第一讲_名词及主谓一致
高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1）专有名词 2）个体名词 3）集体名词 4）物质名词 5）抽象名词*抽象名词具体化（见附1）2、名词的数1）不可数名词 2）可数名词 3）集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4）只有复数形式的名词 5）单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1）’s所有格的构成 2）of所有格的构成 3）双重所有格*易混名词辨析（见附2）二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1）不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语：根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2）集合名词作主语3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形5）含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的：看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰：形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数：看被修饰的词 6）the+形容词作主语表一类人，用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念，用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
初中英语主谓一致讲解
主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致原则．1.单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数。
The desk is Tom’s.Some water is in the bottle.The students are playing football on the playground.2. 表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. Twenty dollars is enough.Two months has passed. Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.3. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：To see is to believe.。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.4. 主语为one of , each of等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。
如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.Each of them has an English dictionary.5.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Is everyone here today Something is wrong with him.6. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
7. 有些以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths, physics等。
No news is good news.Maths is very popular in our class8. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，The police(警方)are searching for the robbers.People here are very friendly.9. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
名词及主谓一致ppt课件
• 2. and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个 人、同一件事或同一个概念时，句子的谓 语动词用单数；此时，后一个名词前不用 冠词。此时and意为“兼”。
• Eg. The poet and writer has produced many works.
• 这位诗人兼作家创造了很多作品
.
• 3.or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but…， not only…but also等连接的名词（或代词）作 主语时，谓语动词的单复数应依据就近一致的原 则，与最邻近的主语一致。
名词及主谓一致
.
• 主谓一致： • 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语
在数上保持一致，应遵循以下三个原则：
– 语法一致：主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；主 语为复数，谓语动词用复数。
– 意义一致：主语形式为单数，意义是复数，谓 语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，意义是单数， 谓语动词用单数。
– 就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠 近他的主语。
• Eg. Either you or he is to go. • 要么你去，要么他去。 • 4. each/every +名词单数+（each/every）+
名词单数，谓语动词用单数 • Eg. Each boy and each girl has been
invited to the tea-party. • 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会。
.
• 2. 通常表示复数意义的集体名词，如people, police, cattle(牛), folk, youth等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复 数；通常用作不可数名词的集体名词，如equipment, furniture作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
《名词及主谓一致》课件
应根据复合主语的性质来确定。例如：
存在句中主语与谓语动词的搭配
6
Pizza and pasta are my favorite foods.
存在句中的主语与谓语动词的搭配也需
要遵循一致的规则。例如：There is a cat in the garden.
7
以 -s 结尾的动词
以 -s 结尾的动词通常用于第三人称单数。 例如：She runs every morning.
四、总结
名词的数与主谓一致
名词的数和主谓一致是语法中重要的概念。正确使用它们可以使语言更加准确和流畅。
学习要点总结
通过本课件的学习，我们知道了名词的数和主谓一致的规则和例外，以及如何在练习中应用 它们。
注意事项
在使用名词的数和主谓一致时，需要注意不规则名词的复数形式和复合主语的谓语动词形式。
五、参考资料
三、练习
1 名词的数练习
2 主谓一致练习
通过练习来巩固对名词数的理解。可以使用 单数或复数形式填空。例如：There are three ____ in the room.
通过练习来巩固对主谓一致的掌握。选择正 确的谓语动词形式填空。例如：She ____ (go/goes) to school every day.
1 名词的数与主谓一致相关知识点资料 2 练习答案
以下资料可供深入了解有关名词的数和主谓 一致的知识。
查看练习的答案，确保自己的理解是正确的。
六、结束语
1 感谢聆听
感谢您的时间和耐心聆听 本课件，希望您对名词的 数和主谓一致有更深入的 理解。
2 如有疑问请随时提问
如果你有任何问题，请随 时提问。我们乐于回答您 的疑问并提供帮助。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义：主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能：确保句子语法正确，意义清晰。
●主谓关系：主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系，这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“either...or...”结构中，根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时，需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时，需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时，需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时，谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题：提供一些练习题，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析：对练习题进行详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解自己的错误，并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结，强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性，并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
名词、代词及主谓一致
名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。
1）单数主语后面跟由with，along with，together with，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。
例如：The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，many a，more than one，one of等后面动词应用单数。
例如：One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。
而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用单数，例如：One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。
1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
常见的有：committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。
大学英语语法-主谓一致
• The latest statistics on crime are beyond description.
