郑州大学2011研究生复试试卷
2011年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 448汉语写作与百科知识
2011年郑州大学翻译硕士真题(448 汉语写作与百科知识)一.阅读下面的每一段话,注意其中带下划线的词的意思,然后回答后面的四个选项中哪一个与其最符合.(50分,每小题2分)1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂,但基本都可以归纳于八纲之中.疾病总的类别,有阴证、阳证两大类.病位的深浅,可分在表在里.阴阳的偏颇,阳盛或阴虚则为热证,阳虚或阴盛则为寒证.邪正的盛衰,邪气盛的叫实证,正气衰的叫虚证.A.疾病的八类证候B.疾病所有证候的统称C.人体的八种器官D.八种致病因素2.超度已故亲人是个大家都关心的问题。
如果有条件，可以在寺院里给父母立个牌位，这样每天大殿里念佛经咒时，已故亲人都会受益。
同时很多寺院都有大型的超拔法会，专门超度已故亲人和法界其他众生的。
A.送走B.救度亡灵超脱苦难C.超越D.忘却3.一名督邮到彭泽县督察，差县吏去叫县令陶渊明来见他。
陶渊明平时蔑视功名富贵，但也不得不去见上一见，于是他马上动身。
不料县吏拦住陶渊明说：“大人，参见督邮要穿官服，并且束上大带，不然有失体统，督邮要乘机大做文章，会对大人不利的！”这一下，陶渊明再也忍受不下去了。
他长叹一声，道：“我不能为五斗米向乡里小人折腰！”A.口粮B.俸禄C.道教D.权贵4.一水曾为楚汉垠，风云变化利刘军。
若非就势过沟去，会见中华久两分。
A.水沟B.大河C.天堑D.鸿沟5.杨老汉家里虽然穷，但还是咬了咬牙，从柜子里拿出几个子儿来，让儿子上街买了一幅中堂。
A.字画B.装裱纸C.幕布D.床单6.张家庄青年李小晚和张艾艾相恋，互赠罗汉钱和小方戒为爱情表记。
他们的自由恋爱遭到有封建思想的村长的反对。
艾艾的母亲小飞娥发现女儿藏有罗汉钱，回忆其自己20年前与保安相爱，被父母强迫嫁给张木匠的辛酸往事。
A.罗汉像B.首饰C.铜钱D.纸币7.北京故宫的太和殿俗称“金銮殿”，位于北京紫禁城南北主轴线的显要位置，明永乐十八年建成，称奉天殿。
明嘉靖四十一年改称皇极殿。
郑州大学2011电子与通信工程考研复试真题【回忆版】
一、英语听力专业翻译：第三代移动通信技术二:实验模电中的放大电路先在示波器中显示出输入输出信号的放大效果。
再按卷子要求测量各点的值，并由此计算一些值，四五个框框，题量很大。
三：数字信号处理笔试1.填空1分*10全通函数的极点零点位置;FFT运算量的计算，转化为基2法的运算量;频率采样定理等等，记不全了2.简答5分*4截断效应的定义及措施;x(n)与周期x(n)——X(k)(标准符号打不出来)的关系;窗口的形状和长度对滤波器的影响;什么是“预畸”及方法3.后面全是计算，有的一大道有好几道，有的只有一道关于三角函数的傅氏变换的;已知Y512的离散变换中的一些点的值，利用这些点的值自己推算还能求那些点的值;下一道忘了，下下道也忘了，好像求出的是一个低通滤波器;再然后就是已知一系统函数,分子分母均二次，系数有三个未知，系统满足线性相位，求那三个待定系数;然后是一个有好几问的题，先计算两序列线性卷积和循环卷积，然后问什么情况下两种卷积相等，再问各个序列是否满足线性相位条件，并画出频谱图;最后一个模拟低通变数字低通。
4.面试专业问题(只知道一些我所在的小组问到的)：竞争冒险的原因判别及措施;基极集电极发射极的频率特性;变压器放大与三极管放大的区别;甲类乙类甲乙类丙类放大器各自的特点;差分放大;什么是输入电阻输出电阻;负反馈自激震荡;单稳态;调制解调的目的;振幅调制各种方式的特点;触发器空翻什么的等等等等;英语问题：老师提问一个话题，回答，不用自我介绍，可怜我准备的那么长的自我介绍，完全没用上。
计算机对生活的改变;喜欢玩游戏吗(据说男生);喜欢购物吗(据说女生);介绍家乡、谈谈母校，为什么选择这个专业，这所学校、敬仰的老师(这几个新东方复试英语那个绿本本里居然都有呢);毕业设计的题目、内容;其它的记不得了。
推荐阅读：公共课（政治、英语、数学）下载郑州大学各学院招生目录郑州大学考研专业课高分必备指南。
郑大新传专硕真题及答案2011
2011年新闻与传播硕士【440新闻与传播专业基础】一、名词解释1、陆定一的新闻定义陆定一：新闻是新近发生的事实的报道。
1943年，在《我们对于新闻学的基本观点》一文中提出。
“新闻是新近发生的事实的报道”，比较明确简洁地概括了新闻的特点，它强调了事实、新鲜、时效、报道这四个构成新闻最基本的因素。
坚持马克思主义唯物论的反映论，运用唯物主义原理对事实和新闻的关系做出了科学的分析，深刻的揭示出事实是第一性的，新闻是第二性的，事实是新闻的本源，新闻是事实的反映。
这个定义不仅划清了唯物主义者和唯心主义者在新闻定义问题上的界限，还深刻批判了各种“性质”说，澄清了当时留存在人们头脑里的一些模糊认识，对坚持党报的党性和真实性原则，对指导新闻工作实践起到了重要的作用。
这个定义从思想上和理论上武装了当时和后几代新闻工作者的头脑，为我们树立马克思主义的新闻观，为我国无产阶级新闻工作者的队伍建设，作出贡献。
至今，这个定义仍然是指导我们社会主义新闻工作实践的基本观点，是我们用以辨别真假新闻的重要标准。
2、韬奋精神“热爱人民，真诚的为人民服务，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已，这就是韬奋先生的精神，这就是他之所以感动人们的地方。
”这是毛泽东同志对于我国著名新闻记者邹韬奋先生的高度评价。
邹韬奋是我国现代杰出的新闻工作者和政治家，先后创办有《生活》《新生》《大众生活》等报刊，主张新闻自由，报刊应密切联系读者，并具有自己的特点和个性，呼吁记者应当具备强烈的事业心和职业精神，对我国现代报业产生巨大影响。
故而毛泽东同志将其一生办报风格总结为韬奋精神，以激励后辈新闻工作者向其学习，韬奋精神的影响早已超出了新闻领域。
3、皮下注射论“皮下注射论”又称为“子弹论”、“魔弹论”。
背景：在20C初至30年代，传播效果研究的第一时期，大众传媒发展势头迅猛，产生巨大社会冲击；社会各界对传媒的利用达到空前程度；本能心理学和大众社会论盛行；一战的宣传战史和宣传技巧研究。
2011复试真题
1.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly time_____the last bus.A.to have caught B .to catch C.catching D.having caught2.As it turned out to be a small house party,we_____so formally.A.needn`t dress upB.did not need dressed upC.did not need dress up D needn`t have dressed up3.I apologize if I ______you,but Iassure you it was unintentional.A.should have offended Boffend C.had offended D.might have offended4.Although a teenager ,Fred could resist _____what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been told C,being told D.to have been told5,Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage_____avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been6.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests. A.before B.as C since D when7.There are over 100night schools in the city,making it possible for a profeddional to be reeducated matter ____he does.A.howB.whereC.what D,when8,I`ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school _____twenty years ago.A,about B.since C,till D.with9.He wasn `t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,_____insufficiently popular with all members.A,being considered B,considering C,to be considered D,having considered10,_____for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is,A,Had it not been B.Were it not C,Be it not C.Should it not be11.