托福听力真题词汇(托福必备)-人体生理心理类
小马备考包——之听力真题词汇-人体生理&心理/全部来自托福听力真题——————假一罚十！哈哈马骏万岁^-^这是神马老师？？？恩，这是神马老师。
基础薄弱者必须掌握！！！！！！！！！！！背什么词汇最有效？？？你的词汇书列出给你的单词是否都是有用的？？？你每天背单词的时候是否想过这些你玩命背了忘忘了背的词是否真的会在你的阅读或者听力里出现呢？？？快扔掉单词书。
背真题词汇吧！！！。
小马整理来自历年的（1）托福笔试PBT和（2）机考CBT的真题！！！！——这才是你需要的单词。
1.intelligence 智力2.narrow 狭隘的3.account for 说明4.adapt to 使适应5.ear plug 耳塞6.corner 角落7.be aware of 意识到8.aspect 方面9.model 模式10.environment 环境11.advantage 优势12.traditional 传统的13.predict 预测14.academic success 学术成就15.reliably 可靠的16.previous 以前的17.score 计分plete 完整的19.diagnose 诊断20.experiment 实验21.noise 噪音22.reduction 削减23.theoretical 理论的24.influence 影响25.performance 进行26.illustrate 说明27.improve 改善28.habit 习惯29.conduct 进行30.underline 强调31.importance 重要性32.recent 最近的monly 通常34.recall 回忆起35.consider 考虑到36.try to 尝试37.relationship 关系38.tend to 倾向于39.select 选择40.suppose 假设41.roommate 室友42.quiet 安静43.in order to 为了44.effectively 有效率的45.radio 收音机46.whichever 无论哪个47.solution 解决办法48.effect 影响49.ability 能力50.different 不同的51.interpersonal 人际的52.indicate 表明53.theory 理论54.accomplish 达成55.concentrate 集中注意力1.Biofeedback 机能反馈疗法〔利用机械医疗作用，使病人自动控制和调整正常机能的医疗技术〕2.be conscious of 知道3.rates of heart beat 心率4.muscle tension 肌肉张力5.therapy 【医】疗法6.subtle 微妙的7.reinforcement 强化物8.theoretically 理论(上)的9.abnormally 反常的10.severe (疾病等)严重的11.philosophy 哲学12.healthy living 健康生活13.form 形成14.cause 起因15.stress 压力16.cardiovascular 【医】心血管的17.exercise 运动18.machine 机器19.measure 测量20.physiological 生理的21.analyze 分析22.rate 速率23.increase 加快24.test 测试25.heart beat 心跳26.soothe 使平静27.promote 促进28.relaxation 放松29.improve 改善30.muscle tone 肌肉的伸缩性31.classify 把...分类32.gain 获得33.control 控制34.bodily 身体的35.approve 批准36.medical 医学的37.establishment 法规38.wide 广泛的39.variety 变化40.condition 健康状况41.safely 安全地42.treat 医治43.heart disease 心脏病44.paralysis 瘫痪45.depression 抑郁症46.high blood pressure 高血压47.seminar 研讨班48.conversation 谈话49.basically 基本上50.technique 技术51.patient 病人52.function 功能53.necessarily 必要地54.negative 消极的55.aware 意识到56.induce 导致57.relatively 相对地58.possible 可能的59.obvious 明显的60.rapid 快速的61.hook up 连接62.emit 发射63.beep 信号声64.response 回应65.signal 用信号示意66.certainly 必定67.goal 目标68.degree 程度69.minimize 最小化70.similar 相似的71.at least 至少72.application 应用73.successfully 成功地74.recover 康复75.exactly 完全地76.monitor 监控77.react 做出反应78.disorder 失调1.hypothesis 假设2.potential 潜力3.disappear 消失b 实验室5.count 数数6.closed-circuit 【电】闭合电路7.measure 测量8.response 反应9.experiment 实验10.based on 基于11.well-established 完善的12.observation 观测13.stare 凝视14.expect 期望15.doll 玩具16.screen 屏幕17.job 工作18.record 记录19.second 秒20.remove 移动21.stage 阶段22.follow 跟随23.remarkable 异常的24.convince 使相信25.ability 能力26.birth 出生27.take advantage of 利用28.mathematics 数学29.untapped 未开发的30.pressure 对...施加压1.contribute to 导致2.exercise 锻炼fish 吞拿鱼3.tuna4.toss and turn 辗转反侧fortable 舒服的6.position 姿势7.heart rate 心率8.actually 事实上9.increase 增加10.difficult 困难11.relax 放松12.habit 习惯13.frequently 频繁地14.rest 休息15.virtually 差不多16.strenuously 劳累地17.preoccupied 全神贯注的18.lead to 导致19.insomnia 失眠20.disrupt 扰乱21.rhythm 节奏22.bother with 费心23.pill 药片24.cheese 芝士k 牛奶26.produce 产生27.neurotransmitter 【生化】神经传递素28.amino acid 【生化】氨基酸29.broadcast 广播1.tendency 趋势2.shyness 羞涩3.interact 相互交往4.socially 善于交际地5.consider 认为6.survey 调查7.indicate 显示8.inherited 遗传的9.timid 胆怯的10.doom 注定11.parent 父母12.overcome 克服13.prevent 预防14.gently 温柔地15.afraid 害怕16.inhibited 抑制17.train 训练18.social skill 社交技巧19.special 特别地20.interest 爱好21.smiling 微笑22.successful 成功的23.safe 安全的24.accept 接纳25.self-esteem 自尊（心）1.insomnia 失眠症2.manage 管理3.patient 病人4.clinic 诊所5.treat 治疗6.sleeplessness 失眠monly 通常8.majority 大多数9.disorder 混乱的10.suffer 遭受11.excessive 过多的12.hypersomnia 【医】嗜睡（症）13.insomniac 失眠症患者14.optimal 自愿的15.incapacitate 使无能力16.irresistible 不可抵抗的17.urge 冲动18.inappropriate 不恰当的19.meeting 会议20.supermarket 超市21.dangerous 危险的22.failure 失败23.remain 保持24.awake 清醒25.drive 运行26.operate 操纵27.machinery 机器28.obviously 明显地29.life-threatening 生命危险30.primary 主要的31.narcolepsy 发作性睡眠病32.symptom 症状33.excessive 过度的34.apparent 出现35.voluntary 自愿的36.nap 小睡1.unconsciously 无意识地2.depressed 沮丧的3.stomachs 胃4.mood 情绪5.virus 病毒6.flu 流感7.contagious 接触传染的8.drift 漂移9.slight 