新航道2016年上半年雅思阅读考情分析
雅思16t3阅读
雅思16t3阅读【原创版】目录1.雅思 16t3 阅读简介2.文章的主要内容和结构3.文章的详细解析4.文章的结论和影响正文【雅思 16t3 阅读简介】雅思 16t3 阅读是一道雅思阅读题目，主要考察考生的阅读理解和分析能力。
这道题目要求考生在阅读一篇文章后，根据文章内容回答一系列问题。
这篇文章主要讨论了一个与环保相关的话题，考生需要通过仔细阅读，理解文章的主旨和细节，以便正确回答问题。
【文章的主要内容和结构】文章主要讨论了环保的重要性和方法。
文章首先介绍了环保的背景和现状，然后分析了环保的必要性和紧迫性。
接着，文章提出了一些具体的环保方法和措施，如减少塑料的使用、推广可再生能源等。
最后，文章总结了环保的意义和价值，呼吁人们积极参与环保活动。
【文章的详细解析】文章开头部分主要介绍了环保的背景和现状。
作者指出，随着工业化和城市化的发展，环境污染和生态破坏日益严重，给人类社会和自然环境带来了巨大的影响。
作者通过举例和引用数据，说明环境问题的严重性和紧迫性。
文章第二部分分析了环保的必要性和紧迫性。
作者认为，环保不仅是人类社会的责任和义务，也是人类自身生存和发展的需要。
环保不仅可以保护自然环境，维护生态平衡，还可以促进经济和社会的可持续发展。
作者通过理论和实践相结合的方式，说明环保的重要性和价值。
文章第三部分提出了一些具体的环保方法和措施。
作者认为，环保不仅仅是一个理念和口号，更需要付诸实践和行动。
作者提出了一些具体的环保方法和措施，如减少塑料的使用、推广可再生能源、鼓励低碳出行等。
这些方法和措施既有实用性，也有针对性，可以有效地解决环境问题。
文章结尾部分总结了环保的意义和价值，呼吁人们积极参与环保活动。
作者认为，环保是一项长期而艰巨的任务，需要全社会的共同努力和参与。
作者通过呼吁和激励，希望人们能够积极行动起来，为环保事业贡献自己的力量。
【文章的结论和影响】总的来说，这篇文章是一篇关于环保的重要文章。
20160416雅思阅读考情分析
答案：
1.I
2.H
3.A
4.B
5.E
6.Tudor
7.JB*****
8.Why***
9.Fudor
10.A healthy dietary- frost product
11.Refrigerated transport- big cities
12.The invention of CRC-danger
科目
阅读
考试日期
2016年4月16日
考题概述与分析：
Passage One
新旧情况：旧80103
题材：发展史
题目：The impact ofrefrigeration
题型：1-5 时间配事件 6-9 人名配成就 10-13 句首配句末
文章大意：时间顺序讲了概述，冰箱运输的需求，问题，改进，形成火车运输，汽车运输有毒物质 发明crc，进一步发展（共7段）
HClinical neurology offers other surprises. Some patients with "locked-in" syndrome, who are almost totallydeprived of the ability to move voluntarily, can yawn normally. The neural circuits for spontaneous yawning must exist in
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析：1.剑桥雅思16test3阅读概述剑桥雅思16test3阅读部分包含了三篇文章，分别是：教育类、科学与技术类和生态环境类。
本文将针对这三篇文章进行详细解析，帮助考生了解文章主旨、结构以及试题答案。
2.文章主题与结构分析（1）教育类文章：本文讨论了在线教育与传统教育之间的优劣，以及未来教育的发展趋势。
文章结构为：引言-对比分析在线教育与传统教育-阐述在线教育的优势-阐述传统教育的优势-结论。
（2）科学与技术类文章：本文探讨了睡眠对人体健康的重要性，以及睡眠不足带来的负面影响。
文章结构为：引言-睡眠的重要性-睡眠不足的负面影响-建议与措施-结论。
（3）生态环境类文章：本文讲述了全球气候变化对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响，以及科学家采取的保护措施。
文章结构为：引言-气候变化对珊瑚礁的影响-保护措施-措施的效果-结论。
3.试题答案及解析在此部分，我们将提供每篇文章对应的试题答案及详细解析，帮助考生掌握试题规律，提高答题效率。
4.考试技巧与策略针对剑桥雅思16test3阅读部分的试题特点，本文将提供一些实用的考试技巧与策略，包括：（1）提高阅读速度：通过训练提高阅读速度，以便在规定时间内完成试题。
（2）抓住文章主旨：在阅读过程中，关注文章的主题句、段落首尾句，迅速把握文章大意。
（3）利用题干关键词：在解答问题时，利用题干中的关键词在文章中定位答案。
（4）识别题型：熟悉各类题型，掌握解题思路和方法。
5.实战演练与建议根据剑桥雅思16test3阅读部分的试题特点，建议考生在备考过程中进行大量实战演练，提高自己的应试能力。
同时，针对性地总结自己的弱点，加强对各类题型的掌握。
总之，剑桥雅思16test3阅读部分的文章解析为考生提供了很好的学习材料。
通过本文的解析，考生可以更好地理解文章结构、掌握试题答案，并提高自己的阅读技巧。
剑桥雅思16test3阅读2解析
剑桥雅思16test3阅读2解析简介本文将对剑桥雅思16test3阅读2进行详细解析和分析，以帮助读者更好地理解和应对此类题型。
原文概述剑桥雅思16test3阅读2的原文主要讲述了有关气候变化的问题。
文章指出，全球变暖是当今最为严重的环境问题之一，导致了许多问题，包括冰川融化、海平面上升等。
文章提出了一种解决方案，即通过减少二氧化碳排放，来减缓全球气候变化的速度。
现象描述首先，文章对全球变暖的现象进行了描述。
它指出，全球变暖导致了冰川融化，进而导致了海平面上升。
文章给出了一些具体的数据，如冰川消失的速度、海平面上升的高度等。
这些数据突出了全球变暖的严重性。
原因分析接着，文章对全球变暖的原因进行了分析。
文章提到了许多影响全球变暖的因素，如工业排放、交通排放、森林砍伐等。
这些因素都导致了大量的二氧化碳排放。
文章还提到了温室效应的原理，即二氧化碳等温室气体能够吸收地球表面的热量，并重新向地球辐射，从而导致地球温度升高。
解决方案介绍文章在最后提出了解决全球变暖问题的方案，即减少二氧化碳的排放。
文章指出，国家应该采取措施来限制工业和交通的排放，并加强森林保护与植树造林工作。
此外，个人也可以通过减少用电用水、选择低碳的交通方式等方式来减少自己的碳排放。
解析与讨论全球变暖带来的问题文章中指出，全球变暖导致了冰川的融化，这对世界的水资源和生态系统都产生了巨大的影响。
此外，由于海平面上升，沿海地区面临着被淹没的风险。
这些问题需要我们重视和解决。
影响全球变暖的因素文章列举了几个主要的因素，包括工业排放、交通排放和森林砍伐。
这些因素导致了大量的二氧化碳排放，加速了全球变暖的进程。
因此，减少这些排放是解决问题的关键。
减少二氧化碳排放的措施文章提到了国家和个人可以采取的措施。
国家可以通过限制工业和交通的排放，加强森林保护和植树造林来减少二氧化碳的排放。
个人可以从日常生活中做起，减少用电用水，选择低碳的交通方式等。
全球合作的重要性解决全球变暖问题需要全球的合作和共同努力。
新航道2016年上半年雅思口语考情分析
新航道2016年上半年雅思口语考情分析需要机经的同学，请点击：2016雅思机经下载（新航道雅思机经回忆已经全新升级，现在的雅思机经回忆包含大量的雅思原文回忆，感兴趣的同学可长期关注本频道！我们还提供免费PDF版雅思机经下载哦！）近期的雅思考试阅读项目频繁撞题新航道9分达人雅思阅读，想要下载9分达人的同学，请点击：9分达人雅思阅读下载另外，新航道雅思听力预测和口语预测一直延续着辉煌的战绩，需要预测的同学，请点击：新航道雅思预测（考前一周内更新）新航道2016年上半年雅思口语考情分析2016年已经过去了一半，在这半年里，雅思口语经历了两次惊心动魄的换题。
下面就让上海新航道雅思口语团队的老师根据上半年的雅思口语出题情况，从多方面来分析这半年的考情。
一、2016年1-4月part1 考情分析part 1话题相对稳定，没有出现真正意义上很难、距离学生生活较远的“新题”。
新出现的题目部分为“老题回库”，而老题部分也是保证了大部分学生在2015年9-12月的part1中见过的话题。
