ABP B CFC 低压给水加热器系统手册第2-5章

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核电ABP低压给水加热器系统

核电ABP低压给水加热器系统

§2.2.2 ABP低压给水加热器系统一、功能ABP系统的功能是在主凝结水进入除氧器之前,利用汽轮机的抽汽加热给水,从而提高二回路热力循环效率,并使进入除氧器的主凝结水达到预定的温度。

这个功能是利用3级低压加热器来实现的。

二、组成本系统包括1级、2级、3级低加及其相应的管道、阀门、疏水装置和仪表控制等设施。

其中,1、2级低加为三列并联连结的双生式(DUPLEX TYPE)或称复合式结构(1/2A,1/2B,1/2C),它们以并联方式在三条给水管线中,每列复合式加热器通过1/3额定给水流量,其布置在3台凝汽器的喉部,分别用汽机低压缸的6级后抽汽和5级后抽汽对主凝结水进行加热;第三级低加分两列(3A/3B)并联运行,每列加热器通过为1/2额定给水流量,其抽汽来自3号低压缸的4级后抽汽。

三、系统描述该系统又可分为凝结水、抽汽、疏水和排气四部分,见图⑴低压加热器系统流程图,现分述如下:1、凝结水侧在正常运行工况,来自凝结水抽取系统(CEX)的凝结水,被分成三条并列管线,分别进入3台复合式加热器第一级的水室,经过第1、2级低压加热器的U型管加热后,从第2级低加出水室排出,汇集在母管中。

然后,再分成两条并列的管线,分别进入并列的第三级低压加热器进口水室,经第三级加热器U型管加热后,从出口水室排出,汇集成一条管线送往除氧器系统。

2、抽汽侧复合式低压加热器所用抽汽分别取自汽机3个低压缸的5、6级后抽汽(即1级低加为6级后抽汽:2级低加为5级后抽汽)。

复合式低压加热器直接安放在凝汽器喉部,大大缩短了抽汽管道长度(减少中间容积),减少汽机超速的危险性,所以复合式加热器的抽汽管道上不装逆止阀,又因该加热器正常疏水和紧急疏水不受限制,故也不必安装隔离阀。

3级低加所用抽汽取自LP3低压汽缸4级后。

3级低压加热器抽汽管上设有逆止阀和隔离阀,逆止阀尽量靠近汽轮机抽汽口,以减少中间容积,防止汽机甩负荷时蒸汽或水倒流入汽机,而导致汽机超速或损坏叶片。

低压加热器启机阶段疏水不畅的问题分析及解决措施 薛向科

低压加热器启机阶段疏水不畅的问题分析及解决措施 薛向科

低压加热器启机阶段疏水不畅的问题分析及解决措施薛向科发表时间:2018-06-01T10:26:48.237Z 来源:《电力设备》2018年第2期作者:薛向科[导读] 摘要:核电站ABP系统为常规岛低压给水加热系统,对汽轮机组的保护和机组的热力循环起着至关重要的作用。

(核工业工程研究设计有限公司北京 101300)摘要:核电站ABP系统为常规岛低压给水加热系统,对汽轮机组的保护和机组的热力循环起着至关重要的作用。

本文基于低压加热器疏水不畅问题的原因分析,通过对比改造方案,最终确定解决措施,以保证核电站ABP系统以及汽轮机组二回路热力系统的正常运行。

关键词:核电站;低压加热器水;疏水;液位1.引言常规岛低压给水加热系统(ABP)的主要功能是利用汽机低中压缸抽汽加热给水,提高机组热力循环的效率。

而ABP401/402RE两台低压加热器为ABP系统的第4级加热设备,抽汽来源于中压缸,在启机阶段ABP401/402RE壳侧因疏水不畅液位异常上涨触发警报,严重影响设备正常运行。

本文通过对ABP系统的研究,分析疏水不畅造成液位异常上涨的原因,根据系统功能和现场空间选取几种改造方案,通过方案比选最终确认增加一条疏水管线来解决低加启机阶段疏水不畅的问题,保证核电站ABP系统和汽轮机组二回路热力系统的正常运行。

2.常规岛ABP系统简介2.1常规岛ABP系统介绍为了提高汽轮机热力循环的热利用效率,降低给水吸热温差,核电站对给水进行抽汽回热加热,即汽轮机抽汽对给水加热。

CPR100电厂共采用7级加热,其中4级低压加热、2级高压加热和1级除氧器混合加热。

ABP系统主要由4级低压加热器及其疏水系统和连接管路、阀门组成。

低压加热器设备整体构造详见图1。

图1:低压加热器设备构造图2.2常规岛ABP系统流程低压加热器(ABP401/402RE)加热蒸汽来源于汽轮机中压缸抽汽,抽汽加热给水后凝结,因低压加热器有疏水冷却段,所以设有调节阀109/209VL控制低加液位,根据003/004MN液位信号将疏水排往疏水接收箱,对应的疏水无阀门控制靠重力自流。

低压加热器规程

低压加热器规程

第x篇低压加热器检修工艺规程第一章低压加热器结构概述第一节低压加热器工作原理1.1 概述本厂330MW机组共四台低压加热器,本低压加热器为卧式,双流程表面式、水室与壳体采用法兰连接。

1.2 工作原理:低压加热器的作用是利用在汽轮机内做过部分功的蒸气,抽至加热器内加热给水,提高水的温度,减少了汽轮机排往凝汽器中的蒸汽量,降低了能源损失,提高了热力系统的循环效率。

