雅思写作高频词汇替换
80组雅思写作高级替换词汇
80组雅思写作高级替换词汇一、表示原因1. a reason for + 名词/动名词 = the cause of + 名词/动名词2. because of = due to / owing to3. as a result = consequently / therefore / thus / hence4. owing to the fact that = because5. in view of = considering6. result in = lead to7. contributes to = give rise to8. bring about = generate二、表示好处1. lead to positive outcomes = have positive impacts / effects2. advantageous = beneficial / favorable3. enhance = improve / strengthen4. contribute to = be conducive to5. facilitate = make it easier6. promote = boost / advance7. play a crucial role = be of great significance / importance8. enable = allow / permit三、表示坏处1. drawbacks = disadvantages / downsides2. detrimental = harmful / destructive / adverse3. result in negative consequences = have negative impacts / effects4. bring about = generate / cause5. hinder = impede / obstruct6. pose a threat to = be a danger to7. undermine = weaken / erode8. give rise to = lead to / cause四、表示重要性1. of great significance = of paramount importance / crucial2. play a vital role = be essential / crucial3. be of prime importance = be of utmost importance4. be critical = be indispensable / vital5. be essential = be necessary6. have a profound impact on = greatly influence7. have far-reaching implications = have extensive effects / consequences8. be fundamental to = be crucial to五、表示变化1. undergo changes = experience alterations / modifications2. evolve = develop / progress3. transform = change / convert / shift4. shift = change / alter5. adapt to = adjust to / accommodate to6. fluctuate = vary / change7. grow = increase / expand8. decline = decrease / reduce六、表示观点1. argue that = claim / suggest / contend that2. maintain that = assert / affirm that3. advocate = support / promote / recommend4. emphasize = highlight / stress5. assert = affirm / insist6. posit that = propose / suggest7. put forward the viewpoint that = express the opinion that8. take the stance that = hold the position that七、表示重要性1. be vital = be crucial / essential2. be of paramount importance = be extremely significant / important3. be imperative = be necessary / essential4. be critical = be essential / vital5. be of great significance = be of great importance / significance6. be instrumental in = be crucial to / play a key role in7. play a pivotal role = be central / key / crucial8. be fundamental = be basic / essential八、表示结论1. in conclusion = in a nutshell / in summary / to sum up2. therefore = thus / hence / consequently3. as a result = consequently / accordingly4. ultimately = finally / in the end5. in light of this = considering this / based on this6. overall = all in all / on the whole7. in a word = in brief / in short8. to put it simply = in simple terms。
99个雅思写作高级替换词
99个雅思写作高级替换词1.人们People n.Individuals = persons =the public= citizens= one= inhabitants2.认为Think v.Hold= maintain=believe= contend=deem= argue=3.社会Society n.The real world= the community= the public4.名人Famous person n.Celebrity= luminary= legendary figure5.著名的Famous adj.Noted= eminent= prominent= preeminent= distinguished=celebrated= acclaimed 6.专家Specialist n.Expert=master=virtuoso(专才vs.generalist 通才)7.领域Field n.Sphere=discipline(学科)=domain=province(范围)8.技能Skill n.Expertise(专业知识)=prowess(能力)9.品质、特性Quality n.Feature= trait= attribute= characteristic10.信任Have belief in v.Have faith/ trust in11.真实的Real adj.Actual= nonfictional= factual; tangible= concrete= palpable Broad-minded12.心胸宽阔的adj.Tolerant13.思想狭隘的Narrow-minded adj.Insular= conservative14.明智的Wise adj.Prudent= sensible= judicious15.有道理的Reasonable adj.Justified= warranted= legitimate16.没有道理的Unreasonable adj.Unjustified= unwarranted= groundless17.自信Self-confidence n.Morale18.熟悉...Be familiar with19.Beacquainted/conversant with20.竞争Competition n. Rivalry= contest21.合作Cooperate n.Collaborate= take concerted action相关的名词：cooperation=collaboration=combined effort= teamwork= partnership 22.责任Responsibility n. Obligation23.娱乐Relaxation n.Recreation= enjoyment= pleasure= leisure24.实现、完成Achieve v.Attain= accomplish=fulfill one's ambition/duties/criteria25.梦想成真One's dream comes true.Attains one's goal=finds one's niche in life26.失败Failuren.Frustration= setback=nonfulfillment27.成功Success n.Fulfillment= accomplishment=triumph= victory相关动词：succeed (in), fulfill,accomplish28.环境Environment n.Setting=milieu= background =Protect environment29.保护环境v.Be environmentally friendly= be co-friendly30.破坏生态平衡Break the ecological balance v.Disrupt/ upset the ecological balance31.Situation 情况n.Scenario= setting32.Phenomenon 现象n.Occurrence= event= happening= fact33.Factor因素n.Element= consideration= concern= situation34.Depend on 取决于v.Hinge on= ride= rely on= rest on35.Different 不同的adj.Various= opposing= diverse相关名词=difference= disparity= discrepancy= variation=variety= diversity=differentiation=36.Different kinds of 不同种类的adj.A variety of= a broad range of= a wide array of= a diversity of37.好处，优势AdvantageBenefit= boon= blessing= reward= upside= merit38.劣势Disadvantage n.Detriment= bane= curse=drawback= downside= demerit39.好的Good adj.Beneficial= advantageous= rewarding= helpful= useful40.坏的Bad adj.Detrimental= disadvantageous= baneful=harmful,negative41.