轻微的10.unintentional 偶然的11.signal 信号12.probably 可能13.experience 经历14.slump 猛然下落15.downcast 沮丧的16.subdue 减弱17.spread 扩散18.facial expression 面部表情19.mimic 模仿20.automatic 自发的21.split 分离的22.aware 意识到23.full-blown 完善的24.susceptible 敏感的25.physiological 生理的26.response 反应27.nervous 紧张的28.sweat 出汗29.churn 翻腾30.equally 同样地31.expressive 富于表现力的32.indication 指示1.perception 感知2.hormone 荷尔蒙3.sensitivity 敏感性4.programmed 循规蹈矩的5.cycle 周期6.blind people 盲人7.visual 视觉的8.in particular 特别9.melatonin 【生化】褪黑激素10.presence 存在11.blood 血液12.urge 冲动13.interesting 有趣的14.experiment 实验15.notice 察觉16.level 水平17.damage 破坏18.brain 大脑19.response 反应20.type 种类21.subject 接受实验者1.psychological 心理的2.treatment 治疗3.connection 联系4.physical 生理的5.illness 疾病6.cause 原因7.introduce 介绍8.interesting 有趣的9.interaction 相互影响10.placebo 安慰剂11.harmless 无害的12.substance 物质13.sugar 糖14.routinely 常规15.sick people 病人16.experiment 实验17.effectiveness 效力18.drug 药19.result 结果20.measure 测量21.receive 得到22.surprisingly 令人惊奇的是23.aspirin 阿司匹林24.basically 主要地25.healer 医生26.cure 治愈27.topic 主题28.handout 资料29.concern 关于30.midterm exam 期中测试31.cover 保密。
英语听说常考单词
英语听说常考单词一、医疗健康1. fill teeth 补牙2. prescription [prskrpn] n.药方,处方药3. dosage [dsd] n.剂量4. take temperature 量体温5. take one' s blood pressure 量血压6. injection [ndekn] 注射7. check-up n.检查8. get vaccinated 接种疫苗9. physical inspect ion 体检10. surgery [sdri] 外科手术11. epidemic [epdemk] n.流行病12. sore throat 嗓子疼13. bird flu 禽流感14. runny nose 流鼻涕15. stomachache [‘stmkek] n.胃疼16. infectious illness 传染病17. cavity [kvti] n.腔，洞；蛀牙，龋洞18. attack v.（疾病）突然发作19. toothache [tuθek] 牙疼20. symptom [smptm] n.症状21. allergy [ldi] n.过敏22. sneeze [sniz] v.打喷嚏23. fracture [frkt(r)]骨折24. coughing fit 咳嗽发作25. diabetes [dabitiz] 糖尿病26. have a temperature 发烧27. dental decay 龋齿二、外出就餐28. waiter [wet(r)] n.男服务员waitress [wetrs] n.女服务员29. pork [pk] n.猪肉30.order [d(r)] v.点菜31. beef steak 牛排32. menu [menju] n.莱单33. raw [r] adj.生的34. medium [midim] adj.半熟的35. done [dn] adj.全熟的36. snack [snk] n.快餐，点心；加餐37. dessert [dzt] n.甜点38.burger [bɡ(r)] n.汉堡39. join sb.for dinner 与某人共进晚餐40. cheese [tiz] n.芝士，奶酪41. treat [trit] v.款待，宴请42. appetizer [ptaz(r)] n.开胃菜43. make a reservation 预订44. red wine 红酒45. cater [ket(r)] v.提供饮食46. toast [tst] n.烤面包，吐司47. cutlery [ktlri] n.刀叉，餐具48. loaf [lf] n.（长条）面包49. buffet [bfe;bft]n. 自助餐50. staple [stepl] n.主食51. go Dutch AA 制,各自付帐52. roast [rst] n. 烤肉53. regular dinner 套餐54. mutton [mtn] n.羊肉55. change [tend] n.零钱三、住房装修56. landlord [lndld] n. 房东landlady [lndledi] n. 女房东57. ventilation [ventlen] n.通风58. tenant [tennt] n.房客59. accommodate [kmdet] v.向…提供住处60. apartment [pɑtmnt] n.公寓61. dwell [dwel] v.居住62. residence [rezdns] n.居住，住所63. downtown [dantan] n.市中心64. hallway [hlwe] n.走廊，过道65. suburb [sbb] n.郊区66. spare room 空余房间67. neighborhood 社区，街坊68. burglar [bɡl(r)] n.小倫，窃贼69. transportation [trnspten] n.交通70. housewarming party 乔迁聚会71. subway entrance 地铁入口72. furnished [fnt] adj.已装修的，有家具的73. crack [krk] v. 破裂74. unfurnished [nfnt] adj.未装修的75. install [nst:l] v.安装76. baby crib 婴儿床77. maintenance [mentnns] n.维修78. decoration [dekren] n.装饰79. plumber [plm(r)] n.管道工人80. multiple glazing 多层玻璃81. wash ing machine 洗衣机82. cupboard [kbd] n.碗柜，食橱83. refrigerator [rfrdret(r)] n.冰箱fridge [frd] n.冰箱84. sideboard [sadbd] n.餐边柜85. light bulb 灯泡86. sink [sk] n.水池，洗涤槽87. heater [hit(r)] n.加热器88. pipe [pap] n.管道89. leak [lik] n.漏水四、工作求职90. job vacancy 有空缺职位91. letter of application 求职信92. resume [rzjum] n.简历93. basic/ personal information基本信息/个人资料94. academic background 教育背景95. work experience 工作经验96. certificates and honors 证书和荣誊97. interview [ntvju] n.面试98. offer [f(r)] n.聘用信99. job-hopping [‘dbhpi] n.跳槽100. work overtime 加班101. ask for a raise 加薪102. weekly wage 周薪103. salary [slri] n.工资，薪水104. bonus [bns] n.奖金105. allowance [lans] n.津贴106. annual income 年收入107. promotion [prmn] n.升职108. fire [fa(r)] v.解雇109. resign [rzan] v.辞职110. retire [rta(r)] v.退休111. aid-off 下岗112.work/job/ career 工作113. post/ position/ vocation/ title 职务114. vacation [vken] v.休假115. annual leave 年假116. sick eave 病假117. rest [rest] v.休息五、环境气候118. recycled water 循环水119. renewable energy 可再生能源120. sewage treatment 污水治理121. recyclable [risaklbl] adj.