Unit 4 Why Superstition
Unit 5 A Few Kind Words for Superstition
belief or notion not based on reason or knowledge
reasonless).
refers to folk beliefs deemed irrational (unreasonable,
Super-nature/ apparition [,æpə'riʃən] (ghost)幽灵；幻影；鬼怪
Western superstition
Black cat:
Black cats crossing the street in front of you cause bad luck.
Walking under the ladder Walking under the ladder causes bad luck •Breaking a mirror will bring you seven
comet
土耳其蓝眼睛坠子「Evil Eye」 阿拉伯捍煞之手Hamsa Hand手链
voo-doo dolls 巫毒人偶
Clay hamsa on a wall, to protect the inhabitants from harm 捍煞之手(Hamsa Hand) –India 阿拉伯
Voodooism 伏都教，又译“巫毒教”，源于非洲西部
superstitious?
Can you give an example of superstition?
Why do people still cling to superstition
handed down through the centuries?
Superstition [,sju:pə'stiʃən]
博士研究生英语综合教程第二版
新编研究生英语系列教程博士研究生英语综合教程（第二版/教师用书）北京市研究生英语教学研究会主编陈大明徐汝舟副主编刘宁王焱华许建平编者赵宏凌邹映辉杨凤珍来鲁宁张剑柳君丽曹莉郑辉中国人民大学出版社KEY TO THE EXERCISESUnit One ScienceText 1 Can We Really Understand Matter?I. Vocabulary1. A2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. CII. Definition1. A priority2. Momentum3. An implication4. Polarization5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km.6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energiesIII. Mosaic1. The stress: (Omitted)Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.2. molecule3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfullydeveloped in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-mat ter. They are the “destruction”phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter.V. GroupingA.Uncertainty:what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious wayB.Contrast:more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly wellC. Applications of Quantum mechanics:the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes1. probabilities2. illusory3. discourage4. scrutinyVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING•STRATEGY•DEFINITIONI. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries.1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions ofpower) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.2. Gravity is defined as the natural force by which objects are attracted to each other,especially that by which a large mass pulls a smaller one to it.3. The millennium bug refers to the computer glitch that arises from an inability of thesoftware to deal correctly with dates of January 2000 or later.4. Globalization is understood as the development so as to make possible internationalinfluence or operation.II. Write a one-paragraph definition of the following words.1. hypothesisA hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible way of explaining facts,proving an argument, etc. Through experiments, the hypothesis is either accepted as true (possibly with improvements) or cast off.2. scienceScience is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.3. superstitionSuperstition refers to a belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc. For example, it is a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.4. pessimismPessimism is a tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation or to expect the worst possible result. A person with pessimism is a pessimist who thinks that whatever happens is bad.5. individualismIndividualism is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights in a society. It has a bad sense in that little attention is paid to the rights of the collective or a good one in that independence is emphasized rather than dependence on others.Text 2 Physics Awaits New Options as Standard Model IdlesI. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. BII. Definition1. A refrain2. A spark3. A jingle4. Symmetry5. develops or studies theories or ideas about a particular subject.6. studies the origin and nature of the universe.7. studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes.III. Mosaic1. gravity2. anti-/opposite3. D4. B5. A6. A7. B8.AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.The Standard Model of particle physics is an unfinished poem. Most of the pieces are there,and even unfinished, it is arguably the most brilliant opus in the literature of physics. With great precision, it describes all known matter – all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons –as well as the forces by which those particles interact with one another.These forces are electromagnetism, which describes how charged objects feel each other’s