2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文
2021年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版卷
2021年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版卷I Writing1、【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning、 You can cite exles to illustrate your views、 You should write at least150 words but no more than200 words、【答案】 What is the most important quality for learning? From my perspective, what we need are motivation and methods、Motivation refers to desire and determination in people to be continually interested in and mitted to certain aims、 It is an indispensable part of learning、 If we want to plete heavy school work, motivation is a necessity、 Without motivation, it is hard to overe difficulties、 The inventor of the electric bulb, one of the famous scientists in the world, Thomas Edison, is a good case in point、 Before the bulb came into being, he had failed thousands of times、 Withmotivation, he finally lit the whole world、With motivation we also need proper methods to study efficiently、 Generally speaking, the more effectively you study, the greater success you will achieve、 Method is a great element of learning、 Without proper methods, we may go nowhere in our pursuit of success in study、In a word, motivation and methods play a vital role in successful study、 The same is true of other aspects of our life, such as friendship, love and career、 As the saying goes:" Motivation is what gets you started、Methods are what helps you keep going、"PartⅡ Listening prehension听力答案：2021年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文（卷一）Part Ⅲ Reading Section APasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight、 For years, nutritionists have remended that pasta be kept to a _____(27), to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar_____(28)up、The low-carbohydrate food movement gavebirth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat、 More recently the trend ofswapping spaghetti for vegetables has been _____(29)by clean-eating experts、But now a _____(30)review and analysis of _____(31)studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months、 The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化)because it had been _____(32)in with other, more fit-promoting carbohydrates、"The study found that pasta didnt3 to weight gain or increase in body fat," said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper、 "In _____(33)the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an_____(34)effect on body weigh outes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern、" In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss _____(35)to concerns、Perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy dietThose involved in the _____(36)trials on average ate3、3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup、They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of12 weeks、27、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】I28、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】L29、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】B30、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】N31、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】G32、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】E33、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】O34、【题干】_____、A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】A35、【题干】_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】D36、_____、【选项】A、adverseB、chionedC、clinicalD、contraryE、contributeF、intimateG、lumpedH、magnifiedI、minimumJ、radiatingK、rationL、shootingM、subscribeN、systematicO、weighing【答案】CPart Ⅲ Reading Section BThe Best Retailers bine Bricks and Clicks[A] Retail profits are falling sharply、Stores are closing、 Malls are emptying、 The depressing stories just keep ing、 Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macys, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit、 The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry、 Brick and mortar stores(实体店)seem to be going the way of the yellow pages、 Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged15、2 percent between the first quarter of全文结束》》 and the first quarter of全文结束》》、[B] But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider、 Looking only at that15、2 percent "surge" would be misleading、 It was an increase that was on a small base of6、9 percent、 Even when a tiny number grows by alarge percentage terms, it is often still tiny、[C] More than20 years after the inter was opened to merce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for92、3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of全文结束》》、 Their data show that only 0、8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of全文结束》》 and全文结束》》、[D] So,despite all the talk about drone (无人机)deliveries to your doorstep, all the retailexecutives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving、 Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggestotherwise、 Whats the real story?[E] Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble、 The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers、 Its standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风)of creative destruction、 That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response、 As the CFO of Macys put it recently, "Were frankly scratching our heads、"[F] But its not happening as experts predicted、In the peak of the dotZZZ bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the inter was going to kill-and quickly、 The dot corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, on-ventional retailers confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales、 And then the gale hit、[G] It is being increasingly clearthat retail reinvention isnt a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks、 It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of inter-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy、 Creative retailers are usingthe new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid、[H] More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apples massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazons small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night、 Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways、[I] Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and its also not happening on what used to be called "Inter Time、" Some inter-driven changes have happened quickly, of course、 Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down、 But many widely anticipated changes werent quick, and some havent really started、 With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity、 B2B merce, for exle, didnt move mainly online by全文结束》》 as many had predicted in2000, nor even by全文结束》》, but that doesnt mean it wont do so over the next few decades、[J]But the gale is still blowing、 The sudden decline infoot traffic in recent years, even though it hasnt been acpanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning、 People can shop more efficiently online and therefore dont need to go to as many stores