新世纪研究生英语教程英语视听说第十一单元
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 A unit 11
Group Discussion
• Can you give some examples of old customs of politeness and ceremony in old China?
– Kowtow – Offer sacrifices to an ancestor – Various festivals (Tomb-sweeping Day, Lantern
• While declining societies used etiquette as a barrier between classed, prosperous countries were quite willing to allow successful people from the lower classes to move up in society. The had to learn
Assignment
1. Review Unit 11;
2. Preview Unit 12; 3. Exercises.
Phone Etiquette
• 1. Turn your cell phone off or set the ring to "silent" or "vibration" when in these locations: restaurant, airplane, theater, library, museum, church, classroom, business meeting, hospital.
• 正是这种历史性的与众不同在本世纪初引起了人 们对她的作品的关注，而这时大多数和她同时代 的男性作曲家，甚至任何时代的女性作曲家的作 品，相对来说都一直为人们所忽略。
新世纪研究生公共英语听说教材学生用书上参考答案QQ2516605455
1. Practical 2. religious 3. Sunday School 4. piano 5. a walk 6. join them 7. other people 8. go to the cinema 9. at the time 10. duty 11. gentle 12. discussion 13. penniless 14. vivid 15. greeted 16. love and warmth 17. come home 18. principles 19. applying
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LESSON Part 1 b 1 a 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. f t t f t 2 a 2 c a 3 c 3 d 4 c 4 c 5 a 5 c
TWO 6 b 1 a 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. f t t f f 7 d 2 d 8 b 3 d 9 d 4 a 10 d 5 b
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新世纪研究生公共英语教材学生用书（上）
LESSON Part 1 B 2 C a 3 D 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 B 10 A ONE
听说
MUSIC 11 D
参考答案
12 C Part D
13 C
14 B
Passage 1
Passage 2
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LESSON Part 1 a 1 b 2 a 2 d a 3 b 3 a 4 a 4 c 5 d 5 a
three 6 c 7 b 8 a 9 d 10 b
新世纪研究生英语听说(下)原文LESSON11(B)
LESSON ELEVENFamous People1. W: I can't seem to find my photo album.M: I think Mary is looking at it in the living room.Q: What is the woman' problem?2. W: Did you hear that Michelle turned down that job?M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but she wouldn't have been able to make ends meet.Q: What does the man say about Michelle?3. M: Is there a bus I can take to get to the station?W: There is, but you can't rely on it. I'll give you a ride if you can wait while I put these things away.Q: What is the woman going to do?4. M: I hate memorizing vocabulary.W: Well, it's part of learning a second language so there is nota whole lot you can do about it.Q: What does the woman tell the man?5. W: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet?M: That reminds me. I've been meaning to exchange it for a larger size.Q: What does the man imply about the shirt?6. M: Do you think you'll feel energetic enough to walk to ourstudy group session tonight?W: If there is one. I guess you haven't heard the weather report. Over a foot of snow is expected.Q: What information can you get from the conversation?7. M: Oh, I turned all of my white socks pink. I threw a redT-shirt in by accident.W: Have you tried running them through again with bleach?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?8. W: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to anotheruniversity.M: Not if I can talk him out of it and believe me, I'm trying.Q: What does die man imply?9. W: I'd like to enroll in the free seminar you advertised in thenewspaper, the one on managing your personal finances.M: OK, now the ad did say that you have to have a savings account at our bank to be eligible. Do you have onehere?Q: What does the man want to know?10. W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend? Ican't believe how the temperature is gonna dip.M: I know. That isn't my idea of what October should be like.Q: What do you know about the man?11. M: This exhibit is a total bore. I can't believe they call thisart.W: I think I've seen enough.Q: What will the woman probably do next?12.W: We should probably think about selecting someone tolead our study group, somebody really organized. Youknow?M: Then you can count me out.Q: What is the woman discussing with the man?13. W: What do you think would be a reasonable price to pay fora new computer?M: You're asking the wrong person. My brother gave me mine.Q: What conclusion can you draw from the man?14.W: That's a nice-looking jacket. It fits you perfectly. Is itsomething you bought recently?M: Thanks. No, I've had it a while. I've just been waiting for the weather to cool down.