美国文学 ppt课件
《美国文学》课件三.ppt
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学 课件1-puritanism清教主义
❖“The king died and then the queen died.”
❖ “The king died and then the queen
died of grief.”
1. What is Literature?
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by university of intellectual and emotional appeal.
Other approaches(2)
❖ Post- structuralism ❖ Decostructuralism
❖ Our textbook is arranged in chronological order, but we deal with each period analytically with emphasis on theme.
4.How to Define American Literature
❖ American literature mainly refers to literature produced in American English by the people living in the US. This generalization does not exclude literature produced in other languages by American expatriates or literature produced in other languages by minorities in the country such as the American Indian literature in the Indian language and the Jewish American literature in the Yiddish language.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森
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Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
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What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
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The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
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Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
美国文学PPT整理版
Benjamin Franklin the Autobiography 自传•Poor Richard's Almanac 作品A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success.•Y ou may be happier than princes if you will be more virtuous.•If you would live long, live well; for folly and wickedness shorten life.•Lost time is never found again.•A penny saved is a penny earned.•God help those who help themselves.•Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.American Romanticism 看英文•The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. 特征：浪漫主义The social and cultural background of Romanticism•The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country.•The nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen’s life, and the wild west.•Born of one common cultural heritage, the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists.There was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 特征•The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands.The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.•Foreign influences added incentive to the growth of romanticism in America.Walter Scott; Coleridge; Wordsworth; Byron; Robert Burns and other masters of poetry from other European countries•Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文•James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏•William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布赖恩特•Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生•Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗•Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑•Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔•Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼•Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡•Emily Dickinson艾米莉·狄金森•Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.特征W ashington Irving华盛顿·欧文Father of American literatu re.Irving’s life•He was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation, and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history andThe Sketch Book《见闻札记》Rip V an Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡Poet, short story writer and literary critic (48 poems, 70 short stories)•The Raven 《乌鸦》•Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔·李》•T o Helen《致海伦》•The Fall of the House of Usher•Ligeia•The Cask of AmontilladoThe Poetic Principle•The poem, should be short, readable at one sitting•beauty (the rhythmical creation of beauty)•melancholy (especially the death of a beautiful woman)•He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake‖.•He was father of psychoanalytic criticism, and the detective story.Gothic Building/// Gothic NovelRalph Waldo Emerson 艾默生The chief spokesman of New England T ranscendentalism 新英格兰超验主义新英格兰是位于美国大陆东北角、濒临大西洋、毗邻加拿大的区域。
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
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American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
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2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
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• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
• Puritans look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.
• In 1630 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• Independent War (1776-1783); the foundation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America.
most famous poems— “Contemplations”《沉思录》
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The Literature of Reason and Revolution
“The Age of Reason” “American Enlightenment”
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Historical Background
• One of the greatest of colonial American, wholly consecrated to a mission in which he regarded himself as an instrument of God.
• At the age of 18, he accompanied the group to Holland to escape persecution.
• 13 years later he was one of those who, on December 11, took on the Mayflower and entered Plymouth Bay.
• From 1622 until his death, Bradford was reelected thirty timed as governor.
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The Literature of Colonial Period
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Historical background
• The first permanent English settlement in North America at James town, Virginia in 1607.
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Benjamin Franklin
• American politician, scientist, inventor, and educator.
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Puritanism: American Puritans
• Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.
• Puritans wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.
American Literature
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American literature
• The Literature of Colonial Period • The Literature of Reason and Revolution • The literature of Romanticism • The Literature of Realism • The Literature of The 20th century
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Types of writing:
histories, travel accounts, diaries, biographies, letters, autobiographies, sermons, and poems.
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Major writers:
Captain John Smith （约翰·史密斯）