to find what they want、 Theres a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing、[K] The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of plexity to the process of retail reinvention、 Even five years ago most people faced a choice、 Sit at your puter, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy、 Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy、 Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the inter almost everywhere almost all the time、 Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if theres a better deal online or at another store nearby、[L] So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will e to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals、 Many are having the same problem that newspapershave、 Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to pensate for what they are losing offline、[M] A few seem to be making this work、Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macys, Target, and Nordstroms dropped、 Yet Walmarts year-over-year online sales only grew7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), "Growth here is too slow、" Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one click patent, the onlineretail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions、 A recent study graded more than600 inter retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay、 Almost half of the sites didnt get a passing grade and only18 percent got an A orB、[N] The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data、 Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable、 Our deep100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems、 It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales、 It is certain that the Census procedures, whichlump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with non-store retailers"1ike food trucks、 can mask major changes in individual retail categories、 The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways、 but they have chosen not to、[O] Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar wont disappear any time soon、The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category、 Investors shouldnt write off brick and mortar、 Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter、37、【题干】Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the inter retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey、【选项】B、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】M38、【题干】Innovative retailers integrate inter technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】G39、【题干】Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retails stocks has been dropping、【选项】B、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】D40、【题干】Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didnt take place as quickly as widely anticipated、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】I41、【题干】Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lions share of the retail business、【选项】B、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】C42、【题干】panies that successfully bine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】H43、【题干】Brick and mortar retailers faith in their business was strengthened when the dot bubble burst、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】F44、【题干】Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】O45、【题干】With the rise of online merce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】A46、【题干】The wide use of smartphones has made it more plex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business、【选项】A、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FG、GH、HI、IJ、JK、KL、LM、MN、NO、O【答案】KPart Ⅲ Reading Section CPassage OneQuestions47 to51 are based on the following passageProfessor StephenHawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI)will be “either the best, or the wors第 21 页共 21 页。
2021年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文(3套)
2021年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文（3套）卷一Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30mimites to write an essay based on the chart below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment on China's achievements in higher education.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.参考范文：The bar chart above explicitly demonstrates that the gross enrollment ratio in universities in China,according to the data from Ministry of Education,has increased dramatically from3.4% in1990to51.6%in2019.Obviously,the past thirty years have witnessed China⁵s great achievements in higher education.Firstly,higher education in China has become approachable to most Chinese citizens.This is partly due to the fact that ChinaJ s economy has been developing at a marvelous speed,but also because Chinese government has launched a wide range of favorable policies to support rural students to get admitted to colleges.Moreover,the quality of China"s universities has showed a marked improvement.Now,several seats of learning in China are among the top universities world-wide, and every year they draw numerous foreign students to come to China for higher education<Besides, Chinese government and a mass of big enterprises have been investing heavily into upgrading the campus sites,introducing the most advanced equipments,and increasing the facultyJ s salaries.In all,the China"s achievements in higher education are remarkable.I believe that this trend will surely continue,and will in turn benefit our great country.卷二PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30mimites to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China's achievements in urbanization.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.参考范文：The chart above displays the progress of urbanization in China over the last four decades.We can see that,in less than40years,the number of people in China who lived in cities had more than tripled.From1980to2010,the share of urban population had grown from19.39%to49.96%, which was a record high worldwide.As far as I am concerned,China’s extraordinary urbanization has gone hand-in-hand with its economic boom.Since its reform and opening-up in1978,China’s economy has taken off.During the past four decades,China underwent vast changes to its economic system and abundantopportunities emerged in the coastal area.As a result,people living in the rural areas came to big cities in the costal area to pursuit a better life,which speeded up the progress of urbanization.Urbanization,in return,contributes to the development of China’s fast-growing economy.Take, for example,the basic infrastructures in big cities.The government has invested a lot of money in buildings and facilities,which enables people to live and work in high-density in tall buildings, which greatly improvs efficiency and productivity.In conclusion,the urbanization in China not only enables people to enjoy a better living condition, but also lays foundations for sustainable economic growth.It is a great achievement and has far-reaching benefits.