2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解
高考英语说明文篇阅读高考真题集
1说明文篇（2019年全国IC ）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing forbiometric （生物测量）technologies —like fingerprint scans —to keep others out of private e spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device （装 置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence （节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to —regardless of whether someone gets thepassword right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible ？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard ？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B.A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.Keys:28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D说明文篇（2019年全国ID ）During the rosy years of elementary school （小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of2clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays -well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasantconsequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage （从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys （调 查研究）. “We found that the least well -liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research ，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about ？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less AggressivenessKeys:32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A3说明文篇（2019年全国IIC ）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half （53 percent ）have breakfast alone and nearly half （46 percent ）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore ，74 percent ，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone ，but together ，you know ？”Bechtel said ，looking up from her book. Bechtel ，who works in downtown West Palm Beach ，has lunch with coworkers sometimes ，but like many of us ，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today ，I just wanted some time to myself ，”she said.just two seats over ，Andrew Mazoleny ，a local videographer ，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction （交流）. “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for selfreflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a timewhen people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one ，but those days are over. Now ，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit ， whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technologyKeys:BCDA4说明文篇（2019年全国IID ）Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms （微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny bigproblem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For thepast two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution （解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework . There almost are nogrades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact （影响） on college admissions andpractical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designsC. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission ReformKEYS:ADAB5说明文篇（2018年全国ID ）We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box -set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e -readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living -room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution （解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on -demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment -friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?6A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box -set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。
历年高考英语真题分类汇编之阅读理解科技说明文(含答案)
历年高考英语真题分类汇编之阅读理解科技说明文（2023年1月浙江卷）CA machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the sys tem knows what it's talking about.”What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?A.To explain the use of a software program.B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Arguments.B. Doubts.C. Errors.D. Differences.30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?A. Create rules.B. Comprehend meaning.C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult words.31.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.（2023年1月浙江卷）DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Mackn ick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” s olar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home garde ns, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soilimprovement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.32.What do solar developers often ignore?A.The decline in the demand for solar energy.B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms.D.The most recent advances in solar technology.33.What does InSPIRE aim to do?A.Improve the productivity of local farms.B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To conserve pollinators.B. To restrict solar development.C. To diversify the economy.D. To ensure the supply of energy.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Pollinators: To Leave or to StayB. Solar Energy: Hope for the FutureC. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Solar Farms: A New Development(2022年全国乙卷）CCan a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-valueservices for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touchingthe lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.（2022年全国Ⅱ卷）DAs we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner."Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of non aerobic（无氧）exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health."We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump（泵送）a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says."The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all."Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?A. The right way of exercising.B. The causes of a heart attack.C. The difficulty of keeping fit.D. The aging process of the heart.33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?A. Diet plan.B. Professional background.C. Exercise type.D. Previous physical condition.34. What does Levine's research find?A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?A. Making use of the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.C. Conducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.（2022年北京卷）DQuantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of do llars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparin g what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend oranyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?A.His dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.eful.D.Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?