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about econmic r ecovery_____just around the corner was untrue.A,would be B,to be Cwas D,being12,Somking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _____people each year than automobile ac cidents .A,seven more times B.seven times more C,over seven times D,seven times13,It`s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague chan ges _____place in our ever-changing world.A,taking B,to take C,take D,taken14,This is an exciting area of study ,and one _____which new applications are being discovered al most daily.A.fromB.by C,in D,through15_________can be seen from the comparison of these figures ,the principle involves the active p articipation of the patient in the modification of his condition.A,As B,what C,that D, It16Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony,I was unable to attend _____such short no tice , A,to B,in Cwith D,on17.California has more light than it knows _____to do with but everything,else is expensive,A,how B,what C,which D,where18,The solution works only for couples who are self-employed,don`t have small children and get a long _____to spend most of their time together,A,so well B,too well C,well as D,well enough19,Marlin is a young man of indepengent thinking who is not about ______compliments to his pol itical leaders,A,paying B,having paid C,to pay D,to have paid20 These proposal sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital informatio n than ______in tradition media,A,exist Bexists C,existing D,to existHe was a very sick white man .He rode pick-back _21__ a woolly-headed,black-skinned savage, t he lobes of _22___ ears had been pierced and stretched until one had torn out, __23___ the other c arried a circular block of carved wood three iched in diameter. The torn ear had been pierced again , _24__ this time not so ambitiously. For the hole accommodated no more than a short clay pipe. T he man-horse was greasy and dirty, and naked__25___ for an exceedingly narrow and dirty loin-cl oth; but the white man clung to him closely and desperately. At times, from weakness, his head dr ooped and rested on the wooly pate. At __26___times he lifted his head and stared with swimming eyes at the cocoanut palms__27___ reeled and swung in the shimmering heat. He was clad in a th in undershirt and a _28___ of cotton cloth, that wrapped about his waist and descended to his knee s. On his head was a battered stetson, __29___ to the trade as a baden-powell, about his middle __ 30___ a belt, ,which carried a large-calibred automatic pistol and several spare clips, loaded and re ady for quich work. The rear was brought up by a black boy __31___fourteen or fifteen,who carr ied medicine bottles,a pail of hot water， and various other hospital appurtenances. They passed_ 32__ the compound through a small wicker gate， and went on under the blazing sun， winding _ _33___ among new-planted cocoanuts that threw no shade. There was not a breath of wind， and the superheated， stagnant air was ___34__ with pestilence. From the direction they were going a rose a wild clamour_35__ of lost souls wailing and of men in torment. A long， low shed showed ahead， grass-walled and grass-thatched， and it was from here___36__the noise proceeded. There were shrieks and screams， some unmistakably of grief， others unmistakably of unendurable pain. __37___ the white man drew closer he could hear a low and