最新英语四级阅读理解翻译

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大学英语四级阅读带翻译训练答案

Passage 1 (The original text translating )海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。

对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。

人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。

工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。

（２）由于美国海军的莫里（Maury），大西洋电报公司才在１８５３年得到了这方面的信息。

１９世纪４０年代，（３）莫里负责推动进行测探工作的海上航行，以此来调查北大西洋与太平洋的深度。

此后，他出了一本叫做《海洋的自然地貌》的书，在这本书里他提到的一些发现激起了人们很大的兴趣。

人们铺设了电缆，但直到１８６６年，才有了固定而且可靠的连接。

在早期的努力中，电缆坏了，而当它被拉出来维修时，人们发现其表面覆盖着（４）活的生物。

这一事实挑战了当时的一种科学观点，即海洋较深层是不存在生命的。

海洋学在此后几年内发展起来。

１８７２年，汤姆森（Thomson），带头进行了一项科学考察，历时４年，从海洋带回了数以千计的标本。

科学家们花了数年时间将它们分类并进行分析，写出了一个长达五卷的报告，其中最后一卷于１８９５年出版。

１、从欧洲到美洲铺设电报缆线的提议使得海洋学研究是从_______出发的Ａ）学术角度Ｂ）军事角度Ｃ）商业角度Ｄ）国际角度２、向莫里要求得到海洋学研究方面帮助的是____________Ａ）美国海军Ｂ）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家Ｃ）依靠海洋维持生计的人Ｄ）提议铺设一条海底电缆的公司３、１９世纪４０年代，莫里负责的海上航行的目的是要____________Ａ）在海上进行测探实验Ｂ）收集海洋动植物的标本Ｃ）估测所需电缆的长度Ｄ）测量两个海洋的深度４、第五段的“field ”一词可能的意思是___________Ａ）置疑Ｂ）证明Ｃ）挑战Ｄ）同意５、这一段文章主要是关于____________Ａ）海洋学的起步Ｂ）第一条海底电缆的铺设Ｃ）对海洋深度的研究Ｄ）早期的洲际交流Passage 2通常，一名学生必须参加一定数量的课程学习才可以毕业，他上的每一门课都会得到学分，这些学分累加起来，才能拿到学位。

四级仔细阅读理解逐句翻译

2006年6月一、Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。

The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell li es in phone conversations as they are in emails.从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看出，人们在使用电话时的说谎几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。

The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding.因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来----并可能对你造成困扰----这就是这项研究的关键所在。

Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca ['iθəkə] , New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. Jeff Hancock在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大学执教，他曾要求30个学生记录一周中每天的通讯情况。

