政府公文翻译.
各种法律类文书、公文翻译（中-英文版）
举证通知书(English V ersion)-法律英语翻译-法律文书翻译The People’s Republic of ChinaHefei Intermediate People’s Court of Anhui ProvinceNotice to Produce EvidenceNo. XXXTo: AAAAccording to the Civil Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Severa l Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Evidences for Civil Actions, you are responsible for producing evidences to prove the facts on which your claims are based or the facts on which the claims of the other party are rebutted.1. Y ou shall, as required by the Instructions for Producing Evidences of this Court submit evidence materials to this Court within thirty (30) days after the day of the receiving this notice.2. Evidences submitted by the parties to the people’s court shall be the origina ls, or copies or replicas checked and found in conformity with the originals by the people’s court. The submitted evidence materials shall be classified and numbered one by one. It is required to briefly describe the sources, facts to be proved and contents of the evidence materials. Copies shall be provided according to the number of the parties of the opposing side.3. Where it is really difficult for you to submit evidence materials within the evidence producing term, you may apply with this Court for extension before its expiration.4. Y our failure to submit evidence materials within the evidence producing term shall be deemed as waiver of the right to produce evidences. For the evidence materials not submitted on time, the people’s court won’t arra nge cross examination during trial, unless the other party agrees to cross examination.5. Where you intend to apply for authentication, increase or variation of the claims or file a counterclaim, you shall do the same prior to the expiration of the evidence producing term.6. Where you apply for appearance of a witness to testify, you shall file an application with this Court ten (10) days before expiration of the evidence producing term.7. Where an evidence provided by you has come into being outsi de the territory of the People’s Republic of China, such evidence shall be certified by a notarial authority of the country in which such evidence has come into being and certified by an embassy or consulate of the People’s Republic of China in that country, or it is required to perform the certifying procedures prescribed by related treaties between the People’s Republic of China and that country.Where an evidence provided by you has come into being in the region of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, related certifying procedures shall be performed.Hefei Intermediate People’s Court of Anhui Province (seal)Date:举证通知书(中文版)×××人民法院举证通知书（××××）×××字第××号×××：根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》和最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》，现将有关举证事项通知如下：一、当事人应当对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依?据的事实承担举证责任。
公文翻译
卖方不负责…
10. the
The contract Sellers.
is
signed/made
b本y 合and同b由etw买ee卖n 双the方Bu签ye订rs。and
11. Party A shall pay Party B … 甲方付给乙方……
12. The case shall be submitted for arbitration if …
合同的格式结构由前言写明当事人的名称及缔约目的和原则等内容正文明确规定当事人的具体权利和义务违约赔偿争议解决适用法律等条款和最后条款包括合同的法定地址效力范围有效条件双方代表签字等
公文的文体特点及翻译
公文的文体特点 公文主要包括政府发布的各种公告、宣言、声明、规章法令、通
告、启示和各类法律文件。其文体特点主要体现在以下几方面： 1 ） 措词准确。发布公文的目的一般在于解释或阐明公文发布者的
Resume Translation
Education： From September 1990 to July 1994, majored in personnel administration at Jilin Economic Management Cadre（干部） Institute．
学历： 自1990年9月至1994年7月在吉林省经济管理干 部学院主修人事管理专业。
特别技能： 英语流利（读/写/说）。 熟悉IBM-PC（0520）微型计算机的操作。 证明人：随叫随到。
Special Skills： Fluent English （reading／writing/speaking） Experienced In operation of IBM－PC（0520） microcomputer． References：Upon request
浅析公文翻译笔译 宋友开 汪慧兰)
正式的英语书面语体，有些公文用的则是庄严文体（The
3、最好具有有关专业的必要知识
法律、军事、外交、行政及国际会议等都有一套专用的 公文习惯用语和术语，注意熟悉、积累、查询。
4、注意形式问题 原则是“客随主便”，以译文顺应原文，有助于反映原件的风貌。
汉语语体
现在 他，它；的；此，这 兹，现（副） 之（代、介、助词：影响之 到现在，到这一步 就这一点；关于这一点 深远） 至此（副） （现代汉语无对应词） 就此（介） 上面所说的，上面提到的 我们这个（组织） 谨（副）（表示谦恭之词） 稍微（比……稍微高一点） 上述（代、形） 很（很费解） 本（代：本组织） 不够（不够妥当） 略（副：略高于……） 不一定是；不一定不可以 “曾经”的否定式，现代汉 颇（副：颇为费解……） 语无对应词，相当于“过 欠（副：欠妥） 去没有发生过”
3、在从句前切断 A small unit was set up in the Association to prepare for an international conference on the problems already mentioned, which is to take place in Rome, in September 1981. 4、按意群切断
会议纪要的要素
主题 日期 时间 主持 地点 参加人员 列席人员 会议议题 会议前的准备
会议纪要翻译时的原则
功能对等（Functional equivalence）
交际目的（Communicative purpose） 准确性与语义模糊（accuracy and fuzzy semantic ）
公文写作常用语及其翻译