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: What's wrong with Herald today? He snapped at me forno reason.W: Don't worry. It's just the end-of-semester pressure. He'll be his old self next week.Q: What does the woman say about Herald?Part BPassage IWilliam Jefferson ClintonDuring the administration of William Jefferson Clinton, theU.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well-being than at any other time in its history. He was the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second term. He could point to the lowest unemployment rate in modern times, the lowest inflation in 30 years, the highest home ownership in the country's history, dropping crime rates in many places, and reduced welfare rolls. He proposed the first balanced budget in decades and achieved a budget surplus. As part of a plan to celebrate the millennium in 2000, Clinton called for a great national initiative to end racial discrimination. He sought legislation to upgrade education, to protect the jobs of parents who must care for sick children, to restrict handgun sales, and to strengthen environmental rules,President Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe IV on August 19,1946, in Hope, Arkansas, three months after his father died in a traffic accident. When he was four years old, his mother wed Roger Clinton. In high school, he took the family name. He excelled as a student and as a saxophone player and once considered becoming a professional musician. As a delegate to Boys Nation while in high school, he met President John Kennedy in the White House Rose Garden. The encounter led him to enter a life of public service. Clinton graduated fromGeorgetown University and in 1968 won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. He received a law degree from Yale University in 1973, and entered politics in Arkansas.Clinton was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, and won the governorship in 1978. After losing a bid for a second term, he regained the office four years later, and served until he won the 1992 presidential race. In 1998, as a result of issues surrounding personal indiscretions with a young female White House intern, Clinton was the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. He was tried in the Senate and found not guilty of the charges brought against him. He apologized to the nation for his actions and continued to have unprecedented popular approval ratings as president.I1.Which of the following is NOT true considering Clinton's contributions during his administration?2. When did Clinton take his family name?3. What did Clinton once want to he before he entered politics?4. Who influenced Clinton and led him to enter a life of public service?5. Which of the following words can best describe the speaker's attitude towards President Clinton?II1) was born, 2)1950, 3) Oxford University, 4) a law degree, 5) Yale University, 6) 1976 7) the governorship, 8) regained office, 9) the presidential race, l0) the House of Representatives.Passage IIWilliam ShakespeareMost people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote. However, not many people know much about the life of this remarkable man, except that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon. We know nothing of his school life and nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London. According to a local legend, he was apprenticed to a Stratford butcher, but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the world can be grateful that he did so. What is certain is that he set foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London. It is said that at first he was without money or friends there, that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theater. In time, as he became a familiarfigure to the actors in the theater, they stopped and spoke to him. They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.Earlier than 1592 there was no mention of Shakespeare either as actor or as playwright, and the name of the theater he worked in was not known. However, by this date he had become one of the three leading members of a company of actors called the "Lord Chamberlain's Men",From what we know of his later life, it is clear that Shakespeare's connection with the theater made him a wealthy man, since his plays attracted large audiences and he shared in the profits. Towards