In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要坦诚自己说了多少谎话。

大学英语四级阅读和翻译文本

Fast reading 1Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing awhite coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen ora nges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s “Shop with Your Doc” program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among chi ldren. “In America, over50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,”Nadeau says.F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across thestate are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive traini ng in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physiciansin Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H) “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and prev entivemedicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending onpackaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Fast reading 2The start of high school doesn’t have to be stressfulA）This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school. Many will do well. But many will not. Consider that nearly two-thirds of students will experience the "ninth-grade shock," which refers to a dramatic drop in a student's academic performance. Some students cope with this shock by avoiding challenges. For instance, they may drop difficult coursework. Others may experience a hopelessness that results in failing their core classes, such as English, science and math.B)This should matter a great deal to parents, teachers and policymakers. Ultimately it should matter to the students themselvesand society at large, because students' experience of transitioning (过渡) to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences not only for the students themselves but for their home communities. We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive.C)In the new global economy, students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades. in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs. One study has calculated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things.D)The consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students' ability to find a good job. It can also impact the extent to which they enjoy life. Students lose many of the friends they turned to for support when they move from the eighth to the ninth grade. One study of ninth-grade students found that 50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed from one month to the next, signaling striking instability in friendships.E)In addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan. Researchers think that one explanation is that ties to friends are broken while academic demands are rising. Furthermore, most adult cases of clinical depression first emerge in adolescence (青春期) . The World Health Organization reports that depression has the greatest burden of disease worldwide, in terms of the total cost of treatment and the loss of productivity.F)Given all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school. So far, our studies have yielded one main insight: Students' beliefs about change-their beliefs about whether people are stuck one way forever, or whether people can change their personalities and abilities-are related to their ability to cope, succeed academically and maintain good mental health. Past research has called these beliefs "mindsets (思维模式)," with a "fixed mindset" referring to the belief that people cannot change and a "growth mindset" referring to the belief that people can change.G)In one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the nature of "smartness"-that is, their fixed mindsets about intelligence. We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones (荷尔蒙) . Students who believed that intelligence is fixed-that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school-showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade. If students believed that intelligence could improve-that is to say, when they held more of a growth mindset of intelligence-they showed lower levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining. This was an exciting result because it showed that the body's stress responses are not determined solely by one's grades. Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among students who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs.H)We also investigated the social side of the high school transition. In this study, instead of teaching students that their smartness can change, we taught them that their social standing-that is, whether they are bullied or excluded or left out-can change over time. We then looked at high school students' stress responses to daily social difficulties. That is, we taught them a growth mindset about their social lives. In this study, students came into the laboratory and were asked to give a public speech in front of upper-year students. The topic of the speech was what makes one popular in high school. Following this, students had to complete a difficult mental math task in front of the same upper-year students.I)Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor stress responses. When these students gave the speech, their blood vessels contracted and their hearts pumped less blood through the body both responses that the body shows when it is preparing for damage or defeat after a physical threat. Then they gave worse speeches and made more mistakes in math. But when students were taught that people can change, they had better responses to stress, in part because they felt like they had the resources to deal with the demanding situation. Students who got thegrowth mindset intervention (干预) showed less-contracted blood vessels