2016年第一季度part1出现的“新题”一共有七个，分别为：computer、bicycle、handcraft、park、science、study efficiency、dance其中 computer、bicycle以及dance是老得进入过剑桥雅思书本的part 1话题，这两年考雅思口语的学生可能会感觉陌生，但是它们其实只是从剑桥书本里重新回归到2016年1-4月的part1新题题库中。
park 这个话题在2015年雅思口语part1中也是出现过的。
那么这样一来剩下的 handcraft、science以及study efficiency算是真正剑桥雅思口语出题委员会给学生设置的一点关卡了。
不过只要学生够仔细，便不难发现其实handcraft可以是跟以前出现过的gift这个话题套在一起。
例如，大家出门旅游买了手工品回来作为礼物送给朋友，这样手工艺品即使你自己没有亲自动手做过，也算是接触过的。
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析
《剑桥雅思16test3》的阅读部分是雅思考试中的一部分，包
括三篇阅读文章，每篇文章后面都有一系列问题需要回答。
解析这
部分内容需要从多个角度进行分析，包括文章的主题、结构、作者
观点、论据以及问题的类型和解题技巧等方面。
首先，对于阅读文章的解析，我们需要分析文章的主题和结构。
主题是文章所讨论的中心内容，而结构则包括文章的段落组织和逻
辑发展。
通过分析主题和结构，可以帮助考生更好地理解文章的内
容和脉络，从而更准确地回答后面的问题。
其次，我们需要分析作者的观点和论据。
作者的观点是指作者
对于文章主题的看法或立场，而论据则是支持作者观点的事实、数
据或例证。
理解作者观点和论据有助于考生在回答问题时准确把握
文章的含义，避免在选项中被混淆。
最后，针对问题的类型和解题技巧也是需要考虑的方面。
不同
类型的问题需要不同的解题策略，比如细节题、推断题、主旨题等，考生需要根据问题的要求选择合适的解题方法，同时要注意排除干
扰选项，确保选择的答案符合文章的意思。
综上所述，《剑桥雅思16test3》阅读部分的解析涉及到文章的主题、结构、作者观点、论据以及问题的类型和解题技巧等多个方面。
通过全面分析这些内容，考生可以更好地应对雅思阅读部分的挑战，提高解题的准确性和效率。
新航道2016年上半年雅思听力考情分析
新航道2016年上半年雅思听力考情分析需要机经的同学，请点击：2016雅思机经下载（新航道雅思机经回忆已经全新升级，现在的雅思机经回忆包含大量的雅思原文回忆，感兴趣的同学可长期关注本频道！我们还提供免费PDF版雅思机经下载哦！）近期的雅思考试阅读项目频繁撞题新航道9分达人雅思阅读，想要下载9分达人的同学，请点击：9分达人雅思阅读下载另外，新航道雅思听力预测和口语预测一直延续着辉煌的战绩，需要预测的同学，请点击：新航道雅思预测（考前一周内更新）新航道2016年上半年雅思听力考情分析连雨不知春去,一晴方觉夏深。
又是一年夏来到，2016的年中，随着过去六个月的雅思考试的结束，是时候让我们回顾一下2016年上半年雅思听力的考情。
一、题型总结2016年1月9日至6月25日总计进行了24场考试(其中1月9日，分A,B卷)。
纵观上半年考试，尽管填空题仍是听力考试的主流，但是选择类的题目也摆明了上涨的势头(如下图表1)。
考题所呈现出填空题与选择类题型数量逐渐持平的状态，也预示着2016年考题走向--题目难度增大，侧重听力理解与排除干扰。
二、各SECTION考试情况分析1、SECTION ONE尽管此部分仍然以填空题为主，但第一部分的基本信息题(如人名，地址，数字，日期，邮政编码)并没有成为以往考试的重点考察内容，反而加深了场景难度，出现了一些较为生僻的以往第一部分不常涉及的考点词汇(如booth, carnival, thunderstorm, helicopter, massage等)。
并且增加了干扰性强且同义替换频繁的匹配题的比重(如下图2)。
这一变动意味着减少了section 1的送分题，对考生提前进入听力考试状态和词汇基本功的要求加大。
2、SECTION TWO第二部分的重要构成仍是旅游和学生课外活动两大经典场景。
但相较往年，今年在第二部分就已经开始加入讲座场景，如5月7日考试的section 2是关于研究红松鼠的主题，场景难度和词汇深度明显加大。
20160421雅思阅读考情分析
20160421雅思阅读考情分析科目阅读考试日期2016年4月21日考题概述与分析：Passage One题目：What do managers do相似背景文章仅供参考Development ofPublic management theoryBureaucracy management: The classic oneA Several theorists bridged the gap between strictly private and public sector management. One good example is Max Weber exploring sociologist, who explored the ideal bureaucracy in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Bureaucratic Theory was developed by a German Sociologist and political economist Max Weber (1864- 1920). According to him, bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organisation. The organisation has a well-defined line of authority. It has clear rules and regulations which are strictly followed. According to Max Weber, there are three types of power in an organisation: Traditional Power, Charismatic Power, and [3lBureaucratic Power or Legal Power.The characteristics or features of Bureaucratic OrganisationB Weber admired bureaucracy for its trustworthiness. The bureaucracy was constituted by a group of professional, ethical public officials. These servants dedicate themselves to the public in return for security of job tenure(长期任职) among the many advantages of public employment. There is a high degree of Division of Labour and Specialisation as well as a defined Hierarchy of Authority. There are well defined Rules andRegulations which follows the principle of Rationality, Objectively and Consistency. There rules cover all the duties and rights of the employees. These rules must be strictly followed. Selection and Promotion is based on Technical qualifications. There are Formal and Impersonal relations among the member of the organisation. Interpersonal relations are based on positions and not on personalities.C Bureaucratic organisation is criticised because of the following reasons: Bureaucratic orgartisation is a very rigid (adj. 