卷三PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30mimites to write an essay based on the chart below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment on China5s achievements in poverty alleviation.You should write at least150words but no more than200 words.参考范文：The bar chart above explicitly demonstrates the great achievements China has made in poverty alleviation.In2012,there are over80million rural people in poverty,which takes up almost 10%of the rural population.However,the following nine years witness the continuous decline in this figure,and in2020,all the Chinese rural people are alleviated from poverty.The achievements,however,can not be completely reflected by this figure.Firstly,Chinese rural people have become increasingly wealthier.More families possess their own automobiles,more rural people have access to high-tech devices,and their living conditions have also improved markedly. Moreover,the literate rate of rural population has greatly increased,too.Primary schools are so popular in rural area that almost every child can receive education,which will surely in turn propel the development of rural areas in the future.Besides,more rural people go to bigger cities to realize their Chinese dreams,and they have contributed a lot to the prosperity of our great country.In all,China"s achievements in alleviating poverty have attracted worldwide attention.I am very proud of being a Chinese citizen,and I believe our great country will become better,stronger, and more beautiful.。
2021年6月大学英语六级考试真题 (第3套)
2021年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment onChina's achievements in poverty alleviation. You should write at least 150 words butno more than 200 words.【参考范文】As is clearly demonstrated in the bar chart, the poverty headcount ratio decreased dramatically from 11% in 2012 to 1% in 2019, with all Chinese rural people shaking off poverty in 2020. Apparently, the figures reveal that China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction. From my perspective, the reasons behind those accomplishments are various and the significant progress will undoubtedly bring considerable benefits.How to explain the poverty elimination miracle in China? In the first place, this success is bound up with steady and robust economic growth. Many economists found that there has been a marked increase in the incomes of both urban and rural residents in China during the past 10 years. Besides, the Chinese government has implemented a package of policies to accelerate the development of rural areas. At the same time, both citizens and the whole society are the beneficiaries of the success in poverty alleviation. For instance, people in the countryside now have easier access to medical care and education, which breeds their physical health and mental well-being.In conclusion, fighting poverty plays a key role in ensuring a country’s prospe rity and it is reasonable for us to believe that China will enter a new development stage in the process of striving for poverty elimination.【解析】本篇属于图表作文。
英语六级20216月作文
英语六级20216月作文Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Work。
Introduction。
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology that has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. In recent years, AI has made significant advancements, leading to concerns about its impact on the future of work. This essay aims to explore the implications of AI on employment, job displacement, and the skills required in the job market.The Rise of Artificial Intelligence。
AI refers to the development of computer systemscapable of performing tasks that would typically require human intelligence. This includes natural language processing, problem-solving, pattern recognition, anddecision-making. The rapid progress in AI has been driven by advancements in machine learning, big data analytics, and cloud computing.Job Displacement and Automation。
2021年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第3套)
2021年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 说明：由于2021年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel __26__ become brittle （脆的）at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists __27__ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive __28__.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap- and-cheerful "Liberty ships" was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the __29__ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships __30__ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have __31__ to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical__32__. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is __33__ to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of __34__ needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with __35__ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.A）abruptlyB）additivesC）approachD）ardentlyE）besiegedF）channelG）comparableH）componentsI）crackedJ）fracturesK）hollowL）relevantM）reshuffledN）strivedO）violentSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?A）Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones （无人机）before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.B）As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer "Can we?" but "Should we?" What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as "professionals" ? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.C）Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The "Cube" here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly "wasted space. " Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complexmissions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.D）Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit （LEO）—an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station （ISS） hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads （to the moon and Mars especially） to carry CubeSats.E）Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubSat into Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance,a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.F）The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s,as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build,test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik （前苏联的人造卫星）.Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There are more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U. S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.G）The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-free. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris—pieces of "junk" that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.H）Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the "creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the futuredisposition of science CubeSats."I）CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some "expert amateurs" in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J）In 1969.the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation （AMSAT）was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' （业余无线电爱好者）participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR—a U. S. -based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting "amateur" satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open-source development has been a central principle. Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything—making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available toeveryone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there's no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.K）However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of "self-governance" is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members,as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?L）Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by fimders, launch providers and a series of regulations—all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can beremarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone—we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised （临时制作的）explosive devices at the other.M）This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important-not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur community considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists，and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.37. A group of mini-satellites can work together toaccomplish more complex tasks.38. The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40. is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles.44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial （同事的）ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereasnow, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent relationships". It's a simple term that encapsulates （概括）the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they're especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort .As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and（产出）.The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than Mends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway.46. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?A） Making new Mends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated.B）Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C）Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.D） Building close relationships with his colleagues wasnot as important as he had ejected.47. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A） Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.B） Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.C） Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.D） Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.48. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A） They should be cultivated.B） They are virtually irrelevant.C） They are vital to corporate culture.D） They should be reasonably intimate.49. What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?A）They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.B） They often find themselves in confrontation with theircolleagues.C） They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace relationships.D） They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.60. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?A） They provide fun at work.B） They help control emotions.C） They help resolve differences.D） They improve work efficiency.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an "irrational" response.One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2021 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google's self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 km, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomousdriving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google's cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go（围棋）took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2021, when a computer beat one of the world's leading professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place bе in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He'll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question： What's so special about us? It can't be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, well soon have helpful rational assistants. So wemust aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren't, we won't be providing much value in future ecosystems，and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.51. What is the author's greatest concern about the use of AI?A） Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.B） Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.C） Computers may become more rational than humans.D） Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.52. What impresses the author most in the field of AI?A） Google's experimental driverless cars require little human intervention.B） Google's cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.C） Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time.D） Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving.53. What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A） It is rational.B） It is predictable.C） It is human specific.D） It is yet to be emulated by AI.54. What should schools help children do in the era of AI?A） Cultivate original thinking.B） Learn to work independently.C） Compete with smart machines.D） Understand how AI works.55. How can we humans justify our future existence?A） By constantly outsmarting computers.B） By adopting a long-term perspective.C） By rationally compromising with AI.D） By providing value with our creativity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.成语（Chinese idioms）是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
2021年6月英语六级真题答案(完整版+解析)
2021年6月英语六级真题答案（完整版+解析）2021年6月英语六级答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 作文标准版The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication As is described in the picture, a father asks her daughter how her school today goes on. Instead of answering directly, the daughter tells her father to read her blog. It is common that youngsters nowadays incline to communicate with others on internet increasingly, and lack communication with people around them. With the development of Internet, it has influenced our society to a large extent, especially interpersonal communication.To begin with, we can communicate with others anytime via internet. Otherwise, we would have to arrange our schedules strictly in advance. Also, interpersonal communication through the internet is not restricted by space. For example, in most multinational corporations, instant messages and video conferences help colleagues solve problems timely and efficiently. Last but not least, the internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Whereas, there are also disadvantages that the internet brings to us. More and more people complained that they have lost face-to-face communicating skills. As a result, people become more and more indifferent to each other in real life. Some netizens who are immersed in virtual world even have difficulty in making friends in reality.In conclusion, communication through the internet could bring us both convenience and inconvenience. We should strike a balance between them and make the best of the internet. 【解析】这次的六级写作是请考生谈谈网络对人际交流的影响。