and their hearts pumped more blood-both of which contributed to more oxygen getting to the brain, and, ultimately, better performance on the speech and mental math tasks.J)These findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further. First, we are working to replicate (复制) these findings in more diverse school communities. We want to know in which types of schools and for which kinds of students these growth mindset ideas help young people adapt to the challenges of high school. We also hope to learn how teachers, parents or school counselors can help students keep their ongoing academic or social difficulties in perspective. We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students starting the ninth grade.1.The number of people experiencing depression shows a sharp increase in the first year of high school.2.According to one study, students’ academic performance is not the only decisive factor of their stress response s.3.Researchers would like to explore further how parents and schools can help ninth graders by changing their mindset.4.According to one study, each high school graduate contributes at least 500,000 dollars to the local economy.5.In one study, students were told their social position in school is not unchangeable.6.It is reported that depression results in enormous economic losses worldwide.7.One study showed that friendships among ninth graders were far from stable.8.More than half of students will find their academic performance declining sharply when they enter the ninth grade.9.Researchers found through experiments that students could be taught to respond to stress in more positive way.10.It is beneficial to explore ways to cope with the challenges facing students entering high school.Intensive readingPassage OnePicture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It’s tough decision: The small size may not last yon through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like mo st people, you end up buying the large.If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.I have written about this unique human nature before with my friend Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions to Geography. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found t hat when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.Brain scientist call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people are attracted toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object's value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced the value equation changes.51.Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater ?A)To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.B)To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.C)To show how hard it can be to choose a drink there.D) To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?A)To attract more customers to buy it.B) To show the price matches the amount.C) To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.D)To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?A)Lower -priced goods attract more customers.B) The Economist's promotional strategy works.C)The Economist's print edition turns out to sell the best.D) More readers choose the digital over the print edition.54. For what purpose is “the bad option(Line 7, Para. 3) added?A)To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.B)To help customers to make more rational choices.C)To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.D)To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?A)By considering its usefulness.B) By comparing it with other choices.C) By taking its quality into account.D) By examining its value equationPassage TwoBoredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom leveland compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.C) When they experience something unpleasant.D) When they engage in some routine activities.47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?A) Determination B) ConcentrationC) Mental deterioration D) Harmful conduct48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?A) V olunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?A) It stimulates memorization.B) It allows time for relaxation.C) It may promote creative thinking.D) It may facilitate independent learning.50. What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?A) Stop idling and think big. B) Unlock one’s smartp hone.C) Look around oneself for stimulation. D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to not be boringA) Humans are creatures of habit. We love to establish a routine and stick with it. Then we often put ourselves on auto-pilot. Routines can be incredibly useful in helping you get things done. However, too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring. Nevertheless, many people live lives that are boringly predictable, or live a life where everything is outlined or planned.B) To tell the truth, interesting people are more popular among their friends. If you don 't arouse someone's curiosity or brighten someone's day, you probably come across as being a little bit dull. But that doesn't mean your life has ended and you can't do anything to change it. If you find yourself searching for something to say beyond small talk, try these tactics to find more interesting approaches to conversation.C) Recently, I was at a gathering of colleagues when someone turned to me and asked, "So, what's new with you?" Ordinarily, I think I'm a good conversationalist. After all, it's literally my job to talk to people and tell their stories or share their advice. And that's not exactly an unexpected question. Still, the only "new-to-me" topics that came to mind were my daughter's basketball