苦难的Difficult adj.Challenging= daunting=formidable=forbidding42.困难Difficulty n.Hindrance= obstacle= barrier= stumbling block43......的缺乏Lack of n.Absence of = dearth of= deficiency in= shortage of= shortfall of= scarcity of ...44.许多的Many adj...可数名词复数...;A great number of= a host of= a multitude of= an abundance of= a wealth of= a myriad of…不可数名词...a great number of=a large amount of45.越来越More and moreincreasingly= growingly46.增多Growv.Mount= escalate= increase= be on the rise47.令人担忧的WorrisomeAlarming= daunting48.影响Influence n.Impact= sway49.造成不良结果Lead to bad results v.Be counterproductive= render a disservice (帮倒忙)50.危险Danger n.Hazard(危害)=jeopardy(危害)，threat相关形容词形式：dangerous=hazardous=perilous= threatening相关动词：endanger=imperil=threaten=jeopardize51.到如此程度Reach such extent v.Reach such proportions52.非常Very adv.Immenselv= remarkablv= considerablv= dramaticallv= noticeably53.普遍的Common adj.Prevalent= popular=ubiquitous=universal54.重要的Important adj.Essential=crucial= critical= significant= vital= indispensable55.明显的Obvious adj.Perceptible= discernible= appreciable=marked= pronounced= noticeable56.紧急的Urgent adj.Pressing57.理解Understanding n. Appreciation(理解)=awareness= insight (into)58.巨大的Big adj.Enormous=vast= immense= massive= colossal59.小的，轻微的Small adj.Minute(微小的)= slight=minor=trivial60.促进Contribute to v.Be instrumental in/ be conducive to =facilitate/ promote61.阻碍Hold back v.Hamper= impede= hinder62.高Improve v.Enhance= boost= promote= heighten63.破坏Destroy v.Undermine= damage64.必要条件Necessary condition n.Prerequisite(for)= precondition (of)65.困难费力的Effort-taking adj.Arduous= strenuous= laborious66.复杂的ComplicatedComplex= involved= intricate67.充满活力的EnergeticVigorous= dynamic=vibrant68.培养cultivate v.Nurture= develop= foster= hone69.强调Emphasize v.Accentuate= lay stress on= lay emphasis on70.重视Pay attention to71.努力做Try one's best to do v.Endeavor to do= strive to do=strive for sth=spare no effort to do 72.充满Be full of v.Be replete with= be inundated with= be saturated with73.免于Be free from v.Be exempt form=be immune from74.开拓视Expand one's horizon v.Enlarge one's vision = Expand one's outlook75.处理Deal with v.Tackle= address= cope with76.某事必做Sth.must be done.Sth is obligatory/ mandatory/ compulsory/ imperative77.对...的解决方案Solution to ... Cure/ remedy/ therapy for ...78....的方式Way of ...n.Approach to ...= strategy for... avenue of...79.常见做法Usual way n. Common practice80.选择Choice n.Option= alternative81.严格的StrictStringent= rigorous= severe82.控制Control v.Check= curb83.有效地Effective adj.Efficacious= potent相关名词effectiveness=efficacy= potency84.使用Use v.Utilize= make use of= employ= put into service85.有用的Useful adj.Productive= constructive86.可获得的，可得到的Obtainable adj.Available87.目前的Present adj.Current=existing= topical88.有趣的InterestingIntriguing=stimulating= appealing89.质量差的Low-quality90.最佳的Best adj.Optimum91.错误的Wrong adj.Inaccurate= erroneous=fallaciou92.加强Strengthen v.Fortify=reinforce93.削弱Weaken v.Undermine= erode94.使恶化Worsen v.Exacerbate=aggravate95.恶化(环境、事物自己)Deteriorate v.96.传播Spread v.Publicize= disseminate= diffuse= propagate97.刚起步Begin v.Be in embryo= be in one's infancy98.迅速增长Grow rapidlyGrow exponentially= soar99.测量Measure v.Assess= gauge= determine。
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词汇总一文汇总了雅思大作文小作文中常消失的高频词汇以及这些高频词汇的近义词同义词。
下面我就和大家共享雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词，盼望能够关心到大家，来观赏一下吧。
雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词1. 通用类词汇在雅思大作文中，最为常用的词汇包含有：如形容词“重要的”“有益的”，动词“认为”“获得”，和名词“优点”“缺点”等，这些词汇无论放在哪篇大作文写作中，基本都可以使用到。
详细来说，当我们表达支持某一方观点的时候，一般会在主题句形容这件事儿是“重要的”(important=essential=crucial等)，“有益的”(beneficial=advantageous 等)，这时候就需要用到相应替换词汇，如括号内所示。
再如，表达一部分人“认为...”的时候，往往也可以用到以下替换词：argue=insist=claim=hold the view等。
这些高频使用的词汇，我们把它称为通用类词汇，这类词汇会在雅思VIP课堂上总结给学员。
2.话题类词汇雅思大作文另一类常用词汇，是结合各类话题而绽开的，包含有最常考的例如“教育类话题”“科技类话题”“政府类话题”等十大话题。
围绕这些话题，老师会为同学分类总结高频词汇和短语，如教育类话题中，有关课程的词汇“必修课”(compulsory subjects)“选修课”(selective subjects)，“课外活动”(extra-curriculum activities)等，有关学习过程的词汇“进展制造力”(develop creativity)，“满意共性化需要”(be tailored to their needs)，“全面进展”(rounded development)等。
和有关学习效果的词汇“激发学习爱好”(stimulate the enthusiasm for study )，“提高学习效率”(enhance learning efficiency)和“发挥潜力”(reach their full potential)等等，充分供学员在雅思教育类话题中使用，开展自己的写作，在此就不一一举例了。
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词汇总一文汇总了雅思大作文小作文中常出现的高频词汇以及这些高频词汇的近义词同义词。
下面就和大家分享雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词1. 通用类词汇在雅思大作文中，最为常用的词汇包含有：如形容词“重要的”“有益的”，动词“认为”“获得”，和名词“优点”“缺点”等，这些词汇无论放在哪篇大作文写作中，基本都可以使用到。
具体来说，当我们表达支持某一方观点的时候，一般会在主题句形容这件事儿是“重要的”(important=essential=crucial等)，“有益的”(beneficial=advantageous等)，这时候就需要用到相应替换词汇，如括号内所示。
再如，表达一部分人“认为...”的时候，往往也可以用到以下替换词：argue=insist=claim=hold the view等。
这些高频使用的词汇，我们把它称为通用类词汇，这类词汇会在雅思VIP课堂上总结给学员。
2.话题类词汇雅思大作文另一类常用词汇，是结合各类话题而展开的，包含有最常考的例如“教育类话题”“科技类话题”“政府类话题”等十大话题。
围绕这些话题，老师会为学生分类总结高频词汇和短语，如教育类话题中，有关课程的词汇“必修课”(compulsory subjects)“选修课”(selective subjects)，“课外活动”(extra-curriculum activities)等，有关学习过程的词汇“发展创造力”(develop creativity)，“满足个性化需要”(be tailored to their needs)，“全面发展”(rounded development)等。
和有关学习效果的词汇“激发学习兴趣”(stimulate the enthusiasm for study )，“提高学习效率”(enhance learning efficiency)和“发挥潜力”(reach their full potential)等等，充分供学员在雅思教育类话题中使用，开展自己的写作，在此就不一一举例了。