（2022年浙江卷）BAll around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to natur e is often not that easy,” says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from theatmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.24. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?A. It has achieved notable success.B. It is led by a number of schools.C. It began in Europe in the 1970s.D. It will spread to the countryside.25. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?A. To promote eco-tourism.B. To improve forestry research.C. To popularise gardening.D. To get people close to nature.26. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?A. They are small in size.B. They are thickly planted.C. They are foreign species.D. They are heavily fertilised.（2021年全国Ⅱ卷）DAn Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags （标签）on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture （质地）of grass. That way，cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concems about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their valuehas risen, making them appealing targets.32.What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?A. Soil pollution.ck of workers.C.Aging machines.D. Low profitability.33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?A.Monitor the quality of grass.B.Cure the diseased cattle.C.Move cattle to another field.D.Predict weather changes.34.Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?A. He wants to help them earn a living.B.He thinks men can do the job better.C. He is inexperienced in using robots.D.He enjoys the traditional way of life.35.How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?A.Increase the value of cattle.B. Bring down the cost of labor.C.Make the job more appealing.D.Keep cattle from being stolen.（2021年全国乙卷）You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin V on Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of V on Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, V on Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” V on Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all at once.V on Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28.What are V on Wong's artworks intended for？______A.Beautifying the city he lives in.B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D.Reducing garbage on the beach.29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3？______A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.B.To explain why they are useful.C.To voice his views on modern art.D.To find a substitute for them.30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers？______A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？______A.Artists' Opinions on Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures（2020全国I卷）DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team f ound that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can besprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?（2020年全国II卷）BSome parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.。
2019年高考英语真题分项汇编-阅读理解含答案 精品
2019年高考英语真题分项汇编阅读理解一、2019年高考真题I.应用文1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【语篇解读】本文为应用文。
2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解
2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解一、阅读理解（共8题）1.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. （2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. SensitiveB. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable（3）What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climateD. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton2.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2019年北京卷高考英语阅读题真题解析
2019年北京卷高考英语阅读题真题解析在2019年高考英语试卷的阅读部分中，北京卷的题目给出了一系列有关环境保护的文章。
本文将对该卷的阅读题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这些问题。
Passage 1文章主旨：介绍了一项新型节能技术——“可穿戴空调”。
根据科学家的研究，它能够在不浪费能源的条件下提供个人化的温度控制。
该文使用了“先例引证”的写作结构，通过引用学者的意见和实验证据来证明这种新技术的可行性。
首先，作者提到了科学家对目前空调技术导致能源浪费的批评，然后引用了研究结果，证明可穿戴空调的节能优势。
通过对文中细节的解析，我们可以得出以下答案：1. According to the passage, what have scientists criticized traditional air conditioning for?（问题1：根据文章，科学家对传统空调提出了什么批评？）Scientists have criticized traditional air conditioning for wasting energy.2. What is the advantage of wearable air conditioning?（问题2：可穿戴空调的优势是什么？）The advantage of wearable air conditioning is personalized temperature control without energy waste.Passage 2文章主旨：介绍了一个名为“狼人”的游戏，该游戏由一名北大学生研发，结合了游戏和社交的元素，让人们能够在游戏中体验积极的社交互动。
该文为一篇说明文，解释了“狼人游戏”的规则和背后的设计理念。
作者用清晰而详细的语言描述了游戏的玩法、游戏角色的分配以及游戏中的社交互动。
通过阅读该文，我们可以找到以下答案：1. What is the purpose of the game "Werewolf"?（问题1：狼人游戏的目的是什么？）The purpose of the game "Werewolf" is to provide a platform for positive social interaction.2. What is the unique feature of "Werewolf"?（问题2：狼人游戏的特点是什么？）The unique feature of "Werewolf" is the combination of gaming and socializing.Passage 3文章主旨：介绍了一个名为“绿色校园计划”的环境保护项目，在该项目中，学生们主动参与到环境保护的行动中来，通过种植树木和建设校园花园等活动，改善了他们所在学校的环境。
(完整word版)2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析.doc
1科教科普类1、Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strengthof their toxicity( 毒性 ). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless andinteresting.Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large tothe tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies( 策略) they use for feeding.Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to comealong before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking forfood and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolvenew ways of catching food which couldn’ t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs andsmall birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.A spider periodically sheds( 蜕皮 ;脱落 ) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching itsfinal adult stage.Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redbackmales often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and,in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catchother annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonousones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those withoutpoison could still have a nasty bite.1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______.A.their physical characterB.their ways of getting foodC.the strength of their toxicityD.their effect on the environment1A.Spiders that chase down insects for food.B.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.C.