僵硬的，死板的) type of organisation. Too much emphasis on rules and regulations which are rigid and inflexible. It does not give importance to human relations. No importance is also given to informal groups which nowadays play an important role in all business organisations. Yet, too much importance is given to the technical qualifications of the employees for promotion and transfers. Dedication and commitment of the employee is not considered. It is suitable for government organisations. It is also suitable for organisations where change is very slow. There will be unnecessary delay in decision-making due to formalities and rules. It is appropriate for static organisations. There is difficulty in coordination and communication.Management : A consolidated disciplineD Herbert Simon, Chester Barnard, and Charles Lindblom are among the first of those recognized asearly American public administrators. These men ushered in an era during which the field gained recognition as independent and unique, despite its multidisciplinary nature. Simon contributed theoretical separation to discern management, decisions based upon fact versus those made based on values. Since one cannot make completely responsible decisions withpublic resources based solely on personal values, one must attempt to upon objectively determined facts. Simon developed other relevant theories as well. Simil ar to Lindblom’s subsequently discussed critique of comprehensive rationality, Simon also taught that a strictly economic man, one who maximizes returns or values by making decisions based upon complete information in unlimited time, is unrealistic. Instead, most public administrators use a sufficient amount of information to make a satisfactory decision:, they" satisfice. "E In decision-making, Simon believed that agents face uncertainty about the future and costs in acquiring information in the present. These factors limit the extent to which agents can make a fully rational decision, thus they possess only "bounded rationality" and must make decisions by "satisficing, " or choosing that which might not be optimal but which will make them happy enough. "Rational behavior, in economics, means that individuals maximizes his utility function under the constraints they face (e. g. , their budget constraint, limited choices, . . .) in pursuit of their self-interest.F Chester Barnard was also one of the watershed scholars. Barnard published "The Economy of Incentives" (1938), in an attempt to explain individual participation in an organization. Barnard explained organizations as systems of exchange. Low-level employees must have more incentive to remain with the organization for which they exchange their labor and loyalty. The organization (and higher level employees) must derive sufficient benefit from its employees to keep them. The net pull of the organization is determined by material rewards, environmental conditions, and other intangibles like recognition. He gives great importance to persuasion, much more than to economicincentives. He described four general and four specific incentives including Money and other material inducements; Personal non-material opportunities for distinction; Desirable physical conditions of work; Ideal benefactions, such as pride of workmanship etc.A new humanist era: Rethinking power and managementG Humanists embrace a dynamicconcept of an employee and management techniques. This requires a theoretical shift away from the idea that an employee is a cog in the industrial machine. Rather, employees are unique individuals with goals, needs, desires, etc.H The humanist era ushered in other possible interpretations of such topics as power and management. One of the most significant was Douglas McGregor’s "Theory X a nd Theory Y. " McGregor’s work