可回收的12. deforestation rate 森林砍伐率123. water and soil erosion 水土流失124. temperature [temprt(r)] n.温度125. muggy [mɡi] adj.闷热潮湿的126. humidity [hjumdti] n.湿度127. breeze [briz] n.微风128. climate trend 气候趋势129. climate variation 气候变化130. climate warming 气候变暖131. climate watch 气候监视132. climate- sensitive activity 影响气候的活动133. climatic anomaly 气候异常134. conservation area 保护区135. forecast [fkɑst] n.预报136. downpour [danp(r)] n.倾盆大雨137. gust [ɡst] n.一阵狂风六、旅游出行138. plane [plen] n.飞机139. book [bk] v.订票140. timetable 时刻表141. destination [destnen] n.日的地142. one way ticket 单程票143. round trip ticket 往返票144. non-stop/ direct flight 直航145. first/ business/ economy cabin头等/商务/经济舱146. confirm the flight 确认航班147. check in 登记148. boarding card 登机脾149. security check 安检150. see off 送行151. keep in touch 保持联系152. board [bd] v.登机153. take off 起飞154. departure 离港15. safety belt 安全带156. land [lnd] v.着陆157. arrival [ravl] n.进港158. pick up 接机159. fare [fe(r)] n.车票，车费160. license [‘lasns] n.驾照161. rush hours 高峰时问162. traffic jam 交通堵塞163. one way street 单行道164. over speed 超速165. police officer 交警116. ticket [tkt] n.罚单167. fine [fan] n.罚金168. freeway [friwe] n.高速公路169. tunnel [‘tnl] n.隧道170. subway [sbwe] n.地铁underground [ndɡrand] n.地铁171. high-speed rail高铁172. take a taxi 乘出租车173. call a taxi招出租车/订出租车174. catch a train/bus赶火车/汽车七、校园生活175.optional course 选修课176. required course 必修课177. literature [ltrt(r)] n.文学178. psychology [sakldi] n.心理学179. computer science 计算机科学180. engIneering 工程学181. statistics [st’tstks] n.统计学182. archeo logy 考古学183. philosophy [flsfi] n.哲学184. cut a class 逃课185. scholarship [sklp] n.奖学金186. assistantship [sstntp] n. 助教奖学金187. semester [smest(r)] n.学期188. credit [kredt] n.学分189. final exam 期终考试190. middle exam 期中考试191. makeup exam 补考192. test [test] v.测验193. oral test 口试194. public school 公立学校195. private school 私立学校196. religious school 教会学校197. president [prezdnt] n.校长198. dean [din] n.学院院长，系主任199. professor [prfes(r)] n.教授200. associate professor 副教授201. lecturer [lektr(r)] n.讲师202. post doctorate 博士后203. doctor [dkt(r)] n.博士204. master [mɑst(r)] n.硕士205. bachelor [btl(r)] n.学士206. freshman [fremn] n.大一新生207. teaching assistant 助教208. research assistant 助研209. lend/ borrow/ check out 借书210. reference book 参考书211. return [rtn] n.还书212. overdue [vdju] adj.过期未还213. librarian [labrerin]. n.图书管理员214. periodical [pridkl] n.期刊215. cata logue 目录216. index [ndeks]. n.索引217. stack [stk] n.书库218. devote to 致力于219. run for 竞选220. candidate [knddt] n.候选人221. vote [vt] n.选票222. conflict [knflkt] v.冲突223. election campaign 选举活动224. campaign manager 活动负责人225. participant [pɑtspnt] n.参加者，参与者226. the Students's Union 学生会227. chairman [temn] n.主席228. speech contest 演讲比赛229. enroll in 登记230. sign up for 参加（俱乐部、课程等）。
托福听力之学科词汇
学科词汇汇总antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic. 海洋的snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的，遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/变形mutation 变种variation 变异zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder亚目family 科genus 属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage['kæmuflɑ:ʒ伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙alligator/ cayman / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill 鸟嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫:wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab螃蟹mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration /decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/ 铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord [fjɔ:d]峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘ElNiño 厄尔尼诺现象artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/ 族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay 随笔poetry诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义aestheticism 唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music/ wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/ 独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声政治经济subsistence 存活，生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated 世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/ 侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy 临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像animator 漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝。