continuous moaning and groani ng. He shuddered__38___ the thought of entering， and for a moment was quite certain that he w as going to faint. For that most dreaded of Solomon Island scourges， dysentery， had struck Ber ande plantation， and he was __39___ alone to cope with it. __40___， he was afflicted himself.21.A.for B.on C.in D,to22.A.whose B whom C whoever D who23.A,where B,which C,while D,when24,A,or B,for C,and D,but25,A,save B,but C,as D,and26,A,some B,other C,any Dall27,A,these B,those C,this D,that28,A,stripe B,part C,strip D,series29,A,know B,knowing C,known D,to kown30,A was strapped B,strapped C,has strapped D would strap31,A for B,in C,at D,of32,A,out of B,out in C ,off D,of33,A around B,about C,away D,along34,A,heavy B,heated C,hot D,light35 A,so B,but C,as D,and36,Awhere B,that C.when D,who37,A,as B,since C,because D,for38 Aon B,for C,to D,at39 A some B,all C,any D,only40 A,as well B,yet C，also D,tooPassage OneThe dream of flying into outer space, cherished by the Chinese people for centuries, will soon com e true. China launched its fourth unmanned spacecraft “Shenzhou Ⅳ” on December 30 at the Ji uquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province. It was the 27th consecutive and successful laun ch of China - made rockets since October 1996. This launch has made it more realistic for China t o send a person into space on its own following Russia and the USA. Qi Faren，leading designer of the spacecraft system, said all the functions designed for manned flights have withstood the test of three previous, successful launches and return landings of the “Shenzhou”spaceships. China launched the “Shenzhou Ⅰ”, “Shenzhou Ⅱ”and “Shenzhou Ⅲ”spacecrafts in 1999,2001 and 2002 respectively. “Shouzhou Ⅳ” was to make it a more comfort able place in which astronauts can live and work. All parts of the application system for manned fl ight are aboard the “Shenzhou Ⅳ”craft in all test flights. C hina’s manned flight programme began in 1992. A number of unmanned t est flights will be launched before Chinese astronauts are sent into space. Leading scientists in cha rge of China’s manned space programme said the successful launch of the “Shenzhou Ⅳ” laid a solid founda tion for the country’s future task of sending Chinese astronauts to outer space. Officials at the centre said that“ Shenzhou Ⅴ”, a manned spacecraft, is expected to be launched later this year.41.How long did it take the fourth unmanned spacecraft to fly in space and land successfully?A.5daysB.6days C,8days D,7days42.when did China begin to launch rockets in order to send manned spaceship into space according to the text?A in 1992B in 1996C in 1999D in 200243.The italicized word “consecutive”(in Paragraph2) means”_____”.A,difficult B continuous C frequent D common44.Why can China successfully send up “Shenzhou IV”?A.Because all the parts of the spacecraft work well.B.Because China has launched manned spacecraft very successfully.C.Because Chinese scientists made effort to launch three “Shenzhou”spacecrafts into and all the fu nctions have withstood the test of successful launches into space and return landing on earth.45.Which of the following may be the best title for the text?A.China`s Success in Launching “Shenzhou V”B.China`s Dream of Moon to Come True.C.China`s Spacecraft Flight ,”Shenzhou”D.China`s Manned Space Flight ProgrammePassage twoGreenspace fadilities are contributing to an important degree to the quality of city environment. Fo rtunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject to start with t he proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted ,although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof.Recognizing the importance of greenspace i n the urban