管理会计

Production prioritizing
Once the organization has made long-term resource commitments, then managers need to determine how to best use those committed resources to maximize the return on their capital; Production prioritizing: management’s continual evaluation of the profitability of the various product lines and divisions within an organization so that products or divisions that are performing below expectations can be analyzed to identify problems and potential solutions. eg ROI, C-V-P analysis.
Accounting assumptions



Accounting entity assumption Going-concern postulate Accounting period assumption Time value of money assumption Separable cost behavior assumption
Planning


Management planning involves a process of identifying problems or opportunities, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, then choosing and implementing the best alternative(s). There are two basic types of planning
EVALUATING • Analyze results • Provide feedback • Reward performance • Identify problems
Decision Making
CONTROLLING • Establish expectations • Create performance measures • Gather results • Compute variances

According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), Management Accounting is "the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its Resource (economics)resources.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Management Accounting
Learning Objectives


Explain the definition of management accounting, how management accounting is a competitive tool; The primary purpose of management accounting is to provide superior information to those running a company so that they can make better decisions and more successfully compete for customers, suppliers, employees, and so forth.

Strategic planning Broad, long-range planning usually conducted by top management, usually involves identifying an organization’s mission, the goals flowing from that mission, and strategies and action steps to accomplish those goals;
Long-run planning: strategic planning & capital budgeting; Short-run planning:production and process prioritizing & operational budgeting (profit planning)


Recognize and understand the common terms and concepts used in management accounting; Discuss the need for ethics in management accounting and describe the Standards of Ethical Conduct that apply to this profession.

Operational budgeting
Once the organization has determined what to provide to the marketplace in order to maximize its goals, then mangers are ready to go on to the next phase of short-run planning; Operational budgeting:managerial planning decisions regarding current operations and those of the immediate future(typically one year or less )that are characterized by regularity and frequency. Operational budgets are used by manangers to establish and commuciate daily, weekly, and monthly goals for the organization.
Definition

Management accounting is concerned with the provisions and use of accounting information to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis to make informed business decisions that will allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions.


Understand the essential differences between management accounting and financial accounting; Management accounting is intended for the use of the internal managers who run a company. Financial accounting is….?
Aims





Formulating strategies and helps in making decision Planning and constructing business activities Optimal use of Resource (economics) Safeguarding asset Forecast financial situation

Purpostitive needs of the organization


Outcome

Flexible, non-financial Public financial data data
The Management Processes
PLANNING • Identify problems • Identify alternatives • Evaluate alternatives • Choose and implement best alternatives


Good mangement accounting is a competitive tool; Good compannies experiment with their internal information systems in order to generate better data allowing them to make better decisions than their competitors are making.