新编英国文学选读(Lecture_2_Chaucer)
新编英国文学选读
新编英国文学选读一、导言英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的作品和文化背景。
本文档将介绍一些英国文学的经典作品，从中选取了一些值得读者关注的作品进行推荐和解析，旨在帮助读者更好地了解和欣赏英国文学的魅力。
二、经典作家与作品1. 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）作为英国文学的巨擘，莎士比亚的作品贡献不可估量。
他创作了许多著名的戏剧作品，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
这些作品揭示了人性的复杂性和命运的无常，给读者带来深刻的思考和感受。
2. 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最具影响力的女作家之一。
她的作品通常以描写中产阶级社会为主题，如《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀的小说通过幽默细腻的笔触，刻画了不同人物之间的复杂情感和社会关系，深入剖析了当时社会的种种局限与偏见。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯是维多利亚时代的重要作家，他的作品描写了工业革命时期英国的社会问题，如贫困、不公平和人性的黑暗面。
其中最著名的作品有《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯的作品具有鲜明的社会批判意义，通过丰富的人物和故事情节，展现了人性与社会的复杂关系。
4. 奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）王尔德是19世纪末英国文学的代表作家之一，他以其独特的幽默和讽刺风格著称。
他的作品通常涉及社会道德和性别角色的讨论，如《道林·格雷的画像》、《温夫人的扇子》等。
王尔德的作品充满了智慧和深意，常常引人深思。
三、推荐阅读的作品1. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）这是简·奥斯汀最著名的小说之一，以其幽默和独特的视角吸引了无数读者。
小说以英国乡村社会为背景，描绘了主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特在社交场合中遭遇的一系列困境和误会。
通过对婚姻制度和社会规范的讽刺，奥斯汀对当时社会的种种偏见和局限进行了批判，展示了女性的独立和智慧。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(杰弗里 乔叟)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
《英国文学选读》(王守仁)课后答案-英国文学选读课后答案
Geoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales1. How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales?Early spring. General tone: happy, easy, lively, humorous.2. Character of the Knight?The knight displays many traits which make him seem almost too good to be true, and a true gentleman that rarely exists in reality. The knight holds four main admirable traits, making him the most liked traveler in "The Canterbury Tales," and also amplying the doubt of his realism. From the characters impressive introduction, it is clear that this man is the most valued and honorable traveler among the group. This perfect gentleman holds a love of ideals that are often not displayed by people. First and foremost, he believes in the ideals of chivalry, and always stays true to its principles. He also feels that one should be honest, truthful and faithful, which many people are not all of these ideals. The knight thinks one should only do what is right, and what will gain him honor and reputation. This character also believes in freedom and generosity towards all, and displays this ideal repeatedly throughout the novel. And lastly, the knight also strongly feels that any proper person should display courtesy and elegance at all times.Another aspect of this character's life which makes him seem too prestigious to be truthful is his impressive military career. He fought in the holy war, The knight obviously held a very respectable reputation, and was treated with much honor and respect. He was a perfect gentleman, showing kindness and understanding to everyone he came in contact with. The knight was extremely well-mannered, always being on his best behavior. His appearance was the "finishing touch," adding honor and integrity to his courageous and gentle spirit.This main character was clothed still in his armor, wearing a tunic of harsh cloth and his coat of mail is rust-stained, clearly showing remaining signs of past battles.Shakespeare Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet's can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet? Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bittersufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscover’d country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet. Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself . So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P131. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? (Page 14)The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer days are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. the poet"And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6) as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various aspects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die.At last two lines, the poet explains how the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike summer days. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13) the poem is outwardly a simple statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer.At last, the poet starts to praise that the beloved is so great and awing that sheis to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see, so long lives this and this gives life to thee.”(line 13、14) that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.2. What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer’s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “love” or “beauty” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.Francis BaconOf Marriage and Single Life P171. Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?In the easy Of Marriage and Single life, Bacon prefers marriage to single life. He thinks “unmarried men are best friends; best masters; best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives are of that condition”, “Wives are young men’s mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men’s nurses”.I have to say his words can still be true today; I’m at his back, though many young people now choose to remain single no mater male or female. But since “3S ladies” or “overleft ladies” become the catch word, the female seems more terrible. Maybe because women are easier to get old but to men 30 is the gold ages of career development. For the main reasons of 3S ladies, some are high standard for husband; some are the further studying. For men, maybe they are fighting in business; maybe they are too bad to find a wife.Then we can see all the state of present marriage. Even though some say “marriage is the tomb of love”, I yet support marriage. Marriage and family make people more responsible and loving, make deeper love between spousesand make life more colorful.The ability to love and be loved is the most precious of gifts given to man, which should be highly treasured. Family let a man learn to care the whole unit. He has to take good care of his wife and son, love them, be responsible for them, all of which are the same to women. All these qualities are vital to anyone’s career. When you work back home, wife or husband is always the listener to you, son the warm heart to you. Spouses help each other and support each other; family is the harbor for soul. Thus it is help to one’s career development.2.Certainly, wife and children are “a kind of discipline of humanity”。
英国文学史及选读课件 3 Geoffrey Chaucer
叙述风格
采用现实主义和浪漫主义 相结合的叙述风格，语言 生动幽默，富有诗意。
人物形象塑造与主题思想
人物形象
塑造了各种鲜明的人物形象，如 骑士、修女、商人、农民等，反
映了当时社会的多样性。
主题思想
探讨了爱情、婚姻、道德、宗教、 社会等主题，表达了对人性的深刻 洞察和对社会现实的批判。
文学价值
《坎特伯雷故事集》被誉为英国文 学的经典之作，对后来的英国文学 产生了深远影响。
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PART 03
Geoffrey Chaucer其他 代表作品选读
REPORTING
Troilus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》
故事背景
以古希腊特洛伊战争为背景，讲 述了特罗勒斯与克丽西德的爱情
在世界文学史上的地位和评价
在世界文学史上的地位
Geoffrey Chaucer被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，他的作品代表了英国文学的最高成 就之一。他的诗歌不仅在英国文学史上占有重要地位，而且对世界文学的发展产 生了深远的影响。
在世界文学史上的评价
Geoffrey Chaucer的作品在世界文学史上得到了广泛的认可和赞誉。他的作品被 翻译成多种语言，在世界各地广为流传。他被认为是一位具有世界影响力的伟大 作家，他的作品对于理解人类文化、历史和情感具有重要意义。
不同文化语境下Geoffrey Chaucer作品接受度分析
要点一
不同文化语境对Geoffrey Chaucer作品接受…
由于不同文化语境下读者的价值观念、审美趣味、文化传 统等方面存在差异，因此对Geoffrey Chaucer作品的接受 度也会有所不同。
要点二
Lecture2 Chaucer
4. The artisitc features of The Canterbury Tales:
1). Realistic presentation of characters and contemporary life: vivid characters and a realsitic picture of the English society of Chaucer’s time; 2)Chaucer’s humor: He is well-skilled in mild and subtle irony to create humorous effects.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
The Prologue: The Prologue contains a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures. Almost all classes of the English feudal society are represented by these thirty pilgrims. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer's time. That is why Chaucer has been called "the founder of English realism."
6. His Language style: Chaucer's language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. His verse is among the smoothest in English.