加热器的受热面一般是用黄铜管或无缝钢管构成的直管束或U形管束组成的。

被加热的水从上部进水管进入分隔开的水室一侧,再流入U形管束中,U形管在加热器的蒸气空间,吸收加热蒸气的热量,由管壁传递给管内流动的水,被加热的水经过加热器出口水室流出。

第二节高压加热器结构组成2.1结构简介主要结构是由壳体、水室、传热管、隔板、防冲板和包壳板组成,具体见图(2-I)。

其中,NO7、8两台低加为一个壳体,安装于凝汽器接颈内。

检修为抽芯式,在两加热器芯子上均装有滚轮。

本低压加热器的加热面设计成两个区段,一是凝结段,二是疏水冷却段。

第二章低压加热器主要技术规范第一节低压加热器设备参数1.1 主要参数:第三章检修周期及检修项目第一节检修周期1.1检修周期1.1.1高压加热器A级检修周期为4年。

1.1.2高压加热器C级检修周期为1年。

第二节检修项目2.1 检修项目2.1.1 A级检修标准项目2.1.1.1 水室密件的维修,更换密封垫片。

2.1.1.2 检漏及堵管。

2.1.1.3 水室检查及清理。

2.1.1.4 安全阀.水位计等附件的解体检查及另部件更换。

2.1.1.5 更换法兰螺栓及密封垫片。

2.1.1.6 水.汽侧水压试验。

2.1.2 C修标准项目2.1.2.1 清洗水位计,更换盘根或玻璃管。

2.1.2.2 各阀门检查,加盘根。

2.1.2.3 安全阀整定、校验1.2.3 特殊项目1)壳体解体检修。

2)更换新管。

第三节检修前的准备工作3.1 检修前的准备3.1.1备齐专用工具、检修用料等。

碧莱空气能热水器说明书

碧莱空气能热水器说明书

版法版权本号Array目录一、空气源热泵原理 (1)二、产品技术性能 (2)1.机组分类 (2)2.产品执行标准 (2)一一、、空空气气源源热热泵泵的的原原理理空气源热泵是采用“逆卡诺循环原理”,制冷剂在压缩机的作用下循环工作,不断地在蒸发器中蒸发而吸收空气中的热能,同时又不断地在冷凝器中冷凝释放热量,从而使流经冷凝器的冷水升温.由于整个系统只需二二、、产产品品技技术术性性能能 11..机机组组分分类类本说明书所含家用空气源热泵热水机由常压直热循环式一体机组、直热循环式分体机组。

22..产产品品执执行行标标准准 GB/T21362-2008 <<商业或工业用及类似用途的热泵热水机>> JB8654-1997<<容积式和离心式冷水(热泵)机组 安全要求>> 33..机机组组外外形形图图广东碧涞节能设备有公司保修卡用户姓名邮政编码通讯地址省市RB-30K RB-60K产品退换政策参照国家有关部委颁布的《部分商品修理更换退货责任规定》执行。

55..不不属属““三三包包””维维修修服服务务范范围围内内的的内内容容((实实行行收收费费服服务务))因用户电源电压不稳,超过热泵热水机使用电压范围或线路连接不规范,不符合国家安全用电标准造成热泵热水机损坏的。

因用户使用不当、保管不善而损坏的。

非我公司特约技术服务部安装、维修而造成损坏的。

请您要求维修人员认真填写他们携带的《维修记录表》,并在上面提出您的意见和签名确认。

33..用用户户投投诉诉如果您对我们提供的产品和服务有任何怀疑或不满,包括产品质量、安装维修技术、服务态度、收费标准等问题,请您向本公司特约技术服务部反映,他们将会对您的意见进行妥善处理。

如果上述单位仍不能解决您的问题或者您对处理的结果仍不满意,请您立即向我公司顾客技术服务部反映,我们将会迅速、妥善地解决您对服务质量的问题和不满。

我公司的免费咨询服务热线:400-8308-166。

核电ABP低压给水加热器系统

核电ABP低压给水加热器系统

核电ABP低压给水加热器系统§2.2.2 ABP低压给水加热器系统一、功能ABP系统的功能是在主凝结水进入除氧器之前,利用汽轮机的抽汽加热给水,从而提高二回路热力循环效率,并使进入除氧器的主凝结水达到预定的温度。

这个功能是利用3级低压加热器来实现的。

二、组成本系统包括1级、2级、3级低加及其相应的管道、阀门、疏水装置和仪表控制等设施。

其中,1、2级低加为三列并联连结的双生式(DUPLEX TYPE)或称复合式结构(1/2A,1/2B,1/2C),它们以并联方式在三条给水管线中,每列复合式加热器通过1/3额定给水流量,其布置在3台凝汽器的喉部,分别用汽机低压缸的6级后抽汽和5级后抽汽对主凝结水进行加热;第三级低加分两列(3A/3B)并联运行,每列加热器通过为1/2额定给水流量,其抽汽来自3号低压缸的4级后抽汽。

三、系统描述该系统又可分为凝结水、抽汽、疏水和排气四部分,见图⑴低压加热器系统流程图,现分述如下:1、凝结水侧在正常运行工况,来自凝结水抽取系统(CEX)的凝结水,被分成三条并列管线,分别进入3台复合式加热器第一级的水室,经过第1、2级低压加热器的U型管加热后,从第2级低加出水室排出,汇集在母管中。

然后,再分成两条并列的管线,分别进入并列的第三级低压加热器进口水室,经第三级加热器U型管加热后,从出口水室排出,汇集成一条管线送往除氧器系统。

2、抽汽侧复合式低压加热器所用抽汽分别取自汽机3个低压缸的5、6级后抽汽(即1级低加为6级后抽汽:2级低加为5级后抽汽)。

复合式低压加热器直接安放在凝汽器喉部,大大缩短了抽汽管道长度(减少中间容积),减少汽机超速的危险性,所以复合式加热器的抽汽管道上不装逆止阀,又因该加热器正常疏水和紧急疏水不受限制,故也不必安装隔离阀。