tournament (锦标赛) and my feelings about that morning's political headlines- neither amusing nor appropriate topics at that moment.D) Oh, no, I thought. Have I become boring? But sharing our experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people is what makes us interesting, says associate professor Michael Pirson. The hesitation I felt in not sharing the ordinary things that were happening in my life, and the wild mental search for something more interesting, may have backfired and made me seem less interesting.E) "If someone is making up some conversation that might be interesting, it's probably not going to land well," says Pirson, whose expertise includes trust and well-being, mindfulness, and humanistic management. "It's going to feel like a made-up conversation that people don't necessarily want to tune in to."F) The most interesting people aren't those who 've gone on some Eat, Pray, Love journey to find themselves. Instead, Pirson says, they're those who examine the ordinary. "Often, the 'boring things' may not be boring at all. Maybe they are actually little miracles," he says. Share your observations about the world around you - interesting stories you heard or things you noticed- and you may be surprised by the universal connection they inspire.G) This is essentially how Jessica Hagy starts her day. The author of How to Be Interesting: An Instruction Manual, Hagy spends a lot of time thinking about what's interesting to her. People who are interesting are persistently curious, she says.H) Think about the everyday things around you and ask questions about them. What is that roadside monument I see on my way to work every day? Who built that interesting building in my city? What nearby attractions haven't I visited? Why do people do things that way? Use what you find to ask more questions and learn more about the world around you. "Having thatsort of curiosity is almost like a protective gear from getting into boredom," she says. And when you find things that are truly interesting to you, share them.I) Television veteran Audrey Morrissey, executive producer of NBC's The Voice, is always looking for what will make a person or story interesting to viewers: It's usually a matter of individuality. "Having a strong point of view, signature style, or being a super-enthusiast in a particular field makes someone interesting," she says. That means embracing what is truly interesting or unique about yourself. "Many people are 'not boring' in the way that they can carry a conversation or can be good at a social gathering, etc. To be interesting means that you have lived life, taken risks, traveled, sought out experience to learn for yourself and share with others," she says.J) Of course, it's possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person, says public relations consultant Andrea Pass. Paying attention to the listener is an important part of having a conversation that's interesting to both parties. Talking on and on about what's interesting to you isn't going to make you an interesting person, she says.K) "If the listener is not paying attention, it's your sign to shorten the story or change direction. Make sure to bring the audience into the conversation so that it is not one-sided," Pass says. Be a better listener yourself, and give others opportunities to participate in the conversation by inviting them with questions or requests to share their own experiences or thoughts. (e. g. , "Now, tell me about your favorite book," or "Have you ever been to that attraction?") Questions are a powerful tool, especially when they encourage others to disclose information about themselves. A 2012 study from the University of California, Santa Barbara, found that roughly 40% of the time we are talking, we're disclosing subjective information about our experience. And when we're doing so, our brains are more engaged. So one strategy to leave others with the impression that you 're a sparkling conversation partner is to get others to talk about themselves.L) Being relatable is also essential, Morrissey says. "The best entertainment and storytelling comes from people who are relatable- those who don't shy away from opening up but freely share who they are and what they care about. These are the people viewers most relate to and find interesting. Being authentic, honest, and vulnerable is always interesting."M) I have now come to realize that being boring, in actuality, is not only about who you are as a person, but also how you present yourself. No matter what, make sure you are having fun in life. Because when you are enjoying, people around you will begin to enjoy as well. Show some interest in them and they will definitely show some in you. If you are a very reserved person, this could be a little difficult at first. But with a little effort, you can definitely improve.36. Pirson claims that some ordinary things may often prove to be miraculously interesting.37. To make a conversation interesting, it is important that you listen to the other party attentively.38. A person who is unable to stimulate others' curiosity or make their life enjoyable may appear somewhat boring.39. Interesting people usually possess certain unique qualities, according to a TV program producer.40. Be interested in others and they are sure to be interested in you.41. The author considers himself usually good at conducting conversations.42. Interesting people are always full of curiosity.43. Falling into a routine can tum a person into an utter bore.44. One strategy to be a good conversationalist is to motivate your partner to tell their own stories.45. Interesting as it might appear, a made-up conversation will probably tum out to be dull.。