environment is a first step on the right way.This does not mean, however, that sufficien t details are known about the function of green space in towns and about the way in which the inha bitant are using these spaces.As to this subject I shall ,within the scope of this lecture ,enter into o ne aspect only ,namely the recreative function of green space facilities . The theoretical separation of living ,traffic and recreative which for many years , has been used in town-and-country plannin g ,has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreative far from home . However, there was relatively little attention for improvement possibilities in the direct neighborh ood of the home.We have come to the conclusion that is not right , because an important part of th e time which we do not pass in sleeping or working , is used for activities at and around home.So i t is obvious that recreative in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house .The urban e nvironment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible ,and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect . The very best standard of li ving is nothing if it is possible to take a pleasant walk in the district , if the children cannot be allo wed to play in the streets , because the risks of traffic are too great , if during shopping you can no where find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather ,in short ,if you only feel yourself athome after the street-door of your house is closed after you .46.The importance of the greenspace in the city environment _____.A.has been recognizedB.is paid little attention toC.is accepted on the basis of scientific proofD.is still unknown47.For many years town and country planning has _____.A.brought living area and places of environment close togetherB.put separated recreation possibilities in the neighborhoodC.improved recreational possibilities in the neighborhoodD.enabled people to reach the best standard of living48．The word ‘recreat ion” in the passage probably means_____A. activities done for pleasure or enjoymentB. doing something again in a creative wayC. dong something important after workD. required activities done after work49.According to the author ,greenspace should be designed_____A. to reduce the number of recreational activitiesB to attract more and more peopleC for people to do recreational activities at the street door or the houseD for people to conduct more activities in the neighborhood of the home50.The main idea of this passage is that_____A.attention must be paid to the improvement of recreationB,greenspace facilities is providing more recreational activitiesC,the city environment is providing more recreational acticitiesD,we should try our best to raise our living standardPassage ThreeThousands of years before Columbus came to the New World,theAmerican Indians entered North America by crossing a narrow stip of land that cnce connected Al asks and Siberia.The migrants entered a new world in which there were no people at all.But there were many animals to hunt,and there were forests there nuts,roots,and berries cold be gathered. When the Europeans came to the New World ,the Indians,at first ,taught the settlers how to plant c orn,bake fish,make canoes,and smoke tobacco .In return the whites intoroduced horses ,guns,gun-power ,alcohol.But at last ,there were struggles for land, and the struggles could have only one res ult-war.When the of land called reservations.Now,some of them irritated their tribal life,some wish to modernize the reservations.Indians have chosen-a future in modern technologv and education, or the reviva of ancient tradition and treaties.51.The lndians entered North America___A.with ColumbusB.before