provided a basis for a management framework, a structure upon whose rungs the classic and new-aged management might be hung. First, commonly held by early management theorists, Theory X begins with the assumption that humans possess an inherent aversion to work. Employees must therefore be coerced and controlled if management expects to see results. Further, lazy humans prefer direction bordering micromanagement whenever possible.I Theory Y is much more compatible with the humanist tradition. This begins with the assumption that work is as natural for humans as rest or play. Further, employees will direct and control themselves as they complete objectives. Humans learn naturally and seek responsibility. Consequently, managers need only to steer employees in a cooperative manner toward goals that serve the organization. There is room for many to create and share power.j The Z-Organization can be thought of as a complimentary third element to McGregor’s dichotomy. Zorganizations are a Japanese organizational model. Similar to Theory-Y management, Z organizations place a large degree of responsibility upon the employees. Further, relatively low-level employees are entrusted with the freedom to be creative, "wander around the organization" and become truly unique, company-specific employees. However, employees achieve only after "agreeing on a central set of objectives and ways of doing business" In Z Organizations, decision-making is democratic and participatory. Despite the many advantages of this organizational model, there are several draw-backs. These include the depredation of a large professional distance—de-personalization is impossiblein Z-organizations. Since, in reality, there is high percentage of workers would like work for the financial return than the job objectives. A high level of self-discipline is also necessary.Questions 14-21Choose Two appropriate letters and fill in boxes 14-15.What are the features and advantages for Bureaucratic Management?A There are equal opportunities coming from little hierarchy of authority among companies.B employees’ promotion can be much fairer which is based on job duties not on charactersC employees enjoy a greater freedom of duties than their strict rightD Selection and Promotion is based on mastery of new technology.E These employees can dedicate themselves to the public forstability of a long term jobChoose Two appropriate letters and fill in boxes 16-17.What are the limitations for the ideas of Bureaucratic Management?A Commitment of the employee is not taken into consideration enough.B There is difficulty in decision-making based on formalities and rules.C Employees are casually oragnised as no importance is given to formal groups.D There is difficulty in enforcement of rules and regulationsE It is not applicable to dynamic organisations where change is very fast.Choose Two appropriate letters and fill in boxes 18-19.What are the aims of management as Douglas McGregor’s work of the “Theory Y.”A Employees must be coerced and controlled if management expects to see results.B Employees has natural tendency for rest or play.C Humans will not automatically seek responsibility.D managers may guide employees in a cooperative manner toward objectivesE There is little room for manager to designate or share his power.Choose Two appropriate letters and fill in boxes 20-21.What are the limitations for the “Theory Z.”A decision-making is democratic and participatoryB organization mode has inherent design faultC not all employee set higher interest in the job than that of wagesD Personalization remains un-eliminated in organizationsE self-discipline is an unnecessary qualityQuestions 22-26Use the information in the passage to match the