestige for their products being sold in China.
英汉互译课件ppt
广告文案翻译技巧
在广告文案的翻译中，可以采用归化、异化、重构等多种技巧。同时，要注意语言的音 韵和节奏，以及文化元素的巧妙运用，以达到最佳的传播效果。
文学作品翻译
文学作品翻译
文学作品的翻译要求忠实于原文，同时要保持语言的 优美和流畅。在翻译过程中，要注意原著的时代背景 、作者风格和文化内涵，尽可能地还原原著的艺术价 值。
段落翻译与篇章翻译
总结词
段落和篇章的翻译需要注的英汉互译时，需要注意整体性和连贯性 ，确保译文在整体上符合原文的逻辑和意义。同时，还需要 注意段落和篇章中的主题句、关键词和语篇衔接手段的翻译 ，以确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
Part
04
翻译难点解析
长句翻译
翻译的标准与原则
翻译的标准
忠实、准确、流畅、优美。忠实是指译文要忠实于原 文，准确传达原文的意义和风格；准确是指译文要用 词恰当，语法规范；流畅是指译文要通顺易懂，符合 目标语言的表达习惯；优美则是指译文要具有艺术性 ，能够传达原文的美感。
翻译的原则
直译与意译相结合、归化与异化相结合、语义对等与 风格对等相结合。直译与意译相结合是指既要保留原 文的结构和表达方式，又要传达原文的深层含义；归 化与异化相结合是指既要让译文符合目标语言的表达 习惯，又要保留原文的文化特色；语义对等与风格对 等相结合是指既要保证译文在语义上与原文对等，又 要尽可能地保留原文的风格和修辞手法。
；长句处理是指将长句拆分成短句或合成长句，以使译文更加通顺易懂。
Part
02
英汉语言对比
词汇对比
总结词
英汉词汇在含义、词性、词义等方面存在差异。
详细描述
英语单词往往具有明确的词义和词性，而汉语词汇则更加灵活，一词多义现象 较为普遍。此外，英汉词汇在构词法上也存在差异，例如英语中常用前缀、后 缀等构词手法，而汉语则更多采用复合词的形式。
在广告文案的翻译中，可以采用归化、异化、重构等多种技巧。同时，要注意语言的音 韵和节奏，以及文化元素的巧妙运用，以达到最佳的传播效果。
文学作品翻译
文学作品翻译
文学作品的翻译要求忠实于原文，同时要保持语言的 优美和流畅。在翻译过程中，要注意原著的时代背景 、作者风格和文化内涵，尽可能地还原原著的艺术价 值。
段落翻译与篇章翻译
总结词
段落和篇章的翻译需要注的英汉互译时，需要注意整体性和连贯性 ，确保译文在整体上符合原文的逻辑和意义。同时，还需要 注意段落和篇章中的主题句、关键词和语篇衔接手段的翻译 ，以确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
Part
04
翻译难点解析
长句翻译
翻译的标准与原则
翻译的标准
忠实、准确、流畅、优美。忠实是指译文要忠实于原 文，准确传达原文的意义和风格；准确是指译文要用 词恰当，语法规范；流畅是指译文要通顺易懂，符合 目标语言的表达习惯；优美则是指译文要具有艺术性 ，能够传达原文的美感。
翻译的原则
直译与意译相结合、归化与异化相结合、语义对等与 风格对等相结合。直译与意译相结合是指既要保留原 文的结构和表达方式，又要传达原文的深层含义；归 化与异化相结合是指既要让译文符合目标语言的表达 习惯，又要保留原文的文化特色；语义对等与风格对 等相结合是指既要保证译文在语义上与原文对等，又 要尽可能地保留原文的风格和修辞手法。
；长句处理是指将长句拆分成短句或合成长句，以使译文更加通顺易懂。
Part
02
英汉语言对比
词汇对比
总结词
英汉词汇在含义、词性、词义等方面存在差异。
详细描述
英语单词往往具有明确的词义和词性，而汉语词汇则更加灵活，一词多义现象 较为普遍。此外，英汉词汇在构词法上也存在差异，例如英语中常用前缀、后 缀等构词手法，而汉语则更多采用复合词的形式。
英语翻译ppt
• The peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge. • 对于建立一个可靠的研究和知识体系，同行评 审过程被讣为是至关重要的。
• Scholars can be expert only in a limited area of their fields; they rely upon peer-reviewed journals to provide reliable, credible research upon which they can build subsequent, related research. • 学者们只可以在他们各自（研究）领域的有限范围内成为 专家，他们依靠经同行评论的期刊提供的可靠、可信的研 究（成果），来开展后续的相关研究。 • rely upon：依靠：依赖。 • subsequent：adj 后来的；随后的。
The authors of review articles are paid a few hundred dollars for reviews, and because of this, the standard definitions of open access do not equire review articles to be open access, though many are so. 这些评论文章的作者们会得到一百多美元的酬劳，正因 为如此，开放存取的标准定义不要求评论文章开放存取， 尽管很多是这样。
• 对于建立一个可靠的研究和知识体系， 同行评审过程被讣为是至关重要的。学 者们只可以在他们各自（研究）领域的 有限范围内成为专家，他们依靠经同行 评论的期刊提供的可靠、可信的研究 （成果），来开展后续的相关研究。
英语翻译-句子翻译PPT
02
Sentence translation skills
Literal translation and free translation
Literal translation
This method aims to confirm the exact meaning of the source language presence to the target language, without any changes in vocabulary or grammar It is important to maintain the original context and intention
Long presence translation
要点一
Breaking down complex senses
Long senses in the source language can often require breaking them down into smaller, more manageable units for translation This helps maintain clarity and flow in the target language version
Target language word order
Adjusting word order in the target language can help ensure a more natural and readable translation It is essential to maintain graphical correctness and logical flow while making these adjustments
英语翻译课件ppt
10.未来的最令人惊讶的奇迹在于对天气的严格控制， 10.未来的最令人惊讶的奇迹在于对天气的严格控制，只 未来的最令人惊讶的奇迹在于对天气的严格控制 有当气象员认为需要使市内空气清新时才会下雨。 有当气象员认为需要使市内空气清新时才会下雨。 (1)The most wonderful surprise in the future lies in the control of weather .It will rain only when weatherman thinks it necessary to freshen the air inside the city. (2) The most wonderful surprise in the future will consist in the strict weather control .It will rain only when the weatherman thinks that it is essential to freshen the air inside the city.