托福听力文理词汇必备
消化系统
excretory system
排泄系统
hormonalsystem
内分泌系统
solitary
独居
hibernation
冬眠
metamorphosis
变态
variation
变异
mutation
变种
photosynthesis
光合作用
perennial plant
伪装
lobster
龙虾
coral
珊瑚，珊瑚虫
grease
动物脂，脂肪
spine(backbone)
兽骨
beak
鸟嘴，喙
speciology
物种学
parasitology
寄生虫学
ripe,mature,ready
成熟的
extinct
灭绝的
amphibian
两栖动物
rodent
啮齿动物
breed
养育；繁殖；品种
新托福听力文理科专业词汇必背
1.重要学科名称汇总
meteorology
气象学
seismology
地震学
metrology
计ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้学
archaeology
考古学
anthropology
人类学
philosophy
哲学
architecture
建筑学
sociology
社会学
ethics
伦理学
logic
逻辑学
aesthetics
地震波
seismology
地震学
vein
矿脉
托福听力生物学词汇整理
托福听力生物学词汇整理大家都知道托福听力的讲座内容会考到学术类的题目，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福听力生物学词汇整理，望喜欢!托福听力生物学词汇整理length 长度 fur 毛皮 nest 巢altitude 海拔高度decrease 下降difficulty 困难adapt 适应condition 环境species 物种evolve 进化phenomenon 现象describe 描述 troublesome 麻烦的 explanation 解释 occur 出现irreversible 不可改变的pollution 污染dinosaur 恐龙demonstrate 证明climate 气候reptile 爬行动物existence 存在emphasize 强调signal 信号 indicate 显示 obvious 明显的 smoke 烟 pour 倾泻overlook 忽视 harsh 严酷的 forecast 预报 thickness 厚度 survive 存活disappearing 消失alarming 令人担心的urgently 紧急地worrisome 令人担心的 particularly 特别 global warming 全球变暖blame 指责 specific 特殊的 order 规则 suddenly 突然地Metamorphosis 【生】变态 Sea-urchin 【动物】海胆 Series of major changes 一系列的主要变化Butterfly 蝴蝶 Transform 变形 Cocoon 茧hopper 跳虫〔如跳蚤、干酪蛆等〕 roach 蟑螂 toad 【动物】蟾蜍form-changing animal 变形动物 tail 尾巴 frog 青蛙life cycle 生命周期 developmental 发展的 evolutionary 进化的advantage 优势 direct 直接的basic structure 基础结构 throughout 贯穿 give birth 生下 at one time 同时 stage 阶段 model 使模仿 provide 提供 supply 供给hide 隐藏appropriate 适合的 expose 暴露 larvae 形成 cover 覆盖 adult 成年的 pump 泵incomplete 不完全 lung 肺 hatch 孵化 undergo 经历 pupa 蛹grasshopper 蚱蜢 moth 蛾characteristic 特征fly 苍蝇major 重大的biologist 生物学家transform 蜕变 spin 吐丝，作茧 trunk 躯干 mature 成熟的 twig 小树枝 gradually 逐渐地skip 跳过tadpole 蝌蚪minor 较小的distinct 不同的illustration 插图 inactivity 不活动 crawl 爬行Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Sophisticated 复杂的 Hook 钩子sea otters 【动物】水獭Pound 捣碎，舂烂，把…捣成粉Crab 蟹Chimpanzee 【动物】黑猩猩criterion (评判等的)标准Criteria criterion 的复数 keep track of 明了 prey 被捕食的动物crow 乌鸦tend to 倾向于 entire 整个 display 表现 behavior 行为intelligent 聪明的 previously 以前 design 设计 tool 工具haphazardly 任意地 similar 相似的 capacity 才能 match 匹配wide 广泛的 variety 变化 purpose 目的 hide 隐藏 beneath 在...下面nest 巢 leaf 树叶 mate 配偶 safe 安全的 search 找寻 consider 认为meaningful 具有特定意义的conclusively 不容置疑的seminar 研讨会 assign 安排托福听力备考的六个要点1、坚持以新托福听力真题为根本没有完全了解和熟悉托福听力真题前，不要去听friends，voa，空中美语，等，特别是不要听疯狂英语。
(完整版)托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
老托福-托福听力强化训练-人体生理心理学类
托福听力强化训练-人体生理心理学类第一篇（Baby hypothesis）In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babied can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed-circuit TV and measuring their responses.The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed.In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two.It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question --- should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?第二篇（sleep）Do you have trouble sleeping at night? Then maybe this is for you. When you worry about needing sleep and toss and turn trying to find a comfortable position, you're probably only making matters worse. What happens when you do that, is that your heart rate actually increases, making it more difficult to relax.You may also have some bad habits that contribute to the problem. Do you rest frequently during the day? Do you get virtually no exercise, or do you exercise strenuously late in the day? Are you preoccupied with sleep, or do you sleep late on weekends? Any or all of these factors might be leading to your insomnia by disrupting your body's natural rhythm.What should you do, then, on those sleepless nights? Don't bother with sleeping pills. They can actually cause worse insomnia later. The best thing to do is drink milk or eat cheese or tuna fish. These are all rich in amino acids and help produce a neurotransmitter in the brain that induces sleep. This neurotransmitter will help you relax, and you'll be on your way to getting a goodnight's sleep.Until tomorrow's broadcast, this has been another in the series "Hints for Good Health."