形成统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系 develop a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition完善生产要素价格形成机制 improve the pricing regime/mechanism for factors of production行业协会和市场中介组织 industry associations and commercial intermediaries 建立健全资源有偿使用制度和生态环境补偿机制 set up a sound system of compensation for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecological environment形成多种所有制的现代金融体系 build a modern financial system consisting of different forms of ownership逐步实现资本项目可兑换 gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts健全和严格市场准入制度 improve and strictly enforce market access rules拓展对外开放广度和深度 expand opening up in scope and depth把“引进来”和“走出去”更好结合起来 ensure better coordination in pursuing the “bring in” and “go global” strategies加快培育我国的国际知名品牌 speed up the launching of Chinese brand namesin the world market促进国际收支基本平衡 maintain a basic balance in international payments人民民主是社会主义的生命 People’s democracy is the lifeblood of socialism 基层群众自治制度 the system of community level self-governance坚持党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用 uphold the Party’s central role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating work in all sectors 过去的五年是不平凡的五年 The past five-years has been a momentous/no ordinary one.国际环境复杂多变 The international environment is complex and volatile.认真贯彻十七大精神 diligently follow the guidelines set out at the 17th Party Congress取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就 We have made major achievements that attracted the world’s attention.终结了农民种田缴税的历史 ended the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes for tilling their land起步良好 A good start was made in the efforts to…综合国力(经济)跨上新台阶 China’s overall national strength (economy) reached new heights.中国的国际地位和影响不断提高 China’s international standing and influence continue to grow.取得了有国际影响的科技成果 We have achieved a lot in scientific and technological innovation that have captured world attention公共卫生体系初步建立 The basic elements of a public health system have been put into place.依法行政，扎实推进 Progress was made in rule-of-law administration.开放(型)经济进入新阶段 China has entered a new stage in opening up its economy.我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出问题，注重增强宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性 We have worked hard to make macro-economic regulation/ macro-control more proactive, responsive and effective, with focus on resolving major problems affecting economic performance.加强农业基础地位 strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局 make progress in integrating economic and social development in urban and rural areas促进农业科技进步 promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology增强农业综合生产能力 improve overall agricultural production capacity壮大县域经济 expand county economies多渠道转移农民就业 create more jobs for rural surplus labor force提高扶贫开发水平 make poverty reduction more effective through development 改革集体林权制度 reform the system of collective forest use rights坚持农村基本经营制度 uphold the basic system for the rural economy发展适度规模经营 develop appropriately scaled operations农民专业合作组织 specialized farmers’cooperatives支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展 support the industrialization of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，落实到每个单位、每个家庭 give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and make every organization and family to act accordingly 开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用的先进适用技术 develop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources促进生态修复 promote restoration of the ecosystems优化国土开发格局 improve land development program实现基本公共服务均等化 ensure equal access to basic public services西部大开发 large-scale development of western China/China’s western development促进中部地区崛起 boost the development of the central region突破行政区划界限，形成若干带动力强、联系紧密的经济圈和经济带 Break administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will boost the development of the surrounding areas帮助资源枯竭地区实现经济转型 help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted增强综合承载能力 increase the overall carrying capacity of cities以特大城市为依托，形成辐射作用大的城市群，培育新的经济增长极 form city clusters with mega-cities as the core so that they can boost development in surrounding areas and become new poles of economic growth坚持平等保护物权 ensure equal protection of property rights深化国有企业公司制股份制改革 deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in SOEs增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力 enhance the dynamism, leverage and influence of the state sector of the economy国有资本经营预算制度 budget system for managing state capital发展多种形式的集体经济、合作经济 develop collective and cooperative economic operations in diverse forms个体、私营经济 self-employed and other private businesses/private economy 以现代产权制度为基础，发展混合所有制经济 develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights共同建设、共同享有的原则 the principle of all the people building a harmonious ...and enjoy its benefits着力解决人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题 spare no effort to solve most practical problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people 形成全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的局面 cultivate/foster an environment in which all people do their best, are content with theirlives/enjoy what they do and live together in harmony提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性 make decision-making more scientific and measures of reform better coordinated全面提高开放水平 improve the work of opening-up把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点 We need to improve...as we endeavor to balance...