1.小偷推开门，溜进屋里，拉开抽屉， 小偷推开门，溜进屋里，拉开抽屉， 小偷推开门 。 偷走了钱。 偷走了钱。 （1）The thief opened the door and slid in the house ,then he opened the drawer and stole the money. (2)The thief pushed the door, slided into the house ,pulled the drawer and stole the money. （3）A thief pushed the door open ,slipped into the house ,slid the drawer open and took all the money away.
英译汉翻译技巧必看PPT课件
• 他三岁丧父，所以记不起父亲了。
• Strange enough they were the same age to the day.
• 说来也巧， 他俩年纪一样大， 而且还是同 日的。
.
15
5.合译法
• 合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意 思或层次合并重组，如将两个分句合译为 一个简单句，或两个简单句合译成一个复 合句等， 使全句的结构更加紧凑，语气更 加顺通。
• 直译： 好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要 大量的爱和大量的工作。
• 意译：幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需 要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。
• 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必 须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。
.
5
• 很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉 语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种 译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说， 在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用 直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意 译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.
• 计算机的主要特点是计算准确迅速。
.
21
3.英语名词→汉语形容词
• 英语原文中有形容词加后缀构成的名词， 翻译时可转化为汉语的形容词。 如：
• He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家请求帮助。 • I love having Friday off. • 我喜欢周五休息。 • I am for the former. • I am against the latter.
• Strange enough they were the same age to the day.
• 说来也巧， 他俩年纪一样大， 而且还是同 日的。
.
15
5.合译法
• 合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意 思或层次合并重组，如将两个分句合译为 一个简单句，或两个简单句合译成一个复 合句等， 使全句的结构更加紧凑，语气更 加顺通。
• 直译： 好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要 大量的爱和大量的工作。
• 意译：幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需 要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。
• 或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必 须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。
.
5
• 很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉 语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种 译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说， 在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用 直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意 译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.
• 计算机的主要特点是计算准确迅速。
.
21
3.英语名词→汉语形容词
• 英语原文中有形容词加后缀构成的名词， 翻译时可转化为汉语的形容词。 如：
• He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家请求帮助。 • I love having Friday off. • 我喜欢周五休息。 • I am for the former. • I am against the latter.
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• Potential translators must have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of language.
2021
4
• It is not a peripheral discipline, but what it involves goes beyond the boundary of any particular branch of learning.
• Introduction • Translation theory • Translation skills and practice • Exercises
2021
7
Requirements
• 1. Class attendance (If your absence goes to three times, including the third one, your final marks will be decreased. )
2021
9
Basic Knowledge of Translation Theory
• Translation • Translation criteria or principle • Translation strategies • Literal translation and liberal translation • Terms
2021
2
Translation Theory and Practice is a course for English major of senior ones. It demands you to go on training your basic language skills and learn more about English major. Meanwhile, it demands you go on enlarging your scope of knowledge and strengthening your sensibility to cultural differences so as to improve your ability to translate between English and Chinese .
2021
10
“洪荒造塔语言殊，从此人间要象胥”（马祖 毅，2004：1）
Translation exists because men speak different languages. (Steiner,2001:51)
斯坦纳说：“翻译之所以存在，是人们讲不 同的语言。”
“正是因为语言不通，人们才产生要对话的 欲望……才产生翻译”（郑海凌，2000：5）
• The betterment of our command of the relevant languages
• The broadening of the range and scope of our general knowledge.