people(listed A-E) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.NB Some people may match more than one ideasA Mark weberB McGregorC Herbert SimonD Chester BarnardE Charles Lindblom22 Employees like to follow professional, ethical public officials to secure a job.23 Highly effective can be achieved only after "agreeing ona core of objectives and method of doing things24 Man agers need to take the employees’ emotional feeling, besides the material rewards, into incentivessystem.25 Individuals can maximize their self-interest when all the budget and choices are utilised well26 The assumption that humans possess a natural dislike to work who ought to be forced and controlledPassage Two题目：Unique golden texitile答案：待补充Passage Three题材：科研题目：Memory champions or just a trick？近似背景文章仅供参考：Memory decodingTry this memory test: Study each face and compose a vivid image for the person's first and last name. Rose Leo, for example, could be a rosebud and a lion. Fill in the blanks on the next page. The Examinations School at Oxford University is an austere building of oak-paneled rooms, large Gothic windows, and looming portraits of eminent dukes and earls. It is where generations of Oxford students have tested their memory on final exams, and it is where, last August, 34 contestants gathered at the World Memory Championships to be examined in an entirely different manner.AIn timed trials, contestants were challenged to look at and then recite a two-page poem, memorize rows of 40-digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photographs, and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. Some tests took just a few minutes; others lasted hours. In the 14 years since the World Memory Championships was founded, no one has memorized the order of a shuffled deck of playing cards in less than 30 seconds. That nice round number has become the four-minute mileof competitive memory, a benchmark that the world's best "mental athletes, " as some of them like to be called, are closing in on. Most contestants claim to have just average memories, and scientific testing confirms that they're not just being modest. Their feats are based on wicks that capitalize on how the human brain encodes information. Anyone can learn them.BPsychologists Elizabeth Valentine and John Wilding, authors of the monograph Superior Memory, recently teamed up withEleanor Maguire, a neuroscientist at University College London to study eight people, including Karsten, who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championships. They wondered if the contestants' brains were different in some way. The researchers put the competitors and a group of control subjects into an MRI machine and asked them to perform several different memory tests while their brains were being scanned. When it came to memorizing sequences of three-digit numbers, the difference between the memory contestants and the control subjects was, as expected, immense. However, when they were shown photographs of magnified snowflakes, images that the competitors had never tried to memorize before, the champions did no better than the control group. When the researchers analyzed the brain scans, they found that the memory champs were activating some brain regions that were different from those the control subjects were using. These regions, which included the right posterior hippocampus, are known to be involved in visual memory and spatial navigation.CIt might seem odd that the memory contestants would use visual imagery and spatial navigation to remember numbers, but the activity makes sense when their techniques are revealed. Cooke, a 23-year-old cognitive-science graduate student with a shoulder-length mop of curly hair, is a grand master