[转载]雅思写作中的写作高分替换词汇
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[转载]雅思写作中的写作⾼分替换词汇原⽂地址：雅思写作中的写作⾼分替换词汇作者：HelenYjx1.important=crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerce sb into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(some one who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossol(use this word, you emphasize something is large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.disaster=catastrophe(acatastrop he is an unexpected event that cause great suffering and damages)38.finally=eventually(especially after a lot of delays), ultimately(after complicated series of events)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived from59.remarkable=conspicuous(if something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(comei nto existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e=utilize(the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoricis only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent(does not happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)短语101.in my opinion=from my perspective102.very much=a great deal103.for example=to give a demonstration104.however=as a matter of fact, it is the other way around105.agree with=uphold(support and maintain)106.be full of=be saturated with(be filled with sth completely)107.by=via108.according to=in the light of109.when it comes to=in terms of110.from a XXX perspective=in XXX sense111.find a job=land a jobtest=up to date113.achieve a goal=attain an accomplishment114.at the same time=simultaneously115.a the start of=on the threshold of116.certainly=to a certain extent117.with doubt=indubitably118.in XXX means=via XXX avenue119.disagree with=be the last one to uphold120.as fast as=apace with单词121.awful=nauseous(if something makes you nauseous, you want to vomit)ck=scarcity(if there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for people) 123.suddenly=abruptly(very sudden and often unpleasant)124.agree=espouse(the same as agree with)125.immortal=eternal(something that is eternal can last forever)126.gigantic=enormous(very large in size or amount)127.horrible=macabre(strange and horrible or upsetting)128.generous=munificent (very generous, FORMAL)129.advantage=merit(if something has merit, it has good or worthwhile qualities) 130.happy=jovial(if someone is jovial, s/he is happy and behaves in a cheerful way) 131.sad=inconsolable(extremely sad and cannot be comforted)132.brave=gallant(if someone is gallant, s/he behaves bravely)133.disappear=vanish(ATTENTION: vanish means disappear suddenly or in a way cannot be explained)134.difference=divergence(a divergence is a difference between two or more things, opinions or attitudes)135.repeat=iterate136.effective=efficacious(the same as effective, FORMAL)137.dishonest=mendacious(a mendacious person is someone who lies)138.talkative=loquacious(if someone is loquacious, s/he talk a great deal)139.think over=contemplate(think carefully), ruminate on(think carefully)140.tendency=vogue(in vogue means very popular)141.protectfrom=shield from(the same as protect from)zy=slothful(lazy and unwilling to make an effort to work), indolent(lazy, FORMAL)143.limited=finite(something that is finite has a definite fixed size or amount)144.disadvantage=defect(a fault or imperfection in a person or thing)eless/invain=futile(ATTENTION: if you say something is futile, you mean there is no point of doing, usually it has no chance of succeeding)146.undeniable=there is no gainsaying(FORMAL)147.potential=latent(used to describe something hidden or not obvious at the moment, but which can develop further in the future)148.harmful=baneful149.daring=audacious(someone who is audacious takes risk to achieve something)150.talent=aptitude(someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is his/her abilityto learn it quickly and to do it well)151.waste=dissipate(dissipate means waste money, time or effort in a foolish way)152.obstacle=stumbling block153.many= a multitude of, a myriads of154.good=superb(if something is superb, its quality is very good indeed)155.random=haphazard156.behave=conduct(if you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way)157.kind of=sort of158.loyalty=fidelity(fidelity is loyalty to a person, or organization, or set of beliefs)159.embarrassing=awkward(an awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with)160.building=edifice(ATTENTION: an edifice is a large and impressive building)161.unendurable=insufferable (if you say something is insufferable, you are emphasizing that it is very unpleasant and annoying)162.undoubtedly=as no doubt163.although=albeit(the same as although)164.unwilling=grudging(a grudging feeling or action is felt or done very unwillingly)165.hardly=scarcely(you use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way)166.courage=nerve(nerve is the courage you need in order to do something difficult or dangerous)167.generally=as a rule168.understand=discern(if you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is)169.obviously=transparently (easily understand or recognize)170.define as=address as171.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken172.