2020届全国历史高考总复习自我综合检测(九)(解析版)
2020届全国百校联考新高考原创精准模拟考试(九)历史试卷

2020届全国百校联考新高考原创精准模拟考试(九)历史试卷一、本卷共35个小题,每小题4分,共140分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求.1.王国维《殷周制度论》载:“盖诸侯之于天子,犹后世诸侯之于盟主,……逮克殷(商)践奄,灭国数十,而新建之国皆其功臣、昆弟、甥舅……其在丧服,则诸侯为天子斩衰三年,与子为父、臣为君同。
”由此可见,西周时期A. 分封的主体是王族和先代贵族B. 宗法关系是维系皇权的纽带C. 国家政权逐渐由松散趋向严密D. 血缘分封是中央集权的基础【答案】C【解析】试题分析:由材料“新建之国皆其功臣、昆弟、甥舅”得知,分封的主体是王族,先代贵族不是主体,故A项错误;皇权的出现是在秦朝专制主义中央集权建立之后,故B项错误;材料“诸侯之于天子,犹后世诸侯之于盟主”说明商朝灭亡之前,国王与诸侯的关系比较松散,“诸侯为天子斩衰三年,与子为父、臣为君同”说明周王与诸侯的关系大大加强,故C项正确;西周通过血缘分封,加强了对地方的统治,但诸侯在自己的领地内,享有相当大的独立性,故D项错误。
所以答案选C。
考点:古代中国的政治制度·商周时期的政治制度·宗法分封制【名师点睛】分封制、宗法制、礼乐制的关系:(1)分封制是宗法制的政治体现。
周天子以嫡长子世袭,其余诸子由周天子将土地、庶民和奴隶分封给他们,成为诸侯。
在诸侯领地内,诸侯仍由嫡长子继承,其余诸子接受分封,成为卿大大。
卿大夫再依次分封。
这样层层分封下去,形成森严的等级制度。
(2)宗法制是分封制的内核纽带。
宗法制以血缘关系为纽带,保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位,防止贵族之间因为权力的继承问题发生纷争,维护统治集团内部的稳定和团结,从而维护了政治统治的稳定。
总之,分封制与宗法制是互为表里、相辅相成的关系。
(3)西周的礼乐制是保证分封制、宗法制稳定推行的工具。
2.历史学家阎步克根据史传统计了西晋时期被察举者的社会出身,在所得131例中,高官贵戚子弟占16.8%;中级官僚子弟占20.6%;下层人士占32.1%,蜀吴亡国以后被察举的士人占30.5%。
2020届全国高三高考备考人教版历史一轮复习《必修综合》专题9测试卷(含答案)

绝密★启用前2020届全国高三高考备考人教版历史一轮复习《必修综合》专题9测试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,共100分,考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题(共16小题,每小题3.0分,共48分)1.按照“一国两制”的构想,台湾作为特别行政区,可以拥有比香港、澳门特别行政区更大的自主权,这主要是指()A.保持资本主义制度不变B.中央政府不干涉台湾地方事务C.外国资本不动D.可以保留自己的军队2.在谈到学校应如何发展时,邓小平同志说:“应该考虑各级各类学校发展的比例,特别是扩大农业中学、各种中等专业学校、技工学校的比例;要研究发展什么样的高等学校,怎样调整专业设置、安排基础理论课程和进行教材改革。
”据此可知,邓小平强调()A.教育事业必须同国民经济发展的要求相适应B.提高国民素质是教育事业的目的C.学校教育在新时期教育中占主导地位D.国家应重视中等职业教育的发展3.1861年,清政府恭亲王奕在奏折中说:“综计天下大局,是今日御夷,譬如蜀之待吴,蜀与吴,仇敌也,而诸葛亮秉政,仍遣使通好,约共讨魏。
”因而太平天国出现的局面是( )A.肩负起反帝反封建的革命任务B.发生了内讧,从此由盛转衰C.被中外反动势力联合镇压D.主张引进西方先进的科学技术4.1949年开国大典,北京居民观礼时出行的代步工具有可能是()①自行车②有轨电车③公共汽车④地铁A.①③④B.①②④C.①②③D.②③④5.加入世界贸易组织,对中国既是机遇又是挑战。
中国正式加入世界贸易组织的时间是() A. 1978年12月B. 1986年9月C. 1991年11月D. 2001年12月6.日本右翼势力认为:“在支那事变(指1937~1945年日本侵华战争)发展的过程中,日军……并没有掠夺领土的性质。
最重要的是,日本方面并没有掠夺领土的意图。
”下列各项有力驳斥了以上言论的是()①九一八事变后,东北变成日本的殖民地②通过《马关条约》割占台湾③全面侵华战争期间占领华北、华中和华南大片领土④南京大屠杀A.①②③B.①③C.③④D.③7.某班历史兴趣小组在自主学习和探究“工业革命”一课之后,有四人分别写了历史小论文。
2020届高考历史一轮复习专题九新民主主义社会向社会主义社会的过渡课件

想的是 ( ) ①《共同纲领》
②人民代表大会制度
③政治协商制度 ④民主集中制
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
Hale Waihona Puke 答案 C 本题考查近现代中国的民主政治建设,考查了解历史事实、分析历史结论的能 力。试题以毛泽东的言论为载体,考查历史解释素养,引导学生树立道路自信、理论自信、制 度自信和文化自信。 从材料信息看,毛泽东强调,中国共产党与民主人士的合作至关重要,能体现这一思想的是《共 同纲领》和政治协商制度,而人民代表大会制度和民主集中制无法体现该思想。故选C项。
6.(2016江苏单科,12,3分)对于即将参加的某国际会议,中国代表团定下的外交基调是:争取越 南南北以北纬16度线为界实现停战,促使法军撤出,反对美国干涉。这次国际会议是( ) A.日内瓦会议 B.万隆会议 C.第一届不结盟国家和政府首脑会议 D.第26届联合国大会
答案 A 1954年,为和平解决朝鲜和印度支那问题,新中国首次以世界五大国之一的地位参 加了日内瓦会议,并积极推动会议达成了《关于恢复印度支那和平的日内瓦协议》,故选A 项。万隆会议、第一届不结盟国家和政府首脑会议、第26届联合国大会均与题干情境不符, 排除。
7.(2015安徽文综,17,4分)有学者评价:“它凝结了以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人、民主党派 和无党派民主人士的心血,又经过反复讨论、修改,所以得到了全国各方面人士的一致拥 护。”据此判断,“它”是指 ( ) A.《双十协定》 B.《论联合政府》 C.《共同纲领》 D.《论十大关系》
答案 C 《双十协定》是国共两党达成的协议,《论联合政府》和《论十大关系》是毛泽 东作的报告,都不符合题干材料中“中国共产党人、民主党派和无党派民主人士的心血”的 限定,故A、B、D错误。选C。
2020届高三12月质量检测历史试题及答案

2020届高三12月质量检测历史试题一、选择题(本大题共32小题,每小题1.5分,共计48分。
在每小题列出的4个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)1.考古发现西周时期的一些异族贵族群体的墓葬同西周贵族墓葬相比,墓地在墓向、墓葬形制、葬式以及殉葬习俗等方面存在较多相似之处。
这表明当时()A.异族贵族以礼乐制度维系贵族身份B.异族地区分封制与宗法制相结合C.礼乐制度推动了西周文化的传播D.墓葬制度凸显了各级贵族的特权2.荀子反对仲尼之徒“羞称乎五伯(箱)”的政治观,认为“王道”与“霸道”的区别在于前者用礼义治国,后者以信用称霸诸侯,它们都是社会从乱到治、政治由暴而王的中间环节。
从材料可知,荀子的主张()A.背弃了孔子的儒学思想B.旨在迎合争霸战争霱要C.实现了儒法两派的合流D.超越了传统的王道观念3.九品中正制度规定,中正一定是现任的朝廷大官,亦由朝廷委任。
