(完整word版)初中英语语法专项虚拟语气
初中英语语法专项学习之虚拟语气用法归纳
2024年初中英语语法专项学习之虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气的十大句型一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1.条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：句型1：If +主语+过去时，主语+ should (could, would, 或might) +动词原形(1) If I were you, I would study hard.(2) If it rained, I would not be here now.2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：句型2：If +主语+had+过去分词，主语+ should(could, would, 或might)+ have +过去分词(3) If the doctor had e last night, the boy would have been saved.(4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：句型3：If +主语+过去时/ should +动词原形/ were to+动词原形，主语+ should (could, would, 或might) +动词原形(5) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.(7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1.If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。
2.根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。
虚拟语气知识点(大全)(word)
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should（would, could, might）+动词原形”。
该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
14．If I______you, I_______go there at once.
A．am, wouldB．were, wouldC．were, willD．am, will
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会马上去那里。句子用到了虚拟语气，系动词be要用were；will要用过去式would，结合题意故选B。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
15．— I don’t know what to wear at the party.
考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。
2．The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus.
A．goB．goesC．goingD．to go
【答案】A
5．If I＿＿you . I＿＿study harder.
A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。所以用过去式were, would,故选C。
A．was; will takeB．was; would takeC．were; would take D．were; will take
(完整word版)虚拟语气(含表格)
虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反◇从句动词：过去式（be用were）◇主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反◇从句动词：had+过去分词◇主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If I had been free, I would havevisited you.与将来事实相反◇从句动词：过去式/ should+动词原形/were+不定式◇主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, wewould not go camping.特殊有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断，这种情况称为“含蓄虚拟条件句”，常见的判断词是“without,but for,but"But for his help, we would beworking now.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should, had时，if可省略，而将were,should, had等词置于句首Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to workhere.有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作所虚拟的时间不一致，这种情况称为“错综虚拟条件句”If I had worked hard at school, Iwould be an engineer, too.其它状语从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They began to talk warmly as ifthey had known each other forlong.in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / would等+动词原形Turn on the light so that we cansee it clearly.宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形He suggested that we not changeour mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.主语从句在It is necessary / important / strangethat…, It is suggested / demanded / ordered/ requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形It is strange that such a personshould be our friends.其它句型中It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’s high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier.A. will beB. would have beenC. could have beenD. would be2. If she had worked harder, she ____.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded3. — If he ____, he ____ that food.— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken4. If he ____ me his telephone number yesterday, I ____ able to ring him up now.A. told; would beB. had told; would beC. had told; would have beenD. told; am5. If I ____ you, I ____ to Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would goB. were; had goneC. were; would have goneD. am; will go6. Without electricity, human life ____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I ____ the chair.A. would not takeB. didn't takeC. hadn't takenD. wouldn't have taken8. — The experiment has failed!— I suggest that you ____ again.A. tryB. tryingC. will tryD. would try9. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ____ to your plan.A. didn't agreeB. hadn't agreedC. wouldn't agreeD. not agree10. The father insisted his daughter ____ a rich man.A. would be engaged toB. be engaged toC. should engage toD. must be engaged to11. She insisted that she ____ ill of him behind him, but he didn't believe.A. hadn't spokenB. shouldn't speakC. wouldn't speakD. not speak12. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.— Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed13. I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.A. mustn't leaveB. shouldn't have leftC. couldn't have leftD. needn't leave14. There was plenty of time. She ____.A. mustn't have hurriedB. needn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. couldn't have hurried15. I wish I ____ you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see16. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented17. He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give18. If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I ____ for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out20. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken22. You didn't let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A. drove; didn't getB. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got23. She couldn't have answered the question if she _____ a few books on world history.A. hadn't readB. hasn't readC. wouldn't readD. didn't read24. If it ____ so hard, we'd go to town.A. isn't rainingB. weren't rainingC. doesn't rainD. has rained25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he ____.A. will still workB. should still workC. would still have workedD. would still be working26. The soldier died in the hospital. He ____ if the doctor ____ on him two hours earlier.A. might be saved; operatedB. could be saved; had operatedC. could have been saved; had operatedD. had been saved; was operated27. It's time that you ____ home and I'd rather you ____ again tomorrow.A. are going; will comeB. go; are comingC. went; cameD. would go; would come28. I ____ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time.A. would buyB. had boughtC. would have boughtD. must have bought29. I went to the meeting yesterday because I ____ nothing about the discussion without attending it.A. didn't knowB. would knowC. knewD. would have known30. It was required that each student ____ enough food for the public.A. bringB. broughtC. would bringD. had brought31. He didn't come yesterday, or you ____ him.A. would seeB. were to seeC. might have seenD. had seen32. It was suggested yesterday that a meeting ____ to discuss the matter.A. will be heldB. would be heldC. should holdD. be held33. It's strange that he ____ without saying good-bye to us.A. should have gone outB. wentC. should go outD. goes out34. Nothing could have saved him even if he ____ without delay.A. would be tendedB. was tendedC. has been tendedD. had ben tended35. The manager was angry and ordered that this work ____ tomorrow.A. be finishedB. finishC. was finishedD. would finish36. He is talking so much about Britain as if he ____ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. had gone37. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set38. My suggestion was that the meeting ____ off till next week.A. to putB. be putC. should putD. would be put39. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been40. It is requested that Li Ming ____ at the class meeting on behalf of us.A. will speakB. speaksC. would speakD. speak41. — I didn't catch the first train this morning.— You ____ the first train if you ____ earlier.A. would catch; had got upB. could catch; should get upC. would have caught; had got upD. would catch; got up42. You ____ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would comeB. should have comeC. must comeD. could have come43. Without your help, we ____ this task.A. don't finishB. will not finishC. didn't finishD. would not have finished44. Mr. Fang spoke slowly in order that we ____ him.A. should followB. followC. might followD. followed45. — Have you ever been to Hong Kong?— No, but I wish I ____.A. haveB. willC. doD. had46. What should we do if it ____ tomorrow?A. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow47. He ____ the test, but he wasn't careful enough.A. could have passedB. were able to passC. must have passedD. might be able to pass48. If there ____ not the Communist Party, we ____ a happy life.A. were; couldn't liveB. are; can't liveC. is; can't liveD. was; wouldn't live49. But for the leadership of out Party and Government, we ____ these splendid results.A. have achievedB. couldn't have achievedC. could have achievedD. would achieve50. — It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.— He would be still alive today if he ____ that drug.A. not takeB. shouldn't have takenC. didn't takeD. hadn't taken。
(word完整版)虚拟语气表格归纳,推荐文档
去if：Were she younger,she,would do it.
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
在“It is (was)+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。
3．表示与将来事实相反
注意：1.在as if/as though句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.
2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思
表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
2.也可以用陈述语气。
例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型
例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.
