动词不定式的讲义

合集下载

动词不定式讲解讲课讲稿

动词不定式讲解讲课讲稿

解讲式定不词动.精品文档一动词不定式:to + 动词原形1.基本用法:可在句中作主、宾、表、定、状、补。

1)作主语To get up early is a good habit.It's so nice to hear your voice.(it 为形式主语)It is important for us to learn English well.It's silly of you to do such a thing.How to improve our English is still a problem.2) 作宾语We all hope to see you.They found it hard to learn Chinese. (it 为形式宾语)I do not know what to do next. (疑问词+ 不定式)He asked me how to improve English.(疑问词+不定式)3)作表语①一般情况My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

He seemed to have known the news.②如果主语是不定式,则表语也用不定式。

例如:To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.③作表语的不定式有时可省略符号to:这时主语部分必须含有动词do,而作表语的不定式则解释do 的精确意思。

All I did was (to) give him a little help.收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除.精品文档What we want to do now is (to) have a rest.4)作定语①不定式作定语时,被修饰的名词常为它的逻辑宾语。

第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(讲义)-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)(教师版)

第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(讲义)-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)(教师版)

►第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(讲义)【复习目标】1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能,重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语2.动词不定式的时态和语态3. 不定式的特殊用法4.不定式符号to的省略5.跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳6.练透近年中考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目,感悟高考命题规律和特点,实现高效备考。

【考情分析】从近三年中考卷可以看出,对非谓语动词中不定式的考查是必考点,主要是考查非谓语动词作补语、定语和目的状语以及不定式作形式主语。

考查的都是不定式的基本用法,但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干的理解难度。

因此,2024年中考备考要掌握不定式相关用法,熟悉动词不定式常用搭配。

名词题型命题规律【网络构建】非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

构成:(to )+动词原形 动词不定 在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状) 非 谓 构成:V .-ing语 动名词动 用法(主、宾、表、定)词构成:现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 分词 用法(表、补、定、状)考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。

从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。

所占分值通常为2~4分。

从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。

动词不定式的结构动词不定时的构成:不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

(1)肯定式:to + 动词原形It’s nice to meet you.(2)否定式:not to + 动词原形He told me not to leave this room(to是不定式符号,无意义,有时可以不带)动词不定式的句法功能1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为:①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。

公开课课件动词不定式的用法

公开课课件动词不定式的用法

05
动词不定式与其他非谓语动词比较
与动名词比较
动词不定式和动名词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语等成分,但它们的意义和用法 有所不同。
动词不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作,而动名词则表示抽象的、习பைடு நூலகம்性的动作。
在某些情况下,动词不定式和动名词可以互换使用,但表达的含义可能有所不同。
与现在分词比较
动词不定式和现在分词都可以表示主 动的动作,但它们的时态和语态有所 不同。
在某些情况下,动词不定式和现在分 词可以互换使用,但需要根据具体语 境来判断。
动词不定式不受时态限制,可以表示 过去、现在或将来的动作,而现在分 词则通常表示正在进行的动作。
与过去分词比较
动词不定式和过去分词都可以表示被动的动作,但它们的用法和意义有 所不同。
动词不定式表示被动的动作时,需要使用助动词be的适当形式,而过去 分词则可以直接表示被动的动作。
03
动词不定式在句子中作用
作主语
01
动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词 用单数形式。
02
常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句后。
作宾语
能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine等 。
动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时 ,通常要用it作形式宾语,而把真正的 宾语动词不定式置于句后。
择合适的动词形式。例如,正确的表达是 “I enjoy listening to music”,而不是
“I enjoy to listen to music”。
逻辑主语问题
要点一
不定式逻辑主语与句子主语不一 致
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。例如,正 确的表达是“It is important for you to study hard”, 而不是“It is important for him to study hard”。

动词不定式讲义

动词不定式讲义

动词不定式讲义动词不定式I.不定式的形式:II.不定式的否定形式: 在不定式符号to前加not / never即:not/never to doIII. 不定式的逻辑主语:for sb to doNote: 当形容词是说明主语的性质时(即:可以说sb is +adj.), 要⽤of sb to do eg. It’s important for us to look into the world. It’s impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.IV.作⽤(所做成分):主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语1.做主语:1)单个的不定式做主语,谓语动词⽤单数eg。

To master a foreign language calls for a great deal o f memory work。

2)可⽤it 作形式主语,不定式放后eg。

It is necessary to learn English well。

3)同动名词区别:动名词表习惯性、经常性的动作;不定式表具体动作eg. Swimming is good.To swim this afternoon is good.2.做表语: 不定式做表语表⽰主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,从时间概念上说含有将来意义。