3级低加所用抽汽取自LP3低压汽缸4级后。

3级低压加热器抽汽管上设有逆止阀和隔离阀,逆止阀尽量靠近汽轮机抽汽口,以减少中间容积,防止汽机甩负荷时蒸汽或水倒流入汽机,而导致汽机超速或损坏叶片。

低压水泵面板控制器说明书

低压水泵面板控制器说明书

SECTION 16486PUMP PANEL CONTROLLERS – LOW VOLTAGEPART 1 GENERAL1.01 SCOPEA. The Contractor shall furnish and install the low voltage pump panel controllers as specifiedherein and as shown on the contract drawings.1.02 RELATED SECTIONSA. Section 16475 – Circuit Breakers and Fusible Switches – Low VoltageB. Section 16481 – Motor Starters – Low VoltageC. Section 16902 – Electrical Control Devices1.03 REFERENCESA. The pump panel controllers shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordancewith the latest applicable standards of NEMA, ANSI and UL.1.04 SUBMITTALS – FOR REVIEW/APPROVALA. The following information shall be submitted to the Engineer:1. Master drawing index2. Dimensioned outline drawings3. Conduit entry/exit locations4. Cable terminal sizes5. Wiring diagrams6. Nameplate schedule7. Ratings including:a. Voltageb. Horsepower and/or continuous current8. Product data sheetsB. Where applicable, the following additional information shall be submitted to the Engineer:1. Key interlock scheme drawing and sequence of operations2. Mimic bus1.05 SUBMITTALS – FOR CONSTRUCTIONA. The following information shall be submitted for record purposes:1. Final as-built drawings and information for items listed in Paragraph 1.04, and shallincorporate all changes made during the manufacturing process2. Wiring diagrams3. Seismic certification as specified1.06 QUALIFICATIONSA. The manufacturer of the assembly shall be the manufacturer of the major componentswithin the assembly.B. For the equipment specified herein, the manufacturer shall be ISO 9001 or 9002 certified.C. The manufacturer of this equipment shall have produced similar electrical equipment for aminimum period of five (5) years. When requested by the Engineer, an acceptable list ofinstallations with similar equipment shall be provided demonstrating compliance with thisrequirement.D. £Provide Seismic tested equipment as follows:1. The equipment and major components shall be suitable for and certified to meet allapplicable seismic requirements of the International Building Code (IBC) for zone 4application. Guidelines for the installation consistent with these requirements shall beprovided by the switchgear manufacturer and be based upon testing of representativeequipment. The test response spectrum shall be based upon a 5% minimum dampingfactor, IBC: a peak of 2.45g’s (3.2-11 Hz), and a ZPA of 0.98g’s applied at the base ofthe equipment. The tests shall fully envelop this response spectrum for all equipmentnatural frequencies up to at least 35 Hz.-- OR –1. The equipment and major components shall be suitable for and certified to meet allapplicable seismic requirements of the California Building Code (CBC) through zone 4application. Guidelines for the installation consistent with these requirements shall beprovided by the switchgear manufacturer and be based upon testing of representativeequipment. The test response spectrum shall be based upon a 5% minimum dampingfactor, CBC: a peak of 2.15g’s, and a ZPA of 0.86g’s applied at the base of theequipment. The tests shall fully envelop this response spectrum for all equipmentnatural frequencies up to at least 35 Hz.-- OR --1. The manufacturer may certify the equipment based on a detailed computer analysis ofthe entire assembly structure and its components. Guidelines for the installationconsistent with these requirements shall be provided by the switchgear manufacturerand be based upon testing of representative equipment. The equipment manufacturershall document the requirements necessary for proper seismic mounting of theequipment2. The following minimum mounting and installation guidelines shall be met, unlessspecifically modified by the above referenced standards.a. The Contractor shall provide equipment anchorage details, coordinated with theequipment mounting provision, prepared and stamped by a licensed civil engineerin the state. Mounting recommendations shall be provided by the manufacturerbased upon approved shake table tests used to verify the seismic design of theequipment.b. The equipment manufacturer shall certify that the equipment can withstand, that is,function following the seismic event, including both vertical and lateral requiredresponse spectra as specified in above codes.£ Note to Spec. Writer - OptionalNote to Spec. Writer – Select onec. The equipment manufacturer shall document the requirements necessary for properseismic mounting of the equipment. Seismic qualification shall be consideredachieved when the capability of the equipment, meets or exceeds the specifiedresponse spectra.1.07 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLINGA. Equipment shall be handled and stored in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.One (1) copy of these instructions shall be included with the equipment at time ofshipment.PART 2 PRODUCTS2.01 MANUFACTURERSA. Eaton / Cutler-Hammer productsB. __________C. __________The listing of specific manufacturers above does not imply acceptance of their products that do not meet the specified ratings, features and functions. Manufacturers listed above are notrelieved from meeting these specifications in their entirety. Products in compliance with thespecification and manufactured by others not named will be considered only if pre-approved by the Engineer ten (10) days prior to bid date.2.02 PUMP PANEL CONTROLLERSA. Electromechanical Controller1. Magnetic starters through NEMA Size 7 shall be equipped with double-break silver alloycontacts. The starter must have straight-through wiring. Each starter shall have one (1)normally open auxiliary contact2. Coils shall be of molded construction through NEMA Size 7. All coils to be color-codedthrough Size 5 and permanently marked with voltage, frequency and part number3. Overload relays shall be an ambient compensated bimetallic-type with interchangeableheaters, calibrated for 1.0 and 1.15 service factor motors. Electrically isolated