Columbus didC.after COlumbus'arrivalD.in 18 thcentury.52.The indians moved to a new world which was___A.once settled by EuropeansB.inhabited by primitive menC.inhabited in by American migrantspletely uninhabited by other people53.As soon as the Europeans set their foot on the New World,they___A.were hostile to the IndiansB.kept terms with IndiansC.didn't treat the Indians in a friendly wayD.traded with Indians friendly54.The most accurate statement about contemporavy Indians is___.A.most Indians reject modern culture and technologyB.some Indians preserve conventional life styleC.some Indians have adopted modern culture and technologyD.both B and C55.The Indians were good at___.A.struggles for landB.making boatsC.contemporary tribal lifeD.the revival their traditionPassage fourFor an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is o bvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over t he next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent i n 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also cr eates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and speci alized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern C alifornia’s (USC ) School of Gerontology Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from tru sts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest gr oup of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says. Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found s he was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satis fying.”56 “... Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means“________”.A) America has suddenly become a nation of old peopleB) gerontology has suddenly become popularC) more elderly professors are found on American campusesD) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students57. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________.A) from the adoption of the “elder law”B) from rendering special services to the elderlyC) by enriching their professional knowledgeD) by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests58. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?A) Retirees are more generous in spending money.B) They can employ more gerontologists.C) The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.D) There are more elderly people working than before.59. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?A) Retirees who are business-minded.B) The volunteer workers in retirement homes. C) College graduates with an MBA or law degree.D) Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.60. It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’selderly population ________.A) will provide good job opportunities in many areasB) will impose an unbearable burden on societyC) may lead to nursing home abuse and age discriminationD) will create new fields of study in universities答案： I.1-10BDBCA DCDAA11-20 DBACA DBDCAⅡ.21-30 BACDA BDCCA 31-40 DABAC BADBC。
2011年河南郑州大学英语翻译考研真题
2011年河南郑州大学英语翻译考研真题1.Vocabulary and Grammar (30%)Below each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes each sentence.1.Physics is the present-day equivalent of ______ used to be called natural philosophy, from ____most of present-day science developed.A. which, whatB. which, whichC. what, whichD. what, that2.The reason why he was accused and put into prison, as it ______, was that he was involved in a lot of illegal activities during the war.A. was turned outB. being turned outC. was being turned outD. turned out3.