influence: the weak force, which explains how particles can change their identities, and the strong force, which describes how quarks stick together to form protons and other composite particles. But as lovely as the Standard Model’s description is, it is in pieces, and some of those pieces – those that describe gravity – are missing. It is a few shards of beauty that hint at something greater, like a few lines of Sappho on a fragment of papyrus. V. GroupingA.Particle physics:supersymmetry, equation, superpartners, stringB.Strangeness:bizarre, beyond the ken ofC.Antonyms:gravity–antigravity1. novelty2. revelatory3. Symmetry4. gravityVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY• EXEMPLIFICATION AN D ILLUSTRATION(Omitted)Text 3 Supporting ScienceI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. A4. C5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. D 11. B 12. AII. Definition1. A portfolio2. A vista3. Cryptography4. Paleontology5. a business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation6. a group of people having common interests7. a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organizationIII. Rhetoric1. pouring money into2. column3. unbridled4. twilight5. blossomed intoIV. Mosaic1. phenomenon criterion datum medium(because these words originated from Latin and retain their Latin plural form)2. A3. A4. B5. B6. B7. C8. BV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The five scientists who won the 1996 Nobel Prize point out that the present prosperityand development are based on the fruits of basic scientific research and the negligence of basic scientific research will threaten human development of the 21st century.EU countries noticed that one of their weaknesses is “insufficient investment in research and development.” Korea and Singapore do not hesitate to pour money into research and development. The developed countries in the West have used most of the scientific and technological development resources for the research and development of new and high technology. This has become an obvious trend at present. It is evident from the experiences of various countries that new and high technology can create and form new industries, open up and set up new markets. The innovation of traditional industries with new and high technology is a key method to strengthen the competitive competency of an enterprise.VI. Grouping:A.Negligence of basic research:corporate breakups, cut back on research, ignore it, subject to a protracted dissection and review, second-guessing, dropped dramatically, subjected to a scrutiny, skirling our supportB.Significant examples of basic research:computing, biotechnology, the Internet, number theory, complex analysis, coding theory, cryptography, dinosaur paleontology, genetics research)C.Ways to intensify arguments:moved support for science from a “want to have” squarely into the “need to have”column1. resounding2. second-guessing3. downsized4. subjectedVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • COMPARISON, CONTRAST, AND ANALOGY (Omitted)Text 4 Why Must Scientists Become More Ethically Sensitive Than They Used to Be?I. Vocabulary1. B2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. D8. A9. D 10. B 11. B 12. DII. Definition1. A constraint2. Algorithm3. A prerequisite4. Ethics5. an important topic or problem for debate or discussion6. a person’s principles or standards of behaviour; one’s judgement of what is important inlife.7. a formal plan put forward for consideration to carry out a projectIII. Rhetoric1. brushed under the carpet2. smell3. hands and brains4. battle front5. module . . . moduleIV. Mosaic1. /z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /s//s/ /iz/ /z/ /s/ /z//iz/ /z/ /s/ /z/ /z//z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /z//s/ after voiceless consonants/z/ after voiced consonants/iz/ after a word ended with –es2. B3. D4. A5. D6. A7. CV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Scientists and medical ethicists advocate the prohibition of human cloning as a way toproduce life. They all agree that human cloning exerts severe threats on human dignity.Social critics point out that cloned children will lack personality and noumenon. G. Annas, professor of health laws in Boston university, points out that “human cloning should be banned because it may fundamentally alter the definition of ourselves.”VI. Grouping:A.The change of attitudes towards ethical consideration:occupy