这样虽然把原来跟朝廷相对立的乡里清议纳入朝廷选举的轨道,但东汉以来地方大姓对乡里清议的私家操纵也由此取得合法地位。
由此可见九品中正制()A.是中央和地方妥协结果B.清除了汉代察举制的弊端C.使中正官控操控了选人大权D.沉重打击了地方大族势力4.唐中期以前,“工商之家,不得预于士”,而到清乾隆年间,盐商家庭出身的进士达到了280余名,占全国进士总数的1.88%,这一现象主要反映了()A.重农抑商政策的破产B.商人谋求转变社会地位C.士贵商贱的观念已打破D.商业受到政府的高度重视5.在糊名制出现之前的唐代科举考试中,出现过一种“倒歧视”的现象,即许多高官子弟不以门荫入仕,而是去参加进士考试。
这种现象在一定程度上说明()A.士族丧失政治特权B.社会舆论决定士族选择C.科举制的地位日益稳固D.冗官问题日益严重6.宋明理学的开创者之一周敦颐认为,“万物”是从水、火、木、金、土五种特殊实物变化而来的,五种特殊实物是从阴阳二气变化而来的,阴阳二气又是从“一”变化而来的。
2020年最新人教版高考历史一轮复习综合测试卷(含答案)

2020年高三年级第二学期第一次质检历史试卷(文科)满分:100分,时间:90分钟一、选择题(共40小题,60分)1.《佐传•隐公四年》记载: 四年春季,卫国国君桓公之弟州吁杀了卫桓公而自立为国君。
州吁不能安定卫国百姓,于是臣子石厚向石碏询问安定君位的办法。
石碏日:“王觐为可。
”由此可知A.卫国政局长期动荡B.嫡长子继承制被破坏C.分封秩序仍然存在D.礼乐制度已经崩溃2.西周中期的青铜器“卫秃”铭文记载:周恭王三年,贵族裘卫用玉器和礼服从贵族矩伯手里换得1300亩田,并通过执政大臣进行了授田仪式,办理了换田手续,刻于青铜器上作为凭证。
这一事件反映了当时A.贵族权重,世袭制巩固B.田地交换,井田制动摇C.田地买卖,私有制确立D.王室衰微,分封制崩溃3.中国商周时期便有男子休妻“七出”之说,后又增加“三不去”对随意休妻进行限制,即“妻子无娘家可归、曾替家翁姑服丧三年、丈夫娶妻时贫贱但后来富贵”。
这些规定()A.保护了女性基本权益B.维护了宗法伦理秩序C.稳定了家庭婚姻关系D.体现了男女平等观念4.“不离日用常行内,直造先天未画前”,下列表述最接近这一思想内涵的是A.纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行B.一生未悟诚明了,百行须知孝悌先C.无声无臭独知时,此是乾坤万有基D.格物致知诚意正心,修身齐家治国5.“文化”一词正式出现是在西汉刘向的《说苑•指武》中,“圣人之治天下也,先文德而后武力。
凡武之兴,为不服也;文化不改,然后加诛”。
据此可以推知,将“文化”二字合为一词的本义是A.以道德礼乐去教化、感染B.儒学中治国平天下的内容C.先秦创造的精神文明成果D.起用知识分子以治理国家6.夏商的史官在职责上是史巫合一,既掌管天文术数,为统治者提供宗教式预言。
又保管典籍、记录时事;周代史巫开始分离,史官被定位在“掌官书以赞治”的官僚位置上。
以上史官角色意识的变化A.反映出周代王权与神权实现脱离B.影响了后世对历史记录的认识C.取决于中央官僚机构职能的调整D.体现了周代政治理性化的趋势7.学者王亚南指出,“因为有了这一项根本决定,任何贵族就没有‘食土子民’的权能。
2020届高三新高考备考监测联考历史试题

高三新高考备考监测联考历史考生注意 :1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 )和第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题 )两部分 ,共 100 分。
考试时间90 分钟。
2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。
3.本试卷主要考试内容:人教、人民版必修1+必修 2 前六单元 +选修 3。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共46分)一、单项选择题(本大题共15 小题 ,每题 2 分 ,共 30 分。
在每题给出的四个选项中,只有一项为哪一项符合题目要求的。
)1.秦代文书由各机关特意部门进行管理,设有吏、令史等专职文案工作人员,负责拟制抄写、签押用印、负责人判署、送达驿传、移交和保存等。
这反应出秦代重视A.保护君主至上威望B.防备地方权益膨胀C.完美地方督查制度D.保障政务有效运转2.古代雅典陪审法庭的陪审员由公民抽签选举产生,以后构成十个审讯庭。
暂时抽签决定陪审员所负责审理的案件。
在审讯时,陪审员依据原、被告和证人的发言进行奥密投票,得票多者胜诉。
由此可知, 在古代雅典A.法律着重保护老百姓利益B.司法程序逐渐改良C.民主原则贯串司法过程D.陪审法庭威望较高3.在甲午战争期间 ,有人在天津《直报》撰文指出 :日本“合约既有所不管 ,公法亦有所不遵。
不论讲和抑或定约 ,彼势必多方需索 ,百般刁难” 。
可见 ,该学者在此A.揭穿日本侵华蓄谋已久B.认为清政府应动员全国力量备战C.劝告清廷踊跃抵挡外侮D.重申应依国际公法限制日本寻衅4.以下图是对于近代中国某一重要历史事件的漫画。
该漫画的主要寓意是A.北洋军阀充任列强治华工具B.公民大革命深重打击军阀权益C.日本全面侵华加深民族危机D.国共再次合作领导全民族抗战5.下表是不一样史籍对 1917 年俄国历史的记录。
这些记录反应出当时俄国论述出处“ 俄罗斯素来没有经历过20 世纪的今日所发生的事情。
这是俄人在《苏联历史档案选1055 年内用艰辛劳动成立起来的整个国家的崩溃和无政府状态”编》(第 1 卷)《武装的先知 :托洛茨“居民情绪激动 ,除个他人外 ,都认为‘ 过去更好’的说法愈来愈多”基 (1879~1921) 》原杜马主席罗将柯说 :假如德军重修彼得格勒的法律和次序,他必定表示欢《苏联历史档案选迎编》(第 2 卷)A.激烈要求与德和解B.革命民众基础摇动C.神往德国政体模式D.急需稳固社会次序6.1949 年 ,毛泽东在新年献词中向全国人民宣布了新中国的国体构思:“成立由无产阶级领导的、以工农结盟为主体的人民民主专政的共和国。
(全国II卷)陕西省2020届高三历史九月联考试题

全国 II 卷)陕西省 2020 届高三历史九月联考试题注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3.全部答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
4.本试卷满分100 分,测试时间90 分钟。
5.考试范围:必修一+必修二+必修三。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共24 个小题,每小题2 分,共48 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.距今约5000 年左右的良渚文化遗址,在空间上分为宫殿区、内城与外城三部分。
古城还有祭坛、贵族墓地、手工业作坊等处。
良渚先民创造出一套包括玉璧、玉琮、玉钺在内的玉礼器系统。
据此可知,当时可能A.青铜铸造技术成熟B. 形成礼乐制度C. 氏族制度不复存在D. 出现早期国家2.商代方国处于独立、半独立状态,方国首领只需臣服于商王,仍是其部落首领。
而西周受封诸侯对周天子有镇守疆土、勤于王事、缴纳贡赋、朝觐述职等义务。
这种变化说明西周A.确立奴隶主贵族世袭特权B.国家结构相对紧密C.王室始终确定诸侯王人选D. 中央垂直管理地方3.战国初期,楚国虽地广人多,但国力萎靡,后吴起至楚“明法审令,捐不急之官,废公族疏远者,以抚养战斗之士”。
此后,诸侯皆畏服楚国,楚人“兵震天下,威服诸侯”。
可见,吴起变法A. 具有急功近利的特点B. 以统一作为战争的出发点C.确立了官僚政治体制D. 有利于楚国实现富国强兵4.汉武帝时,朝廷任命一些封君担任太常官职,使他们每次侍奉宗庙不谨而获罪乃至被除爵。