the end of the sixteenth century he bought a large property in Stratford. It is not certain when he went back there to live, but it was probably around 1603. He is not recorded as having acted in any play after that date, though he continued writing. No less than eleven of his plays were produced during the next ten years.Shakespeare died in 1616. Some years earlier he chose a gravestone under which he was to be buried. He had a curse engraved on this stone which threatened to bring misfortune on anyone who might remove his body from his grave.I1. What does the speaker mainly talk about?2. Why did Shakespeare leave his native place according to alegend?3.Why was Shakespeare invited to join the gentlemen's company?4. What made Shakespeare a wealthy man?5. Why did Shakespeare have a curse engraved on hisgravestone?II1.he left school, his departure for London.2. set foot on the road to fame3. one of the three leading members4. continued writing, eleven of his plays5. Shakespeare diedPassage IIIMichael JordanSports fans all over the world recognize the name of Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was born in 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. His road to fame began at the University of North Carolina. He brought an acrobatic style to the game that few hadseen before. Michael used his quickness and strength to reach the basket again and again. He became famous for his powerful slam-dunk. Basketball fans from all over the world began to take notice. One reporter wrote that when Michael went up to dunk the basketball, it looked like he could fly. He was given the nickname, "Air Jordan." In his sophomore season, Michael led his school to the national championship and was named to the All-American team.After college, Michael was drafted by the Chicago Bulls. The NBA was amazed at this high-flying scorer. Michael was named Rookie of the Year in 1988 and Most Valuable Player in 1987. He once set a record by scoring 63 points in one game. For seven straight seasons, he led the NBA in scoring. By 1990, he had become the most popular player in the game. As basketball's spokesman, he was featured on dozens of ads in magazines and on TV.One goal that Michael had not yet achieved was to be on an NBA championship team. In 1991, things finally came together for the Chicago Bulls, and they won the NBA championship. But Michael wasn't content with just one championship; he led the Bulls to three straight NBA titles! In just nine seasons, Michael Jordan accomplished more than any other player inNBA history. He achieved every goal he had set for himself and more.Part D1)very high-priced software, 2)low cost software, 3)the Microsoft dream, 4)The vast majority, 5)a uniform platform, 6)grow, 7)hardware companies,8)the PC business, 9) publishing, l0)the printing press, 11) the PC, 12)new versions of the software, 13)for software, 14) digital future, 15) take a photo, 16)planning, 17)the phone and the camera, 18)go digital, 19)music, 20) without digital。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说(下)参考答案
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书（下）答案Unit 1Part A1~5：DCCAB 6~10：AACCD 11~15：CBCADPart BPassage II1~5：DBBBAII1：there were probably 10 million people.2：it is expected to be 10 billion.3：if the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone.4：only 10 percent.5：it is how to limit population growth.Passage III1~5：CDCBAII1)10000 2)5500 3)4000 4)more than 28005)Egypt 6)460 7)less than 260Part D1)award 2)glory 3)profit 4)trust 5)dedication 6)significance 7)moment 8)anguish 9)physical 10)spirit11)conflict 12)alone 13)worth 14)room 15)heart 16)honor 17)compassion 18)curse 19)lust 20)valueUnit 2Part ADbddc cbccb ccbcaPart BPassage IAcdbdCrime analysis officerTop restaurantsAn empty chairTo take itIn pairsSome kind of disturbanceSnatching pursesNever be placedOn the coat hookIn the next stallEnough time to escapePassage IIBcacaTTFTFUnit 3Part ABddca bddbc accabPart BPassage IAbaddUtilityUtilizeAvailableThe state of art = cutting- edgedDeliver information = pass on informationFacilityFacilitate = help = make sth easierAdapt their methods to incorporate (add) this new media into their teaching Make fundamental impact onCompetitive advantagePurchaseJustify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks. Attendance recordsGradingKeep the students interested and productiveEngage sth in distance