自考英语英语语法基础材料句法

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)

2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

非谓语动词的特征：

1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)

4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools here.

这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般to write to be written

进行to be writing /

完成to have written to have been written

完成进行to have been writing /

现在分词主动被动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

过去分词一般written

动名词主动被动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written 动词不定式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1 动词不定式作主语：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.

掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。

To teach English is my favorite.

教英语是我的爱好。

It's my pleasure to help you.

很乐意帮助你。

动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.

你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.

有必要找到目击者。

2 动词不定式作宾语：

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.

What I wish is to learn English well.

我所希望的是把英语学好。

I like to help others if I can.

如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。

3 动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.

我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.

请叫他快过来。

4 动词不定式作表语：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.

我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5 动词不定式作定语：