media slots and Sunday supplements, latest battle front, can no longer be swept aside, more sensitiveB.Academic science:a worldwide institutional web, peer review, respect for priority of discovery,comprehensive citation of the literature, meritocratic preferment, smuggle ethical considerations from private life, from politics, from religion, from sheer humanitariansympathyC.Industrial science:intimately involved in the business of daily lifeD.Post-academic science:a succession of “projects”, compound moral risks with financial risks, largely the work ofteams of scientists1. individualistic2. energized3. comprehensive4. heterogeneousVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • CAUSE AND EFFECT(Omitted)Text 5 Beauty, Charm, and Strangeness: Science as MetaphorI. Vocabulary1. B2. A3. C4. B5. C6. B7. A8. B9. A 10. CII. Rhetoric1. pitch2. landscape3. unblinking4. yawn5. wringsIII. Mosaic1.physical poetic political scientific optical atomic2. (Omitted)3. B4. B5. A6. C7. DIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. There are only two forms of human spiritual creation: science and poetry. The formergives us convenience; and the latter gives us comfort. In more common words, the former enables us to have food to eat when we are hungry; and the latter makes us aware that eating is something more than eating, and it is very interesting as well. To have science without poetry, atomic bomb will be detonated; to have poetry without science, poets will starve to death.Scientists should not despise poets; and poets should not remain isolated from scientists.If the two fields conflict each other, human beings would be on the way to doom. In fact, the greatest scientists like Newton, Einstein and Mrs. Currie were all endowed with poetic spirit.I assert that in observing the apple falling to the ground, Newton not only discovered thegravity of the earth, he also wrote a beautiful poem.V. GroupingA.Human reason:guilty of hubris, cramped imagination, commonsense logic, an ignorant manB.Differences between art and science:different in their methods and in their ends, a scientific hypothesis can be proven, new combinations of old materials, transform the ordinary into extraordinary, a practical extension into technology, the sense of an endingC.Similarities between art and science:in their origin, quest to reveal the world1. indistinguishable2. transform3. poetic4. extension5. subdueVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATIONI. Organize the following words into groups.People: physician; driver; boxer; mother; teacherSchools: school; college; institute; kindergarten; universityColors: brown; purple; violet; black; yellowPrepositions: along; toward; upon; without; intoVerbs:listen; read; write; hear; lookII. Complete the following lists.1. College students can be classified according to:A.academic achievementB.attitude toward politics, friendship, etc.C.sexD.heightE.place of originF.value of lifeG.major2. Transportation means can be classified according to:A.speedB.sizeeD.fuelfortF.historyG.water, land, or airIII. Write a paragraph of classification on the books which you like to read.(Omitted)Text 6 Is Science Evil?I. Vocabulary1. C2. A3. D4. B5. B6.A7. C8. C9. D 10. AII. Definition1. Canon2. Validity3. A premise4. Disillusionment5. the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or correctness of something6. a mode of thinking based on guessing rather than on knowledgeIII. Mosaic1. 1) / / illusion dis-=not -ment=noun ending2) / / science pseudo-=false3) / / conscious -ness=noun ending4) / / question -able=adjective ending5) / / extenuate -ation=noun ending6) / / indict -ment=noun ending7) / / rebut -al=noun ending8) / / perpetrate -ion=noun ending9) / / problem -ic=adjective ending10) / / dissolute -ion=noun ending2. Para. 13: Only when scientific criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can aclosed view of the world pretend to scientific validity –and then it is a falsevalidity.Para.14: Out of dissatisfaction with all the separate bits of knowledge is born the desire to unite all knowledge.Para. 15: Only superficially do the modern and the ancient atomic theories seem to fit into the same theoretical mold.1) Para. 13: Only + adverbial clause of time + inverted orderPara. 14: Prepositional phrase + inverted orderPara. 