______, it is generally accepted as a favorite color for the wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been an unpopular colorC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been4.Despite the threat of war, most people ______ their work and life as usual.A.go forB.go afterC.go aboutD.go at5.The jewelry shop was reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight last night.A.to have been robbedB.having robbedC.having been robbedD.to be robbed6.She has to find a new apartment to live in, for she cannot ______ the loud music coming from the room upstairs every night.e up withB.catch up withC.put up withD.keep up with7.You cannot eat those apples ______ they are not ripe yet.A.provided thatB.lestC.as long asD.only if8.Being in no great hurry, ______.A.did we take the long but scenic route.B.we took the long but scenic route.C.the long bur scenic route was our preference.D.our preference was taking the long but scenic route.9.The speaker was clever enough to wander from his topic to ______ on a point that had obviously caught his audience’s attention.A.emphasizeB.interruptC.elaborateD.introduce10.When you take the medicine, be careful not to ______ the recommended highest amount printed on the bottle.A.excelB.exceedC.surpassD.overtake11.Shortly after the earthquake, the local government began to ______ food, clothing, and other daily necessities among those people who had lost their homes.A.distributeB.contributeC.attributeD.tribute12.Fresh out of college, the young man is ready to take ______ heavy responsibilities to improve himself in the shortest time possible.A.outB.onC.inD.after13.We advise you to take a larger size for this cotton T-shirt as it is likely to ______ when it is washed.A.shrinkB.decreaseC.declineD.withdraw14.The seating ______ for the new auditorium is 5000.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.quantity15.Danny left this ______ message on my answering machine：“I must see you. Meet me at seven o’clock.”Did he mean early in the morning or in the evening ? I am puzzled.A.contradictoryB.ambiguousC.explicitD.considerate16.The singers in this band are planning to go on a national tour to ______ their new album.A.proposeB.enhanceC.promoteD.expand17.Ever since the death of his wife, the lonely old man considered the loyal dog his closest______.panionB.accompanypanyD.peer18.Human behaviors are a product of learning, ______ the behavior of animals depend mainly on this instinct.A.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.whereasD.unless19.In China it is quite common for the hostess to ______ her way to entertain the visiting relatives and guests.A.go out ofB.go in forC.go withD.go back on20.The annual fee for this medical club is ______, covering all the medical examinations, consultation and other services.A.IndicativeB.indefiniteC.intensiveD.inclusive21.It is no good ______ about the current situation. Why not try to work out a solution to these problems?A.to complainplainplainingplained22.What ______ the rising housing price and increasingly fierce competition in such cities as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, many college graduates decided to go back to their hometowns to settle down.A.withB.forC.ofD.if23.I was greatly surprised to know that these tow lovers had already ______ with each other and lived separately.A.broken outB.broken downC.broken offD.broken up24.The interviewer managed to speak friendly in order that interviewees can feel ______.A.at largeB.B.at lengthC.at bestD.at ease25.He is learned and ______ professor and earns all the students’admiration and love.A.respectfulB.respectableC.respectiveD.respecting26.