第三篇（Children interact）Today we're going to talk about shyness and discuss recent research on ways to help children learn to interact socially.Many people consider themselves shy. In fact, forty percent of people who took part in our survey said they were shy --- that's two out of every five people. And there are studies to indicate that the tendency toward shyness may be inherited. But just because certain children are timid doesn't mean they are doomed to be shy forever. There are things parents, teachers, and the children themselves can do to overcome this tendency --- and even to prevent it.One researcher found that if parents gently push their shy children to try new things, they can help these children become less afraid and less inhibited. Another way to help shy children is to train them in social skills. For example, there are special training groups where children are taught things like looking at other children while talking to them, talking about other people's interests, and even smiling.These groups have been very successful at giving shy children a place to feel safe and accepted, and at building up their self-esteem.第四篇（失眠）You might think that most of the patients at sleep clinic are being treated for sleeplessness, commonly referred to as insomnia, but that is not the case. The majority of sleep-clinic patients suffer from disorders of excessive sleep --- or "hypersomnia." While most insomniacs somehow manage to drag themselves through the day and function at acceptable, although not optimal, levels, this is not so for people who suffer from hypersomnia.They are incapacitated by irresistible urges to sleep during the day, often in inappropriate situations --- at business meetings, in supermarkets, or at parties. Even more dangerous is their failure to remain awake when driving or operating machinery. Falling asleep in such situations could obviously be life-threatening.Many hypersomniacs suffer from narcolepsy, for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness. Though not apparent in childhood, this symptom most often appears for the first time during the teen years and continues throughout a person's life. The sleep attacks may occur as many as fifteen to twenty times during the course of the day and last for periods from fifteen minutes up to two hours.What can be done to help those suffering from narcolepsy? There are certain drugs that canhelp, and specialists suggest voluntary napping to decrease the frequency of such sleep attacks.第五篇（Moods）Did you know you can catch a mood? A bad mood isn't spread by a virus like the flu is, but it can be contagious. Moods sort of drift from person to person unconsciously --- slight, unintentional signals carry the mood.You've probably experienced it yourself. You're around someone who's feeling down and showing it... slumped shoulders, downcast mouth, subdued voice --- all that sort of thing. Pretty soon you begin to feel depressed too --- of course, good moods are also catching, not just bad ones. Moods spread in steps. One person's facial expression or whatever is observed by another, who then unconsciously begins to mimic. The process is automatic --- a split second mimicry. The person isn't even aware of the copying. A full-blown case of mood transfer develops as this copying continues.Not everyone picks up moods to the same degree. Those who're most susceptible often have strong physiological responses to what's going on around them. You know, people who break out in a nervous sweat easily and whose stomachs churn.People don't all send moods equally well either. The best mood senders are expressive people because mood contagion can't happen without signals. If they aren't there --- that is, the person gives no indication of the mood they're in --- nobody will pick up the mood.