Eg. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.He seemed to know everything about this matter.Note: 1) aim, purpose, wish 等词做主语表语⼀定⽤to doEg. The writer’s purpose is to tell us some facts.My wish is to go to college.2) 当主语是从句,且从句中带有实意动do 时, 做表语的不定式可省略toeg. What I want to do is (to) help you make progress in English.3.做宾语: 1)做动词宾语常见的动词有:agree, afford, ask, choose , decide, expect, fail, hope, help, learn,manage, plan, pretend, promise, offer, want, wish2) 做介词宾语时, 不能单独⽤, 要加上疑问词eg. I am interested in what to do next.3)it作形式宾语:think, find, consider, make, feel 等+ it+ n./adj. + to do/doing/句Eg. I made it a rule to read English aloud for 10 minutes every day.I found it no use talking with him about this.We thought it a pity that the meeting should have been cancelled.I think it possible for him to come tomorrow.I think it likely that he will come tomorrow.4) but/except + 不定式(注意:besides doing)(1) 前有动词do 后省不定式符号toeg. He does nothing but complain.He has nothing to do but cry.He has no choice but to accept the fact.(2) cannot but docannot choose but do have to docannot help but doeg. He can’t choose but do it.I can’t help but feel very worried.I can’t but wonder what will happen.4.做定语:放在被修饰词的后⾯1)与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系(句中主语是动作的发出者)Eg. Have you anything to do this evening?I have some friends to invite over.Note: The secretary asked the boss “Do you have anything to be typed?”2) 与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系Eg. The next person to speak here is my friend Tom..Note: (1)to be done 作定语表⽰还没发⽣的动作(即:将来的动作)done作定语表⽰已发⽣的动作(即过去的动作)being done作定语表⽰正在发⽣的动作Eg. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.The meeting held yesterday was very important.The meeting being held now is very important.(2) 表顺序的first, second, last 等词后⼀定是不定式修饰.Eg. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.His son was the second to be killed in the war.(3) 如果动词是不及物动词,需加相应的介词。

动词不定式

动词不定式

Unit7—Unit8英语复习讲义稿编制:廖志高一、语法:动词不定式(The Infinitive)(一)、动词不定式的概念:to+动词原形(二)、什么时候动词用不定式?一个句子中不止一个动词,并且这个动词又不作谓语,一般情况下,这个不作谓语的动词常用动词不定式,即:to+动词原形。

﹡(三)、英语中常见的十个动词后动词不定式省to:(注意:被动语态中没有省to的情况。

)一、看:see, look, watch, notice;二、听listen, hear;三、感觉feel;四、使役let, make, help; (★help;后的动词不定式,既可带to+动词原形,也可省to,而后动词,仍用原形。

)﹡(四)、“疑问词+不定式”结构1.疑问词或疑问词组要放在不定式之前:如:A. What to do is a big problem.B. I know how to use the computer.C. Can you tell me which way to go .2.宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”结构的转化:当主句中的主语和宾语从句中的主语是同一类人或物,而且引导该从句的引导词是which, what, how, where 等疑问词时,可将宾语从句中的主语删掉,将其转化为“疑问词+不定式”这一结构。

如:I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.﹡(五)、如何对不定式划线提问A.当不定式放在及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语后时,对不定式提问用疑问词what. 如:●I know where to go .→What do you know?●She asked me when to start.→对不定式提问用疑问what did she ask me ?B.当不定式放在不及物动词后一般表目的,对不定式提问用疑问why.如:I went there to buy some candies. →why did you go there?﹡(六)、注意:see sb. do (doing)看到某人(正在)做;hear sb. do (doing) 听到某人(正在)做;watch sb. do (doing ); 观看某人(正在)做;▲上述三组词组中,如果强调当时正在后就用动词ing 形式;反之,后就用省to的动词原形。

动词不定式讲解PPT讲稿

动词不定式讲解PPT讲稿
动词不定式讲解课件
概说
动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的 一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。 动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式, 很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,
掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定 式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆
动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立 充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。 二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形” 构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的 否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时 not不能再与助动词连用)。
巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀:
• 想要拒绝莫忘记
• (want, refuse, forget) • 需要努力就学习 • (need, try, learn) • 喜欢帮助加同意 • (like help agree ) • 希望决定后开始 • (hope, decide, begin, start)
点击规律:在find \ feel \ think\ consider
+ it + adj.+ to do sth.句型中,it是形式
宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语)
如:
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.
• You must remember to lock the door when you leave
动词不定式基本用法口诀
• 不定式有标记, to与动原连一起。 • 没有人称数变化, 动词特点它具备。 • 主宾定状表状语, 惟独作谓不可以。 • not加上不定式, 否定结构要牢记。 • 疑问词与不定式, 构成短语有意义。 • 仔细推敲多思考, 准确判断有依据。

初二英语动词不定式讲义和练习 附带答案

初二英语动词不定式讲义和练习 附带答案

初二年级英语动词不定式讲义和对应练习动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。

有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。

动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。

如:1、把不定式置于句首。

如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2、用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。