educationConference – conferencingVia = throughDesktop / laptopPassage IIAdadaA means for commercePopularityTransactionDistribute informationExpediteFunds can be diverted into marketing or advertizingCyber space knows no national boundaries.NeighborhoodTransmissionEstablish the linkssourcePrivacySecurityDestinationCredit cardTransferredFeel safeGuaranteeSafer thanPaying forUnit 5Part AAbdcc bdabc cacabSketch outPull everything together ToasterBurn toastSlicesScrape off the burnt part CreditPretty busy = very busyPart BCbcbaSteering wheelTake turns with you at the wheel Patrotic scotsman ExaggeratedOn arrivingReadily agreeWindy hilly mountainous “L och” in the neighborhoodCopious “high tea”take the place of sthBrunch: breakfast and lunchIt consists of one substantial courseLight (heavy) supperContinential breakfast – light meal which consists of bread, juice, mill and jam.Twists and turns (twist and bends)Dips and climbs (ups and downs)HazardActive and impudentA herd of long-haired cattleSavageRun paralell with the seaAlong the coastline fringed withWhich is made ragged with rocky bays and inletsFrom England to ScotlandChanges of sceneryFairly long journeyAt the WheelTravelling withGoing to see the finest sceneryOn arrivingIndeed magnificentUnited kingdom which is abbreviated as UK consists of three parts known as Britian, scotland and Wales.Part CCabcaSlope fertileRich pastureMineral rescourcesCoal seamsMining villages grew into towns around iron and steel foundries, chemical work and oil refineries. Seaside resortsEnergeticBe Ideal forChoirEisteddfod = arts festivalNational costumeContribute to the gaiety of the festivalBustle withCelticPart DStateThe willImaginationFreshnessCourage over timidityDesertingWrinkle the skinEnthusiasmSoulHeartSpiritWondersWhat’s nextGame of livingBeautyInfiniteDownPessimismOptimismyoungUnit 6Part AA aadb ddbda adabcI had a hard time getting through this novel = find sth difficult Wind up going to the second show = end up doing sth(are you) sorry you decided to take itTravel agentIt’s all set.Head for a destinationAcademic calendarGrade (grade sth: V)Broad claims that were not supported enoughHas got some sort of conflicts in her scheduleconvincein the minorityhocky finalsshe would be available as backupmake do with what we’ve gotPart BCACDDCriticsCostlyEthnic groupAfrican and HispanicNon-profit institutionanalogy1.in 19262.They can take costly preparation classes3.African-Americans and Hispanics4.About thirty minutes.5.In March, 2005Passage 2BdacbFour years of attendanceLearn science intensivelyPrescribe medicineResidentLength of residency depends onGain entrance to it = enter itWork under guidance of an experience doctor (internship) TreatmentPractice medicine1.In class2.the body3.chemistry and medicines4. How to recognizeReady to useHelping sick peopleUnder the guidanceExamineAdviceEnter a medical training programUnit 7Part ACabcd ccdda cadddPart BPassage1DdcadAim at doing sth = aim to do sthDividentRevenueOutput / imputSet the priceImput-mix (optimize / maximize )CombinationRaw-materialsObjective = objectAutomatic machinery (assembly line)IngredientWeight-gainingWeight-losingsourcesManagers makeKeep production costsAutomatic machineryThe same taskInstead of buyingIts goods or servicesWithout reducing qualityPassage 2DdacbMake sth known – a means of making knownIncrease awareness and arouse interest (advertisement commercial informercial ) Inform and persuadeMass - media (medium)Reach certain section of the marketExhibition in trade fairsDirect mail advertisingStriking featureLiquorLarge-scaleShrinkingBe convinced of sthExhibitions, trade fairs, and direct mail advertising, etc.TelevisionThe growth in advertisingThe customers will pay lessWhen the market is growing, advertising helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertising may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support.Part DFrom hereSecretEnoughYour heartHate meDon’t youThese thingsMarryHurtMeansHelpDifferent“yes” or “no”BelieveHateStartedGentlemanGood enoughHow dare youUnit 8Part AA a b a aC d b a aB d b a cLinesBe in the mood forPlay-offsYou can have it for what it cost me. Pore overIndoorsArtificial lightingLose track ofForeshorteningPerspectivePart BPassage 1D a b d bPurchase n.PercentageRevenuesSet its own percentage ConsiderablyFederal governmentNeedyIncome tax is graduated Community servicesAlcoholic beverages1.small additional percentage2.buy something3.all the money earned4.owns land or a house5.purchase certain things6.inherits the wealth and propertypassage 2b a bc athe first amendment to the Constitutionrespecting = regardingestablishmentprohibit the free exercise thereofprotestants outnumberprecludegive no subsidy to any faithPart D1. October2. Candy3. customer4. toy5. superman6. eighty-four percent7. disguise8. Ordinary life9. change 10. average 11. favorite 12. 