新编英国文学选读复习资料
En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re a dingsDe ve lopm e nt of English Lite ra ture1 . Ea rly a n d M e die va l English lite ra ture ( -1 4 8 5 )2 . The English Re na is sa nce (15 5 0 -16 4 2 ? )3 . Th e 1 7 th Ce ntu ry –Th e Pe riod of Re volu t ion a n d Re stora t ion4 . The 1 8 th Ce ntu ry –T h e Age of Enlighte nm e nt5 . Th e Rom a ntic Pe riod (1 7 9 8 -1 8 3 2 )6 . Th e Victoria n Age (1 8 3 2 -1 9 0 1 )7 . Th e 2 0 th Ce n t u ry Lit e ra t u re –M o d e rn is m a n d Po s t- M o d e rn is mCha pte r 1 Ea rly a nd M e die va l En g lish lite ra ture一． Ep ic （史诗）A poe m th a t ce le bra te in the form of a co ntinu ous n a rra t ive the a chie ve m e nts of o ne or m ore he roic pe rsona ge s of history or t ra d it ion.Am ong the gre a t e pics of the w orld m a y be m e ntione d the Ilia d, Odysse y a nd Ae ne id of cla ssica l.Be ow ulf1 . H istorica l Ba ckgro u n d1)) Thre e Inva s ions:A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5B. C - 4 10 A. D)B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Pe riod)C.The Norm a n Conq u e st (The Anglo-Norm a n Pe riod)2)) Tw o W a rs:A.The Hundre d Ye a rs W a r (1 3 37 -1 4 5 3 )B.The W a r of th e Rose (1 4 5 5 -1 4 85 )a . Anglo-Sa xo n Poe t ry : Pa ga n(异教的） &Christia n Be ow ulf /w orks of Ca e d m on a nd Cy ne w u lf.b. Anglo-Norm a n Poe t ry : Rom a ncec.Poe try in Age of Cha u ce r：d.. Popula r Ba lla ds: Ba lla d s of Ro binHood 2 . 评价1） Be ow u lf is a n a t i o na l e pic（史诗） of English pe o ple .2） It is the re pre se nta t ive w ork of th e e a rly English lit e ra tu re w ith 3 0 00 lin e s .3 ） It s w rit e r is u nknow n.4 ） Be ow u lf is a folk le ge nd brou g ht to Engla nd by the Anglo Sa xon from the ir prim it ive Northe rn Eu rope .5 ） Be ow u lf w a s pa sse d do w n fro m m o uth to m outh.6 ）Be ow u lf w a s w rit te n dow n in the 1 0 t h ce n tu ry .3 . Ch a ra cte rs in th e s to ry :Be ow u lf: a ne p he w of king of Ge nts, a pe ople in De nm a rk.Hrothga r: king of De nm a rk.Gre nde l: a m onste r.She -m onste r(女妖怪 ): Gre nde l’s m othe r.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onste r.4. Ou t line o f Th e Son g o f Be o w u lfTe u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill the m onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the king of Scyldings (Sw e d e n) for 5 0 ye a rs.The n in orde r to ga in m ore tre a sure for his pe ople , h e fought ha rd w ith a fie ry fire dra ke a nd w a s d e a d ly w o und e d , e ve ntu a lly d ie d . His la st w ill w a s to a sk his pe ople to b u ild his to m b in to a be a con for the se a fa re rs w ho sa ile d a long the co a st.5. The w rit in g fe a tu re s o f Be o w u lf ?1 ） The m ost im porta nt is in a llit e ra t ive (头韵的 ) ve rse a nd in a rt is t ic form .Eg：Thus m a d e the ir m ourning the m e n of Ge a t la nd,Fo r th e ir h e ro ’s p a ssin g, h is h e a r th-co m p a n io n s2 ） An othe r is the fre q u e nt u se of m e ta p hors a nd unde rsta te m e nts(低调陈述 ) for ironica l hu m or.ring-give r: king he a rth-com pa nions: a t te nd a nt w a rriors w ha le ’s roa d : se a -w oo d:not t rou ble som e : ve ry w e ll二 Rom a nce （传奇）1 ．