of brain storage. He can memorize the order of 10decks of playing cards in less than an hour or one deck of cards in less than a minute. He is closing in on the 30- second deck. In the Lamb and Flag, Cooke pulled out a deck of cards and shuffled it. He held up three cards—the 7 of spades, the queen of clubs, and the 10 of spades. He pointed at a fireplace and said, "Destiny's Child is whackingFranz Schubert with handbags. " The next three cards were the king of hearts, the king of spades, and the jack of clubs.How did he do it? Cooke has already memorized a specific person, verb, and object that he associates with each card in the deck. For example, for the 7 of spades, the person (or, in this case, persons) is always the singing group Destiny's Child, the action is surviving a storm, and the image is a dinghy. The queen of clubs is always his friend Henrietta, the action is thwacking with a handbag, and the image is of wardrobes filled with designer clothes. When Cooke commits a deck to memory, he does it three cards at a time. Every three-card group forms a single image of a person doing somethingto an object. The first card in the triplet becomes the person, the second the verb, the third the object. He then places those images along a specific familiar route, such as the one he took through the Lamb and Flag. In competitions, he uses an imaginary route that he has designed to be as smooth and downhill as possible. When it comes time to recall, Cooke takes a mental walk along his route and translates the images into cards. That's why the MRIs of the memory contestants showed activation in the brain areas associated with visual imagery and spatial navigation.EThe more resonant the images are, the more difficult they are to forget. But even meaningful information is hard to remember when there's a lot of it. That's why competitive memorizers place their images along an imaginary route. That technique, known as the loci method, reportedly originated in 477 B. C. with the Greek poet Simonides of Ceos. Simonides was the sole survivor of a roof collapse that killed all the other guests at a royal banquet. Thebodies were mangled beyond recognition, but Simonides was able to reconstruct the guest list by closing his eyes and recalling each individual around the dinner table. What he had discovered was that our brains are exceptionally good at remembering images and spatial information. Evolutionary psychologists have offered an explanation: Presumably our ancestors found it important to recall where they found their last meal or the way back to the cave. After Simonides' discovery, the loci method became popular across ancient Greece as a trick for memorizing speeches and texts. Aristotle wrote about it, and later a number of treatises on the art of memory were published in Rome. Before printed books, the art of memory was considered a staple of classical education, on a par with grammar, logic, and rhetoric.FThe most famous of the naturals was the Russian journalist S. V. Shereshevski, who could recall long lists of numbers memorized decades earlier, as well as poems, strings of nonsense syllables, and just about anything else he was asked to remember. "The capacity of his memory had no distinct limits, " wrote Alexander Luria, the Russian psychologist who studied Shereshevski from the 1920s to the 1950s. Shereshevski also had synesthesia, a rare condition in which the senses become intertwined. For example, every number may be associated with a color or every word with a taste. Synesthetic reactions evoke a response in more areas of the brain, making memory easier.GK. Anders Ericsson, a Swedish-born psychologist at Florida State University, thinks anyone can acquire Shereshevski's