normallyopen/normally closed contacts shall be provided on the relay. Visual trip indication shallbe standard. A test trip feature shall be provided for ease of troubleshooting and shallbe conveniently operable without removing components or the motor starter. Overloadto have (+/-) 24% adjustability, single-phase sensitivity, and isolated alarm contact, andmanual or automatic reset-- OR --3. Solid-State Overload RelayNote to Spec. Writer – Insert data in blanksNote to Spec. Writer – Select onea. Provide a solid-state overload relay for protection of the motors. The relay shall beCutler-Hammer type CEP7 or approved equal.b. The overload relay shall provide high accuracy through the use of state-of-the-artmicroelectronic packaging technology. The relay shall be suitable for applicationwith NEMA Size 1 through Size 7 motor starters.c. The overload relay shall be modular in design, be an integral part of a family ofrelays to provide a choice of levels of protection, replace existing electromechanicaloverload relays, and be listed under UL Standard 508.d. The overload relay shall have the following features:1. Be self-powered2. Class 10 or 20 fixed tripping characteristics3. Manual or automatic reset4. Phase loss protection. The relay shall trip in 2 seconds or less underphase loss condition when applied to a fully loaded motor5. Visible trip indication6. One normally open and one normally closed isolated auxiliary contact7. Test button that operates the normally closed contact8. Test trip function that trips both the normally open and one normally closedcontacts9. A current adjustment range of 3.2:1 or greater10. Ambient temperature compensated4. NEMA Size 00 through 2 starters shall be suitable for the addition of at least six (6)external auxiliary contacts of any arrangement normally open or normally closed . Size3 through 7 starters shall be suitable for the addition of up to six (6) external auxiliarycontacts of any arrangement normally open or normally closed5. Across-the-line magnetic starters for motors up to 600 hp, 600 volts shall be Cutler-Hammer Freedom Series type “ECN” enclosed-- OR --A. Vacuum Starters1. Vacuum starters shall incorporate “low-chop” interrupters and limit chop currents to lessthan 0.5 amperes. Contact material to be silver tungsten carbide2. Interrupters shall have contact wear detection indicators3. Vacuum starters shall have front removable coil and auxiliaries4. The contactor coil shall utilize rectified AC current5. Provide a “push-to-test” button for Sizes 5 and 66. Vacuum contactors shall be Cutler-Hammer Class V200 for non-reversing andClass V210 for reversing7. Overload relays shall be an ambient compensated bimetallic-type with interchangeableheaters, calibrated for 1.0 and 1.15 service factor motors. Electrically isolated normallyopen/normally closed contacts shall be provided on the relay. Visual trip indication shallbe standard. A test trip feature shall be provided for ease of troubleshooting and shallbe conveniently operable without removing components or the motor starter. Overload Note to Spec. Writer – Select oneto have (+/-) 24% adjustability, single-phase sensitivity, and isolated alarm contact andmanual or automatic reset-- OR --7. Solid-State Overload Relaya. Provide a solid-state overload relay for protection of the motors. The relay shall beCutler-Hammer type CEP7 or approved equal.b. The overload relay shall provide high accuracy through the use of state-of-the-artmicroelectronic packaging technology. The relay shall be suitable for applicationwith NEMA Size 1 through Size 7 motor starters.c. The overload relay shall be modular in design, be an integral part of a family ofrelays to provide a choice of levels of protection, be designed to directly replaceexisting electromechanical overload relays, and be listed under UL Standard 508.d. The overload relay shall have the following features:1. Be self-powered2. Class 10 or 20 fixed tripping characteristics3. Manual or automatic reset4. Phase loss protection. The relay shall trip in 2 seconds or less under phase losscondition when applied to a fully loaded motor5. Visible trip indication6. One normally open and one normally closed isolated auxiliary contact7. Test button that operates the normally closed contact8. Test trip function that trips both the normally open/normally closed contacts9. A current adjustment range of 3.2:1 or greater10. Ambient temperature compensated-- OR --A. Motor Starters – IT Design1. Provide electromechanical type motor starters with coil control and overload integratedinto a single or dual microcontroller2. The motor starter shall operate over a temperature range of -40 to 149 degrees F (-40to 65 degrees C) and shall meet or exceed the following Standards and Certifications:UL, CSA, NEMA ICS1, ICS2, ICS5, IEC 60947-4-1, CE and KEMA where applicable.Devices shall meet Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements per EMC IEC61000-43. Provide one toroidal current sensor per phase accurate to 2% providing input to analogcircuitry and software, which yields a time-current curve paralleling actual motorheating. Motor FLA shall be set via a potentiometer for 1.0 or greater Service Factorsettings4. Provide user selectable overload Trip Class of 5, 10, 20 and 30 on each OverloadRelay. To adjust factory defaults, trip class shall be manually changed using the testbutton and FLA dial5. Provide phase loss and phase current unbalance protection. If the phase unbalance ofany phase is greater than, or less than, approximately 50% of the average, the device Note to Spec. Writer – Select onetrips. This feature is user enabled/disabled and manually changed using the Testbutton and FLA dial6. Provide each motor starter with a lockable cover that prevents unwanted tampering ofFLA dial settings once installed7. Provide a microcontroller with the following features:a. Monitor the nominal 24 Vdc and adjust the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)accordingly to minimize utilized power and maximize contact sealed force.b. Energizes coil at full voltage