______ come you can be so careless? Next time, do be careful with your work.A.WhyB.WhatC.IfD.How27.If you really want to lose some weight, it is advisable for you ______ the intake of meat and sweets.A.cut inB.cut down onC.cut forD.cut up28.As the plane will not take off until one hour later, we ______ grab some food to eat in the snack bar at the airport.A.as wellB.must as wellC.might as wellD.should as well29.Tom’s ______ to his twin brother always made his friends mistook them for one another.A.resemblanceB.reluctanceC.resistanceD.reassurance30.Many sports fans stayed up late to watch the ______ broadcast of the World Cup.A.aliveB.liveC.livingD.livelyII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Section A: Multiple Choices (30%)There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete sentences. Choose the ONE answer that best answers the question or complete sentences.Passage 1When we analyze the salt salinity of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are of great importance. There are three basic processes that give rise to a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation---conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higherthan it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctic, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean watersB. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinityC. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinityD. the different forms of salts in ocean waters。
郑州大学汉语国际教育硕士复试经验和真题
本来河大的是没有任何问题的，谁知道后来河大自己划定了一个单科线，我因为两分的缘故不能参加复试了。
这个消息是在愚人节的晚上老师打电话告诉我的，没有办法，第二天我们就开始联系调剂，运气还算不错了，郑州大学文学院，汉语国际教育硕士专业接收了我的调剂，并且当天就给我发了复试通知。
4月11日开始体检，很快，晓冬陪我去的，人不是很多，大概四十分钟就结束了。
4月12日到文学院报到并审核复试资格，我按照要求，提交了一份简历，一份自荐材料，一本有我发表文章的书，一张演讲、主持、接受采访、模仿的录像。
4月13日在郑大新校区北核心教学楼参加专业课笔试——《现代汉语》，同等学力需要加试《古代汉语》、《中外文化》，特别说明：跨专业不需要加试。
4月14日在文学院四楼对外汉语教研室参加英语听力与口语面试。
4月15日参加专业课面试。
专业课笔试——现代汉语（卷子和想象中的不太一样）一共就五道题，不过这次我是做足功课的。
河大考试的《现代汉语》是胡裕树的，而郑大要考的是黄伯荣的，所以我用了五天时间来看这两本书，首先把所有要点按框架结构抄到信纸上，然后背诵，之后每天晚上都要晓冬给我提问，所以效果还是很好的。
英语口语和听力面试对于英语专业的人来说，我是第41号，一直排到了14号下午一点多才轮到。
进去之前稍微有点紧张，因为不知道前面9个人弃权，有点仓促，但是站到门口候考的时候心里唯一的感觉就是：是福不是祸，是祸躲不过！尽人事，听天命吧。
很快就进去了，主考官说：You can sit down and choose one of these articles and read it.我说：Thank you, and I choose this one about Shanghai 2010 Expo.我读了这篇文章，很短，单词倒是不难，就是刚刚进去，还没有进入状态，但是整体还是比较顺利。
读完之后，那位稍微年轻一点的老师说：OK, say something about yourself.我抬头看着两位老师说：Well, you know my name is Zhang Xiaojing and my English name is Lilac. I graduated from Henan Institute of Science and Technology, majored in English, in 2008. After my graduation, I stayed as a tutor in my college. During my nearly two years working time, I took the course of English Speaking, English Movies' Appreciation, English Teaching Methods as well as College English, Book II and Book III.（我说话的语速一般比较快，所以英语也有点快）年轻的老师很高兴地说：Your English is very good.我说：Thank you. Maybe you are wondering ……年长的老师打断说：I have no question about your English. Could you tell me your understanding of the sentence: Inovation is the soul.我刚开始没有反应过来，但是我知道不能停顿，所以我就开始胡诌：Well, you want me to say someting about my understanding of this sentence. For my part, as soon as the development of the society, more and more foreign they want to know China, and there are many tools for their understanding. It is known to all, China has a quite long history. So here "soul" means Chinese Culture. For example, dumpling is a representative of Chinese Culture……这时那位年轻的老师很高兴地打断，笑着说：So you mean dumpling is a simbol of Chinese Culture?我回答说：Yes, not only because it is very delicious, but also because it represents our Chines Spirit. You know our Chines people want the family to be together.这时那个年纪大一点老师不大乐意了，发问道：What does "inovation" mean?我回答说：创新。
郑州大学研究生考试汉语言文字学专业课及汉语史专业课真题(2007-2011)
郑州大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A）学科、专业：中国语言文字学：语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学研究方向：考试科目（代码、名称）：618、语言文学综合（一）凭记忆写出，与原卷略有出入。
一、中国古代文学试题（共45分）（一）名词解释（每题5分，共15分）1、司马迁2、《聊斋志异》3、江西诗派（二）简答题（每小题10分，共30分）1、汉代乐府诗的艺术特点2、谈谈你对《西游记》“以虚笔写实情”的理解3、阙二、中国现当代文学试题（共45分）（一）名词解释（每题5分，共10分）1、伤痕文学2、王安忆3、阙（二）简答题（每题10分，共20分）1、鲁迅小说深刻的国民批评精神表现在哪些方面？2、为什么说曹禺的《雷雨》具有深刻的人性思考？3、简述新历史主义小说的基本特征。