400 13. weekends 14. popularity 15. decorate 16. quarter 17. eight 18. sure thing 19. point of view 20. grow out of itUnit 10Part AD a b c aB d b b aBa b c a3.Ticket counter (box office)Turn in lost and found items8. dig into my savings9. fit it in (it indicates lunch)Stomach is rumbling10. drop out of (he is a college drop-out.)Marching band (in a parade float )My grades are really starting to slip. (academic reasons, he has great academic performance. ) 14. put the finishing touches on sthPart BPassage 1D c c c aDowry decimumDesertionWithhold consent to all the transactions that her husband madeNone being offered, she succeeded inBe obliged to do sthContextPassage 2A b c d bGovernor constituent state legislaturesUndertake (fulfill) their traditional responsilities for house making and child rearing.1.120, 7, 92.23, 2 9933.54, 50, 60Unit 11Part ACcaab cabbb accab2. turn down the jobConvenientMake ends meet4. memorize6. energeticStudy group session7. throw a red T-shirt by accidentRun the clothes through with bleach8. transfer to …Not if I can talk him out of it. (talk sb into sth)Believe me, I am trying.9. enroll in the free seminarSavings accountEligible10. dip11. exhibit is a real bore.12. someone really organizedYou can count me out.15. snap at sbIt’s just end-of-semester pressureHe will be his old self next week.Part BPassage 1B c a d aadministrationdemocraticlowest unemployment in modern times.The lowest inflation in 30 yearsHighest home ownership in the country’s historyDropping crime ratesReduced welfare rollsBalanced budgetAchieve a budget surplusMillenniumCall for a great national initiative to end racial discriminationSought (seek) legislationTo upgrade educationTo protect the jobs of certain parentsTo restrict handgun salesTo strengthen environmental rulesWedExcel as a student and as a saxophone playerProfessional musicianThis encounter led him to enter a life of public serviceFor personal indiscretionA young White House internImpeachThe House of RepresentativesHe was tried in the Senate (trial)Be found not guilty of the chargesHave unprecedented popular approval ratings1. was born2. 19503. Oxford University4. a law degree5. Yale University6. 19767. the governorship8. regained office9. the presidential race 10. the House of RepresentativesPassage 2C a a b d1. he left school his departure for London2. set foot on the road to fame3. one of the three leading members4. continued writing eleven of his plays5. Shakespeare diedPart D1.very high-priced software2.low cost software3.the Microsoft dream4.The vast majority5. a uniform platform6.grow up7.hardware companies8.the PC business9.publishing10.the printing press11.the PC12.new versions of the software13.for software14.digital future15.take a photo16.planning17.the phone and the camera18.go digital19.music20.without digitalUnit 12Part ACdaad caacb cadaaPart BPassage 1AdcbaTFTTFPassage 2AccbaTFTFTPart D1.enter politics2. a vision3.attractive4.our sense of shame5.appalled6.violent crime7.reestablish8. a sense of family9.African-American soldier10.Are you afraid11.with my family12.take care of13.touch me14.as a nation15.as a family16.sharing with each other17.the can-do attitude18.risk failing19.who has received so much20.our American journey Unit 14Part AAcaac ccdca bbccaPart BPassage 1Bddad1.On July 28th, 20022.Thirty3.He was the first American to win the Tour de France and won three races with a Europeanteam.4.He suffered from cancer of the reproductive organs.5.In 1999.Passage 2Bcbad1.At Wimbledon, England.2.Twenty.3.In 2000 and 20014.In a poor area of Los Angeles, California.5.In the 1950s.Part D1.in 19642.Canada3.set up4.Two European5.third time6.improve7.the other8.host9.in 192410.sport and culture11.in 200812.a great Games13.prove to be14.proud of15.awarded16.in joy tonight17.in cheers18.dream19.the 29th Olympic Games20.realized。
新世纪研究生公共英语答案英语听力答案