朝廷的这种做法A.强化了宗法制度B. 确立了对家族的认同感C.削弱了诸侯实力D. 结束了郡国并存的局面5. 《资治通鉴》记载:(西晋)永嘉之乱,中州人士避地河西(今河西走廊),张氏礼而用之,子孙相承,衣冠不坠,故凉州号为多士。
”该现象体现了A. 中原文化的拓展B. 中西部经济融为一体C.社会分化的加深D. 河西文化圈正式形成6.唐高宗咸亨二年(671 年)某月,粟特胡商曹禄山对来自长安的汉族商人李绍谨提出诉讼,希望官府给出公道,官府在审判这个商业纠纷时,没有偏袒任何一方。
2020届全国英语高考总复习自我综合检测(九)(解析版)

2020届全国英语高考总复习自我综合检测(九)(解析版)1、Want a family-friendly spot? Don’t miss the followings!Railroad Museum of Long IslandThe Railroad Museum (200 New Hwy., Commack) highlights the LIRR’s rich history. Families can learn about the Island’s railroa d heritage as well as checking out various restored train cars on displays.Cold Spring Harbor Whaling MuseumHead to the Cold Spring Harbor Whaling Museum (301 Main St., Cold Spring Harbor) to learn about historic marine life. The museum’s aim is to inform and encourage members and visitors to make informed decisions about marine life through exhibits about their environmental significance on Long Island. Some exhibit favorites include a fully-equipped 19th century whaleboat with original gear, tools used by whalers, the jaw of a whale and a diorama (透景画) of Cold Spring Harbor in 1850. Visitors can touch whale bones or partake in family workshops filled with toys, puzzles and games.American Airpower MuseumThe goal of American Airpower Museum (1230 New Hwy, Farmingdale) is to preserve the legacy (遗产) of all Americans who sacrificed themselves to defend our liberties. They seek to educate new generations about their courage and heroism by presenting armor(盔甲) in the museum through displays, exhibits and programs.Cradle of Aviation MuseumAir and space is a fascinating topic for some kids, and the Cradle of Aviation (Charles Lindbergh Blvd., Garden City) features more than 75 air and spacecraft, a dozen cockpits and 30 hands-on exhibits in nine galleries.A favorite among kids is the Sesame Street show featuring Big Bird, Elmo and more as they learn about the Big Dipper, the North Star, the sun and the moon.1.Which museum offers us a chance to appreciate a variety of air and spacecraft?A.Railroad Museum of Long Island.B.Cold Spring Harbor Whaling Museum.C.American Airpower Museum.D.Cradle of Aviation Museum.2.What can the visitors do at Cold Spring Harbor Whaling Museum?A.Go hunting for free.B.Play with the whale.C.Learn the life of sea animals now.D.Observe a well-reserved whaleboat.3.Which spot is an astronautics fan likely to explore?mack.B.Garden City.C.Cold Spring Harbor.D.Farmingdale.2、We know that our smartphones are expertly-designed distraction devices that weaken our efforts to resist. But, we also know that resistance is important if we’re ever going to find a workable middle ground with our phones – and a recent has served up another reason to strengthen our resolve.Here it is: when you pick up your phone while doing anything mentally challenging, you're handicapping your brain’s ability to recharge and performance predictably decreases.That’s the conclusion of a study that put roughly 400 college students to task solving challenging word puzzles. When they were about halfway through, the researchers allowed most of the students to take a break either using their phones, using a computer or reading a print circular. Other students were told to just keep on working without any sort of break.The results showed that the students who took a break with their phones were the worst