skills. He cites an experiment with S. F. , an undergraduate who was paid to take a standard test of memory called the digit span forone hour a day, two or three days a week. When he started, he could hold, like most people, only about seven digits in his head at any given time (conveniently, the length of a phone number). Over two years, S. E completed 250 hours of testing. By then, he had stretched his digit span from 7 to more than 80. The study of S. F. Led Ericsson to believe that innately superior memory doesn't exist at all. When he reviewed original case studies of naturals, he found that exceptional memorizers were using techniques—sometimes without realizing it—and lots of practice. Often, exceptional memory was only for a single type of material, like digits. "If we look at some of these memory tasks, they're the kind of thing most people don't even waste one hour practicing, but if they wasted 50 hours, they'd be exceptional at it, "Ericsson says. It would be remarkable, he adds, to find a "person who is exceptional across a number of tasks. I don't think that there's any compelling evidence that there are such people. " Questions 27-30The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The reason why competence of super memory is significant in academic settings28 Mention of a contest for extraordinary memory held in consecutive years29 An demonstrative example of extraordinary person did an unusual recalling game30 A belief that extraordinary memory can be gained though enough practice31 A depiction of rare ability which assist the extraordinarymemory reactions Questions 32-36Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet. Using visual imagery and spatial navigation to remember numbers are investigated and explained. A man called EdCooke in a pub, spoke a string of odd words when he held 7 of the spades (the first one of the any cards group) was remembered as he encoded it to a 32 and the card deck to memory are set to be one time of a order of 33 ; When it comes time to recall, Cooke took a 34 along his way and interpreted the imaginary scene into cards. This superior memory skill can be traced back to Ancient Greece, the strategy was called 35 which had been an major subject was in ancient 36 .Questions 37-38Choose TWO correct letter, A-EWrite your answers in boxes 37-38 on your answer sheet.According to World Memory Championships, what activities need good memory?A order for a large group of each digitB recall people's faceC resemble a long Greek poemD match name with pictures and featuresE recall what people ate and did yesterdayQuestions 39-40Choose TWO correct letter, A-EWrite your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.What is the result of Psychologists Elizabeth Valentine andJohn Wilding's MRI Scan experiment find out?A the champions' brains is different in some way from common peopleB difference in brain of champions' scan image to control subjects are shown when memorizing sequences of threedigit numbersC champions did much worse when they are asked to remember photographsD the memory-champs activated more brain regions than control subjectsE there is some part in the brain coping with visual and spatial memory1.本次考试均为三个新题，分别关于三种管理方式，蜘蛛与纺织品和解密记忆力。
新航道2016上半年托福阅读考情分析及备考建议
2016上半年托福阅读考情分析及备考建议推荐：托福TPO阅读大全：/toefl/tpoyuedu/579191.html (更新到1-48）此次考情分析集合了2016上半年所有场次的托福阅读考试文章，对文章按照学科进行了分类分析，内容将包含四个主要部分：1. 文章分学科统计;2. 不同文章类型特点分析;3. 对应TPO文章推荐;4. 下半年应对托福阅读考试策略。
1、学科统计从不同文章的出现频率来看，生物和历史类文章还是托福阅读考察的重点，两种学科话题占总文章数量的72%(生物42.1%，历史29.8%);而这两种类型的文章出现的频率也都超过80%，这也意味着不出意外的话，考生们都会在考场上遭遇这两个学科的文章，甚至一场考试有可能遭遇两篇生物类的文章。
将今年上半年文章统计和TPO真题做一个对比会发现生物和历史这两大学科的文章的占比有所上升，而这一趋势也在最新的TPO真题中体现出来(TPO40-48)，建议下半年参加考试的考生备考时一定要用到最新的TPO真题模考练习。