全面把握科学发展观的科学内涵和精神实质fully appreciate/understand the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development把全社会的发展积极性引导到科学发展上来 guide the whole society in pursuing development in a scientific way把握经济社会发展趋势和规律 follow the trend and the law of economic and social development坚持中国特色社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设的基本目标和基本政策构成的基本纲领uphold the basic program consisting of the basic objectives and policies for economic, political, cultural and social progress under socialism with Chinese characteristics区域协调互动发展机制 a mechanism for promoting balanced and interactive development among regions主体功能区 development priority zones法治政府建设 enhance law-based government administration社会主义核心价值体系深入人心 Core socialist values are winning the hearts and minds of the people.弘扬良好思想道德风尚 promote moral integrity建设生态文明 promote a conservation culture生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立 To foster public awareness of conservation culture具有更高文明素质和精神追求 Raise ethical standards and have higher/lofty aspiration对外更加开放、更加具有亲和力 be more open and friendly to the outside world 为全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会打下更加牢固的基础 Strengthen the foundation for building a well-off society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people建设创新型国家 make China an innovative nation国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要 Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development突破制约经济社会发展的关键技术 make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to China,s economic and social development支持前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究 support research in frontier technology and in technology for public welfare建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系 establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises playthe leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes引导和支持创新要素向企业集聚 guide and support the pooling of factors of innovation into enterprises科技成果产业化the application of scientific and technological achievements in production培养造就世界一流科学家和科技领军人才 train / bring up world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research使创新智慧竞相迸发、创新人才大量涌现 inspire creativity and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel推进信息化与工业化融合 promote IT-based industrialization具有国际竞争力的大企业集团 internationally competitive conglomerates稳定地走上了富裕安康的广阔道路 move steadily toward prosperity and happiness 不断探索和回答什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，建设什么样的党、怎样建设党，实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实际问题constantly seek answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验 Party,s basic theory, line, program and experience社会主义和马克思主义在中国大地上焕发出勃勃生机 Socialism and Marxism have shown vigor and vitality in China.大踏步赶上时代前进潮流 catch up with the trend of the times in big strides 符合党心民心 accord with/echo the aspirations of the Party members and the people尊重人民首创精神 respect the people,s initiative/pioneeringdrive/creativity提高全民族文明素质 to improve the educational and ethical standards of the whole nation开辟了中国特色社会主义道路 blaze a trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics open a path of...形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系 theoretical system of Chinese socialism建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家 make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally developed and harmonious modern socialist country 实践永无止境 Practice knows no bound.勇于变革、勇于创新 make bold changes and innovations不为任何风险所惧，不被任何干扰所惑 fear no risks and never be confused by any interference使中国特色社会主义道路越走越宽广 broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics让当代中国马克思主义放射更加灿烂的真理光芒 Let the truth of Marxism of contemporary China shine more brilliantly.马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现 a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development 同……一脉相承 in the same line as...