and then applies Pulse Width Modulation.c. Monitors user control inputs (i.e., permissive {stop}, forward, reverse, local reset,remote reset, test/test to trip. Control inputs shall be rated are 24 Vdc (3–5 mA) witha plug and unplug lockable control connector.d. Operates an LED indicator which displays a flash sequence for thermal capacitiesover 70%, test button depression, trip indication, class setting, phaseenablement/disablement, and microcontroller reset condition.e. Monitors 3-Phase current into a common node.f. Sweeps the current waveform to avoid synchronizing with the current waveform.g. Provides Thermal Memory (in addition, Thermal Pile, Thermal Capacity) which shallbe saved to non-volatile memory for safety purposes in the event of a power loss orremoval and restore event.h. Controls an alarm output, which is a solid-state open collector or emitter type outputat 24 Vdc 250 mA.i. Shall solve a first order differential equation for an actual motor heating model tocalculate trip points.j. Provides an “alarm only” or “alarm without trip” mode for critical must-runapplications.k. Provides built-in logic to provide either 2- or 3-wire control, eliminating the need to provide and wire auxiliary contacts to seal-in and interlock the contactor coil.l. £Starter can be easily networked with the appropriate Starter Network Adapter device communicating to a factory bus.8. Control Voltages:a. The starter voltage shall be nominal 24 Vdc from 20 to 28 Vdc.9. Motor starters shall have replaceable fixed and movable contacts, Size 1 through 510. Motor starters shall have no laminations, shading coils, or magnet noise11. Accessoriesa. Motor starters shall accommodate auxiliary contacts per various maximumcombinations of single and dual auxiliaries. Maximum number of circuits shall be six(6) for Size 1 through 4 and twelve (12) for Size 5 starters. Contacts shall be ratedten (10) amperes continuous, 7200 VA make, 720 VA break for 120 Vac, 3600 VAmake, 360 VA break for 240 Vac, 1800 VA make, 180 VA break for 480 Vac 1440VA make, 144 VA break for 600 Vac, and 137.5 VA make and break for 125through 250 Vdc. No seal-in auxiliary contacts are required.b. Provide mechanical interlock on reversing contactors of a pivot-type mechanism toprevent closing of one contactor when the other is closed. Coil Controller energizesboth forward and reverse contactors providing one control point for wiring.£ Note to Spec. Writer – Optionalc. Provide control modules to perform the indicated input/output control functionsshown on the drawings. Module shall incorporate faceplates having membrane typepushbuttons and LED’s. All pushbutton and LED functions shall be provided withclearly written identification. Modules shall be provided with the ability to replaceconventional start, stop, hand, auto control functions, and overload reset function.Modules shall be provided with the ability to replace conventional indicating lightstatus of run, off, selector switch pushbutton position, and overload trip and circuitbreaker trip.12. Microprocessor-based motor starters shall be Cutler-Hammer IT series orapproved equal13. All printed wiring boards shall be conformal coated to provide environmental robustness14. £Motor starters shall provide Manual, Remote Reset, or Auto Reset capability2.03 ENCLOSURESA. The enclosure shall be NEMA 3R. £Provide [narrow], [standard], or [oversized] enclosure.2.04 ACCESSORIESA. Each starter shall be equipped with [HOA selector switch] [start pushbutton]. Unlessotherwise specified, the secondary shall be 120 Vac.B. Pilot devices, where specified, shall be oil-tight and mounted in the flange. Pilot lights shallbe transformer-type for extended lamp life. Pilot device nameplates shall be engravedphenolic or aluminum.C. Starters shall have [an adjustable instantaneous motor circuit protector (HMCP) type] [athermal-magnetic circuit breaker type] [a fusible type] [a non-fused type] disconnect device.D. £Where indicated on the drawings, pump panel controllers shall be suitable for ServiceEntrance use.2.05 £ALTERNATORA. An alternator shall be provided for duplexing and alternation of two pumps.PART 3 EXECUTION3.01 FACTORY TESTINGA. Standard factory tests shall be performed on the equipment provided under this section. Alltests shall be in accordance with the latest version of UL and NEMA standards.B. The manufacturer shall provide three (3) certified copies of factory test reports.£ Note to Spec. Writer – OptionalNote to Spec. Writer – Select one3.02 FIELD QUALITY CONTROLA. Provide the services of a qualified factory-trained manufacturer’s representative to assistthe Contractor in installation and startup of the equipment specified under this section. Themanufacturer’s representative shall provide technical direction and assistance to theContractor in general assembly of the equipment, connections and adjustments, andtesting of the assembly and components contained herein.B. The Contractor under the technical direction of the manufacturer’s service representativeshall perform the following minimum work.1. Inspection and final adjustments2. Operational and functional checks of controllers/starters and spare partsC. The Contractor shall provide three (3) copies of the manufacturer’s field startup report3.03 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATIONA. A qualified factory-trained manufacturer’s representative shall certify in writing that theequipment has been installed, adjusted and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’srecommendations.B. The Contractor shall provide three (3) copies of the manufacturer’s representative’scertification.3.04 TRAININGA. The Contractor shall provide a training session for up to five (5) owner’s representatives for____ normal workdays at a job site location determined by the owner.B. The training shall be conducted by a manufacturer’s qualified representative.C. The training program shall consist of the following:1. Instructions on the proper maintenance and operation of the equipment.Note to Spec. Writer – Insert data in blanks。