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.D.Spiders that actively go out to look for insects as food.3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you______. ’ d betterA.kill itB.feed itC.let it beD.chase it out4.What is the passage mainly talking about?A.A brief introduction of spiders.B.The evolution process of spiders.C.Living harmoniously with spiders.D.The living and feeing habits of spiders.2、Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older.Language experts,however,will tell you that you’ re never too old to learn a new language. As youget older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language,though.Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life.They study for thousands of hours every year. Because they need to learn language to became partof their communities.Adults,on the other hand,are already part of a language community. Learninga new language means becoming part of another language community,and adults rarely get thechance to practice as much as young children do.Moreover.children leaning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives themfreedom when learning to be daring and confident Adults,however,often feel pressured to beperfect when learning a new language.This can discourage many people and make it even harderto learn a new language.When young children learn a new language,they come to see various languages as a“ normal”part of society.This mindset( 思维模式 ) helps them embrace learning a new language withoutSo if you want to learn a new language,go f or it! It’ s never too late to learn a new language. If you're older,it may take more work,but it can be done.If you're a young child,though,now is thetime to step out and learn a new language!1.By“ Language is their life” ,the author means that children.A.can't live without languageB.lead a happy life every dayC.practice a new language a lotD.are taken good care of adults2.What may make it hard for the old people to learn a new language!A.They are afraid of being laughed at.B.They usually have too many interests.C.They think making mistakes is natural.D.They always make all kinds of mistakes.3.Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning newlanguage?A.The behaviors they have.B.The learning attitudes.C.The future plans they have made.D.The materials they are using.4.According to the author,a new language.A.can never be learned by the old peopleB.can be grasped by the people easilyC.can be understood only by the old peopleD.can learned by both the old and the young3、 Kids and teens are often dismissive of praise from their parents. I am sure that parents outthere can relate to this, as we all have been told at one time or another by one or several of ourkids,“ Stop it, Mom’’. or even,“ You’ re just saying that because you are my parents and you have to say that. " I can assure you, though, that they are listening. They will probably not thank you forthis praise until they are in their twenties, but don't let that stop you from praising them duringtheir childhood and teen years. Just be careful how you praise them. A little praise may go a long way —especially if it is the right kind of praise.It appears that the way to go is to praise their efforts according to a study by Brummelman, of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and colleagues. These researchers concluded that kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics, becauseif they are praised for effort, then a poor performance is more likely to be seen as a glitch( 小故障 ), rather than a valid reflection of who they are as individuals.Let ’ s think about this together. If you are a teenager or a child of any age and are constantlytold how brilliant you are, then when you do poorly on a test or a few tests, you may feel like you have suddenly lost your status as brilliant and may now feel ashamed that you are merely averageor even dumb. If you are a girl who is constantly being told how beautiful you are, then on a day when you don’t look or feel so good, you may decide that you are unattractive. This is the problem that develops when we are praising our kids for global personality characteristics that theycan't always live up to.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is the right kind of praise?A.You are a great artist.B.You are very intelligent.C.Wow, you have a special gift for music.D.Your painting has indeed improved due to your efforts.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.All the children should be praised.B.There ’ s no need to praise kids and teens.C.Praise should be beyond children’ s expectations.D.Teens often pay no attention to their parents’ praise.3.The underlined word“ dumb” in theagraphlastparcan be replaced by _________.A.stupidB.uniqueC.curiousD.honestA.why to praise kids and teensB.how to praise kids and teensC.different ways to praise kids and teensD.the importance of praising kids4、 Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found thatreading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect onthe mind, catches the reader’ s attentionriggersandmoments of self-examination.Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read worksby William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they readpassages from Shakespeare’ s plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, andagain as they read the text rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains.When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because ofhis use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the morechallenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than thecommon ones.Scientists went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how itlit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in theclassical works. As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than that whenvolunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the righthemisphere(半球 ) of the brain, an area connected with“ autobiographical memory” , driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. Theacademics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university’ s mag resonance center, announced this week:“ Classical literature acts-boosterlikearockettothe brain,which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. Theresearch shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young andthe old.”1.The underlined word“ trigger” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“ ______”.A.depends onB.picks upC.sets offD.changes into2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature?A.It makes readers ’ brain more active than reading common texts.B.It makes readers ’ electrical activity of brain return to normal.C.It ’ s helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.D.It ’ s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.3.From the research, we can learn that ______.A.the readers prefer Shakespeare ’ s works to the other writers ’ worksB.the words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read furtherC.reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mindD.poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?A.Shakespeare plays’s deserve to be read.mon books are unpopular anymore.C.Poetry is best for developing people ’ s brain.D.Classical works help the brain develop better.5、 Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to aCalifornia District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a personholding a valid state teaching credential ( 文凭 )for the grade being ta ught ”.What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family hasgone into proceedings ( 诉讼 ) that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes asound education.