立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情 fully recognize the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism粗放性增长方式 the extensive mode of growth/inefficient model of growth 改革攻坚 further reform in difficult areas统筹兼顾各方面利益 accommodate the interests of all parties农业基础薄弱的局面尚未改变 The foundation of agriculture remains weak思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性明显增强 become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局 the structure of society, the way society is organized and interests of different social groups/and the mix of social interests发达国家在经济科技上占优势的压力长期存在 Pressure caused by the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long time to come从生产力到生产关系、从经济基础到上层建筑都发生了意义深远的重大变化experience far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure 人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾Chinese society,s principal problem/challenge is the gap between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level of social production当前我国发展的阶段性特征 the salient features of the current stage of development in China妄自菲薄 belittle oneself自甘落后 be resigned to backwardness脱离实际、急于求成 unrealistic pursuit of quick results马克思主义理论研究和建设工程 the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory 思想道德建设 efforts to raise ideological and ethical standards / promote ideological and ethical progress全社会文明程度进一步提高 The educational and ethnical standards of the whole society have been raised.文化体制改革 reform of cultural administrative system精神文化生活更加丰富 enjoy a richer cultural life全民健身和竞技体育 public fitness programs and competitive sports中国特色军事变革 the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics裁减军队员额二十万任务顺利完成 The armed forces were reduced by 200,000 troops军队革命化、现代化、正规化建设 Make the armed forces/army more revolutionary, modernized and standardized全方位外交 all-directional diplomacy党的建设新的伟大工程 A great new Party-building Program党的执政能力建设 endeavors to strengthen the Party’s governing capability 理论创新和理论武装 make theoretical innovations and educate Party membersin them保持共产党员先进性教育活动 the campaign to educate Party members in preserving / to retain their vanguard nature党内民主 intra-Party democracy领导班子和干部队伍建设 strengthen the Party’s leading bodies and the ranks of Party officials to enhance capacity-building of Party’s leading bodies and Party officials党风廉政建设 build a fine Party culture and keep its organizations clean一些基层党组织软弱涣散 Some community level Party organizations are weak and lax.党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力 the creativity, cohesion and competence of the Party谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽 compose a new epic of the Chinese nation’s heroic efforts中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化Historic changes have taken place in the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.保持和发展党的先进性 preserve and enhance / maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature确保党始终走在时代前列 ensure that the Party is always in the forefront of the times艰辛探索社会主义建设规律 painstaking exploration of the law on the building of socialism社会主义基本制度 the basic system of socialism当代中国一切发展进步 every step forward, every progress确立社会主义初级阶段基本路线 formulate the basic line for the primary stage of socialism吹响走自己的路的时代号角 sound the clarion call of the times and take our own road受命于重大历史关头 take over the helm at a critical historical juncture国内外政治风波、经济风险等严峻考验 the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad引领改革开放的航船沿着正确方向破浪前进 steer the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course发扬求真务实、开拓进取精神 promote the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit全面改革的进程势不可当地展开了 The sweeping reform has unfolded with irresistible momentum.沿江(长江)沿边 areas along the Yangtze River and the national borders对外开放的大门毅然决然地打开了 With resolve and determination, China opened her door to the world.今天，一个面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的社会主义中国巍然屹立在世界东方Today, a new socialist China stands rock-firm in the East, embracing modernization, the world and the future.人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are generally leading a fairly comfortable life.。
公文翻译1
为这一点；为了这个
（现代汉语无对应词） 稍微 很 不够 不一定是，不一定可以 过去没发生过
均
都
之 就此
他；它；此 就这一点
于
在于；至于，给以； 在，对于
本 上述
我们这个 上面所说的；上面 提到的
3.
了解专业词汇、术语（jargons） 尽量了解各个行业的术语，尤其是法律条文等。
1.The
3.
程式规范化（standardization in form） 公文的目的要求行文具有稳定的、例行的公文 程式，以便使公务有条不紊地进行。合理的程 式化对公文来说是必要的。沿用规范化、标准 化的公文程式可以使办事者一看就知道什么事、 怎么办。
1.
用词生涩（jerky），句式拖沓(sluggish) 大量使用英语中没有活力的生涩词，大量的派 生词，抽象名词， 如：taxability （应纳税性）; inapprehensibility（难以领悟性）; unconstitutionality（违反宪法的性质） , misbecomeingness(不适应状态) -ant; 如：pursuant (to) 根据, cognizant（督查的）, conversant（with）精通, resultant结果;
改革开放，不利于社会稳定。
Both
drastic upturns and downtur ns in economic growth are bad for economic development, reform an d opening up, and social stability.
4.替代（substitution） 例1 机遇前所未有，挑战也前所未有，机遇大于挑战。 This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges，with the former outweighing the latter． 例2 要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道。 We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels.
公文翻译1..
改革开放，不利于社会稳定。
Both
drastic upturns and downtur ns in economic growth are bad for economic development, reform an d opening up, and social stability.
4.替代（substitution） 例1 机遇前所未有，挑战也前所未有，机遇大于挑战。 This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges，with the former outweighing the latter． 例2 要健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道。 We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels.
1.