15: Only + adverb + inverted order2) Inverted order is used to emphasize.3. C4. B5. A6. CIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. At present there exist two conflicting tendencies towards the development of science andtechnology. The opponents of science hold that the development of modern science has not brought blessings to human beings, instead it has brought human beings to the very edge of disaster and peril. On the other hand, the proponents of scientific and technological progress maintains that the crises facing human beings today—such as environmental pollution, ecological unbalance, natural resource exhaustion—are the natural consequences of the development of science, and the solution to which lies in the further development of science. Both of the above tendencies are reasonable in a sense with their respective one-sided view. If we view the development of modern science and technology from the point of view of our times and with dialectic viewpoints, we can find out that the problem facing modern science and technology is not how to understand the progress of modern science and technology, but how to find out the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in order to meet the needs of the times.V. GroupingA.Attitudes toward science:expect to be helped by science and only by science, the superstition of science, the hatred of science, the one great landmark on the road to truthB.Characteristics of science:powerful authority, solve all problems, thoroughly universalC.Scientific knowledge:a concrete totality, cannot supply us with the aims of life, cannot lead usD.Contrast between ancient and modern science:progress into the infinite, making particulars absolute, not as an end in itself but as a tool of inquiry1. corruption2. totality3. inquiry4. superstition5. landmarkVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • STRATEGY • GENERALIZATION AND SPECIFICATIONWRITING • STRATEGY • COMBINATION OF WRITING STRATEGIES (Omitted)Unit Two EngineeringText 7 Engineers’ Dream of Practical Star FlightI. Vocabulary1. D2. C3. B4. D5. A6. C7.CII. Definition1. Annihilation2. A skeptic3. A cosmic ray4. Anti-matter5. A workshop6. the curved path in space that is followed by an object going around another larger object7. any one of the systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, heldtogether by gravitational attractionIII. Mosaic1. 闭音节, 字母u 发/ / 的音，如A, C and D.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. C6. B7. A8. BIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. Human beings have long been attempting sending unmanned devices, called interstellarprobes, into the outer space to understand the changes of climates, geological structures and the living beings on the stars and planets out there. A probe is usually sent into the orbit of the earth by “riding” a spacecraft or carrier rockets. After its orbital adjustments are made, the rocket engine is ignited and the probe continues its journey to the orbit of the other star or planet. With the rocket engine broken off, the probe immediately spreads its solar-cell sails and antenna, controlling its posture with sensors. When convinced that it is in the orbit of the targeted star, the probe starts its propeller and flies to the preset destination.V. GroupingA.Astronomical phenomena:interstellar medium, a wind of particles, galaxy, reserves of comets, the Kuiper Belt,orbit, Pluto, the Oort Cloud, the bombardment photonB.Space equipment:interstellar probe, gravitational lens, chemical rocket, thruster, reflective sailC.To explore the universe:scoop, bend, sampleD.Challenges and solutions in interstellar flights:carry its own supply of propellant, matter-antimatter, nuclear power1. gravitational2. propulsion3. probed4. interstellarVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING • RHETORIC • SIMILE AND METAPHORI. Complete the following similes with the words given, using one word once only.1. as drunk as a ___ bear 11. as cool as ___ cucumber______2. as faithful as a ___ dog_____ 12. as white as ____ snow ________3. as greedy as ____Jew_____ 13. as cunning as a ____ fox__________4. as rich as _____ king_____ 14. to fight like a ____ _lion_________5. as naked as a ___ frog_____ 15. to act like a stupid __ ass_________6. as red as a _ _lobster_ 16. to spend money like __ water_______7. as beautiful as a _ butterfly__ 17. to eat like a _ wolf________8. as busy as a ____ bee______ 18. to sleep like a _____ log ______9. as firm as a ____ rock _____ 19. to swim like a ____ fish________10. as rigid as a ___stone____ 