介绍1 ）T he lite r ature for the uppe r class2 ）A long composition in ve rse or prose , a bout knights—adve nture s3 ）S ubje ct matters: about the matte r of Britain, the mate r of Fra nce , the m atte r of Rome4 ）c onte nt :love chivalry a nd re ligion5 ）骑士精神：l oyalty,brave l y.hone s ty2 . 代表作1 ） King Arthur a nd His Knights of the Round Ta ble :the most importa nt roma nce of the pe riod 2）Sir Gawa in a nd the Gre e n Knight : The best Arthuria n rom ance , a nonymous, in a l lite rative ve rseIts chara cte rs : King Arthur, Sir Gawain, the Gre e n Knight三 Ba lla d（民谣）1 . A ba lla d is a story told in song, u sua lly in 4 -line sta nza s, w ith the2 nd a nd 4 th rhym e d .2 .The Su bje cts of English Ba lla ds1 ) stru ggle of you ng lo ve rs2 ) the conflict be tw e e n love a nd w e a lth3 ) the crue lty of je a lo usy4 ) the criticism of th e civil w a r5 ) the m a t t e rs of cla ss s t ru ggle3 .代表作Robin ho od ba lla ds四．Ge offre y Cha uce r1 . 评价1 ） Th e first gre a t English po e t2 ） Th e fa th e r of English poe t ry3 ） Th e re pre se nta t ive w rite r in the M e d ie va l English lit e ra tu re2 . C ha u ce r’s thre e lit e ra ry pe riod s :1 ） Th e first or th e Fre nch pe riod:The Rom a u nt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》 a t ra nsla t ion, po pu la r in M iddle a ge sThe Book of the Duche ss 《悼公爵夫人》 , the be st w ork of the t im e Cha uce r’s lite ra ry ca re e r2 ） Th e se cond or the It a lia n p e riod:Troilus a nd Crise yde 《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》a poe m of a love story3 ） The third or the English pe riod, his be st pe rio d :The Ca nte rbury Ta le s《坎特伯雷故事集》 , i s m a s te rpie ce a nd a re pre se nta t ive w orks of th e M id dle Age s.The Ca nte rbury Ta le s1. O u t lin eIt op e ns w ith a ge ne ra l prologu e w he re w e a re told of a com pa ny of pilgrim s , 3 2 one s th a t ga the re d a t Ta b a rd Inn in Sou th w a rk, a su bu rb of Londo n. The y a re on the ir w a y to the shrine of St. Thom a s Be cke t a t Ca nte rbu ry . Th e y se t ou t tog e the r w ith the jo lly innke e pe r, Ha rry Ba ily , w ho prop ose d tha t e a ch pilgrim sh ou ld te ll tw o t a le s on the w a y to Ca nte rbury a nd tw o m ore on the w a y ba ck. But , tota lly only 2 4 ta le s a re finishe d . The pilgrim s a re from va riou s pa rts of Engla nd, re pre se n ta t ive s of a ll w a lks of life a nd socia l grou ps, knigh ts, m onks, w id ow s a n d prie st e tc. His w ork show e d a strikingly brillia nt a nd pictu re sq u e pa nora m a of his t im e a nd his country.2. C h a u ce r’s la n g u a g e :1) His la ngu a ge is fu ll of hu m or a nd sa t ire .2) His la ngu a ge is vivid, e xa ct a nd sm o oth, a m a ste r of w ord-pictu re s .3) He is the first to u se h e roic co uple t w hich he introduce d from Fra nce .4)He is the first gre a t poe t w ho w rote in the English la ngu a g e , m a king the dia le ct of London the sta n d a rd for th e m ode rn English spe e ch.Ps:1 . W h a t is t h e “h e ro ic co u p le t ”?Th e h e roic cou ple t is a ve rse form in e pic poe try, w ith lin e s of te n sylla ble s a nd five stre sse s , in rhym ing pa irs .(英雄诗体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。
英国文学选读 Lecture2 Geoffrey Chaucer
Metical Rhythm of The Canterbury Tales
• As soon as April pieces to the root - / / - / - / -/ The drought of March, and bathes each bud and shoot / / - / - / / Through every vein of sap with gentle showers / / - / - / / From whose engendering liquor spring the flowers / - / / / /