“ For decades we’ ve been happily ling,homeschooandthen this comes upgiven homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for theirchild.This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private schoolindependent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, thechildren were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right tohomeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith saysif the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children inoff- site homeschooling.“ This won't-reachingbefar for homeschooling parents."That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like tokeep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith saysthe legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for thisparticular family, it should not set a precedent( 先例 ) for all.What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to DarrenA. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it iscommon for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists.“ A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend acrosse thnation.’’1.In Griffith’ s opinion, ________.A.parents don’ t have a right to homeschool their childrenB.a child must be schooled by an expert with a credentialC.homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole countryD.it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children2.The underlined word“ this” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that.A.parents happily homeschool their childrenB.parents don’ t have a right to homeschool their childrenC.a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credentialD.a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family3.Why were the particular family’ s children enrolled in public schools?A.To avoid the abuse charges against them.C.To break away from their parents.D.To cooperate with the expert’ s jobs.4.What ’ s the author’ s attitude towards whether parents have a right to homeschool their children?A.Supportive.B.Sympatric.C.Negative.D.Objective.6、Summer shouldn't mean taking a break from learning, especially reading. Studies show thatmost students experience a loss of reading skills over the summer months, but children whocontinue to read actually gain skills. So efforts should be made during the summer to helpchildren keep reading skills, practice reading and read for enjoyment.Parents should remember that children need free time in the summer to relax and enjoy thepleasures of childhood. So summer reading should be fun. Following are a few tips to makereading enjoyable for your children this summer:Read aloud together with your child every day.Make it fun by reading outdoors on the front steps, patio, at the beach or park. Also, let yourchildren read to you.Set a good example!Keep lots of reading material around the house. Turn off the TV and have each person readhis or her book, including Mom and Dad.Read the same book your child is reading and discuss it.This is the way to develop habits of the mind and build capacity(能力) for thought and insight.Let kids choose what they want to read, and don turn your nose’upt at popular fiction. It willonly discourage the reading habit.Subscribe, in your child’ s name, to magazines.Encourage older children to read the newspaper and current events magazines, to keep up the reading habit over the summer and develop vocabulary. Ask them what they think about whatthey ’ ve read, and listen to what they say.1.Parents must help children read during the summer because ________.A.the summer holiday is too long a time for themB.reading is a kind of relaxation for childrenC.some of the reading skills may be lost if they stop readingD.children can enjoy the pleasure of childhood2.What does the underlined phrase "turn your nose up at” probably mean?A.Get interested in.B.Show one ’ s dislike for.C.Think highly of.D.Lose interest in.3.In oder to build children's capacity for thought and insight, parents should ______.A.subscribe to magazines in the child’ s nameB.read the same book the child is reading and discuss itC.let children choose what they want to readD.turn off the TV4.What does the passage mainly tell about?A.Some summer reading tips for parents.B.Some useful advice on reading for children.C.What kinds of books to read in summer.D.How to teach children to read.7、 Have you got the information taught by your teacher in class? Have you understood what you saw on the screen? Maybe everyone has their own learning style.Generally speaking, we gather information with our minds and bodies in different ways, such as seeing, hearing and doing. Then our brains deals with that information, organizing it and connecting it to things we are already aware of. In other words, our brains will deal with the information in different ways. Sometimes we think in pictures or words. Sometimes we remember details or the big pictures.For different people, their learning styles are different too. One person may find it hard to make out the information in written forms but easy to know it immediately in an oral description. However, another person might find difficulties with the picture but the written message.Now scientists say there exist seven basic learning styles.·Linguistic: These people learn through listening, reading, speaking and writing.·Logical: These people learn with formula (公式) and principles (原理).·Visual: These people learn by seeing what they are studying.·Musical: These people learn well when information is presented through music.·Kinesthetic: These people learn from movement and physical activities.·Intrapersonal: These people learn best by linking new information directly with their own experiences.