大学英语四级阅读(带翻译)训练

大学英语四级阅读（带翻译）训练Passage 1Oceanography has been defined as ―The application of all sciences to the study of the seathe nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant togo to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers orothers who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,letalone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ‖what is at the bo the oceans? ‖had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of atelegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depthprofile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, forinformation on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyagesduring which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and PacificOceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The PhysicalGeography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At theearly attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered inliving growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in thedeeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition,which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classificationand analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume beingpublished in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studiestake on ____________________.A) an academic aspect B) a military aspectC) a business aspect D) an international aspect2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect sample of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans4、”Defied”in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________”A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to5、This passage is mainly about_________________A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cableB) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage 1 (The original text translating )海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。

英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译

英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage:The development of e-commerce has dramatically transformed the retail industry. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been supplemented, and in some cases, replaced by online platforms. This shift has brought about significant changes in the way consumers shop and businesses operate.One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of day, without the need to travel to a physical store. This has particularly benefited those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, e-commerce allows for a wider selection of products than might be available in local stores, often at more competitive prices.However, the rise of e-commerce has also introduced challenges. The anonymity of online transactions can lead to issues of trust, with consumers sometimes hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar websites. Furthermore, the increased competition has forced many small businesses to either adapt to the digital marketplace or face closure.In conclusion, while e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry and brought numerous benefits to consumers, it is not without its challenges. Businesses must continue to evolve to meet the demands of this rapidly changing landscape.Word Bank:A) convenienceB) competitionC) transactionsD) transformedE) operateF) mobilityG) adaptH) hesitantI) unfamiliarJ) widerQuestions:1) The development of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.2) One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the _______ it offers.3) Consumers can shop from home, which is particularly beneficial for those with limited _______.4) The anonymity of online _______ can lead to issues of trust.Section BDirections:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One:The tourism industry has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by the increasing availability of affordable travel options and the rise of social media. These factorshave made it easier than ever for people to explore new destinations and share their experiences with others.One of the most notable trends in recent years is the rise of "sustainable tourism." This approach emphasizes minimizing the environmental impact of travel while supporting local communities. Sustainable tourism can include practices such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, participating in conservation efforts, and respecting local cultures. However, the growth of tourism has also led to challenges. Popular destinations can become overcrowded, leading to damage to natural environments and cultural sites. In some cases, the influx of tourists can even disrupt local communities, causing resentment among residents. In conclusion, while tourism offers many benefits, it is important to approach travel responsibly to ensure that destinations can be enjoyed by future generations. Questions:1) What has contributed to the significant growth of the tourism industry?A) The decline in travel costs and the popularity of social media.B) The development of new transportation methods.C) The increase in luxury travel options.D) The promotion of international tourism by governments.2) What is a key aspect of sustainable tourism?A) Visiting as many destinations as possible.B) Minimizing environmental impact and supporting local communities.C) Staying in luxury hotels and resorts.D) Traveling to remote and unspoiled locations.3) What is one of the challenges caused by the growth of tourism?A) The decline in international travel.B) The negative impact on local cultures and environments.C) The rise in travel-related costs.D) The decrease in travel safety.4) How can travelers ensure that destinations remain enjoyable for future generations?A) By visiting only popular tourist spots.B) By choosing environmentally friendly travel options.C) By limiting the duration of their trips.D) By avoiding travel during peak seasons.Passage Two:The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly important in modern society. As technology continues to blur the lines between work and personal life, many people struggle to find time for relaxation and leisure. This issue is particularly prevalent in countries where long working hours are the norm.One of the main challenges of achieving work-life balance is the expectation to be constantly available. With the advent of smartphones and email, employees are often expected to respond to work-related communications outside of regular business hours. This can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.Employers are beginning to recognize the importance of work-life balance for employee well-being and productivity. Some companies have implemented policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and mandatory vacation time to help employees achieve a healthier balance.In conclusion, work-life balance is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Employers and employees alike must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy balance between work and personal life.Questions:1) What has contributed to the difficulty of achieving work-life balance in modern society?A) The rise of remote work opportunities.B) The increasing demand for skilled labor.C) The expectation to be constantly available.D) The decline in job security.2) What is one of the negative effects of being constantly available for work?A) Increased job satisfaction.B) Higher productivity levels.C) Burnout and decreased job satisfaction.D) Improved work-life balance.3) How are some employers helping employees achieve work-life balance?A) By increasing work hours and reducing vacation time.B) By offering flexible working hours and remote work options.C) By eliminating work-from-home opportunities.D) By requiring employees to work on weekends.4) Why is work-life balance important?A) It helps employees earn more money.B) It allows employees to focus solely on their careers.C) It is essential for maintaining physical and mental health.D) It improves job security.Passage Three:The importance of cybersecurity has grown exponentially as the world becomes more connected through the internet. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, targeting everything from personal information to critical infrastructure.One of the most common forms of cyberattacks is phishing, where attackers trick individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy source. This can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation.To combat these threats, both individuals and organizations must take proactive measures. This includes using strong passwords, keeping software up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links. Additionally, governments and businesses are investing in cybersecurity technologies and training to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to safeguard against the ever-evolving threats in the digital world. Questions:1) What has contributed to the growing importance of cybersecurity?A) The decline in internet usage.B) The increase in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.C) The rise of traditional communication methods.D) The reduction in government regulations.2) What is one of the most common forms of cyberattacks?A) Phishing.B) Malware.C) Ransomware.D) Denial of service.3) What can individuals do to protect themselves from cyberattacks?A) Use weak passwords and share them with others.B) Keep software up to date and be cautious of suspicious emails.C) Ignore cybersecurity threats and rely on antivirus software.D) Avoid using the internet altogether.4) How are governments and businesses addressing cybersecurity threats?A) By reducing investments in cybersecurity technologies.B) By training employees and investing in cybersecurity technologies.C) By eliminating the use of the internet in the workplace.D) By ignoring cybersecurity risks.答案部分1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section APassage:电子商务的发展已经极大地改变了零售业。