performers of all the groups. They took 19% longer to finish the tasks and they solved 22% fewer word-problems than all the other groups combined. In fact, the cell-phone group’s effic iency and processing speed was about the same as the group that took no break.The reason offered by the researchers isn’t merely because digital devices are inherently engaging(迷人的), but because our smartphones are attention gates into so many other attention-catching areas, each pulling our mental energy in different directions.This research stresses that we ignored the energy reduction from using our smartphones, and that we were over-confident about what our brains can handle. We also overlooked the emotional connection we'd developed with our phones. It's no longer just a device. It's a companion.“It is important to know the costs associated with reaching for this device during every spare minute,” Kurtzberg added. “We assume it’s no different from any other break – but the phone may carry increasing levels of distraction that make it difficult to return focused attention to work tasks.”1.What does “resolve” in Pa ragraph 1 refer to?A.Finding a workable phone.B.Resisting using phones.C.Making full use of phones.D.Upgrading personal phones.2.The underlined word “handicapping” in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.A.strengtheningB.performingC.weakeningD.changing3.What can we learn from the research?A.There are two groups of students in the research.B.All the students can not take a break in the research.C.The cell-phone group did best in solving the puzzles.D.Students have to complete word puzzles before the break.4.What’s the main idea of the Paragraph 6?A.The phone is no longer favored by people.B.The phone is not as powerful as expected.C.People cannot connect emotionally with phones.D.People didn’t fully understand the effect of phones.3、Th e term“smiling depression”—appearing happy to others while actually suffering depressive symptoms(症状)—has become increasingly popular. In fact, many people who experience a low mood and a loss of pleasure in activities manage to hide their condition in this way. And these people might be particularly easy to suicide.While smiling depression is not a technical term that psychologists use,it is certain to be depressed and manage to successfully mask the symptoms. The closest technical term for this condition is “atypical depression”. It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don’t have a reason to be sad — they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner. They smile when you greet them and can carry pleasant conversations. In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.People with smiling depression put on a happy face to the outside world, but they can experience a lift in their mood as a result of positive occurrences in their lives. Other symptoms of this condition include overeating, feeling a sense of heaviness in the arms and legs and being easily hurt by criticism or rejection. They are also more likely to feel depressed in the evening and feel the need to sleep longer than usual. With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.So how can they break this circle? A starting point needs to be known that this condition actually exists and that it’s serious. Only when we stop ignoring our problems because we think they’re not serious enough can westart making an actual difference. Then we can find purpose by taking the attention away from ourselves and placing it onto something else. Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning — and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.1.What do we know about people suffering smiling depression?A.They are wearing masks all day.B.They are difficult to get along with.C.They lead an abnormal life actually.D.Most of them commit suicide.2.What does the underlined word “atypical” in paragraph 2 mean?A.representativemonC.hiddenD.formalpared with smiling depression, people suffering other depressions______.A.may feel sleeplessB.feel more depressed in the eveningC.are tired of heaviness in the armsD.may eat more food4.What can we do to overcome smiling depression?A.Never talk about smiling depression and ignore its existence.B.Admit the condition and pay attention to ourselves.C.Value the importance of our life and enjoy it.D.Find out the problem and place it onto somebody else.4、If there was a subject at school that made me anxious, it was science. Maybe that’s because in my tenth grade, I couldn’t understand my physics teacher’s instructions, causing me to accidentally set fire to the classroom. So, when my husband and I decided to home-school our daughters, we made a deal: he would teach science, while I would handle everything else. But that’s not how things have been going these past few weeks, since my husband has been too busy to teach the girls.Recently, while out on my morning hike before starting lessons, I noticed that the sky was a beautiful blue, and the air was filled with the sweet smell of flowers. That’s why I decided that the day’s lessons wo uld be taught outside, although I remembered that my daughters hadn’t had any science classes from my husband for a while.I returned to the house to get the girls ready. We headed up into the forest, settling ourselves by a pond that rarely has any visitors. My daughter Saoirse started to pick up pond weeds and catch frogs, while my other daughter Ula looked at me, waiting to be instructed. I handed her a drawing board and colored pencils. “We wait,”I told her, “and see if something comes along. In the meantime, just draw what’s around you.”We worked for more than an hour, hardly speaking. A bird flew across the water, and then settled in front of a fallen tree. I quickly told Ula, worried that she’d not seen the creature. But she had, and she started dra wing it.An hour later, she finished her picture and I stared down at it. She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy. But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing: she also drew me, sitting beside her.I realized, as I stared at th is child’s drawing of us watching a bird, how I’d lived for 40 years, gathered 10 years of higher education, and never understood the foundation of science before this moment. The foundation of science is a sense of wonder; it isn’t about accurately reciti ng words from a textbook. It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy lives and amazing at the world around us.1.How did the author feel about science when in school?A.She was nervous about it.B.She was fond of it.C.She was confused about it.D.She was eager for it.2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “__________”.A.the fallen