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off173.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding174.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous:175.消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable176.明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest177.健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome178.惊⼈的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous179.美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching180.有活⼒的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated181.流⾏的：popular = prevailing = prent = pervasive★⾼频动词：1.提⾼，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2.引起：cause = trigger = endanger3.解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4.拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5.培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6.激发，⿎励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7.认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue8.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10.有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11.减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★⾼频名词：1.影响：influence= impact2.危险：danger = perils =hazards3.污染：pollution = contamination4.⼈类：human beings= mankind = humane race5.⽼⼈：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6.幸福：happiness = well-being7.⽼师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8.教育 education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11.责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12能⼒：ability = capacity = power = skill13.职业：job = career = employment = profession14.娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15.孩⼦：children = Offspring = descendant = kid★⾼频短语：1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2.努⼒：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark in = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5.⼤量的: a host f = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of雅思写作常⽤词替换表动词替换集锦1. 做：do=exercise, practice, perform (做法：behavior=exercise, practice, performance)2. 对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to3. 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to=be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to4. 集中精⼒于：focus on=A devote oneself to=dedicate oneself to=commit oneself to=B engage oneself in=employ oneself in5. 认为：think =A argue, assert, contend, claim=B maintain, note=C hold the viewpoint that=hold the standpoint that=hold the perspective that=D harbour an idea/opinion that=embrace a view that(观点：viewpoint， standpoint，perspective )6. 反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to=become hostile to7. ⽀持：support=take sides with=advocate=lend support to=sing high praise of8. 导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)9. 看到（see），读到(read)，学到(learn)=接触到make contact with=have access to=be accessible to=暴露于beexposed to=gain exposure to=获得obtain=attain=acquire10. 发展(develop)，提⾼(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组 promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词 promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement=B 不及物动词 rocket, boom, flourish, prosper11. 有(has)：负⾯含义：suffer, run high risk of正⾯含义：boast, embrace中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of12. ⾯临，⾯对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of13. 破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon14. 阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede15. 下结论：make a conclusion=A draw a conclusion that=reach a conclusion that=arrive at a conclusion that=B hammer a conclusion that=crystallize a conclusion that16. 使⽤：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to17. 解决：solve=A address=handle=tackleB deal with=Cope with1. 减轻：reduce=A lessen, lighten, lower=B mitigate, alleviate=C decrease, degrade形容词替换集锦2. 难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny3. 不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable4. 重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality5. 巨⼤的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable6. 正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous7. 有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible8. 吸引⼈的：attractive=inviting and appealing9. ⾜够的：adequate and sufficient10. 很多，许多：A a wealth of =a flood of=vast arrays ofB a tremendous(enormous/considerable/appreciable) amount(number/sum) of1. 更，越来越：more and more=A更+ 具体名词（⽐如钱，⼈数等） a growing/increasing/climbing number/amount/sum of 抽象名词（⽐如影响，重要性）growing/increasing/climbing=B更+形容词 growingly/increasingly/climbingly=C更+动词 to a larger extent名词替换集锦2. ⽇常⽣活：daily lives=day-to-day lives=everyday lives3. 因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant4. 联系：relationship(relate A to B)=connection(connect A to B )=association(associate A to B)5. 优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit=favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives6. 缺点：disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives介词替换集锦1. 在…⽅⾯:in…ways=in…aspects/respects/perspectives2. ⽤…⽅法：in…ways=in…fashion=in…mannerof=necessary towithout=free fromabout=concerning=related to。