• 注:下列以ics结尾的名词仅用作单数
• classics:杰作,著作 comics:连环图画
• ethics: 伦理学
cosmetics:化妆品
• 4.以S 结尾的地理名称如山脉，海峡，瀑布，群岛等通常用 作复数
II. 集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的
主谓一致
• 1.通常用作复数的集体名词:people, police, folk, youth, cattle, poultry, militia, vermin
• His cattle were still lean. • Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of. • Many cattle are kept. 饲养了很多牲畜。 • Several hundred police were on duty.几百个警察在执勤。 • The police are searching for him. • 2. 通 常 用 作 单 数 的 集 体 名 词 :advice, baggage, equipment,
• 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。 • The crowd were running for their lives. • 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle, militia等。 • 2) 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 • The news was very exciting. • 形复意单的单词有news, works （工厂）和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，physics,
高考英语 冲刺讲义一 名词和主谓一致
③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle, staff
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
②She looked upwhen I shouted.
A.in a surprise B.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①Youthis beautiful.
②He is ayouthof twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①They have achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.
②—How about the Christmas evening party?
②He broke aglass.
主谓一致ppt课件完整版
•主谓一致基本概念•主语为单数名词时主谓一致规则•主语为复数名词时主谓一致规则•主语为并列结构时主谓一致规则目录•特殊情况下主谓一致规则•总结与练习01主谓一致基本概念定义与作用定义作用主语是句子中的主体，表示动作的执行者或状态的保持者。
谓语是句子中的动词或动词词组，描述主语的动作或状态。
主语和谓语必须在人称和数上保持一致，即单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语。
主语和谓语关系如“They are go to the park.”（错误，应为“They are going to the park.”）主谓不一致忽略主语的单复数形式忽略谓语动词的变化误用不定代词如“The students is studying hard.”（错误，应为“Thestudents are studying hard.”）如“He go to school by bus.”（错误，应为“He goes to school by bus.”）如“Each of them are given a book.”（错误，应为“Each of them is given a book.”）常见错误类型02主语为单数名词时主谓一致规则第三人称单数形式一般情况下，直接在动词后加-s，例如he works hard.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词，加-es，例如he goes to school by bus.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es，例如he studies English well.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如The milk is fresh.要点一要点二若不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形…Two glasses of water are on the table.不可数名词作主语定冠词the 后面的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式…The book is interesting.要点一要点二若定冠词the 后面的单数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，…The two boys are playing football.定冠词the+单数名词03主语为复数名词时主谓一致规则复数形式及变化规律01020304集体名词作主语通常作复数的集体名词01通常作不可数名词的集体名词02即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词03以s结尾表示复数意义单词以s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称通常作复数处理，如以s结尾的学科名称和某些国名、地名通常作单数处理，如04主语为并列结构时主谓一致规则由and连接并列主语由or/nor连接并列主语0102如果either…or…连接的两个并列主语指的是同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。
英语语法---主谓一致
第一讲主谓一致“一致”（Concord 或Agreement）是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致，主语与补语的一致，限定词与名词中心词的一致，人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致，名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主——动一致”（Subject ——verb Concord）。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组)，即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord)，意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词，动词就用单数形式。
例如：Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词就用复数；主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词用单数。
例如：The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式，而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit One名词：I. 名词的分类II.名词的复数：1.一般在词尾+s；book，pen, chair, desk,2.以s, x, sh, ch结尾+es；bus, brush，watch, box，glass，fish,class,3.以辅音字母+y结尾，将y改为i+es；family, army, baby;4.以f, fe结尾，改f, fe为v+es；knife, self，life(注意特殊变化,如：roof－roofs)5.以”o”结尾；元音+o结尾加s，辅音+o结尾加es; radio,tomoto6.特殊变化；man(men), woman(women), child(children),tooth(teeth), foot(feet), mouse(mice), sheep(sheep), deer(deer), Chinese(Chinese), Japanese(Japanese), man teacher(men teachers), woman doctor(women doctors)7.集体名词及不可数名词一般没有复数形式：people, class,family, party, government, team, group, army，news，equipment，water, tea, information, furniture, team, fruit, weather,III．名词的格：由of; ’s 构成He is a friend of my father’s friends.He is one of my father’s friends.He is a friend of mine.This book is his, not mine.IV．名词主谓一致：1.表示度量衡一般用单数200yuan _is_much.23 inch_is_ not long.2 meters _is_not long.2.就近一致，由either…or, neither…nor, not only…butalso, there is连接的并列主语，谓语动词按就近原则。