treeB.the forestC.the birdD.the picture3.Which of the following best describes Ula?A.She’s very outgoing.B.She’s good at observing.C.She’s ver y hard-working.D.She shares interests with her sister.4.What is the foundation of science in the author’s opinion?A.Attention to accuracy.B.Curiosity about the outside world.C.Determination to find out the truth.D.Ability to understand teachers’ inst ructions.5、I wouldn't he the person I am today if I never travelled. Travelling has given me tons of great lessons that I'll never forget.1.Appreciating another cultureLearning about another culture in school is one thing, but actually experiencing it is another. ①_______ You can visit art museums, watch landmarks, or just stop at a café. Before you know it, you'll pick up on local customs or fall in love with unfamiliar foods.2.The pleasure of unplugging from social mediaSocial media takes up a lot of our time and ifs really distracting and even damaging. So for me, when I travel I love the fact that I'm often cut off from any Internet. I stop caring about what others are doing and instead focus on having fun. ②_______3.Exploring your capability(能力)③_______ It brings the best out of you. As a shy person, I feel a sense of pride when I make friends with complete strangers or talk in broken foreign languages. Travelling has truly changed me in the best way. Now, whatever happens, I'm capable of meeting the challenge!4.PatienceI have never taken a vacation where nothing goes wrong. I ever lost my luggage, got hopelessly confused with directions, and waited 5 hours on a train that broke down on mid journey. ④_______ Unexpected things can happen at any moment. The accidents travelling throws on your way teaches you to be more patient with your everyday problems.5.The world isn't as scary as you thinkIf you watch the news as much as I do, it's easy to start thinking that the entire world is a scary, dangerous place. ⑤_______ But in general, the average country is just as safe as the one you live in now. Why let your fear prevent you?A.Travelling is a transforming experience.B.Life doesn't always go according to plan.C.Travelling, however, lets us stop and enjoy the moment.D.The world is a giant place, and we each just make up a tiny part of it.E.I find a life behind a screen can never compare with a life being lived fully.F.Travelling exposes you to people and lifestyles quite different from those at home.G.It's important when travelling to keep your wisdom and take special precautions.6、I was studying chemistry at college because my family thought it was the key to success. One day, my professor took me aside and asked a very simple question, “Why are you in my class when it’s obvious that you have little or no 1 in chemistry?”I came up with an explanation by 2 pressure from my dad, but he knew it was just a /an 3 excuse. He gave me the following advice.