三、文学理论试题（共30分）（一）名词解释（每题5分，共10分）1、阙2、文学作品的四分法（二）简答题（每题10分，共20分）1、简述典型形象的艺术特征2、文学作为语言艺术，它具有什么艺术特征？四、现代汉语试题（共30分）（一）判断题（每题1分，共10分）（二）选择题（每题1分，共10分）（三）分析（每题5分，共10分）对一个短语和一个句子的层次分析郑州大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A）学科、专业：中国语言文字学：语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学研究方向：考试科目（代码、名称）：618、语言文学综合（一）五、中国古代文学试题（共30分）（三）名词解释（每题5分，共20分）4、《战国策》5、永明体6、沉郁顿挫7、浙西词派（四）简答题（10分）1、略述辛弃疾词作的艺术成就六、中国现当代文学试题（共30分）（三）名词解释（每题5分，共10分）4、创造社5、先锋小说（四）简答题（每题10分，共20分）4、简述老舍小说的京味主要表现在哪些方面5、简述“寻根”小说的主要特点七、文学理论试题（共30分）（三）名词解释（每题5分，共10分）3、召唤结构4、陌生化（四）简答题（每题10分，共20分）3、艾布拉姆斯的文学四要素理论的具体内涵是什么？请从这一理论框架出发谈谈形式主义批评、读者批评、心理学批评、社会历史批评各自不同的侧重点。
郑州大学2011年考研量子力学真题
( x) Axebx ，注意首先归一化波函数。
5.子自旋 S z 的表象中， S z 自旋向上的本征态为 ( S z ) ( ) ，对这个态求涨落（标准差）
2 2 S x 和S y 。
2
1 0
6.一个粒子在二维无限深势阱
0, (0 x, y a) ‘ 中运动，设加上微扰 H ＝xy(0 x, y a) ，求基态及第一激 V ( x, y) { , 其他地方
1. 在一维无限深势阱中 （0<x<a） ,一个粒子的初始波函数由前两个定态(基态与第一激发态) 叠加而成,ψ (x,0)=A[ψ 1(x)+ψ 2(x)]. (a) 归一化ψ (x,0)(即求出 A, ψ 1(x)和ψ 2(x)是正交归一化的能量本征态). (b) 求以后时刻的波函数ψ (x,t)和|ψ (x,t)|^2. (c) 对ψ (x,t)计算期待值<x>和<p>,注意它们是随时间振荡的. (d) 如果测量粒子的能量,可能得到什么值?得到各个值的几率是多少?求出哈密顿算符 H 的 期望值. 2. 证明力学量 A(不显含 t)的平均值对时间的二次微商为
d2 A [[ A, H ], H ] ,(H 是哈密顿量) dt 2
2
3. 考虑阶梯 0
设入射粒子能量 E<V0,求出反射系数. 4.(a)证明下面关于变分原理的推论：如果对于基态｜ψ >有<ψ |ψ gs>=0,则对此态能量平均 值满足<H> > Efe,其中|ψ gs>是基态，Efe 是第一激发态能量。 (b)求一维简谐振子的第一激发态能量的最优上限，取以下函数为试探函数
发态的能量修正。
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2011年研究生入学复试
程序设计上机考试题
考生须知：
◆若试卷中试题字迹不清，考生可以在审题时举手请求解释，由考务人员加以说明。
涉及题意理解问题，考生不得提问，考务人员没有解释权。
◆编程的指定环境是DevCpp、TC、VC。
特殊情况提前告知考务人员。
◆程序提交目录：存放考生最后提交批改的文档，这些文档只能是各个题目的源程序和
考生情况文档。
注意：
1、开考前考生需要自己创建，目录名为“D:\2011\15位考号”。
2、考试结束时所有需要提交的文档必须拷贝到本目录下，否则没有成绩。
◆提交文档及命名规则：
1、各题的源程序。
第一题的源程序命名t1.c或t1.cpp，第二题的源程序命名t1.c
或t1.cpp，…。
2、考生情况文档，文档命名“考生名字+考号”，内容包含考生的名字、考号、身份证
号和报考专业。
◆考生工作目录：考生调试程序的工作目录，自己另行创建，建议命名为“D：\考生名
字缩写”，注意不能创建在“D:\2011”或提交目录下。
◆建议每隔5 分钟存盘一次，发生机器故障时由考务人员确认补给修复时间，且最长不
超过10分钟。
◆对考生答题测试有严格时间限制，若超时则该测试项判为0 分。
考生应注意优化算法。
◆考生应严格遵守考场规则，不得违纪。
◆考试时间为8时至11时，计180分钟。
1、无限循环小数转分数问题
Problem Description：
给定一个十进制表示的无限循环小数，请给出它的十进制分数表示形式。
无限循环小数按如下方式给出 A.B(C)，其中A部分表示整数部分，B表示小数部分中的不循环部分，C 表示循环部分。
例如 3.1333...... = 3.1(3)。
Input：
（1）多组数据测试；
（2）输入的第1行是一个整数N（1<=N<=30），表示有N组测试数据；
（3）从第2行开始，每行是一个字符串（长度不超过15），表示给定形式的无限循环小数。
Output：
每组数据一行，即该小数对应的十进制最简分数形式。
Sample Input：
2
3.1(3)
0.(10)
Sample Output：
47/15
10/99
2、成绩统计问题
Problem Description：
期末《程序设计》课程上机考试成绩的计算是按每道题通过与否来记分数的，通过则该题满分，否则是零分。
请你写程序列出最后通过机试分数线的学生，并将他们的成绩按降序打印。
Input：
（1）输入的第1行给出学生人数N(0<N<1000)、考题数M(0<M<= 10 )、分数线G（正整数）；
（2）输入的第2行给出第1题至第M题的正整数分值；
（3）以下N行，每行给出一名学生的学号（长度不超过20的字符串）、该生解决的题目总数m、以及这m道题的题号（题目号由1到M，顺序是题目提交正确的先后）。
Output：
（1）第1行输出不低于分数线的学生人数n；
（2）随后n行按分数从高到低输出通过分数线的学生学号与分数，其间用1空格分隔。
若有多名学生分数相同，则按他们学号的升序输出。
Sample Input：
6 4 50
20 20 30 30
IE2007004 3 2 1 3
IE2007005 4 3 4 1 2
IE2007002 2 3 1
IE2007001 2 2 4
IE2007006 2 2 1
IE2007003 1 4
Sample Output：
4
IE2007005 100
IE2007004 70
IE2007001 50
IE2007002 50
3、禅宗花园
Problem Description：
如果你熟禅宗花园这个游戏的话，那么这个题目对于你来说应该是比较简单的。
如果你没有接触过这个游戏，那么请仔细阅读下面对于游戏的描述。
在禅境花园中，你扮演一个扫地老僧的角色，对一块 m * n 的沙地进行平整。
沙地平整的规则：
1）你不能踩到你原先平整过的沙地，因为那样会把花园弄的非常杂乱。
2）你不能踩到石头，因为在沙地上除了有沙子之外还会有无法被移动走的石头。
3）你在进入沙地之后不能改变自己的方向，或者说，当你进入到沙地之后只能沿着一个方向前行，直到遇到石头或者你已经平整过的土地，才可以改变移动的方向并且继续按照新的方向前进。
4）你可以从沙地之外的任何一个位置开始平整，进入沙地的方向就是你开始的移动方向。
5）在整个沙地被平整完并且你也离开沙地之后，游戏将结束。
听起来好象很简单，但是实际做起来却不是那么容易。
而且有的沙地可以按照上面的规则被平整的，有的沙地则无法按照上面的规则被平整的。
飞飞现在利用地图编辑器创造了一块沙地，他想知道他所创造的沙地是不是可以被平整（或者说，他创造的地图到底有没有解...）
Input：
1）输入的第一行是两个数字m，n（ 0 < m，n <= 5 ）。
表示沙地被分为m行，n列。
2）接下来是m行字符串，每行n个字符。
每个字符是‘0’或者‘1’，分别表示他们是沙地或者石块。
对于每一个地图，保证至少有一块沙地。
Output：
如果输入的沙地可以被平整，那么输出YES，否则，输出NO。
Sample 1 Input：
2 2
00
01
Sample 1 Output：
YES
Sample 2 Input：
3 3
111
101
101
Sample 2 Output：
NO。