新世纪研究生公共英语答案英语听力答案Lesson 3Mr.smith will be replaced…1-5:11214They might be hard to read. 6-10:32142 Continue his exercise…..11-15:43144Part Bon January 1,19951-5:24131Lesson 4It is quite ole.1-5:43422The man should look into…6-10:43131She wants to exercise….11-15:41223Part BEducation during the….1-5:223441-5:TFTTTIn all schools English and…. 1-5:231241-5:TTFFTLesson 5She’ll find the reference…. 1-5:31422She didn’t catch the bus.6-10:33124The woman’s roommate…. 11-15:33141Part BYoung college teachers1-5:341241-5:FFTTTLiving in the residence…1-5:23142Lesson 6He doesn’t have time to…1-5:13442The band needs more…..6-10: 34244He has always admired….. 11-15:12134 Part B Singing,echoing and crying.1-5:212341-5:FTFTFAbout 1,000.1-5:11124Lesson 7Students with a library…..1-5:24331Pick up the package at…..6-10:32342Someone else told him fred…11-15:42343Part BThe importance of the…..1-5:123221-5:TTFTFIn Britain,everyone can….1-5:231311-5:FTTFTLesson 8They should find a better….1-5:34221New TV comedies are not….6-10:34232He was taking a shower.11-15:13241Part BSwimming.1-5:313411-5:FTTFFBecause a good career….1-5:34142Lesson 9Find out where their professor.. 1-5:23143She has trouble concentrating. 6-10:34422The man doesn’t think the …. 11-15:33343Part BIn is quite nourishing.1-5:243141-5FTTFFSandwiches and candy bars.1-5:234141-5:FTFTTLesson 11The admission of a patient.1-5:13142She didn’t require any papers…6-10:24431They aren’t ver good because…11-15:42331Part BIn the west,more people get…. 1-5:13432An angel.1-5:324311-5:TFTTFLesson 13Read the operation manual.1-5:12332The man should buy a watch in.. 6-10:42231She is away for a few days.11-15:43414Part BA visitor to the park.1-5:311241-5:FTTFTBecause they knew pandas….1-5:13142Lesson 14Long exposure to the sun.1-5:14431She’ll go to the office.6-10:42311Take later classes.11-15:43431Part BWhat Hollywood is famous for1-5:23123 In 1931. 1-5:41143。
新世纪研究生英语教程——综合英语(第四版)北京理工大学出版社unit1、2、7、8、11TestA,TestB课后答案
Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a timelimit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have becomeincreasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材B 11 13单元
B:第九单元Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1.Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop‘s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo‘s son, Fli nt, sits beside his mother‘s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —des pite his siblings‘ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo‘s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation‘s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated— even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote — or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, ―The plural of anecdote is data.‖4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers‘ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated in controlled experiments — leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evidence to the contrary, ―the tide is turning radically a nd rapidly,‖ says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear — which some scientist s define as a ―primary‖ emotion that contrasts with ―secondary‖ emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear — and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouettepasses overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings — those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. ―I can‘t even prove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,‖ says Bekoff, ―but I can deduce how they‘re feeling through body language and facial e xpression.‖ As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don‘t ―filter‖ their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifi cally, ―most researchers don‘t even want to talk about animal emotions,‖ says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. ―Imagine where we‘d be in physics if we hadn‘t inferred what‘s inside the atom,‖ says Panksepp. ―Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don‘t deny that it exists.‖8. The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally ―legitimize‖ res earch on animal emotions, the volume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9.One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever helda purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking, tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people. 