·Interpersonal: These people learn well by working with others.Therefore, if you know what learning style is your strength, you can balance your weakness, and get a more successful learning experience.1.From the passage, we know that our brains ______.A.deal with the information in different waysB.send out the information in the same wayanize information with our bodiesD.gather information in the same way2.A visual learner usually learns _____.A.through listening and speakingB.by seeing what he is learningC.from movement and physical activitiesD.by linking new information with his experience3.A musical learner will find it easy to learn ______.A.with formulas and principlesB.by working with othersC.through reading and writingD.through music he hearsA.learn more successfullyB.gather more informationC.understand more quicklyD.exchange information better8、 In 2015 a paper published in a science magazine reported on the personality types of peopleliving in various London districts. Extroverts ( 外向的人 ), the researchers who wrote it haddiscovered, favored Richmond. Those who were most open to experience gathered in Hackney.People in Barnet scored lower than average on emotional stability.What this study did not address was whether someone’ s home range reflects their personality traits or imposes them. In other words, is what is going on“ nature培育”)? orHowever,“nurture” (in a piece of research just published, Dr. Holtmann of Otago University, in New Zealand, and hiscolleagues have filled that gap — at least, they have filled it for dunnocks.The dunnock is a European bird. It has, though, been introduced to New Zealand and itspopulation has boomed there. It is a well-studied species, and, in particular, some beingmeasurably bolder (更大胆的 ) and more tolerant of potential threats, such as nearby humanbeings, than others. The team’ s research area was the Botanic Garden in Dunedin. This is open tothe public, but some areas are more frequented by visitors than others. Dunnocks have smallterritories, so it was possible to measure the amount of human disturbance in a given territory withreasonable precision. And, by wrapping each of the dunnocks in the garden with colour-codedbands it was possible to identify individuals by sight. Altogether, the researchers looked at 99 ofthem.They worked out a bird’ s level of threat tolerance by the simple method of walking towards it,and then measuring how close one could get before the bird flew away. They did this several times foreach bird every breeding season, and repeated the process over the course of three seasons.A particular bird’ s flight distance (ie, how closely it could be approached before it departed)was, they found, consistent within a breeding season. From season to season most birds got a littlebolder— probably as they learnt more about the world and what they could safely get away with.But this increase in boldness with age was small compared with the different starting points of boldthat, on average, birds’ flight distances were inversely correlated负相关) (with the level of human disturbance in their territories. This was a consequence of disturbed territories being settledby bold birds, and undisturbed territories by shy ones.In the case of dunnocks, then, nature wins over nurture. Dr. Holtmann was able to show that personalities match circumstances, rather than being created by them. Dunnocks can recognizewhich places suit them best, and choose to settle in them shortly after they are fully fledged (羽翼丰满 ). Most likely, that is happening in London districts, too.1.What does the underlined words “ that gap ” in the second paragraph refer to?A.What the paper published in 2015 failed to handle.B.Why extroverts favour certain areas in London district.C.How Dr. Holtmann involved dunnocks in his study.D.What the former and latter study have in common.2.From Paragraph 3, we can know that dunnocks ________.A.are native to New ZealandB.have distinct personalitiesC.are bolder than human beingsD.can be easily identified by its color3.What conclusion did Dr. Holtmann draw from his study?A.It ’ s nurture rather than nature that matters in the case of dunnocks ’ behaviour.B.Birds ’ flight distances were in proportion to human disturbance in their territories.C.Dunnocks choose their habitats wisely in the first place rather than adapt to them.D.Bold birds and shy birds alike settle in undisturbed territories in the botanic garden.4.What is the author ’ s purpose in writingepassage?thA.To argue that circumstances cultivate certain personalities.B.To entertain readers with some funny facts about dunnocks.C.To present the finding of a scientific research about dunnocks.D.To confirm the assumption that personalities match circumstances.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案： 1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析： 1.细节理解题。
2019年贵州高考英语长篇阅读题及答案解析
2019年贵州高考英语长篇阅读题及答案解析2019年的贵州高考英语考试中，长篇阅读题是考生们备受关注的一部分。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2019年贵州高考英语长篇阅读题的详细解析，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这一部分的考试。
本次阅读题共有三篇文章，分别是《Saving the World’s Coral Reefs》、《The Origins of Sports》和《The Rainforest Foundation》，以下是每一篇文章的解析。
第一篇文章：Saving the World’s Coral Reefs这篇文章主要介绍了救助全球珊瑚礁的重要性以及当前面临的挑战。
文章中提到了全球变暖、污染和过度捕捞等因素对珊瑚礁造成的危害。
在解析中，我们将分析作者的观点和论据，并探讨如何解决这些问题。
此外，我们还会总结作者对于保护珊瑚礁的建议。
第二篇文章：The Origins of Sports这篇文章主要探讨了体育活动的起源和演变。
文章中涉及了古代文明如何通过各种运动活动进行娱乐和竞争。
在解析中，我们将详细解读作者对不同体育活动的描述，并分析这些活动在社会文化中的作用和意义。
此外，我们还将探讨如何在现代社会中继续传承和发展这些运动。
第三篇文章：The Rainforest Foundation这篇文章主要介绍了雨林基金会的工作和目标。
文章中提到了雨林的重要性，以及当前面临的砍伐、破坏和滥伐等问题。
在解析中，我们将分析雨林基金会的工作方法和效果，并探讨如何保护雨林资源。
此外，我们还会总结雨林基金会的倡议和呼吁，号召大家一起行动起来保护我们的地球。
通过以上的解析，我们可以更好地理解2019年贵州高考英语长篇阅读题的内容和要求。
在备考过程中，我们可以根据这些解析，在模拟考试中进行练习，提升自己的阅读理解能力和答题技巧。
总结：本文对2019年贵州高考英语长篇阅读题的三篇文章进行了解析，分别涉及了珊瑚礁保护、体育活动的起源和雨林保护等内容。
2019年高考英语真题阅读理解专题(有详细解析)