(完整word版)虚拟语气练习题(含答案)
虚拟语气练习题精选强化训练：虚拟语气1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be2.___ m ore careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3.If he __ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4.If you asked your father you permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5.___ t oday, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6._____ I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will beD. Were7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by thetime they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostA. must have beenB. would have beenC. might loseD. ought to have lost8.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.C. wereD. would be9. If you ___ Jerry Brown until recently, you ’ d think the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn ’ t contactB. didn ’ t contactC. weren ’ t to contactD. hadn ’ t contacted10. _____ h e English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for11. L ook at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your adviceA. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed13. I f the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won14. T here is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having beenit ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzed17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I 16. Jean Wagnerfully occupiedthe whole of last week.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was18.I apologize if I _you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended19.I f you hadn ’ t taken such a long time to get dress_e_d_, _w_e_there by now.’dA. beB. beenC. isD. have been20.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun round the earth.A. were circlingB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling21.I wish that I _ w ith you last night.A. wentB. had goneC. could goD. could have gone22.I wish I ___ w ith her now.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were23.I wish that I __ t he concert last night.A. couldB. have attendedC. had attendedD. attended24.The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I t o it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone25.“ I wish y_o_u me to put these things away, ” he said.A. will helpB. helpC. are helpingD. would help26.If the Watergate Incident _ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.did not occurB.had not occurredC. was not occurringD. be circling27.I hadn ’ t expected James to apologt iIzheabdu hoped .A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me29.The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.A.write a composition on theirB.to write composition about theC.wrote some compositions of his or herD.had written any compositions for his30.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been31.As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.A. had beenB. has beenC. wereD. was32.Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been33.John is so strongly built that he looks as if he a s elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. liftedD. could lift34.He described the town as if he i t himself.A. had seenB. has seenC. sawD. sees35.At that thought he shook himself, as though he f rom an evil dream.A. wokeB. wakesC. would wakeD. had woke36.Most insurance agents would rather you a nything about collecting claims untilthey investigate the situation.A. doB. don ’tC. didn ’tD. didn ’ t do37.Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.A. hadn ’tB. didn ’ t have hadC. hadn ’ t hadD. hadn ’ t have38.It is important that the TOEFL office your registration.A. will confirmB. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm39.Without electronic computers, much of today ’ s advanced. technologyA. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achieved D . had not been achieved40.He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .A. may haveB. will haveC. would haveD. might have41.It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking42.Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicantall diplomas from elementary school to university.A. hasB. will haveC. should haveD. must have43.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he t o the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come44.I must say he reads very well, and I hsouldn ’ t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.A. had taken upB. takes upC. have taken upD. would have taken up45.If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told46.I hadn ’ t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped.A. him t call me upB. him calling me upC. that he would call me upD. that he will call me47.I had hoped that John __ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend48.I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn ’ t good enough at science.A. will becomeB. becameC. would becomeD. becomes49.I ’ d rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn ’ t doC. don ’tD. didn ’t50.I ’ d just as soon ___ rudely to her.A. that you won ’ t speBa.kyou not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn ’ t speak51.It ’ s high time they this road.A. mendB. mendedC. must have mendedD. will mend52.It ’ s about time people __ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take53. Everybody has arrived. It ’ s timethwe eclass.A. shall startB. would startC. had startedD. start54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.55. I n spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As formy letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.56. ought to have received57. couldn ’ t have receivedD. shouldn ’ t have received56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he to see his classmates off.A. cameB. would comeC. would have comeD. should be coming57. He ’ s working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century.A. have been postponed B . has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requiresthat the child psychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. wereC. beD. would be61. Tom ’ s father, as well as his mother, in New York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he stays D . asks he stay62. Your advice that ___ t ill next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited55. Mary A. has received63.The board deemed it urgent that these files r i ght away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed64.It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing65.It is appropriate that some time thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devoted to答案与详解1． A ．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
完整版)虚拟语气用法归纳
完整版)虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
语气的种类包括陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句，表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。
例如：“XXX.”，“XXX?”和“How good a teacher she is!”祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
例如：“Never be XXX!”和“Don’t et to turn off the light.”虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