第六篇（Sleep）Did you ever wonder why it is that most people are "programmed" to sleep at night instead of during the day? If there's something about the cycle of light and dark that's telling us when to sleep, then shouldn't the sleep cycle of a blind person be different? As it turns out, many blind people --- people with no visual perception of light at all --- do have the same sleep cycle as sighted people.So now you're wondering, "How can this happen?" The answer is: hormones --- one hormone in particular. It's called melatonin. In sighted people, the level of melatonin goes up at night (or when it's dark) and goes down in the day (or when it's light). It's believed that it's the presence of this hormone in the blood that gives us the urge to sleep. If an increase in melatonin level "programs" sighted people to sleep at night, then what about blind people?A researcher named Dr. Charles Czeisler, tells about an interesting experiment. He tried shining a bright light into the eyes of some blind people. When he did this, he noticed that the level of the melatonin in the blood of these subjects went down --- just as it would do for sighted people. Somehow, the eyes of these subjects, even though they were damaged andhad no visual perception of light, could tell their brain when there was more or less light. Now, this doesn't work for all blind people; in fact, most of Czeisler's subjects had no hormonal response to light at all. Further research may be able to explain this sensitivity to light in terms of the type of blindness of the subject.第七篇（placebos）So, you see, physical illness can have psychological causes. Now, we just have time to introduce another interesting example of the interaction between the mind and the body --- placebos. Placebos --- maybe you've heard them called sugar pills --- are harmless substances --- not always sugar --- that are used routinely on groups of sick people in experiments. These experiments test the effectiveness of new drugs. One group is given the new drug, the other group is given a placebo, and the results are measured.As you might guess, some of the people who receive the new drug get better. Surprisingly, however, some of the placebo group also get better. Why? Well, it's an interesting question, one which doctors can't quite answer. Some of the group may have gotten better on their own, without any treatment at all, but research has shown that the very act of taking a medication that you think will make you better, often does make you feel better. Have you even taken an aspirin and felt better in five minutes? Aspirin doesn't work that fast, does it? [falling intonation] Basically, if you believe you will get better --- sometimes you do.The history of how doctors and healers have used the mind-body connection to cure people is long and interesting --- but I see that it's time to chose, so I'll have to cover this in the next class. You'll have to hold your questions on this topic till then.... Before you go, I have some handouts for you concerning the midterm exams next week.。
托福听力词汇
wind up:end up with,finish up,arrive at cut it out:stop it beat around the bush:拐弯抹角 hold the grudge:记恨 bite off more than one can chew. 表示开夜车的词组 stay up late/be up late/day in and day out/around the clock/burn the midnight oil 表示忙的词组 be up to one's neck in work get my hands full 表示替代的词组 fill in for sb/fill sb's shoes 表示提前的词组 in advance/be ahead of time/before hand 表示冷静的词组 cool off/calm down/settle/soothe/pacify 表示内向的词组 keep one's opinions/ideas to oneself self-conscious,shy,keep to oneself,unsociable,uncommunicative,withdrawn 表示看法的词组 think much(little/high) of have no use for/have no taste for It makes me uncomfortable to 表示同意的词组 You can say that again. You may well say so You said it. Well said. I will say So be it. I see eye to eye with you. And how.(降调) Right on. By all means. Go ahead. I don't wonder. No/little wonder. So does it. As far as I know.(单独使用) No problem. You are telling me. Is ice cold? Does a fish swim? Does a bird fly?