雅思写作高分替换词汇
雅思写作高分替换词汇1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)=peak, summit=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish=humiliate(do something or say something which makespeople feel ashamed or stupid)=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her =minuscule(very small), minute,=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.) =invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)=boiling(very hot)=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/ {=currently=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)( h=consequence(the results or effects of something)=apparent, manifeston=derived from (can see or notice them very easily)=fairly=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)=emerge(come into existence)=entire(the whole of something)8=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)=formidable=convert(change into another form)=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something) =cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)=capacity, capability(the same as ability)=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people)=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)= utilize (the same as use)=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)=fellowship=enraged(extremely angry)=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)=disarray, chaos=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)=notwithstanding(FORMAL)=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/=acute(severe and intense)=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worrieshim/her because he/she does not understand it)=avenue(away of getting something done)=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) =archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) =consequently, accordingly=infrequent (doesn’t happen often=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
170个常用托福、雅思写作高分替换词
170个常用托福、雅思写作高分替换词汇及其英文释义1.important=crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerce sb into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(some one who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossol(use this word, you emphasize something is large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.disaster=catastrophe(acatastrop he is an unexpected event that cause great suffering and damages)38.finally=eventually(especially after a lot of delays), ultimately(after complicated series of39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived from59.remarkable=conspicuous(if something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(comei nto existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e=utilize(the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoricis only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent(does not happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)短语101.in my opinion=from my perspective102.very much=a great deal103.for example=to give a demonstration104.however=as a matter of fact, it is the other way around 105.agree with=uphold(support and maintain)106.be full of=be saturated with(be filled with sth completely) 107.by=via108.according to=in the light of109.when it comes to=in terms of110.from a XXX perspective=in XXX sense111.find a job=land a jobtest=up to date113.achieve a goal=attain an accomplishment114.at the same time=simultaneously115.a tthe start of=on the threshold of116.certainly=to a certain extent117.with doubt=indubitably118.in XXX means=via XXX avenue119.disagree with=be the last one to uphold120.as fast as=apace with单词121.awful=nauseous(if something makes you nauseous, you want to vomit)ck=scarcity(if there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for people)123.suddenly=abruptly(very sudden and often unpleasant)124.agree=espouse(the same as agree with)125.immortal=eternal(something that is eternal can last forever)126.gigantic=enormous(very large in size or amount)127.horrible=macabre(strange and horrible or upsetting)128.generous=munificent (very generous, FORMAL)129.advantage=merit(if something has merit, it has good or worthwhile qualities)130.happy=jovial(if someone is jovial, s/he is happy and behaves in a cheerful way)131.sad=inconsolable(extremely sad and cannot be comforted)132.brave=gallant(if someone is gallant, s/he behaves bravely)133.disappear=vanish(A TTENTION: vanish means disappear suddenly or in a way cannot be explained)134.difference=divergence(a divergence is a difference between two or more things, opinions or attitudes)135.repeat=iterate136.effective=efficacious(the same as effective, FORMAL)137.dishonest=mendacious(a mendacious person is someone who lies)138.talkative=loquacious(if someone is loquacious, s/he talk a great deal)139.think over=contemplate(think carefully), ruminate on(think carefully)140.tendency=vogue(in vogue means very popular)141.protectfrom=shield from(the same as protect from)zy=slothful(lazy and unwilling to make an effort to work), indolent(lazy, FORMAL)143.limited=finite(something that is finite has a definite fixed size or amount)144.disadvantage=defect(a fault or imperfection in a person or