10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in Ta nzania for four decades, says that chimps ―chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.‖ In Colorado, B ekoff once watched an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby — leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there‘s no question that it‘s also fun. ―Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,‖ he says11. Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing theirpups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for li fe, loses its partner, the bird‘s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve after his mother died, maintains that the animal ―died of grief.‖12.Elep hants may be nature‘s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal‘s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals‘ behavior toward their dead ―leaves me with little doubt that they exp erience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.‖13.But there‘s ―hard‖ scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex, regions that have been conserved across many species throughout evolution.14.The most important emotional site identified so far is the amygdala, an almond-shape structure in the center of the brain. Working with rats, neuroscientists have discovered that stimulating a certain part of the amygdala induces a state of intense fear. Rats with damaged amygdalas, on the other hand, do not show normal behavioral responses to danger (such as freezing or running) or the physiological changes associated with fear — higher heart rate and blood pressure, for example. 15.In humans, brain-imaging studies show that when people experience fear, their amygdalas, too, are activated. And just like the rats, people whose amygdalas are damaged by accident or disease seem unable to be afraid when the situation warrants it. In humans and rats, at least, amygdalas are ―basically wired the same way,‖ says New York University neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux, whose lab conducted much of the rat research. He adds that beyond fear, ―the evidence is less clear, but the amygdala is implicated in other emotions as well.‖16.The case for animal emotions is also bolstered by recent studies of brain chemistry. Steven Siviy, a behavioral neuroscientist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania, has found that when rats play, their brains release copious amounts of dopamine, a neurochemical that is associated with pleasure and excitement in humans. In one experiment, Siviy placed pairs of rats in a distinctive plexiglass chamber and allowed them to play. After a week, he could put one animal alone in the chamber and, anticipating its upcoming play session, it would become ―very active, vocalizing, and pacing back and forth with excitement.‖ But when Siviy gave the same ani mal a drug that blocks dopamine, all such activity came to a halt. Neuroscientist Panksepp has found evidence that rats at play also produce opiates–chemicals that, like dopamine, are thought to be involved with pleasure in people.17.Another chemical, the hormone oxytocin, is associated with both sexual activity and maternal bonding in people. It is released, for example, when mothers are nursing their infants. Now it looks as though the same hormone affects attachment amonganimals, at least in the case of a mouselike rodent called the prairie vole. To investigate oxytocin‘s role in social bonding, University of Maryland neuroscientist C. Sue Carter targeted the vole because it is one of the few mammal species known to be monogamous. She found that females, who normally spend about a day selecting a mate from a pool of eager males, will choose one within an hour — often the first male they see — if they have first received an injection of oxytocin. V oles given a drug that blocks oxytocin, however, will not select a mate, no matter how much time they have. Carter concludes that pair bonding in voles relies at least in part on oxytocin, which produc es behavior that looks much like people who are ―falling in love.‖18.But is it love, really? Bernd Welsig, the Texas A&M University biologist who observed amorous right whales off the coast of Argentina, believes that, as a scientist, ―I should probably call this event a mere example of an ‗alternative mating strategy.‘ ― But Welsig still entertains the possibility that the cetaceans behaved the way they did because ―they were the ‗right‘ right whales for each other.