Iambic pentameter • 五步抑扬格
Historical background
• 1. the Hundred Years War (1337 – 1453) : awake national consciousness in England. French was gradually replaced by English native tongue. • 2. The Black Death(1348-1350) killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population • 3. the peasant uprising of 1381: the conflict between the peasants and feudal lords. • 4.1360-1400 the summit of Middle English Literature.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
His half-course in the sign of the Ram has run, 朝升的太阳奔跑过半程 And the small fowl are making melody 鸟雀啁啾，欢唱爱情 That sleep away the night with open eye 让沉寂的黑夜张开眼睛 (So Nature pricks them and their heart engages) 自然在撩拨众生的情怀 Then people long to go on pilgrimages, 心存敬仰之人将去朝拜 And palmers long to see the strange strands, 人们踏上通向天国之路 Of far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands. 前往著名的遥远圣域 And specially, from every shire’ Chaucer’s Life
新编英国文学选读
新编英国文学选读引言英国文学是世界文学的瑰宝之一，承载着英国人民的智慧和创造力。
自古以来，英国文学就以其丰富的文化内涵和卓越的艺术风格而闻名于世。
在新编英国文学选读中，我们将深入了解英国文学的丰富内涵和优秀代表作品。
第一章：英国文学的起源与发展英国文学的起源可以追溯到古代，当时的英国人依靠口头传统来传承知识和文化。
在这一章节中，我们将了解到古代英国文学的特点以及代表作品，如贝奥武夫和亚瑟王传说等。
同时，我们还将探讨英国文学是如何在中世纪和文艺复兴时期得以繁荣发展的。
第二章：伊丽莎白时代的文学伊丽莎白时代是英国文学史上的黄金时期，这个时期的文学作品多样且富有创造力。
莎士比亚是这个时期最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》等至今仍被广泛上演和研究。
此外，约翰·密尔顿的史诗《失乐园》也是这一时期的重要作品之一。
第三章：启蒙运动与浪漫主义的兴起18世纪，英国文学迎来了启蒙运动的兴起。
启蒙运动提倡理性和学问的重要性，对整个英国社会产生了深远的影响。
在这一时期，约翰·洛克的政治哲学著作《人类理解论》和亚当·斯密的经济学著作《国富论》等深刻地影响了欧洲社会的发展。
随后，浪漫主义成为了19世纪英国文学的主导风格。
浪漫主义作品强调情感和个体的力量，其中威廉·华兹华斯的《世界上最后一朵野玫瑰》、塞缪尔·柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》等都是经典之作。
浪漫主义的影响也延续到了维多利亚时代。
第四章：维多利亚时代的文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上一个重要的时期，这一时期的文学作品反映了当时社会的变革和发展。
查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》是维多利亚时代最具影响力的小说之一，透露出社会阶级问题和工业化带来的人道困境。
同时，勃朗特姐妹的《呼啸山庄》和《简爱》也是这一时期的经典之作。
第五章：现代主义与当代英国文学20世纪初，现代主义运动的兴起对英国文学产生了巨大影响。
代表性作品如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《至灵阁》、T·S·艾略特的《荒原》等，都是现代主义文学中的杰作。
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By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was probably the sister of John of Gaunt‘s third wife; she was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III’s queen. During the years 1370 to 1378, Chaucer was frequently employed on diplomatic missions to the Continent, visiting Italy in 1372–73 and in 1378. From 1374 on he held a number of official positions, among them comptroller/-'--/ of customs on furs, skins, and hides for the port of London (1374–86) and clerk of the king's works (1389–91). The official date of Chaucer's death is Oct. 25, 1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Geoffrey Chaucer
（1340？-1400） 杰弗里· 乔叟
I. Chaucer’s Life
II. Chaucer’s Literary Career III. The Canterbury Tales IV. Chaucer’s Contribution
I. Chaucer’s Life
Some previous literary sources
Boccaccio [bəuˈkɑ:tʃiəu]薄伽丘(Giovanni, 1313-1375, 文艺复兴时期意大利作家, Decameron [diˈkæmərən] 《十日谈》的作者) Dante[ˈdæ nti] 但丁(意大利诗人,1265-1321,the Divine Comedy《神曲》的作者) Ovid[ˈɔvid]: Roman poet known for his explorations of love, especially the Art of Love (c. 1 b.c. ) and Metamorphoses [ˌmetəˈmɔ:fəsɪsiz] (c. a.d. 8). 奥维 德：公元前 43年- 公元 17年罗马诗人，以其对爱的研 究，尤其是《爱的艺术》（公元前1年 )和《变形记》 （公元 8年）而闻名。