如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything”, the teacher says.注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。

英语语法讲义(1)动词不定式

英语语法讲义(1)动词不定式

英语语法讲义(1)动词不定式动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。

这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。

不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例),不及物动词没有被动语态。

时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing /一、不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。

1、有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。

例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determineelect endeavor hope fail help learnlong 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretendrefuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

2、有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。

例如:ask choose expect help beg intendlike/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Lecture 2 Infinitive-----动词不定式1非谓语动词(Non-Predicate Verb):在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。

1.1 非谓语动词与谓语动词相似点有:1.如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用。

They built a house.They suggested building a house.2.都可被状语修饰。

The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3.都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式、进行式和完成式)的变化。

He was beaten by his parents.He avoided being beaten by his parents.We have written composition.Having written the composition, we handed it in.4.都可有逻辑主语。

We started the work at once.The boss ordered us to start the work at once.We are Party members.We being Party members, the work was well done.1.2非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1.2.1非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中作主语、宾语、表语。

1.2.2 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

1.2.3 非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

2 动词不定式的结构形式温馨口诀:动作同时一般式,有时还用进行式,前面动作完成式。

被动要有被动式,否定to前加not。

2.1一般式(动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生。

)I’m glad to meet you.(同时)He wants to be an artist.(之后)The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack.2.2 进行式(动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。

)He seems to be reading in his room.(同时)2.3 完成式(动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

)I regretted to have told a lie.I am sorry for the article not to have been finished in time.3 动词不定式的作用。

温馨口诀:主宾表定状,宾补能用上。

3.1 作主语To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语。

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.3.2 作表语His job is to clean the hall.3.3 作宾语I hope to see you.如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。

He found it important to study English.也可以充当介词宾语。

I have no choice but to stay here.They did nothing except work.有时也可与疑问词连用。

He gave us some advice on how to study English.3.4 作宾补I saw him come in.3.5 作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后面。

He was the last guest to arrive. (主-动关系)He found a good house to live in. (动-宾关系)I have no wish to quarrel with you. (同位关系)如果不定式修饰名词time, place, way,可以省略介词。

He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.3.6 作状语He worked day and night to get money.(表目的)He arrived late to find the train gone.(表结果)They were sad to hear the news.(表原因)3.7 作主补She is known to be a good teacher.3.8 作独立成分To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he t alked.4带to动词不定式做宾语4.1 要想干,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量干。

A.要求,想要,希望:want wish hope expect intend meanB.同意:agree promiseC.意愿:care hate refuseD.决定,企图:determine decide attempt try manage4.2 其它动词:Afford aim appear arrange bother believe choose claim come consent dare demand desire decline elect endeavor fail hesitate offer happen help seek learn neglect pledge plan prepare pretend seem swear undertake volunteer wait long(渴望)5不带to的动词不定式的常用动词和结构:5.1温馨口诀:一感feel, 二听hear, listen to ,三让have, let, make, bid(旧用法:嘱咐、命令),四看see, look at, observe, watch;还有except 和but, 前面有实义动词do, to 略去;主语从句有实义动词do式,to有to无都可以。

其它不带to的不定式情况:5.2 在半助动词之后,如:be about to/ be able to/ be apt to/ be bound to/ be due to/ be going to / be liable to/ be obliged to/ be supposed to/ be sure to/ be to/ be willing to / had better/best/ have to/ have got to / come to / fail to / get to/ tend to /be certain to/ be (un)likely to / appear to / chance to / happen to/ seem to/ turn out to/ etc. (p210. 18.1.1/p220.19.1.2. b)直接加上不含to的不定式。

The boy has to make a living by begging.He is unwilling to help me with my English.He seems to be very disappointed.注:半助动词含有的“to”,不能看成小品词,而应该看成半助动词的一部分,不能分割。

5.3 在情态成语之后,直接加上不带to的不定式。

would rather/would sooner/would (just) as soon +than-/as-+do (宁愿…而不愿)may/might (just) as well do(不妨,可以)cannot but/ cannot help but(不能不,不由得不)The hero said: “I would rather die than surrender.”Since it’s a fine day we may as well have a walk.I cannot but choose to go.I would as soon stay at home.5.4 rather than/sooner than 用法。

5.4.1 rather than与sooner than同义,多与would连用,构成“would rather...than...”句式,均作“宁可…而不”解释,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。

前者多见,置于句首时,其后跟不带to的不定式。

Sooner than marry him, she would earn her living as a waitress.Rather than lose the children, she would die.当rather than与sooner than出现于句中其他位置时,其后不定式既可带to也可不带to.I decided to go home by taxi rather than wait here.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.5.4.2 rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”。

它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。

5.4.2.1连接两个名词或代词He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

5.4.2.2 连接两个形容词The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

相关文档
最新文档