英文文章四级带翻译阅读

英文文章四级带翻译阅读大学英语文章阅读是大学英语教育教学中的重点,对教学目标的实现具有非常重要的作用。

下面是店铺带来的四级英文文章带翻译阅读，欢迎阅读!四级英文文章带翻译阅读篇一It was the last day of final examinations in a large Eastern university. On the steps of one building, a group of engineering seniors huddled, discussing the exam due to begin in a few minutes. On their faces was confidence. This was their last exam—then on to commencement and jobs.Some talked of jobs they already had; others of jobs they would get. With all this assurance of four years of college, they felt ready and able to conquer the world.The approaching exam, they knew, would be a snap. The professor had said they could bring any books or notes they wanted. Requesting only that they did not talk to each other during the test.Jubilantly they filed into the classroom. The professor passed out the papers. And smiles broadened as the students noted there were only five essay?type questions.Three hours passed. Then the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was a frightened expression. No one spoke as, papers in hand, the professor faced the class.He surveyed the worried faces before him, then asked: “how many completed all five questions?”Not a hand was raised.“How many answered four?”Still no hands.“Three? Two?”The students shifted restlessly in their seats.“One, then? Certainly somebody finished one.”But the class remained silent. The professor put down the papers. “That is exactly what I expected,” he said.“I just want to impress upon you that, even though you have completed four years of engineering, there are still many things about the subject you don't know. These questions you could not answer are relatively common in everyday practice.” Then, smiling, he added: “You will all pass this course, but remember—even though you are now college graduates, your education has just begun.”The years have obscured the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught.那是在一所东部大学期末考试的最后一天。

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随着科技的发展，那些有着高级技能的人的收入上升了，而那些没技能的人的收入却被压榨了。

这种结果值得个人和社会深思。

在接下来的20年里，全球年龄在65岁的人口数量会增加甚至会是之前的两倍，将会从6亿增到11亿。

The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create go vernment budget problem。

寿命的延长演变成了退休年份的延长，而不是工作年份的延长，20世纪的经验告诉很多观察者:这一转变将会减缓经济发展的步伐，领养老金的队伍日益膨胀，这将给政府的财政预算带来麻烦。

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the i dle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and th e unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled peo ple, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most ex treme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people h ave dropped out of the workforce.勤勤恳恳的青年人和懒懒散散的老年人之间鲜明的对比的观念遗漏了一种新趋势：有技能的人和没技能的人之间的差距越来越大。

没技能的人就业越来越难，而有技能的老点的人退休年龄越来越大。

这种分裂现象在美国尤为突出。

在二战后生育高峰期出生受到了良好教育的美国人的退休期在延迟，而那些没什么技能的年轻人却已失业。

That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retire ment. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has ris en sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old agebecause these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shif t: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age.有技能的人必须工作更久，但是退休后生活会很舒适。

但是如果工作性质改变了那就要出大事了。

受教育程度高的人薪资涨得很快，直到他们老了那天都会获得获得丰厚的奖励，因为现在受过教育的老年人比以往的老年人更能为企业带来效益。

科技的变化或许能够很好地说明这一转化：人们从学习管理诀窍到发展自己的创造力来补充计算机没有的技能。

这些技能不会随着年龄的增长而削弱对其的要求。

56、what is happening in the workforce in rich countries? 发达国家的劳动力发生了什么？（B）A.younger people are replacing the elderly年轻人渐渐替代老年人B.well-educated people tend to work longer受到良好教育的人工作年限会越来越长C.unemployment rates are rising year after year就业率在逐年上升D.people with no college degree do not easily find work没上过大学的人不易就业57、what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor?是什么拉大了富人与穷人之间的差距?（B）A. Longer life expectancies人们的预期寿命越来越长B. Profound changes in the workforce劳动力发生了巨大变化C. rapid technological advance科技的日益发展D． A growing number of well-graduated.受到良好教育的人越来越多58、what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?鉴于20世纪的经验，很多观察者预测的是什么？（A）A.Economic growth will slow down.经济发展的速度将会变慢ernment budgets will increase.政府预算会增加C.More people will try to pursue higher education追求高学历的人会越来越多D.There will be more competition in the job market.就业的竞争会越来越激烈59、What is the result of policy changes in European countries?欧洲国家政策变化的结果是什么？(C)A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.没技能的人会选择提前退休B. more people have to receive in-service training.接受在职培训的人会越来越多C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.即便是富人也必须要多工作几年，以便退休后生活舒适D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans人们也许不能够享受养老金计划带来的养老固定收益60、What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?21世纪的工作特点是什么？（D）puters will do more complicated work.电脑会做更复杂的工作B.More will be taken by the educated young.很多人会被受过教育的年轻人取代C.D.Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.很多工作需要有创造能力的人来完成E.F.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.技能受到高度重视，不论年龄大小。