托福听力生命科学类词汇
托福听力生命科学类词汇细胞分裂cell division时刻发生在人体中，DNA脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid)可以控制细胞的生长growth和发展development，柯林斯对于DNA的解释写到：DNA determines the particular structure and functions of every cell and is responsible for characteristics being passed on from parents to their children. 细胞分裂的次数同样收到其中DNA的控制，神经细胞nerve cell只能分裂7-9次就会死亡，而皮肤细胞skin cell可以分裂很多次，但无论次数多少，人体的器官organ，组织tissue中的细胞，最终都会停止再生renew走向死亡。
人体的DNA都存储在染色体Chromosomes中，染色体共23对46条，每条染色体都存有基因系列sequences of genes。
当我们观察每一条染色体上的DNA，就会发现只有片段fraction(大概20%-30%)可以转化为convert into为有意义的基因信息。
而其余的大约70%的DNA，这就是所谓的“垃圾DNA”Junk DNA，但他们并非真的毫无作用。
在每一条染色体的尾端，都有一个特定的DNA序列叫做端粒telomere。
端粒时一段高度重复，没有遗传意义的DNA序列a highly repetitious and genetically meaningless sequence of DNA，也就是垃圾DNA，但是它有一个重要作用——保护染色体中有遗传作用的DNA序列。
每一次染色体分裂，其尾端也就是端粒会发生断裂break off，每分裂一次端粒就会变得更短，那么当起保护作用的端粒都破裂，遗传物质就会被破坏，那么该染色体就失去功能no longer functional。
托福听力重点英语单词
托福听力重点英语单词 1：Infrared ray 红外线Fluorescence 荧光Volt 伏特Magnet 磁铁Direct current 直流电Anode 正极Convection 对流Expansion 膨胀Resonance 共振Frequency 频率Dilution 稀释Reduction 还原Solution 溶液Chemical reaction 化学反应Compound 化合物Oxidation 氧化Wear and tear 磨损Flyover 立交桥Overspeed 超速Out-of-service 废气，停用Public transportation 公共运输Colony 殖民地Slavery 奴隶制度Colonial 殖民的，殖民地的Archaeology 考古学Anthropology 人类学Thanksgiving 感谢，宗感恩祈祷 Archaeologist 考古学家Ancient civilization 古代文明 Dinosaur 恐龙Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代Cello 大提琴2：Horn 圆号Key board instruments 键盘Vocal music 声乐Prelude 序曲Epilogue 尾声Lullaby 催眠曲Concerto 协奏曲Art gallery 美术馆Choreography 舞台舞蹈Technique 技巧，表演法Rhythm 节奏Improvisation 即席创作Background 背景Close-up 特写Exposure 曝光Essay 随笔Ballad 民谣Fiction 小说Allegory 寓言Legend 传说Model 人物原型Literary criticism 文学批评Schools of literature 文学流派 Realism 现实主义Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Herbivore 食草动物Anemone 海葵Antenna 触角，天线感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
托福TPO听力高频词(持续添加版)
托福TPO听力高频词（持续添加版）新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1.生物学antibody抗体to某in毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungu真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/感染microorganim/microbe微生物viru病毒difection消毒terilization灭菌biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetic 遗传学peciology物种学paraitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologit古生物学家dinoaur恐龙dieout/e某tinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的cuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganim单细胞有机体tiue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicnail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性urvivalofthefittet适者生存originofpecie物种起源wildenvironment野生环境inecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/pecimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredpecie濒危动物urvival活着的tranition转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeat酵母（菌）bacteria细菌ingle-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化net巢offpring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedegg未受精卵nutrient营养品nourihment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalim同类相食repiration呼吸ingetion摄食digetion消化digetiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleu细胞核cytoplam细胞质plamalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofpecie物种变异chromoome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程olitary独居ocial群居bio-diverity生物多样性metamorphoi变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学消化管eophagu食管tomach胃mallintetine小肠largeintetine大肠anu肛门digetivegland消化腺alivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancrea胰quirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠queak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗mooe驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinocero犀牛hippo河马loth树懒lothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪alamander蝾螈corpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤tork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴inect昆虫wap黄蜂hornet大黄蜂pider蜘蛛pet害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉manti螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfih水母nettlefih海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼hrimp小虾prawn对虾lobter龙虾crab螃蟹muel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyter牡蛎ponge海绵tarfih海星quid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopu章鱼ole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant水生植物paraiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶roette（叶的）丛生tem茎talk杆leaftalk叶柄hoot/prout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/kin果皮hell（硬）果壳huk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原moe苔藓hrub/buh灌木cluter一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horetail木贼类植物clubmoe石松类植物herb草photoynthei光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素ymbioi共生ymbiotic共生的wither/hrivel/fade凋谢bloom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tiue组织organ器官ytem 