低加说明书

低加说明书

低压加热器安装说明书D00.20SM上海电气电站设备有限公司★★★:以下仅仅提醒安装和使用人员 (详细安装运行问题请见后面各章节)★: 保持稳定和一定高的加热器水位,不仅对机组和加热器效率、安全运行很重要,低水位运行将引起加热器内部汽水二相流,导致加热器传热管迅速泄漏、损坏。

因此要求不仅要调整加热器冷态水位,而且加热器要进行热态水位调整。

是否建立了水位,是以疏水端差来衡量。

★: 加热器不同的传热管对水质有不同的要求,水质对加热器传热管损坏影响极大。

对于碳钢推荐 PH 9.5以上对于不锈钢、碳钢系统推荐 PH9.5对于铜管推荐 PH8.8--9.0★:机组启停的温升温降率对加热器的寿命影响见2.2.1章节。

★:安全阀出口管须支撑。

★: 加热器水位功能:高一水位报警 发声光信号高二水位报警 发声光信号,危急疏水阀打开高三水位报警 发声光信号,高加解列 加热器水位值推荐:卧式低加 正常水位为零水位低一水位 -38mm高一水位 +38mm高二水位 +88mm高三水位 +138mm立式低加 正常水位零水位低一水位 -50mm高一水位 +50mm高二水位 +150mm高三水位 +250mm★: 运行人员应注意疏水调节阀开度,一旦开度变大,应注意加热器是否发生泄漏,因为不及时发现泄漏,将冲蚀周围传热管并引起更大面积的损坏。

★: 如使用非焊接性的临时堵头,不得对壳侧进行水压试验。

前 言本说明书提供给有关操作人员,在了解设备结构,熟悉操作程序,排除故障,掌握检修、保养等方面作参考,以便使操作人员使用液设备时收到最佳效果。

在应用本说明书之前,需适当考虑其他设备的要求和一些特殊情况。

说明书中不可能包括设备的所有细节,也不可能将设备在运行和维修中产生的不可预见的意外情况加以叙述和作出规定。

为了使设备长期安全可靠地运行,并达到设计规定的预期效果,正确的操作和妥善地保养极为重要,此外正确的安装和调试也很重要。

希运行操作人员能切实贯彻本说明书有关条例。

(整理)低压加热器系统

(整理)低压加热器系统

京能集团运行人员培训教程BEIH Plant Course低加系统LP Heater SYSTEMTD NO.100.X目录1.教程介绍 (4)2.相关专业理论基础知识 (5)3.系统的任务及作用 (7)3.1.1.抽汽回热系统作用 (7)3.1.2.加热器的作用 (8)3.1.3.低加的作用 (8)4.系统构成及流程 (9)4.1低加系统的构成 (9)4.2低加系统流程 (9)5.设备规范及运行参数 (11)6.设备结构及工作原理 (12)6.1低压加热器结构 (12)6.2低压加热器工作原理 (15)6.3低压加热器的管板-U形管 (16)7.控制及联锁保护 (17)7.1低加水位报警保护设置 (17)7.2五段抽汽逆止门前、五段抽汽电动门前后疏水门的联锁与保护 (17)7.3六段抽汽逆止门前、六段抽汽电动门前后疏水门的联锁与保护 (17)7.4五段抽汽电动门、逆止门的联锁与保护 (18)7.5六段抽汽电动门、逆止门的联锁与保护 (18)7.6#5、6低加出入口电动门联锁与保护 (18)7.7#5、6低加旁路电动门的联锁与保护 (18)7.87A/7B低加出、入口电动门的联锁与保护 (19)7.97A/7B低加旁路电动门的联锁与保护 (19)8.基本运行操作 (20)8.1低压加热器的投运 (20)8.2低压加热器的停运 (20)9.巡回检查标准 (21)10.设备检修安全措施 (23)11.常见异常故障 (24)11.1加热器振动 (24)11.2加热器水位高 (24)11.3加热器端差大 (25)12.安全警示(安规及25项反措要求) (26)13.事故案例 (28)某厂5段抽汽波纹补偿器爆裂 (28)14.设备附图 (34)14.1低加结构示意图 (34)14.2低加系统就地画面 (35)14.3#7低加就地图片 (36)14.4低加水位计图片 (36)14.5低加就地水位计图片 (37)14.6低加安全门图片 (39)14.7低加疏放水及排空系统图 (39)15.标准试题库 (41)15.1选择题 (41)15.2判断题 (42)15.3简答题 (42)15.4问答题 (43)16.培训检测表 (44)17.延伸阅读 (45)17.1蒸汽冷却器 (45)17.2表面式加热器的分类 (48)1.教程介绍本教程详尽介绍了发电厂低加系统,包含了发电厂运行维护人员从事本系统相关工作所必须掌握的专业基础理论知识、系统的构成及相关联接、系统中各设备的工作原理、设备系统的启停操作及正常运行调整、节能经济运行方式、各种工况下巡回检查的内容及标准、设备检修维护时安全隔离要求及措施、作业危险因素的分析及防止、系统常见故障的分析处理、运行过程中的事故预想及演练、相关的定期切换及试验要求等内容。