此外，除了生物和历史类文章，其他学科的文章出现频率相对比较正常，唯一值得注意的是艺术类文章在上半年考试中出现的非常少，只出现两篇，因此要提醒考生们下半年可能会出现较多的艺术相关的文章。
同样的，生理和心理类文章在上半年考试中也是不见踪影，需要提醒大家在下半年考试中要注意。
总结来说，生物和历史类文章仍旧是考生重点准备对象；地理、社会和环境类也是在考场上很可能遭遇的学科，同样需要重点准备；此外天文、艺术和心理生理类文章所占比重相对较低，可以考虑针对自身情况选择性准备。
2、文章特点分析了解托福考试的考生们都知道，托福考试看似学术专业性很强，专业词汇出现较多，但是文章特点鲜明，考察学科范围比较有规律，在掌握了一定的学科背景之后能够很大程度帮助我们应对考试，这里简单对每个学科的文章特点和背景进行分析，相信能够帮助大家针对性备考。
生物类众所周知，当代生物学界最重要的理论就是19世纪由英国生物学家达尔文提出的生物进化论。
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析
剑桥雅思16test3阅读解析摘要：I.剑桥雅思16test3 阅读解析A.阅读题目与答案B.阅读文章主题与解析C.考生反馈与建议正文：剑桥雅思16test3 阅读解析剑桥雅思16test3 阅读部分包括三篇文章，分别涉及罗马造船技术与航海、挪威冰川融化后所显露出来的古代遗迹以及植物内部温度测量分子对其生长的影响。
以下是对这三篇文章的详细解析。
A.阅读题目与答案1.第一篇文章主要讲述罗马造船技术与航海，文章中提到了罗马船的构造、航行速度以及在当时所取得的成就。
根据题目要求，需要判断以下五个陈述是否正确。
答案：FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE2.第二篇文章讲述挪威冰川融化后所显露出来的古代遗迹，主要涉及一座古城和其中的一些建筑。
题目要求判断以下五个陈述是否正确。
答案：FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE3.第三篇文章讲述植物内部温度测量分子对其生长的影响。
文章提到了一种新型温度测量方法，以及对植物生长的影响。
题目要求填空，需要根据文章内容填写七个空格。
答案：略。
B.阅读文章主题与解析1.第一篇文章讲述了罗马造船技术与航海。
文章指出，罗马船采用了一种特殊的构造，使得它们在航行时速度较快且稳定。
在当时，罗马船的技术领先于其他国家，甚至对于后来的船舶设计也产生了影响。
2.第二篇文章讲述了挪威冰川融化后所显露出来的古代遗迹。
文章介绍了一座古城及其中的建筑，这些遗迹为我们了解古人的生活提供了宝贵的信息。
3.第三篇文章讲述植物内部温度测量分子对其生长的影响。
文章介绍了一种新型温度测量方法，通过测量植物内部的温度，可以更好地了解植物生长的过程，从而为农业生产提供指导。
C.考生反馈与建议1.对于第一篇文章，考生普遍认为题目难度适中，需要对罗马造船技术与航海有一定的了解。
建议考生在备考过程中，多关注这一类的话题，以便在考试中更好地应对。
2.对于第二篇文章，考生普遍认为文章内容较为陌生，需要具备一定的背景知识。
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新航道2016年上半年雅思阅读考情分析
需要机经的同学，请点击：2016雅思机经下载（新航道雅思机经回忆已经全新升级，现在的雅思机经回忆包含大量的雅思原文回忆，感兴趣的同学可长期关注本频道！我们还提供免费PDF版雅思机经下载哦！）
2016年上半年的24场雅思考试已经全部结束。
回顾这24场考试，我们对阅读考试部分进行了一个梳理
和总结，并对2016年下半年考试趋势进行预测，同时也针对此种趋势为大家的复习备考提供了相应的建议。
希望大家在下半年的“屠鸭”之路上能够顺利前行。
新航道2016年上半年雅思阅读考情分析
1、2016年上半年雅思阅读题型统计
纵观这六个月的阅读考试，雅思阅读各题型中单词填写题(31%)、匹配题(26%)、判断题(23%)是出现最多
的三种类型的题目，三者一共占据了八成雅思考试题目。
紧随其后的是出镜率较高的单选(8%)和段落标题
(9%)，多选题则出现不多只占3%。
总体上讲，对于细节题的考察仍是雅思阅读考试的重点(见下图)。
单词填写和判断两者加起来占据雅思
阅读考试的半壁江山，这对于大家的备考是非常有利的，特别是阅读分数要求不高的学生。
但是，匹配题的异军突起是我们不能忽视的。
特别像是在今年的1月、4月和5月，匹配题出现的比例
一度超过30%以上(1月占34%、4月占36%、5月占33%)，成功超越其他题型成为当月考试出现比例最大的题
型。
对于冲击高分的学员来说，要格外多注意对三种匹配题(理论/属性、段落+信息、句首句尾)的训练，特
别注意多种匹配题同时出现在一篇文章中的搭配练习。
对于其他题型来说，雅思阅读三座大山之二的段落标
题出现的频率稳中有升但幅度不大，这对于广大考生来说还算是一个安慰。
同时出现频次比较稳定的另外一
种题型时是多选题，但是单选题数量的减少是非常值得我们关注的。
大家从下图即可看出，与2015年全年相比，2016年上半年单选题下降幅度较大，从去年的16%掉落到今年的9%，题量将近少了一半。
于此同时，配对题则从去年的21%增长到26%，单词填写题从29%增长到31%。
所以，大家的备考重点除了要提升针对细节题的把握，在单词填写题目和判断题上少失分，同时从匹配题明显的增加来看，还需要多多训练同义替换的识别能力，特别是针对如何把题目抽象信息快速在文中的具体信息里识别的能力。
此外，大家也要在心理上做好一篇文章考很多匹配题的准备，合理分配好时间，以免在考场上乱了阵脚。
2、2016年上半年雅思阅读题材统计
2016年1月到6月共进行了24场考试，出现AB卷的考试有2场，其中一次B卷内容不详。
所以一共出现了75篇文章。
人文历史发展类占比40%、教育管理与心理学占比23%、科技类18%、动植物15%、人物传记4%。
从统计的内容可以看出，多数Passage1和passage2的文章倾向于说明文题材，及介绍性的讲说某些物质，材料或者文化的发展过程及历史。
而passage3的文章多倾向于议论类型的或者不易理解的抽象类文章，如教育心理学类别。
所以建议高分数段要求的同学，多练练此类文章。
分数段要求在中间段的同学，要多侧重于历史发展类，动植物类文章。
稳扎稳打，把握住细节。
平时也可以看看BBC相关话题的纪录片，增加背景知识，易于理解。
3、其他与雅思阅读考试相关的重要事项
1、成绩抽查、AB卷同考
相比于去年7月到9月的大范围高频抽查，雅思上半年的成绩抽查显得低调平稳很多，仅仅在个别月份进行了小范围的抽查，其中主要集中在5月7日和5月25日的两场考试中，而成绩被取消的情况也鲜少出现。
因此各位考生不需要过于担心这一情况，但仍然需要做好充分的应考准备，尽量均衡四科成绩，同时注意两次报考时间的间距，以应对突击的成绩抽查。
此外，AB卷的现象相较于去年下半年也比较低频，仅在1月9日和4月30日出现两次，新题旧题都有出现。
因此建议广大考生在熟悉旧题的同时也需要着力提升英语能力，不要过多依赖于预测文章与市面上参差不齐的机经资料，平时多加练习熟悉题型与解题技巧，多加积累同义替换与高频考点，做好充分的准备以应对考试。
2、机考2016年上半年雅思比较大的动作可能就是出现在机考这个方面了。
对于机考，简而言之大部分同学还是不用刻意为机考而担忧和准备。
机考只是针对UKVI类的考试，而且机考与纸考是并行的，不是说机考将会取代纸考。
即使你选择机考，你的口语考试形式仍然是采用和考官面对面的形式进行。
所以，雅思机考只是考试形式发生了变化，考试的内容和评分标准并没有发生变化。
3、雅思考试当天流程调整
英国文化教育协会为了保证考务流程管理的安全性，自2016年6月18日起，雅思考试将全面启动现场照相和生物识别技术，包括指纹采集和验证，考生将无需提供个人照片。
建议大家在考试当天提前到达现场以完成个人物品放置，身份证验证，检录入场等一系列重要靠前准备工作。
笔试：请于考试当天7:30左右到达考点报到候考，入场截止时间为08:30.
口试：请于口试时间提前30分钟到达考场报到候考，截止入场时间为口试时间前15分钟。
总体来看，2016年上半年的雅思阅读考试还是继续保持了大方向不变，即以细节题考察为主，以人文历史发展类文章为主。
同时加重了匹配题的考察比例，减少了单选题的考察数量。
这两者的一增一减其实可以反映出一个雅思阅读考试宏观发展的方向，那就是考察难度不减反增。
展望下半年，如何收获一个满意的雅思阅读成绩呢?我们要分三步来走。
第一步，以单词填写题为首要目标，夯实基础;第二步，拿下判断题，步步为营;第三步，攻克匹配题，挑战高分。
同学，你准备好在下半年收割一波了么?。