thing)eless/invain=futile(ATTENTION: if you say something is futile, you mean there is no point of doing, usually it has no chance of succeeding)146.undeniable=there is no gainsaying(FORMAL)147.potential=latent(used to describe something hidden or not obvious at the moment, but which can develop further in the future)148.harmful=baneful149.daring=audacious(someone who is audacious takes risk to achieve something)150.talent=aptitude(someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is his/her abilityto learn it quickly and to do it well)151.waste=dissipate(dissipate means waste money, time or effort in a foolish way)152.obstacle=stumbling block153.many= a multitude of, a myriads of154.good=superb(if something is superb, its quality is very good indeed)155.random=haphazard156.behave=conduct(if you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way)157.kind of=sort of158.loyalty=fidelity(fidelity is loyalty to a person, or organization, or set of beliefs)159.embarrassing=awkward(an awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with)160.building=edifice(A TTENTION: an edifice is a large and impressive building)161.unendurable=unsufferable (if you say something is unsufferable, you are emphasizing that it is very unpleasant and annoying)162.undoubtedly=as no doubt163.although=albeit(the same as although)164.unwilling=grudging(a grudging feeling or action is felt or done very unwillingly)165.hardly=scarcely(you use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way)166.courage=nerve(nerve is the courage you need in order to do something difficult or dangerous)167.generally=as a rule168.understand=discern(if you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is)169.obviously=transparently (easily understand or recognize)170.define as=address as。
雅思写作高频替换词
1.important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous,it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no at tention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(thesame as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10. top=peak, summit11. competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12. blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13. opinion=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14. fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15. build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16. insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)17. complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-temperedway)18. primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19. relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)22. complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it oftenhas many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24. small=minuscule(very small), minute25. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(politeand political)26. hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous workshard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soilis so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make itclear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), trem endous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to givea fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)38.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be chan ged)39.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)40.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincereand enthusiasm)41.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)42.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)43.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)44.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)45.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)46.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry aboutit)47.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)48.hot=boiling(very hot)49.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous,especially to people's safety and health)50.nowadays=currently51.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;52.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)53.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)54.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)55.obvious=apparent, manifest56.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)57.quite=fairly58.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)59.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activitiesor interest)60.appear=emerge(come into existence)61.whole=entire(the whole of something)62.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(verydamp and hot)63.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)64.difficult=formidable65.change=convert(change into another form)66.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)67.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger),prudent(careful and sensible)68.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)69.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)70.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)72.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something,you have doubts on it.)73.