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图册(文件)编号30-H500201S-A01-02版次:B 状态:CFC 福建福清核电厂一期工程工程号0426子项号或系统号ABP子项或系统名称低压给水加热器系统设计阶段施工图设计工种系统设计图册(文件)名称低压给水加热器系统设计手册第2~5章图册(文件)序号批准F Q X 1 7 A B P0 0 2 E0 1 0 4 5G N本文件版权为华东电力设计院财产,未经本院许可不得转让或复制给第三方中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院工程设计综合类甲级A131000025 工程勘察综合类甲级090001-kj2010年5月图册(文件)编号30-H500201S-A01-02版次:B 状态:CFC 福建福清核电厂一期工程文件名称:低压给水加热器系统设计手册章节名称:第2章功能第3章设计综述第4章设备说明第5章运行参数审定:审核:校核:编制:F Q X 1 7 A B P0 0 2 E0 1 0 4 5 GN 本文件版权为华东电力设计院财产,未经本院许可不得转让或复制给第三方中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院工程设计综合类甲级A131000025 工程勘察综合类甲级090001-kj2010年5月2010.5.252010.5.202010.5.172010.5.12福建福清核电厂一期工程低压给水加热器系统设计手册第2~5章文件修改记录版本日期章节页码修改范围及依据A B 2008-12-252010-05-25首次出版1、根据福清核电厂业主意见QANF-600041-QCNB修改2、设计升版2. 功能2.1功能低压加热器给水系统的主要功能是:――利用汽轮机低压缸抽汽加热凝结水,提高回热系统热效率;――将低压加热器壳侧疏水和不凝结气体排向凝汽器和低压加热器疏水回收系统(ACO);2.2 安全功能本系统不属于与任何核安全功能直接或间接相关的系统。

3. 设计综述3.1 设计基准和安全准则3.1.1 低压给水加热器系统满足下列要求:(a) 满足要求的热力性能(b) 防止蒸汽或疏水反向流动,以保护汽轮机(c) 在所有的运行工况下能安全可靠地运行(d) 在所有的运行工况下保证凝结水流向除氧器(e) 尽量减少加热器及其管道受腐蚀的程度(f) 尽量减少要进行更换的部件数(g) 保证加热器和抽汽管道有足够的疏水设施3.1.2 安全准则:本系统与核安全无关。

3.2 系统设计低压给水系统主要由双列、四级低压加热器及其抽汽、疏水系统组成。

按凝结水的流向依次为LP1、LP2、LP3、LP4低压加热器,每级低压加热器包括LPA列和LPB列两台低压加热器。

LPA列低压加热器中的LP1A、LP2A 两台低压加热器布置在同一个壳体内,称为“复合式加热器”,LPB列低压加热器中的LP1B、LP2B低压加热器也布置在同一个壳体内,也是“复合式加热器”,这两台复合式加热器分别布置在两台凝汽器喉部。

根据工艺流程低压给水系统可分为给水系统、抽汽系统、疏水系统和排气系统。

3.2.1 凝结水系统凝结水进入本系统后分成两路,分别送进LPA列和LPB列复合式加热器进行加热,在每台复合式加热器的给水进、出口管道上设置电动闸阀ABP101VL、102VL和201VL、202VL,从LPA列和LPB列复合式加热器出来的两路凝结水,合并成一路,实现凝结水的压力平衡和温度平衡。

然后又分成两路分别送入LP3、LP4低压加热器进行加热,在每列LP3低压加热器给水进口和LP4低压加热器给水出口管道上设置了电动闸阀ABP401VL、403VL和501VL、503VL,从LP3、LP4低压加热器两列低压加热器出来的两路给水,也合并成两台复合式加热器的给水系统设置了一个公用旁路管道,在旁路管道上串联安装了一个电动旁路闸阀ABP008VL和一个节流孔板ABP001DI,当任何一台复合式加热器故障停役时,开启电动旁路阀,可以通过50%的给水量。

同样,在每列LP3、LP4低压加热器给水进出口管道之间,也设置了一个公用旁路管道,在旁路管道上串联安装了一个电动旁路闸阀ABP011VL和一个节流孔板ABP002DI,当任何一列LP3、LP4低压加热器故障停役时,开启电动旁路阀,可以通过50%的给水量。

3.2.2 抽汽系统两列LP1、LP2低压加热器的抽汽来自于两台汽轮机低压缸抽汽。

由于LP1、LP2低压加热器安装在凝汽器喉部,抽汽管道直而短,而且疏水直接进入凝汽器,因此LP1、LP2低压加热器的抽汽管道上没有安装任何阀门。

LP3低压加热器的抽汽来自于汽轮机中压缸抽汽,一根Φ1219×12.7mm的管道将LP3低压加热器抽汽引出,在该管道上设置了一只总气动逆止阀ABP501VV,在总气动逆止阀下游抽汽管道分成两路分别接到两列LP3低压加热器抽汽接口,在每列LP3低压加热器抽汽管道上按抽汽流向安装了一只气动逆止阀和一只电动蝶阀ABP405VV、505VV和402VV、502VV。

抽汽管道上的逆止阀靠近汽轮机抽汽口安装,减少抽汽管道容积,防止汽轮机脱扣甩负荷时蒸汽倒入汽轮机引起汽轮机超速或损害叶片;抽汽管道上的电动隔离阀靠加热器布置,在加热器内管束破裂或疏水受堵不畅时,防止加热器满水倒灌进汽轮机引起大轴弯曲和动静碰撞事故。

3.2.3 疏水系统3.2.3.1 抽汽管道疏水LP3低压加热器抽汽管道总气动逆止阀ABP501VV前和LP4低压加热器抽汽管道气动逆止阀ABP403VV、503VV前,均设置了气动疏水阀和节流孔板,将疏水排向凝汽器(汽轮机本体系统设置)。