“Success can only be measured by oneself, and each of us is 4 . Your success will not be the same asm ine, as your neighbor’s or your parents’. There is no secret rule, no examination you have to 5 , and no guarantee, but there is a secret ingredient 6 . To be successful in life in the broadest sense, youmust 7 your passion. Whether it is fixing cars or exploring the world, you must be passionate aboutyour 8 and set a path to achieve it. Only then will you find true 9 .”Since I was just nineteen years old, that was pretty profound advice to 10 , but I knewinstinctively that he was 11 . I made a conscious self-examination of my short life to 12 where my passion was hiding. It was so 13 that even my kid sister could have told me my true passion was music. It was in my genes. I could play the piano by ear, but had 14 considered music as a hobby.Could I be a successful musician? Or a songwriter? Or a music critic? There was only one way to find out, so I took my professor’s 15 and switched to the university’s music sc hool. I studied harmony and composition, learned how to play a clarinet(单簧管) and 16 the symphony band. I felt as though I was on top of the world, and that 17 has never left me.I’m now fifty-four years old, and a very happy and 18 man. As I look at the walls of my small office, I still get a thrill at seeing the records I 19 , the photos of the famous musicians I was lucky enough to play with, and the praises from many of the finest instrumentalists in the world who I am honored to call my friends.Life was a long journey, and not a/an 20 one, but I followed my passion and succeeded.1.A.achievement B.doubt C.interest D.belief2.A.blaming B.gathering C.overcoming D.reducing3.A.accurate B.weak C.direct D.innocent4.A.creative B.perfect C.honest D.different5.A.design B.pass C.control D.stand6.A.knowledge B.confidence C.passion D.effort7.A.pursue B.assume C.negotiate D.advocate8.A.study B.need C.goal D.gift9.A.fortune B.friendship C.character D.happiness10.A.confirm B.absorb C.remember D.seek11.A.sensitive B.generous C.kind D.right12.A.choose B.discover C.report D.follow13.A.likely B.popular C.obvious D.practical14.A.only B.even C.never D.seldom15.A.message B.lecture C.advice D.view16.A.helped B.started C.hosted D.joined17.A.feeling B.experience C.expression D.appreciation18.A.generous B.patient C.brave D.contented19.A.made B.bought C.received D.copied20.A.good B.easy C.ordinary D.safe7、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。
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2020届全国历史高考总复习自我综合检测(九)(解析版)1、春秋时期,赵简子说“……克敌者,上大夫受县,下大夫受郡,士田十万,庶人工商遂”。
这表明春秋时( )A.以郡统县体制的出现B.贵族体制受到冲击C.工商皆本思想出现D.血缘政治隶属关系得到加强2、“桀纣之失天下也,失其民也;失其民者,失其心也。
……民之归仁也,犹水之就下、兽之走圹也。
”如果把其引用于论文写作,最贴切的论点应是( )A.“三纲”为天经地义,“五常”乃人伦道德标准B.顺应民意的统治有利于维护社会秩序,保持国家稳定C.在逆境中奋斗,才能激发出强烈的进取精神D.在忧患中才能生存,贪图安乐就必然会导致灭亡3、《清明上河图》中,酒店门首通常都悬挂着红栀子灯, 虹桥附近有家脚店(小型酒馆),门口设置了一个灯箱广告,上书“十千脚店”四字。
灯箱广告的出现反映了()A.北宋家庭手工业技术的先进B.城市商业经营的时间限制已被打破C.当时商业竞争异常激烈D.北宋时期酒店已广泛应用广告4、康熙年间,钱塘人俞森在《荒政丛书》中记载:“一妇每日纺棉三两,月可得布二匹,数月之织,可供数口之用,其余或换钱易粟,或纳税完官。
”材料表明当时( )A.农本商末观念开始改变B.小农经济并非是完全封闭的C.农村商品经济发达D.纺织业是农村家庭支柱产业5、下图是20世纪初西方某报刊上的一幅时局漫画《慈禧太后跑路》。
下列关于漫画反映的这一时局及影响的说法正确的是( )A.漫画反映了第二次鸦片战争中国战败的史实B.义和团运动挽救了中国被侵略的命运C.其结果促进了中国资产阶级革命的兴起D.西方列强随后掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮6、据清末某官员记述,自1888年漠河金矿创办运行,“时不过二年,骤能如此其盛,若沿边一带,矿务渐次开拓,商务即可渐次腾茂,星罗棋布。
边境虽虚,何尝不可借开矿招商而实之哉。
”这表明了当时( )A.开办漠矿有利于巩固边防B.官办企业促进了商业繁荣C.民族工业有了进一步发展D.鼓励实业的政策成效显著7、如图为20世纪50年代前半期中国对外贸易的状况示意图,该图主要反映出中国( )A.对苏联和对西方贸易额出现交替上升状态B.被西方封锁遏制,外交上实行"一边倒"C.国民经济建设国际环境恶劣,举步维艰D.同西方国家经济技术交流活动陷于停滞8、下图为中国1985—2004年经济增长率走势图,对此解读最全面的是( )A.经济体制改革顺应了世界经济的发展趋势B.加入世贸组织使我国经济增长达到最高点C.折射出经济体制改革的深化和转型的阵痛D.建立社会主义市场经济体制成为社会共识9、克利斯提尼时期的“五百人会议”由梭伦时期的“四百人会议”发展而来,两者都是雅典公民大会的常设机构。
四百人会议与五百人会议的区别是( )A.前者按部落选出,后者按行政选区选出B.前者按等级选出,后者按部落选出C.前者注重家庭出身,后者注重财产多寡D.前者适用于所有公民,后者适用于部分公民10、[★★](2015·山东临沂模拟)观察下面这幅漫画,从中可以获得的信息是( )共和党控制的众议院与民主党控制的参议院在实施美国全民医保上的分歧,导致美国政府停摆。