紧缩主干：如SV, SVC, SVO,SVOiOd, SVOC等 2. 辨析词义：识别其他词语形态及其语法关系 3.区分主从：识别修饰关系、主从关系；分句 的内在关系； 4. 缕清层次：推断句子逻辑发展形式、重心； 5.调整搭配：按照汉语习惯形成主谓宾配列及 各种搭配；调整语序； 6. 润饰词语：炼词、炼句；考虑文体的适应性， 并调整汉语译句。 （刘宓庆：2013:120）
Government of U. K, declares that it will restore Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China with effect from 1 July, 1997. 联合王国政府声明： 联合王国政府于1997 年7 月1 日将香港交还给中华人民共和国。
《公共管理英语》部分课文翻译
第一章1Opening Administration to the Public政务公开得益于2001年11月16日生效的政府最近实施的邀请市民旁听政府会议的行政事务公开改革措施,安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议。
每次行政事务会议邀请10名市民参加。
邀请参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。
这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他。
他们要至少18岁，并且愿意参加会议。
旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。
Increasing Transparency增加透明度在部分城市和农村的基础上，今年的上半年，广东省已要求村及村以上的政府行政事务都要公开。
所有有关法律、规章和公民必须遵循的政府决定，只要不涉及政党和中央政府的机密，都要向公众公开。
具体内容如下：经济社会发展战略，工作目标和它们的完成情况；重大决策和政策的主动过程；财政预算和执行情况；专用基金的分配和重要物资的购买；主要基本建设计划和它们的招投标；政府投资的公共福利项目；政府审批的项目及完成情况；政府向公众承事项的完成情况；有关公民、法人、组织权益的法律实施；重大事件的处理；官员的选拔任用，公务员的录用，先进工作者的评价，员工调动的原则改革及公众关心的其他问题；政府机构的职能和官员的职责；工作内容、条件、流程和时间以及工作效果；工作原则，承担义务、对违反应承担义务的起诉方法及调查结果；除了向社会公开行政事务，广东省已经要求各政府部门公开机关内部结构，工作运转方式和管理情况，特别是官员的自律情况；部门的收入和经费开支情况，工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇，以及其它事项。
了解政府的行政行为是公民基本权力之一，政务公开是政府的应尽的职责。
公开行政信息是已经是政府管理中必不可少的部分。
同时，政务公开也是WTO的一项主要原则，被列在WTO的大部分文件中。
在中国加入WTO后，被要求在这方面做得更好。
中国的政府职能转变落后于它的经济增长。
顾建光《公共管理英语》课文翻译.解析
《公共管理英语》部分翻译(目前缺第四章、第六章、第七章翻译)第一章1Opening Administration to the Public政务公开得益于2001年11月16日生效的政府最近实施的邀请市民旁听政府会议的行政事务公开改革措施,安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议。
每次行政事务会议邀请10名市民参加。
邀请参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。
这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他。
他们要至少18岁，并且愿意参加会议。
旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。
Increasing Transparency增加透明度在部分城市和农村的基础上，今年的上半年，广东省已要求村及村以上的政府行政事务都要公开。
所有有关法律、规章和公民必须遵循的政府决定，只要不涉及政党和中央政府的机密，都要向公众公开。
具体内容如下：经济社会发展战略，工作目标和它们的完成情况；重大决策和政策的主动过程；财政预算和执行情况；专用基金的分配和重要物资的购买；主要基本建设计划和它们的招投标；政府投资的公共福利项目；政府审批的项目及完成情况；政府向公众承事项的完成情况；有关公民、法人、组织权益的法律实施；重大事件的处理；-官员的选拔任用，公务员的录用，先进工作者的评价，员工调动的原则改革及公众关心的其他问题；政府机构的职能和官员的职责；工作内容、条件、流程和时间以及工作效果；工作原则，承担义务、对违反应承担义务的起诉方法及调查结果；Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various de partments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required t o open their internal system construction, work operations and manage ment, specifically the self-discipline of officials; income and expen diture of the department; management of the human resources, distribu tion of income to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment; and other issues.除了向社会公开行政事务，广东省已经要求各政府部门公开机关内部结构，工作运转方式和管理情况，特别是官员的自律情况；部门的收入和经费开支情况，工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇，以及其它事项。
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• 翻译方法之二：在英译的过程中为译文补充主语• 要发挥人民主人翁精神，坚持依法治国这个党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家事务和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业、积极投身社会主义现代化建设，更好保障人民权益，更好保证人民当家作主。
• We should ensure that the people are the masters of the country and we should uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle by which the Party leads the people in running the country. We should mobilize and organize as many people as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as the economy and cultural programs in accordance with the law and to devote themselves to socialist modernization, and we should better protect the people's rights and interests and ensure that the people determine their own destiny.
3. 汉语公文经常将修饰语放在中心词的左边，体现出向左扩展的特点。
英语句子则是左短右长，总体表现为向右扩展。
• 人口问题是关系中华民族生存与发展，关系中国现代化建设兴衰成败，关系人口与经济、社会、资源、环境能否相互协调和持续发展的重大问题。
( 《中国的计划生育》• 译文: The population problem is an important question that touches upon the survival and development of the Chinese nation, the success or failure of China’s modernization drive as well as the coordinated and sustained development between the population on one hand, and the economy, society, resources and environment on the other．
Thank you。