• By Zhou En-lai
2021
6
Course arrangement
• It is not inter-lingual transfer, but crosscultural transfer. (Mary Snell-Hornby)
2021
5
Prerequisites of a translator
• The enhancement of our political consciousness
理论性；实践性
2021
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3
翻译是一项艰辛的劳动
• It is probably the most complex type of events in the history of the cosmos. (I.A. Richards ,1953)
• It is quite demanding. Many people hold that exceptional translators are born, not made. (e.g. Nida)
Lecture One
An introduction
2021
1
Contents of this lecture
1. A brief introduction to this course ; 2. Course arrangement； 3. Requirements of this course ; 4. An introduction to translation；
• 2. Class performance (Every one of you will be demanded to translate/interpret in the class and I will record them)
• 3.Exam
2021
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To sum up
• Why( 为何翻译？) • What(何为翻译？) • How(翻译何为？)
2021
11
• 西欧所以能有今天的文明，用一个西 方学者的话来说，这要“归功于翻译 者”。（Kelly：1979：1）
2021
12
• 五千年来，虽然经历了不少波折，走过了不少坎 坷的道路，但是中华文化却一直没有消逝？
“倘若拿河流来作比，中华文化这一条大河，有水 满的时候，也有水少的时候，但却从未枯竭。原 因就是有新水注入。注入的次数大大小小是颇多 的。最大的有两次，一次是从印度来的水，一次 是从西方来的水。而这两次的大注入依靠的都是 翻译。中华文化所以能常葆青春，万应灵药就是 翻译。翻译之为用大矣哉！”（林煌天，1997：
季羡林序）
2021
13
The definition in the old days
• 翻译活动在中国由来己久，在《礼纪.王制》 中就有记载：“中国、夷、蛮、戎、 狄……五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。 达其志，通其欲，东方曰寄，南方曰象， 西方曰狄踶，北方曰译。”（马祖毅， 2004:2）在此后，翻译已经并正在经历着 发展的高潮。
2021
4
• It is not a peripheral discipline, but what it involves goes beyond the boundary of any particular branch of learning.
• Introduction • Translation theory • Translation skills and practice • Exercises
2021
7
Requirements
• 1. Class attendance (If your absence goes to three times, including the third one, your final marks will be decreased. )
2021
9
Basic Knowledge of Translation Theory
• Translation • Translation criteria or principle • Translation strategies • Literal translation and liberal translation • Terms
2021
2
Translation Theory and Practice is a course for English major of senior ones. It demands you to go on training your basic language skills and learn more about English major. Meanwhile, it demands you go on enlarging your scope of knowledge and strengthening your sensibility to cultural differences so as to improve your ability to translate between English and Chinese .
2021
10
“洪荒造塔语言殊，从此人间要象胥”（马祖 毅，2004：1）
Translation exists because men speak different languages. (Steiner,2001:51)
斯坦纳说：“翻译之所以存在，是人们讲不 同的语言。”
“正是因为语言不通，人们才产生要对话的 欲望……才产生翻译”（郑海凌，2000：5）
• The betterment of our command of the relevant languages
• The broadening of the range and scope of our general knowledge.
• By Zhou En-lai
2021
6
Course arrangement
• It is not inter-lingual transfer, but crosscultural transfer. (Mary Snell-Hornby)
2021
5
Prerequisites of a translator
• The enhancement of our political consciousness
理论性；实践性
2021
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3
翻译是一项艰辛的劳动
• It is probably the most complex type of events in the history of the cosmos. (I.A. Richards ,1953)
• It is quite demanding. Many people hold that exceptional translators are born, not made. (e.g. Nida)
Lecture One
An introduction
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Contents of this lecture
1. A brief introduction to this course ; 2. Course arrangement； 3. Requirements of this course ; 4. An introduction to translation；
• 2. Class performance (Every one of you will be demanded to translate/interpret in the class and I will record them)
• 3.Exam
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To sum up
• Why( 为何翻译？) • What(何为翻译？) • How(翻译何为？)
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• 西欧所以能有今天的文明，用一个西 方学者的话来说，这要“归功于翻译 者”。（Kelly：1979：1）
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• 五千年来，虽然经历了不少波折，走过了不少坎 坷的道路，但是中华文化却一直没有消逝？
“倘若拿河流来作比，中华文化这一条大河，有水 满的时候，也有水少的时候，但却从未枯竭。原 因就是有新水注入。注入的次数大大小小是颇多 的。最大的有两次，一次是从印度来的水，一次 是从西方来的水。而这两次的大注入依靠的都是 翻译。中华文化所以能常葆青春，万应灵药就是 翻译。翻译之为用大矣哉！”（林煌天，1997：
季羡林序）
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The definition in the old days
• 翻译活动在中国由来己久，在《礼纪.王制》 中就有记载：“中国、夷、蛮、戎、 狄……五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。 达其志，通其欲，东方曰寄，南方曰象， 西方曰狄踶，北方曰译。”（马祖毅， 2004:2）在此后，翻译已经并正在经历着 发展的高潮。