‖19.Skeptics remain unconvinced. ―A whale may behave as if it‘s in love, but you can‘t prove what it‘s feeling, if anything,‖ says neuroscientist LeDoux, author of The Emotional Brain. He maintains that the question of feelings boils down to whether or not animals are conscious. And though animals ―may have snapshots of self-awareness,‖ he says, ―the movie we call consciousness is not there.‖ Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, agrees that higher primates, including apes and chimps, are the only animals that have demonstrated self-consciousness so far. Still, he be lieves that there are other creatures that ―may at least have antecedents of feelings.‖20.Or probably more, say Bekoff and his colleagues. Their most convincing argument, perhaps, comes from the theory of evolution, widely accepted by biologists of all stripes. Citing similarities in the brain anatomy and chemistry of humans and other animals, neuroscientist Siviy asks: ―If you believe in evolution by natural selection, how can you believe that feelings suddenly appeared, out of the blue, with human beings?‖ Goodall says scientists who use animals to study the human brain, then deny that animals have feelings, are ―illogical.‖21.In the end, what difference does it really make? According to many scientists, resolving the debate over animal emotions could turn out to be much more than an intellectual exercise. If animals do indeed experience a wide range of feelings, it has profound implications for how humans and animals will interact in the future. Bekoff, for one, hopes that greater understanding of what animals are feeling will spur more stringent rules on how animals should be treated, everywhere from zoos and circuses to farms and backyards.22. But if there is continuity between the emotional lives of humans and other animals, where should scientists draw the line? Michel Cabanac, a physiologist at Laval University in Quebec, believes that consciousness arose when animals began to experience physical pleasure and displeasure. In experiments with iguanas, he discovered that the animals show physiological changes that are associated with pleasure in mammals — a rise in body temperature and heart rate — whereas frogsand fish do not. He proposes that emotions evolved somewhere between the first amphibians and reptiles. Yet even enthusiasts don‘t ascribe emotions to the very bottom end of the food chain. Says Bekoff: ―We‘re not going to talk about jealous sponges and embarrassed mosquitoes.‖动物的情感劳拉·坦利非常的开心。
世纪研究生公共英语教材十一单元课文与翻译
origins of etiquette-----the convention rules of behavior and ceremonies observed in polite society-------are complex .one of them is respect for authority. From the most primitive times, subjects showed respect for their ruler by bowing ,prostrating themselves on the ground ,not speaking until spoken to, and never turning their backs to the throne . some monarchs developed rules to stress even further the respect due to them. The emperors of Byzantium expected their subjects to kiss their feet . when an ambassador from abroad was introduced , he had to touch the ground before the throne with his forehead . Meanwhile the throne itself was raised in the air so that ,on looking up , the ambassador saw the ruler far above him , haughty and remote在上流社会，行为举止、各种庆典仪式都有传统的惯例，其起因相当复杂，他们的起因之一，是要对当权者表示尊重。
在远古时期，臣民对统治者的膜拜表现在深深的鞠躬，匍匐在地，不问不能开口以及绝不能背对王位而行，有些君主为了使臣民对他们更加毕恭毕敬，又制定了许多繁文缛节，拜占庭时期的帝王们就让臣子庶民亲吻他们的双脚，当外交使节被引见的时候，他必须跪拜在王位之前，前额触地，而君主则高高在上，大使只能仰视君主，这样使君主更能居高临下，目空一切，高不可及，rules have , as a rule , made etiquette more complicated rather than simpler . The purpose is not only to make the ruler seem almost godlike ,but also to protect him from familiarity, for without some such protection his life ,lived inevitably in the public eye ,would be intolerable. The court of Louis XIV of France provided an excellent example of a very highly developed system of etiquette .Because the king and his family were considered to belong to France ,they were almost continually on show among their courtiers. They woke, prayed , washed and dressed before crowds of courtiers .Even large crowds watched them eat their meals, and access to their palace which was free to all their subjects通常情况下，专制的君主，都把礼仪变的更为复杂化，其目的不仅仅在于神化自己，而且他们想通过超凡脱俗来巩固自己的神圣地位，因为没有这种保护要想在众人瞩目之下生活将不堪承受，法国路易十四的王宫中有一套复杂、严明的礼仪，就是一个极其典型的例子，因为国王和王室被认为是属于法兰西的，因而他们无时无刻不把自己呈现在众臣之前，从起床就寝、祈祷神灵到梳洗更衣无一隐蔽，即使每日用餐也在重视之下，所有子民都可自由进入王宫。