2019年高考英语真题阅读理解整理（有详细解析）（一）1.Sunday ,31 AugustWe’ve been in China for a month now. Dad, Mom, Harry and I moved to Tianjin on 25 August. We’re not very far from Beijing. Two days ago, we celebrated my 16th birthday. It was great celebrating in China;the only thing that was strange was the cake一here they’re not as sweet as the ones in New York. On Monday school starts—I wonder what it will be like.Monday, 1 SeptemberOn my first day I was looking around for a locker to put my books in. However,here all the students keep all of their books at their desks. We stay in the same classroom because apparently we don’t have to go from class to class—teachers come to us!Today we selected teacher assistants for each subject. Their duties are to collect homework, make announcements, and do other stuff for the teachers and the students. It’s kind of a big deal here! Since I am from the US, I was asked to be the English assistant. I felt so proud but quite nervous at the s ame time because I wasn’t sure what I had to do,but I accepted the job anyway. Friday ,3 OctoberBoy, what a week! Now we have nine classes every day, including the morning class, a combination of our American schools “ Homeroom ” and “ Study Hall ”. I think Chinese students work too much! I have to do my 、homework when I get back home. I don’t even have time to watch TV or surf the Internet like before. I sometimes miss New York and my school because we didn’t have to study so much. We had more time to hang out with our classmates and neighbors; here, besides their usual classes, students are involved in weekend classes in subjects such as English, Chinese and math.I get a lot of attention, being from another country. Everyone wants to practice English with me!A really cute girl even asked me for my phone number on my second day and sent me a text message! I’m making a lot more friends now. I just need a lot of help to improve my Chinese. Some students want to do a language exchange program with me. Nice!1.The passage mentions all the following points EXCEPT _______ .A.physics studyB.food flavourC.free time activitiesnguage exchange programs2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the teacher assistant’s duty?A.Collecting homework.B.Making announcements.C.Helping teachers with small errands (差事).D.Teaching classmates.3.Where is this passage most probably from?A.A storybook.B.A guide book.C.A diary.D.A magazine.4.The passage is best described by _______ .A.culture shockB.multi-cultureC.unique cultureD.cultural background2. Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up ahill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take justone picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably___________.A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past3.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo s o alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman's existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ____________.A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _____________.A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship3. Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location (位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because offinancial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.4. Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.1.Which of these sentences best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph 1?A.To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B.Intelligence is developed by the environment.C.Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.D.Some people are born clever and others born stupid.2.It is suggested in this passage that_______.A.the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceB.unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceC.close relation usually have similar intelligenceD.people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence3.The phrase “at random”(Line3, para.2) means _______ .A.purposelyB.frequentlyC.independentlyD.aimlessly4.The best title for this article would be_______.A.On IntelligenceB.What Dose Intelligence Mean ?C.We Are Born with IntelligenceD.Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence5. In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the na mes of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ s tyle of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.6. Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll h ave no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walkedahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a mome nt to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _____________.A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to others' feelingsC.likely to develop unpleasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teacher's advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.A.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new things and ideasD.try our best to protect nature7. Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. "Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” Drink Good Wet Root Beer.” Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!"The beginning of the ride is comfortable and so mewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless (鲁莽的) or daring, the ride can be as thrilling (惊心动魄的) as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.The end of the ride is somew hat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with yourhands on the armrests even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit.1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?A.Advertisements on the billboards.B.Films on television.C.Buses on the road.D.Gas stations.2.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.B.To persuade you to take a long bus trip.C.To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.D.To describe the billboards along the road.3.The writer of this passage would probably favor .A.bus drivers who aren’t recklessB.driving aloneC.a television set on the busD.no billboards along the road4.The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because .A.the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are funB.they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in betweenC.the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on busesD.both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.5.The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are.fortableB.excitingC.tiringD.boring（二）1. A year ago, a couple with three children moved into the apartment next door to me. I never heard any noise from the children, but the parents were always yelling at them.We often met and I always spoke, but the only answer I ever got was a hello from a four-year old girl. One day when I returned they were just coming back to their apartment and the little girl was holding the door in the hall open for the others. I remained in the car doing unnecessary things. The parents were telling her to hurry. I looked up and saw the little girl was still holding the door open, waiting for me.So I hurried as much as I could and thanked her. She was smiling from ear to ear.That afternoon I was at the K-Mart and I saw a white teddy bear. I thought of the little girl and said to myse lf, “I bet she would like it.” So I bought it for her.The next day there was a knock on the door and it was the little girl and her father. She was so proud of her bear and thanked me. Then I noticed her mother and the other children were there in the hall, too.Now when we meet in the hall we all speak in a friendly