either…or：Either you or Li Fei has to go to the meeting.Either Tom or I am going to work there. neither…nor：Neither father nor mother likes this weather.Neither America nor England agrees to the plan.Neither you nor your brother is old enough to go toschool.not only…but (also)：Not only you but also I am a student.Not only you but also Tom knows the answer. there is：There is a knife and 3 pencils on the desk.3. 就远一致，即谓语动词与离他远的名词保持一致。
这样的连接词主要有：together with…, with, except, besides, including, as well as, like, but.as well as：He is a scientist as well as a poet.He as well as his friends goes to school.together with：He sent me a letter together with a photograph of his family.Reading many books is like talking with your best friends. Except:They were all there except me.Besides: He has some friends besides us. 他除了我们还有一些朋友。
But: Nobody but they was in the classroom. 只有他们在教室里。
Including:Seven people including the driver are playing football. 4. both …and: Both Mrs. Li and her husband have high hopes for theiryoung son.Both Mr. and Mrs. White were shocked by the news.5. 集体名词做主语the family: The family are at table. 他们一家人在吃饭。
The family is not small.这是个不小的家庭。
the class: The class are having an English Party.The class is composed of twenty girls and thirty boys. 这个班由二十个女孩和三十个男孩组成。
６．名词短语或从句作主语：Going to school is a good thing.What he gave me _is_ some books.Whether he goes or not _is_ matter.1/3 of the students come from China.Exercises:1)＿＿there any ink in the bottle ?A. HaveB. HasC. AreD. Is2)There _____ two cans of oil in the corner of the room.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is3) I still want two _____of clothing for the coming party .A. articleB. piecesC. bitsD. section4)A ______ of football players arrived at the hole last night .A. gangB. teamC. troubleD. school5)A flock of birds _____ circling the field .A. wasB. wereC. is beingD. are being6)Some _____ have been brought in from the car .A. packageB. packagesC. the packageD. the package7) The elderly ____ increasingly asserting their rights .A. is beingB. are beingC. isD. are8）I have fewer ______ this term than last year .A. homeworkB. homework assignmentC. homeworksD. homework assignments9) This is _____. She wrote her name on the first page.A. a Sher ry’s bookB. a book of SherryC. a book of Sherry’sD. Sherry’s book10) Do you know _____? He seems to know you well .A．the name of the man B. the name of the man ‘sC. the man’s the nameD. name of the man’s11)_____is the most beautiful one I ever seen .A. Bob’s brother’s carB. Bob brother’s carC. Car of Bob’s brotherD. The car of Bob’s brother12) He was able to recite ______ at the age of the three .A. fifteen poems of Li Bai’sB. fifteen poems of Li BaiC. fifteen Li Bai’s poemsD. Li Bai’s fifteen poem13)The militia ______ keeping guard yesterday evening.A. isB.areC. wasD. were14) The policeman is investigating the ______ about the traffic accident .A. passer-byB. passers-byC. passer-bysD. passers-bys 15）The books on the left are for small children whereas the books on the right are for _____.A. grown-upsB. growns-upC. grown-upD. grown ups16) His salary is low and he gets _____.A. little luxuriesB. few luxuriesC. luxuriesD. luxury17) ____ new baby is very lovely .A. S ally’s and Tom’sB. Sally and Tom’sC. Sally’s and TomD. Sally and tom18) _____ is worth a million dollars now , but he bought it for only two dollars ten years ago .A. The portrait of JohnB. The John’s portraitC. J ohn’s the portraitD. T he portrait of John’s。