高考英语语法考点归纳—介词和介词短语学案

高考英语语法考点归纳—介词和介词短语二轮复习教师寄语：高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语语法填空、改错题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。

可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。

高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，希望同学们在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。

一、介词的分类二、介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

三、常考介词（短语）的区别1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别today.in, after in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。

①We’ll be back in three da ys.②After seven the rain began to fall.③What shall we do after graduation?in the end at the end of by the end of in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。

不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。

不可单独使用。

①In the end they reached a place ofsafety.②At the end of the road stands a beautifulgarden.③They decided to have an Englishevening at the end of this week.④By the end of last month he hadfinished the novel.位置betweenamong一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。

①You are to sit between your father andme.②He is always happy among hisclassmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用between。

①Agreements were made between thedifferent countries.②The little valley lies between highmountains.③T hey don’t know the difference betweenwheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范围内；on指与什么毗邻；to指在某环境范围之外。

①Changchun is in the northeast of China.②Mongolia is on the north of China.③Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。

①There is a book on the piece of paper.②There is an interesting article in thenewspaper.③He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。

①We walked in the park.②We walked in to the park.throughacrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。

①Water flows through the pipe.②The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。

①The lamp stands in the corner of theroom.②I met with him at the street corner.③He sat on the corner of the table.除了besidesexceptbutbesides指“除了……还有，再加上”；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。

①All went out besides me.②All went out except me.③I never saw him reading anything butexcept for but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no,all, nobody, anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。

except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。

the newspaper.④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.表示的概念构成例子动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）at+名词at dinner/table在吃饭at work在工作at war交战at cards 在玩牌at work 在办公at play 在玩耍at rest在休息school在上学 at press正在排印at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief难以置信beyond control不听管教。

beyond compare无可比拟beyond description难以形容beyond expression无法表达beyond suspicion无可怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army在当兵in need of需要in action在运转in progress在进行in operation在运行中in use 开始使用in sight看得见in store贮藏着in course of construction正在兴建当中。

in (good) repair维修良好的in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。

in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有in addition加之，又，另外；in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一；in charge主管，掌管，看管in common共有，共同，公有；in conclusion最后，在结束时in control管理，掌握；in danger在危险中，垂危；in demand有需要的，吃香的；in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的；in effect实际上，生效；in fact事实上；in future今后，以后；in haste匆忙地，草率地；in order按序，井然有序，情况良好，恰当；in progress进行中；in public公开地，当众；in return作为回报；in shape处于良好状态，在外形上；in trouble在危险、受罚、的处境中；in turn依次，替换地；in use在使用着。

on+名词on business办事/出差on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班on duty值勤/日。

on guard在值勤on strike在罢工on sale出售on loan借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开on the march在行军on the air在广播on fire在燃烧。

on trial在试用on show/display/ exhibition在展出under+名词under control在控制之中under discussion在讨论underdevelopment在发展中under observation在观察中under test在被测试under construction在建设中under fire在炮火中under examination在检查/调查中under consideration在考虑中under repair在修理中under arrest被逮捕under attack受到袭击under medical treatment在治疗中under st udy在研究中其他against one’s opinion反对某人的见解2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）in the direction朝着……方向（不用to）do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）different from和……不同（不用with）with the help of在……的帮助下（不用under）steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）4. 介词的搭配形式类型“形容词+介词”型搭配的常见结构：at前的adj.：angry, clever, good, bad, surprised, excit ed, puzzled…of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy…with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient…in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich…to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, close, available,for前的adj.: sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, be hungry/ thirsty…from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe, absent…about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain, curious…“名词+介词”型搭配的常见结构：the key/ answer/ visit/ apology/ introduction/ way…towish/ desire/ hope/ prize/ respect…forpity/ mercy/ congratulation/ effect/ advice/ impression/ influence…on形容词和副词练习题：Ⅰ. 在下列句子中填入适当的介词1）. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ______ a chair. (安徽)3）. You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much. (福建)4）. I began to feel _________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)5）. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _________ the weather. (浙江)6）. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age. (北京)7）. Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. (福建)8）. Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health. (江西) 9）. Experts have been warning ______ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西) 10）. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting. (全国I)11）. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________ money these days.(全国12）. Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh themselves. (四13）. The open-air celebration has been put off because ______ the bad weather. (浙江)14）. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _________the visiting hours. (福建)15）. It’s quite__________ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)16）. —It’s a top secret. —Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me.(上海)17）. People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)18）. After the earthquake, the injured were cared ______ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西)19）. I would like a job which pays more, but ______ the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. (浙江) 20）. More and more young people are fond __________ playing tennis nowadays. (上海)21）. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京)22）. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __________ which there won’t be much work. (上海)23）. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ which New York is an example. (四川) 24）. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _________which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)25）. The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)26）. He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing University. (江苏)27）. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______which they can be controlled on purpose. (重庆)II. 语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空Fathers’ Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day [1]______children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman[2]______the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought[3] ______ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon [4]______ 1909.Having been raised [5]______ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was [6]______her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,[7] ______the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonora's father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration [8]______ Spokane, Washington [9]______the 19th of June, 1910.In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June [10]______Father's Day. 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