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)74.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, itlasts a short time)75.scholarship=fellowship76.angry=enraged(extremely angry)77.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)78.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly orunattractive)79.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)80.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)81.disorder=disarray, chaos82.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)"83.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)84.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)85.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)86.best=optimal(used to describe the best level somethingcan achieve)87.sharp=acute(severe and intense)88.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )89.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understa nd it)90.method=avenue(away of getting something done)91.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)92.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)93.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something lookmore attractive via decorating it with something else)94.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)95.so=consequently, accordingly96.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)97.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
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Think: believe, argue, hold, maintain, contend, claim, advocate, assert, feel
Advantages & disadvantages:benefits & drawbacks/risks, positive side & negative side, bright side & dark side/ flip side/ downside, pros & cons, strengths & weaknesses, merits & demerits
Important: key, crucial, critical, paramount, imperative, major
高频动词：
1. 提高：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen
optimize the resource allocation
2. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize = endanger
3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with = do with
4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down + the old houses
5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture + independence
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7. 导致: lead to = contribute to = result in
(+名词the extinction of wild species不用the wild species to die out)
原因：owing to sth./thanks to sth. (不用从句)，原因状语从句用because/since
8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve +one’s ambition
9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold = conserve + their customs and language
10. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten + financial burden
高频形容词：
1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable = disadvantageous
6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated
11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent （贬义词）= pervasive Some people believe that corporal punishment is useful to foster children’s discipline, and this attitude still prevails among many parents.
The Hollywood film tends to be a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture.
Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world.
高频名词：
1. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens = the
retired = the retirees = pensioners = old age pensioners
2. 年轻人：young people = youngsters = youths = the young = the younger generation = young adults
3. 青少年：adolescents ＝juvenile person ＝teenagers （juvenile delinquency，juvenile delinquents)
4. 孩子：children = kids = offspring(单复同形) = descendant
We owe it to our descendants to leave them a clean world to live in. 我们这么做的目的是为了给后代留下一个能居住的干净世界。
5. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers= tutors (家庭教师,导师) = advisors (导师) = supervisor (导师)
6. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race
7. 名人：sports and entertainment personalities = celebrities = famous people = stars = legends
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
The circumstances of people's birth and upbringing shape their characters in diverse ways.
9. 手机：mobile/cell phone/handset
10.汽车：automobile/car/motor car/motor vehicle
11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill
13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession
14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
15. 污染：pollution = contamination
16. 危险：danger = perils =hazards
高频短语：
充满了：be filled with = be full of = be saturated with = be awash with = be inundate with
The city is awash with drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it.
努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for
在当代/当前: in contemporary society = in present-day society = in this day and age = at present
大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
越来越多的: a growing number of = an increasing number of = more and more 产生影响：exert = impose = cause + influence= impact + on
促进经济发展: stimulate = boost = strengthen + economy
经济危机：economic crisis = financial crisis = economic recession (区别an economic depression, 如the Great Depression of the 1930s)
扩大视野：broaden = widen = enlarge = enrich + one’s mind = horizon = view 男性主宰：male-centered ＝man-dominated ＋society = world。