在LP3低压加热器抽汽管道气动逆止阀ABP405VV、505VV前管道最低处设置了疏水站。

在LP4低压加热器抽汽管道电动隔离阀ABP404VV、504VV前管道最低处设置了疏水站。

在电动隔离阀ABP404VV、504VV后管道最低处设置了放水阀。

在汽轮机功率≤30%额定功率时,疏水站中的气动高水位疏水阀全开,当汽轮机功率>30%额定功率时,在疏水袋中无水位条件下关闭气动高水位疏水阀,使用疏水器进行疏水。

当疏水袋中水位达到高水位时,自动开启气动高水位疏水阀,当疏水袋中水位达到高高水位时,再次发出开启气动高水位疏水阀的信号。

LP1、LP2低压加热器的抽汽管道上没有安装任何阀门,疏水直接排入凝汽器,抽汽管道上也没有疏水装置。

3.2.3.2 低压加热器疏放水LP1、LP2低压加热器壳侧疏水直接排入凝汽器。

LP3、LP4低压加热器壳侧疏水分别排入低压加热器疏水回收系统(ACO),详见ACO系统描述。

LP3、LP4低压加热器壳侧和管侧放水分别排入常规岛废液排放系统(SEK)。

3.2.4 排气系统为了及时排除抽汽凝结过程中析出的气体,提高加热器管束传热效率,每个低压加热器壳侧均设置了排气管,将析出的气体排向凝汽器。

3.2.5 卸压装置低压加热器壳侧和管侧均安装了卸压装置。

两台LP3低压加热器壳侧分别安装弹簧安全阀ABP741VV和756VV,管侧分别安装弹簧安全阀ABP732VV 和747VV,防止超压。

3.3 材料选择低压加热器具有水平传热管和管板。

加热器壳体是全焊接结构,U型传热管胀接在管板内。

加热器结构材料见9.2数据表。

管道材料:给水管道材料采用A106B含铬碳钢材料,抽汽管道选用A335P22低合金钢材料。

低压加热器疏水阀后管道和排气至凝汽器管道采用不锈钢,安全阀卸压管道采用20钢。

4. 设备说明4.1 说明4.1.1 系统流程图低压给水加热器系统流程图参见第10章。

4.1.2 1号和2号复合式低压加热器1号和2号低压加热器分别由两台加热器组成,并行排列,形成两列,每列容量为额定容量的50%。

所有低压加热器均为双流道表面式换热器,凝结水在传热管内流动,加热蒸汽在管外即壳侧流动。

卧式布置的管壳式低压加热器由壳体、水室组件、传热管束、隔板、支撑板及防冲板组成。

加热器壳体采用全焊接结构,按全真空和抽汽压力工况设计,而且能承受所连接管道的反作用力。

水室由圆柱形筒体、法兰盖和管板组成,管板钻有管孔,以便插入U形传热管的管端,水室组件还包括进、出口接管、安全阀接口和分隔板等。

U型管通过机械胀接法固定于管板。

钢制隔板沿着整个传热管长度方向布置。

这些隔板支撑着管束并引导蒸汽流沿着管束90度转折流过管子,隔板又借助拉杆和定距管固定。

在加热器接收上级疏水的进口处和蒸汽进口处设有不锈钢防冲板,可使进入加热器壳侧的疏水和蒸汽不直接冲击管束,以免传热管受到冲蚀。

复合式低压加热器的具体说明见东方电气相关资料说明。

4.1.3 3号和4号低压加热器给水加热器采用美国Foster Wheele能源公司的技术。

(a)管子管板连接采用胀接加焊接。

在管板上堆焊一层不锈钢用以提高焊接性能。

低压加热器采用机械胀管。

(b)凝结段凝结段是利用蒸汽冷凝时的潜热加热给水。

一组隔板使蒸汽沿着加热器长度方向均匀地分布,起支撑传热管的作用。

进入该段的蒸汽,根据气(汽)体冷却原理,自动平衡,直至由饱和蒸汽冷凝成饱和的凝结水,并汇集在加热器的尾部或底部,收聚非凝结气体的排气管必须置于管束最低压力处以及壳体内容易和聚非冷凝气体处。

非冷凝气体的集聚影响了有效传热,因而降低了效率并造成腐蚀。

(c)疏水冷却段疏水冷却段是把离开凝结段的疏水的热量传给进入加热器的给水,而使疏水温度降至饱和温度以下,有利于顺利疏水,大大减弱对疏水调节阀和管道的冲蚀,振动。

利用液体的表面张力保持传热管与疏冷段端板之间隙密封潜水式进口控制进口流速保持水位形成水封。

疏水冷却段位于给水进口流程侧,并有包壳板密闭。

疏水温度降低后,当流向下一个压力较低的加热器时,减弱了在管道内发生汽化的趋势。

包壳板在内部与加热器壳侧的总体部分隔开,从端板和吸入口或进口端保持一定的疏水水位,使该段密闭。

疏水进入该段,由一组隔板引导流动,从疏水出口管疏出。

为提高疏水冷却段传热效率,疏水具有较高的质量流速,为防止振动,需控制疏水的质量速度疏水冷却段具有小于一定值的内阻要求,内阻过大可影响疏水的正常流动。

全流量的疏水冷却段,传热效率高,整体传热系数高。

(d)采用FW公司程序进行管系振动校核过热段管系振动校核,凝结段隔板采用大隔板,仅起支撑传热管的作用,而不采用传统的强制流动的隔板,降低蒸汽流速,防止管系振动:根据加热器的实际情况,凝结段蒸汽不应有流通,蒸汽凝结后由于体积急剧变化,蒸汽会自动平衡,自动补充。

凝结段有流速的坏处:冲蚀管束,引起振动。

(e)独特的内置式排气装置均匀排除非凝结汽体提高热效率。

结构特点(a)壳体壳体是钢板焊接构件。

为保证其焊缝质量,焊缝都经可纪录检测。

壳体和水室是焊接连接。

为了便于壳体的拆移,还安装了吊耳及壳体滚轮,并使其运行时自由膨胀。

(b)水室组件低加则是圆柱形筒身和椭圆封头,自密封人孔。

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