系统eed种子everlating永久的crobreed杂交rootpreure根压bore腔/肠coheion-tenion凝聚压力column花柱necroi坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate(tarch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucoe葡萄糖tarch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourihed营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树pruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松equoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumbloom梅花orchid兰花chryanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花roe玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jamine茉莉花helianthu/heliotrope/unflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oat燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologit气象学家meteorologicaltation气象站forecat/predict预报climate气候atmophere大气层tropophere 对流层tratophere平流层meophere中间层ionophere电离层e某ophere逸散层coldfront冷锋warmairma热气团current（气）流moiture潮湿，水气pell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp/moit/humid潮湿humidity湿度moiture潮湿/水分aturate饱和dew露frot霜fog/mit雾mog烟雾droplet小水condene浓缩crytal水晶体heet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempet(torm)/torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨hower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard/nowtorm暴风雪avalanche/nowlide雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风andtorm沙暴monoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado/twiter/cyclone龙卷风windcale风级tunami/eimiceawave海啸tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmophere上层大气funnel漏斗云diater/calamity/catatrophe灾难devatation破坏ubmerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速winddirection风向long-rangeforecat长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalyi云层分析；卫星云图6.地质学7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologit人类学家pale-anthropologit古人类学家ecologicalanthropologit生态人类学家pychologicalanthropologit心理人类学家originate起源于ancetor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneou 同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族e某cavation挖掘e某cavate/unearth挖掘ruin遗迹/废墟remain遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Meolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学kull颅骨cranial颅骨的foil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人culturalrelic文物rockpainting岩画8.地理学沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学真空infraredray红外线abolutemagnitude绝对量级emiion发射/散发high-reolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illuiveobject幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminoity光度lightyear光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecoytem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforet雨林foodchain食物链acidrain 酸雨greenhoue温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer/ozonophere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制waterpollution 水污染no某iou/to某ic有毒的fume（有毒的）废气wate废物olidwate固体废物ewage/watewater污水ewagepurification污水净化wagedipoal污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝11.能源相关foilfuel矿物燃料proceofphotoynthei光合作用olarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconervation保护能源reource资源energyource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的ruhhour高峰期zeroemiion零辐射wildne野生/天然preervation保护atmophere大气carbon碳dio某ide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧globalwarming全球变暖greenhoueeffect温室效应rieinealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trahgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物deertification沙漠化deforet滥伐森林drought 干旱waterhortage水源缺乏offhorepillage近海岸溢出carbondio某idereleae二氧化碳排放indutrialewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acidrain酸雨ewagedipoal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozonelayer臭氧层watedipoal废物处理emiion（汽车废气的）排放oot烟尘ElNio厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学经典的pothumou死后的14.发展史文学muicalintrument乐器orchetra（管弦）乐队hookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddru击鼓序曲epilogue尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家contruct结构wing辐楼/侧楼deign设计elevator电梯kycraper摩天大楼deignelement设计元素logtructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型buildingtechnique建筑工艺newmaterial新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperon修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archive档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂moque清真寺thetatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphalarch凯旋门phin某狮身人面像pyramid金字塔catle城堡美术fineart美术oilpainting油画watercolor水彩画tempera蛋彩画ketch速写/素描patel彩色蜡笔画poter海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/freco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landcapepainting风景画tilllife静物画portrait肖像画caricature 漫画pigment颜色，色素canva油画布bruh画笔drawingboard画板perpective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction/replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法pate裱糊impreionitictyle印象派风格framing 装框culpture雕塑culptor雕塑家figurine小雕像but半身雕塑像tatue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家a某ophonit萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。