①美国国会对总统的权力制衡②美国国会参众两院之间的分权制衡③美国两党之间的利益争斗④美国两党之间的争斗是合法的政治斗争,不会伤及国家利益A.①②④B.①②③C.①③④D.②③④11、1918年苏维埃俄国的一位市民拿100卢布在市场上购买了 100斤粮食,以下判断及理由正确的是( )A.错,当时形势严峻、物价上涨,粮食不可能那么便宜B.错,“战时共产主义”政策是不允许自由买卖的C.对,国家实行余粮收集制,人们只能去买D.对,苏俄政府修改了原有政策,允许自由贸易12、 2018年4月13日,美军联合英国、法国对叙利亚军事设施进行“精准打击”,以作为对之前叙东古塔地区发生“化学武器袭击”的回应。
对此,俄、叙表示谴责,称打击是非法的。
加拿大、澳大利亚、日本等国对军事行动表示支持。
4月14日,联合国安理会也未能通过相关决议草案。
由此说明( )A.联合国主要由发达国家操纵B.世界多极化格局面临着严峻挑战C.恐怖主义严重威胁世界和平D.霸权主义导致国际局势动荡13、(节选)民主政治是历史发展趋势,并随着时代进步不断完善。
阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一自1953年以来,全国人民代表大会及地方各级人民代表大会选举法,对于各省、自治区、直辖市应选全国人民代表大会代表的名额,均按照农村每一代表所代表的人口数四倍于城市每一代表所代表的人口数的原则分配。
——根据1953—2009年我国实行的人民代表大会选举法材料二第十六条全国人民代表大会代表名额,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会根据各省、自治区、直辖市的人口数, 按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数相同的原则,以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配。
——摘自2010年3月14日第十一届全国人大第三次会议关于修改选举法的决定1.对比材料一和材料二,指出我国农村地区在全国人大代表中所占比例的变化。
结合所学知识,阐述促使这种变化产生的时代背景。
2.综上,结合所学知识,谈谈民主政治不断完善的社会条件。
14、(节选)人类文明历经千百年的隔绝、碰撞、交融,不断走向新的“解放”。
阅读材料,回答问题。
材料在公元前800至公元前200年间发生了人类精神的奠基。
这个时代称为“轴心时代”在此时代中,许多杰出的思想家几乎同时产生于中国、印度与西方,而他们互不知晓。
——雅斯贝斯《哲学导论》结合所学,指出“轴心时代”中国思想家孔子、老子思想的主要内容,并分别用一句话概括希腊哲学家苏格拉底、亚里士多德在西方学术史上的地位。
15、[历史——选修1:历史上重大改革回眸]材料据1964年统计,中华人民共和国全年卫生事业费9亿3000余万元中,用于公费医疗的2亿5000 余万元占27%,其中用于县以下的仅占16%。
这就是说,用于830万享受公费医疗的人员的经费,比用于5亿多农民的还多。
当了解到城乡卫生资源的差距如此之大时,毛泽东十分震怒,于是在1965年6月26日发表了一个讲话:“医学教育要改革医学教育用不着收什么高中、初中生。
高小毕业学三年就够了。
主要在实践中学习提高……把医疗卫生工作的重点放到农村去嘛。
”这就是著名的“六二六指示”。
由于有毛泽东的“六二六指示”和短期内培养大批适合农村经济条件的基层卫生人员的独特构想,在中国大地上造就了数以百万计的农村基层卫生人员——赤脚医生。
到1975年底,全国已有85010个生产大队实行了合作医疗,有赤脚医生1559214人,生产队的卫生员3282481人,接生员615184人。
这支队伍的规模远远超过了当时卫生部拥有的卫生人力总量(220万名卫生技术人员)。
他们为农村医疗发展做出了重大贡献。
1.根据材料并结合所学知识,概述20世纪60年代中华人民共和国农村医疗改革的背景。
2.根据材料并结合所学知识,简要评价20世纪60 年代的农村医疗改革。
16、【历史——选修3:20世纪的战争与和平】材料在肯尼迪总统的“新边疆”政策体系中,有一项举措颇为引人注目,即向第三世界国家派遣以技术人员、教师为主的和平队计划。
对肯尼迪及美国文化而言,第三世界是亟待探索的“新边疆”的象征。
这项重大举措是美国与苏联进行冷战中的重要手段。
和平队计划不仅是20世纪60年代美国与第三世界发展新型关系的标志,更是与苏联争夺广阔的“中间地带”的、具有长远战略眼光的措施。
根据肯尼迪的设想,美国应采取的重大举措之一就是向第三世界国家派遣技术人员、教师、医生、护士为主的和平队。
当时的国际环境,以及美国决策者的冷战思维,使得美国对外政策的任何重大措施都包含有冷战的考虑,派遣和平队也不例外。
——摘编自刘国柱《和平队与肯尼迪政府的冷战战略》1.根据材料并结合所学知识,说明肯尼迪政府实施和平队计划的原因。
2.根据材料并结合所学知识,指出肯尼迪政府实施和平队计划的影响。
17、【选修4:中外历史人物评说】材料王崇伦,1927年出生于辽宁省辽阳县一个贫苦农民家庭。
1949年8月,王崇伦入鞍钢轧辊厂,成为鞍钢为数不多的年轻高级技工。
1952年,王崇伦所在车间承担为中国人民志愿军加工飞机副油箱拉杆的任务。
王崇伦设计并制造出利用刨床加工拉杆的特殊卡具,提高工效24倍。
1953年,王崇伦将加工卡动器的纪录从45分钟提高到19分钟,效率提高六七倍,同年他被评为鞍山市工业特等劳动模范。
1954年初,在王崇伦等人提议下,一场群众性的技术革新运动在全国蓬勃兴起。
1956年,王崇伦被授予全国先进生产者。
1959年初,王崇伦又组织鞍钢能工巧匠开展技术协作活动。
同年王崇伦应邀到23个企业进行技术交流,各单位纷纷盛赞王崇伦的高尚技艺和精神。
20世纪60年代初,鞍钢各轧钢厂面临停产的威胁,王崇伦承担起研制大轧辊的攻关任务。
历时一年,先后突破十几项重要技术难題,终于试制成功大型轧辊,填补了中国冶金史上的一项空白,王崇伦凭着高度的主人翁精神和精湛的技艺,为鞍钢和国家赢得了殊荣。
1.根据材料并结合所学知识,概括王崇伦成为“劳动模范”的时代背景。
2.根据材料,归纳王崇伦为代表的“劳模精神”的内涵。
答案以及解析1答案及解析:答案:B解析:由题目中的信息“克敌者,上大夫受县,下大夫受郡”可知这应为军功爵制,该制度冲击了宗法制,故排除D项,选择B项;题目中未涉及郡、县之间的关系,也未涉及当时的经济政策,故排除A、C两项。
2答案及解析:答案:B解析:联系史实可知,“桀纣之失天下也,失其民也;失其民者,失其心也”所说的就是古代的民本思想。
对于古代的民本思想,其实施的根本目的是统治者通过顺应民意,以维护、巩固和强化特定的统治秩序和社会秩序,进而能够谋求特定阶级和实现特定的政治目标,他维护社会秩序是为统治者服务的。
故本题选B项。
3答案及解析:答案:B解析:本题考查宋代的商业发展。
“灯箱广告”说明夜间可以从事商业经营,说明此时商业经营时间限制被打破,故B项正确;材料中没有体现家庭手工业,故A项错误;商业竞争不是材料体现的主要信息,故C项错误;“广泛应用广告”说法绝对,故D项错误。
4答案及解析:答案:B解析:题干大意是:一个妇人每天纺棉三两,一个月能够纺出二匹布,连卖纺织几个月,可以提供几个人的生活用度,剩余的或者换成钱来买米,或者缴纳赋税。
A. 题干信息并未就农本商末观念的变化展开论述,故A项错误;B. 结合所学知识可知,中国古代小农经济的特点是自给自足,这是其封闭性的体现,但从“换钱易粟”来看,小农经济又有对外交流、交换的成分,并非是完全封闭的,故B项正确;C. 仅仅从一个个例无法看出商品经济是否发达,故C项错误;D. 家庭手工业一直作为农业的副业而存在,仅仅从题干无法看出纺织业是农村家庭支柱产业,故D项错误。