例如：“If I were a bird。
I could fly in the air.”，“I wish I could pass the XXX.”和“May you succeed!”在简单句中，虚拟语气常用于情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
例如：“XXX to show me the way to the post office?”和“It would be better for you not to stay up too late.”虚拟语气还可以用于表达祝愿，常用“may+动词原形”表示。
例如：“May good luck be yours!”，“May you be happy!”和“May you do even better!”。
还可以用于表达愿望和建议。
例如：“If only XXX.”和“XXX.”如果我现在有时间，我会和他们一起去。
(陈述语气)如果我现在是你，我就会和他们一起去。
(虚拟语气)与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(be动词用had been)，主句谓语用“should (would。
could。
might)+have+过去分词”。
如：如果我昨天有时间，我就和他们一起去了。
初中英语语法重难点专项讲解之虚拟语气
初中英语语法重难点专项讲解之虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。
虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。
一、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。
谓语动词要用原形。
二、虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法（1）在状语从句中的用法1、条件句中的用法虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。
虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。
现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下；a. 表示与现在事实相反的情况①形式条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） I (we) should You (he,she , +动词原形或：they,it ) would所有人称+might(could)+动词原形②用法：If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)b. 表示与过去誓死相反的情况①形式；条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词 I (we) shouldYou (he,she , +have+过去分词或：they,it ) would所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词②用法：I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterd ay’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )c. 表示与将来事实相反的情况①形式：条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式a. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用b. If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should+动词原形c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形 I (we) should You would +动词原形或：he(she,it ) would they wouldI (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形②用法：If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示下雨的可能性极小。
虚拟语气考点解析(Word版附答案)
虚拟语气考点解析（Word版附答案）一、初中英语虚拟语气1．Luckily, he wasn’t driving fast at the time of accident; otherwise, I am sure, it _______ a more serious accident.A．would be B．were C．would have been D．had been【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：幸运的是，事故发生时他没有开快车；否则，我相信，这将是一个更严重的事故。
考查虚拟语气。
根据“wasn’t driving”是过去进行时，所以此处是对过去的虚拟，主句时态应用情态动词+have done，故选C。
2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better.A．was B．were C．were D．are【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。
考查虚拟语气。
根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。
3．– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do?– If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once.A．am B．wereC．was【答案】B【解析】试题分析: 句意：昨晚我不停地咳嗽，我应该怎么办？哪果我是你，我就会马上去看医生。
此句为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”，故选C。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
4． I________ a big house for my family if I _____ a lot of money．A．would buy, have B．would buy, hadC．will buy; had D．will buy, will have【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我有很多钱，我要给家人买个大大的房子。
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初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：答案为C。
本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。
题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。
而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。
2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come解析：答案为D。
本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。
题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。
因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。
本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。
根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。
4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier.A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be解析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
故答案为D。
5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.A.obeysB.obeyC.will obeyD.would obey解析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
6. I wish I _____ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see解析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
7. ——If he _____ , he _____ that food.——Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not takeB.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not taken解析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be解析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____.A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
10. I didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.A.would comeB.had comeC.cameD.did come解析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。
11. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn have made any progress.A.Had;not beenB.Should;not beC.Did;not beD.Not;be解析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）12. Mr Smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.A.should come toB.would have attendedC.would come toD.should have attended解析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。
根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
练习：一．用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.The boy isn’t hungry. If he ______ (be) hungry, he ______ (eat) the cake.2.He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______ (be) here yesterday, he ______ (attend) the concert.3.I couldn’t keep away after twelve. If I ______ (work) all night, I ______ (finish) it in time.4.We didn’t know her address. If we ______ (know) it, we ______ (send) a note to her.5.You’re late. If you ______ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ______ (meet) the famous woman scientist.6.He was careless. If he ______ (put) the gold watch in a safe place, he ______ (notlose) it.7.He isn’t here. If he ______ (be) here, he ______ (help) his sister learn to use the abacus.8.She _______ (be) busy now. If she _______ (be) free, she _______ (go) with you.9.The manager _______ (be) in his office now. If he ________ (be) here, everything _______ (be) settled in a minute.10.If I ________ (be) you, I _______ (not be) discouraged at all. 二．单项选择1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.A. will findB. have foundC. findD. finds2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you.A. willB. hadC. /D. would3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.A. would takeB. tookC. will takeD. takes4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country.A. will loseB. lostC. lossesD. would lose5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.A. would have toB. wouldC. will have toD. will must6. If we _______ go to the party next week, they would be very angry.A. don’t B can’t C. have to D. dinn’t7. ---Sahll I open all the windows?---Yes, please, if you _______.A. shallB. wouldC. canD. have to8. I don’t know _______, if he _______, I’ll tell you.A. if he comes, will comeB. if he will come, comesC. whether she comes, comesD. whether she will come, comes9. I wish I ______ younger.A. wereB. areC. amD. /10. Do you ever wish you ________?A. can flyB. have flownC. could flyD. would fly。