2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文(第2套)-不要立刻得出结论
2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文(第2套):不要立刻得出结论2021年6月英语六级作文题目：看到什么、听到什么就立刻得出结论是不明智的。
2021年6月英语六级作文范文：不要立刻得出结论Living in an age when the adolescents are lack of the necessary guidance and supervision, we can never fail to figure out the fact that teenagers are become especially self-conscious. Under this circumstance, the youngsters are more likely to believe in what they have listened or seen instead of thinking twice before drawing their conclusions, which is pathetically and undoubtedly considered controversial or even unreasonable.The reasons why I insist on the viewpoint that we should never directly and irresponsibly come to conclusions only by listening or seeing mainly lie in the following two aspects. To begin with, it is a invariable law to every existence in the world that nothing will stay still even for just one second.So are the things happening around us. What we see or listen may be just some particular period of the development of things,which proves unstable and changeable. In addition, the perspectives we conclude just through seeing or listening are usually one-sided. Drawing conclusions rashly is not objective enough to make our statements persuasive.To sum up, it is unwise for us to define any thing as what we assume or imagine at first sight. Only by our serious thinking and accurate analyzing can we come up with more rational and reasonable conclusions.。
2021年年年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文
2021年年年6月大学英语六级作文真题及范文说明：在这一部分，你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于机器人使用的短文。
试着想象一下，当越来越多的机器人在工业和人们的日常生活中取代人类时，会发生什么。
要求你至少写150个单词，但不超过200个单词。
【参考范文】自从人们开始发明创造以来，我们已经设计出越来越智能的机器人来帮助我们应对危险和繁重的工作。
我们不断地将人类的各种能力赋予机器，现在试图思考如果机器人变得更加先进会发生什么？就我而言，在不久的将来，现代世界将被智能设备所占据，这些设备可以消除大量的人工劳动。
我们在工厂的工作将由机器人装配臂来完成。
我们的做饭、洗衣等家务将由机器人服务器来完成。
我们的公共安全将由不知疲倦的机器人警察来管理。
此外，由于微观力学的原因，将会有更多的机器人系统能够以亚毫米精度执行高难度手术，以帮助患者减轻疼痛和痛苦。
但是，我认为，如果机器人要进入下一个阶段，仍然有许多真正的挑战。
我们都知道人脑要复杂得多，再智能的机器人系统也永远赶不上人脑的能力。
所以不得不说，机器人技术还有很长的路要走。
【20xx年6月作文真题：在线学习】在这一部分，你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于机器人使用的短文。
试着想象一下，当越来越多的机器人在工业和人们的日常生活中取代人类时，会发生什么。
要求你至少写150个单词，但不超过200个单词。
【参考范文】随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的人喜欢在网上学习，而不是上学。
事实上，电子学习已经成为一种普遍现象。
导致这种情况的因素有两个。
首先，随着现代生活节奏的加快，互联网在很大程度上在我们的日常生活中起着主导作用。
因此，毫无疑问，它为我们提供了许多优势，使我们的生活更加方便和高效，从网上订餐到网上阅读。
此外，它是获取重要和有用信息的更高级方法。
通过点击鼠标，我在任何给定的时间和地点想要的任何故事和信息都可以被访问。
因此，这就是为什么许多人更喜欢选择在线学习的原因。
诚然，互联网上充斥着许多无用和虚假的信息。
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2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文每一年都会有两次的四六级考试，对于要参加英语六级考试的同学来说，可以参考以往考试的`相关内容。
六级考试中，作文的难度比较大，多看一些真题对于提升还是很有帮助的。
今天我们为大家整理了2021年6月英语六级作文真题及参考范文，欢迎大家阅读。
本篇考试作文主题1：中国的高等教育China's achievements in higher educationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment on China's achievements in poverty alleviation. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200words.参考范文The graph aboveexhibits the tremendous change of poor population in rural China from the year of 2012 through 2020. It was about 80 million, approximately 10% of the total population in the beginning. But the number of the poor has been gradually reducing in the following years. Till 2020, it turned zero, symbolizing the success of China’s poverty alleviation.The remarkable achievements attribute to the poverty eliminationproject by Chinese government. First of all, it had set up the platform to connect villages and cities, so that the poor people in rural places can work in cities to increase income. Secondly, the plan also worked hard to support the agriculture to raise peasants’earning. Fo r example, certain technicians were assigned to go there, providing free help to farmers. Their professional knowledge has greatly strengthened farmers’skillsin breeding and planting.Thanks to the successful implementation of poverty alleviation project, our country has got rid of poverty. And we are sure to greater in the future.本篇考试作文主题2：中国扶贫的成就China's achievements in poverty alleviationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment on China's achievements in poverty alleviation. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200words.参考范文The graph aboveexhibits the tremendous change of poor population in rural China from the year of 2012 through 2020. It was about 80 million, approximately 10% of the total population in the beginning. But the number of the poor has been gradually reducing in the following years. Till 2020, it turned zero, symbolizing the success of Chi na’s poverty alleviation.The remarkable achievements attribute to the poverty eliminationproject by Chinese government. First of all, it had set up the platform to connect villages and cities, so that the poor people in rural places can work in cities to increase income. Secondly, the plan also worked hard to support the agriculture to raise peasants’earning. For example, certain technicians were assigned to go there, providing free help to farmers. Their professional knowledge has greatly strengthened far mers’skills in breeding and planting.Thanks to the successful implementation of poverty alleviation project, our country has got rid of poverty. And we aresure to greater in the future.本篇考试作文主题3：中国的城市化程度China's achievements in urbanizationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment on China's achievements in urbanization. You should write atleast 150words but no more than 200words.参考范文The bar chart supplies us with information concerning the degree of urbanization in China from 1980 to 2019. The data demonstrates that the share of urban population has been increasing year by year from 1980 to 2019. From 1995 to 2010, the share of urban population grew rapidly. In the nine years from 2010 to 2019, the urban population share grew slowly. What accounted for the slow growth of urbanization?The possible reasons accounting for this phenomenon are listed as follows. First, the vast majority of urbanization has implemented a strict household registration system, which sets a high threshold for migrant workers to enter the city. Second, some cities have adopted a series of laws and policies to restrict the quality of migrant workers and keep most farmers out of the city. These reasons have led to a slowdown in urbanization.To sum up, If China wants to speed up urbanization, its government can reform the household registration system, optimize the industrial structure and create more job opportunities. In this way, the urbanization process can be accelerated.Considering all these, I believe that we should take areasonable attitude towardhigher education. In conclusion, from my point of view,such a phenomenon is positive and acceptable.【2021年6月英语六级写作真题及范文】。