manner. Last night we had about 4 inches of snow. The temperature was below zero. When I opened the outside door, there was my car with all the snow removed. The man next door was the only person I knew in the whole building, so when I saw him the next day, I asked him if he was the nice person that removed the snow. He said NO. He wanted to, but his wife said she would do it.Isn’t it amazing that the small kind act of a 4-year-old girl can change so many things for the better?1.The author bought a teddy bear to _____A.show off his wealthB.express his thanksC.please his neighborD.refuse the help2.Who removed the snow on the author’s car?A.the girlB.the girl’s fatherC.the gi rl’s motherD.both the girl’s father and mother3.The passage is _____________.A.sympathetic(同情的)B.humorousC.warmD.frightening4.What does the author want to tell us through the passage?A.little children should be polite to their neighbors.B.More good things come from small acts.C.Your neighbors are not as bad as you think.D.Things can be changed as a consequence of removing snow.2. Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers(低头族).Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie(自拍照)in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.1.For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2?A.To advertise the cartoon made by students.B.To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.C.To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers.D.To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients.2.Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?A.His social skills could be affected.B.He will cause the destruction of the world.C.His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed.D.He might get separated from his friends and family.3.Which of the following may be the author’s attitude towards phubbing?A.Objective.B.Supportive.C.Optimistic.D.Opposed.4.What may the passage talk about next?A.Advice on how to use a cell phone.B.People who are addicted to phubbing.C.The possible consequences of phubbing.D.Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing.3. Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:OrnithologicalAdrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。
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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解一、阅读理解（共8题）1.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. （2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. SensitiveB. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable（3）What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climateD. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton2.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community (社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train youngvolunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website: Email: humanresources@（1）The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Afria（2）The shared goal of GDA's projects to ________.A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need （3）What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partnersB. To take in young volunteersC. To carry out programmesD. To foster cultural awareness（4）The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Afria（5）The shared goal of GDA's projects to ________.A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need3.（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选（1）If you want to take an undergounld journey, which place is the best choice?A. Pole's Caven.B. Pavilion Gardens.C. Buxton Museum.D. Green Man Gallery.（2）Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.A. rides in small trainsB. courses in modcm artsC. artistic and cultural activitiesD. basic courses in horse riding4.（2019•天津）阅读理解How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of otherspecies---including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A. The living habits of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A. By getting illegal practices under control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.5.（2019•天津）阅读理解History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun！This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories:PerformanceDocumentary（纪实作品）Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.Documentary: A visual presentation（such as a video, slide show, or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2, 000 to 2, 500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script（剧本）, or documentary highlights.February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7:00A. M-9:00A. M Participants signing in at the gym10:00A. M. -6:00PM. Competition and judges' review7:00P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic（1）According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？A. To preserve national traditions.B. To prepare for a history competition.C. To better know the present and future.D. To further explore historical mysteries.（2）What is the theme of this year's competition?A. Technology advances science.B. Science interacts with technology.C. Science has made the study of history easy.D. Technology has improved the life of Americans. （3）Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are__________.A. special clothes and a screenB. a desktop computer and a CDC. a projector and special clothesD. a desktop computer and loudspeakers（4）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?A. Include more information in the essay.B. Remove the references.C. Provide a cover for the essay.D. Explain the details with illustrations.（5）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A. Preview performances and documentaries.B. Make comments on the materials.C. Improve the participant's first draft.D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.6.（2019•全国Ⅲ）阅读理解Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value ofeach combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it."This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”（1）What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them. （2）How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle. By touching a screen. C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks. （3）What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.7.（2019•全国Ⅲ）阅读理解Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.（1）Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.（2）What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.（3）Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.（4）What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.8.（2019• 全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。