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Also among the works of this period are the unfinished Legend of Good Women《贤妇传说》, a poem telling of nine classical heroines, which introduced the heroic couplet (two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) into English verse; the prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe《论星盘》, written for his son Lewis; and Troilus and Criseyde 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》, based on Boccaccio's Filostrato（《爱的摧残》又名《菲洛斯特拉托》）, one of the great love poems in the English language . In Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer perfected the seven-line stanza later called rhyme royal帝王韵(抑
French period and his early works Chaucer's literary activity is often divided into three periods. The first period includes his early work (to 1370), which is based largely on French models, especially the Roman de la Rose 玫瑰传奇and the poems of Guillaume 德 马肖 . Chaucer's chief de Machaut 纪尧姆· · works during this time are the Book of the Duchess, an allegorical lament written in 1369 on the death of Blanche, wife of John of Gaunt, and a partial translation of the Roman de la Rose.
A portrait of Chaucer
II. His works / writing periods of career
– French period (1360’s —1372)
– Italian period (1372—1385)
– English period (1387—1400)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Chaucer’s life experience
1. He was born into a wine merchant family in London. 2. At 17, he became a page in a nobleman’s household. 3. At 19, he went to France with the English army and was imprisoned 4. He was married to a maid of honor to the queen at 26. 5. At 27 he entered the service of the king. 6. From 1372-1373 he went to Italy on diplomatic missions. 7. In 1374, he was made controller of customs in London. 8. He was even made MP for Kent in 1386. 9. He died in 1400 . 10. He was buried in Westminster Abbey—the Poets’ Corner.
Italian Period and his works
Chaucer's second period (up to c.1387) is called his Italian period because during this time his works were modeled primarily on Dante and Boccaccio. Major works of the second period include The House of Fame《声誉之宫》, recounting the adventures of Aeneas[i'ni:əs] 埃涅阿斯 (伊尼亚斯) 维纳斯之子，特洛伊勇 将 after the fall of Troy; The Parliament of Fowls《禽鸟 议会》, which tells of the mating of fowls on St. Valentine's Day and is thought to celebrate the betrothal (n. 婚约, 订婚礼)of Richard II to Anne of Bohemia; and a prose translation of Boethius' De consolatione philosophiae(波埃修斯《哲学的慰藉》).
Lecture 3
Chaucer the Canterbury Tales
(1) Revision
1, How did the Norman conquest affect the life and literature of the English people? 2, What’s a Romance? 3, Tell the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. ments on the features of Piers, the Plowman. 5.Morte d’Arthur is written by— 6, For what is Wycliff remarkable in literature?
Wine merchant’s family, rub elbows with people from different walks of life
Life and Career
The known facts of Chaucer‘s life are fragmentary and are based almost entirely on official records. He was born in London between 1340 and 1344, the son of John Chaucer, a vintner（n. 葡萄酒商）. In 1357 he was a page in the household of Prince Lionel, later duke of Clarence, whom he served for many years. In 1359–60 he was with the army of Edward III in France, where he was captured by the French but ransomed.