20. to tremble like a _____ _ leaf_________II. Explain the following metaphors.1. Creaking doors hang the longest.creaking door: anything or anybody in a bad condition2. I could hardly put up with his acid comment.acid comment: bitter remark.3. Her eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.blazing: filled with angerstormed: shouted; screamed4. She burnt with love, as straw with fire flames.burnt with love: extremely excited with love5. The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.a red flag: a danger signal (that might stop the support of many voters)6. The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the strokes of bellows.glowed and dimmed: became bright and gloomy7. The city is a jungle where nobody is safe after the dark.a jungle: a disorderly place8. To me he is power—he is the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, thestinging centipede.the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, and the stinging centipede: the most terrifying creatureText 8 Blinded By The LightI. Vocabulary1. A2. C3. A4. C5. D6. A7. BII. Rhetoric1. riveted2. pack3. pours4. creepsIII. Mosaic1. 开音节发字母读音, 如A, B and C.2. (Omitted)3. (Omitted)4. C5. D6. D7. C8. AIV. TranslationA.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. The energy released from nuclear fusion is much more than that from nuclear fission, andthe radioactivity given out from fusion is only one hundredth of that from fission. The major fuel used for nuclear fusion is hydrogen and its isotopes, deuterium and tritium, among which deuterium could be directly extracted from sea water. The energy of deuterium contained in one liter of sea water is equal to 300 liters of petroleum. In the ocean there are about 35,000 billion tons of deuterium, which could be used for more than one billion years. Compared to the fission energy, the fusion energy on the earth is nearly limitless.V. GroupingA. Nuclear-fusion:the doughnut-shaped hollow, reactor, the Tokamak Fusion reactor, fusion, generate, consumeB. Verbs related to nuclear-fusion reaction:ignite, release, stickC. Excitement and cool-down:not a few tears, The experiment is an important milestone, but fusion power is still along way . . . , But no one knows for sure whether…, Even then it will take decades of engineering before…1. nuclear fusion2. repel3. blastVI. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)W RITING • R HETORIC • METONYMY AND SYNECDOCHEI. Study the uses of metonymy in the following sentences and then put them into Chinese.1.The election benched him in the district court.他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官。
全新版大学英语(第二版)unit4课文翻译
Unit4爱因斯坦是外星人么艾伯特爱因斯坦被搞得筋疲力尽.连续第三个晚上，他的宝贝儿子汉斯，哭泣，让家人清醒直到黎明。
当艾伯特终于睡着了是时候起床去工作。
他不能跳过一天。
他需要工作来养活家人。
他轻快地走到专利局，在那里他是一个“技术专家，第三级，”艾伯特担心他的母亲。
她越来越虚弱，她不赞成他与米列娃结婚，关系紧张。
艾伯特看了一眼路过商店的橱窗。
他的头发是一个烂摊子；他忘了梳一遍。
工作。
家庭。
使收支平衡。
艾伯特感受到任何年轻的丈夫和父亲所有的压力和责任的。
放松，他彻底改变了物理学。
1905年，在年龄26时，四年前他找到了工作作为一个物理学教授，爱因斯坦出版了五个最重要的论文在科学史”——所有在他的空余时间写的。
”他证明了原子和分子的存在。
1905年之前，科学家们不清楚那些。
他认为光是小块（后来被称为“光子”），从而奠定了量子力的学基础，。
他描述了他的狭义相对论理论：空间和时间是同一个织物的线，他提出那是可弯曲，拉伸和扭曲的。
哦，顺便说一句，E = mc2。
在爱因斯坦之前，最后一个有这样突出创意的科学家，是艾萨克牛顿先生。
它发生在1666时，牛顿隔离自己母亲的农场去避免爆发在剑桥的瘟疫。
没有什么更好的事，他提出了他的万有引力。
几个世纪以来,历史学家称为1666牛顿的“奇迹年。
现在这些话有不同的意义:爱因斯坦和1905。
联合国已经宣布2005年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇迹年的100周年。
现代流行文化吧爱因斯坦画一个bushy-haired superthinker。
我们被告之他的想法，是不可能远远领先于其他科学家。
他一定是从其他星球来的——也许是牛顿长大的同一个星球。
“爱因斯坦不是外星人，”哈佛大学物理学家和科学史家彼得笑到。
“他是他那个时代的人。
”他所有的1905年的文件揭开问题正在被其他科学家研究，成败参半，“如果爱因斯坦没有出生的，[文件]将最终由他人以某种形式写出来”Galison说。
1905年值得注意的是，一个人撰写的五个文件的全部，加上原有的，爱因斯坦以不敬的方式得到自己的结论。
2021-2022学年高中英语人教版必修四习题：Unit 4课下能力提升十六 Word版含答案
Unit 4 课下力量提升(十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other's minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature's talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it's an ability for communicating information to others by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not that we don't have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is socalled “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn't tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.1．According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is ________.A．our ability to use languageB．the miracle of technologyC．the amazing power of natureD．our ability to make noises with mouth2．What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals?A．Lifting heads when sad.B．Keeping long faces when angry.C．Bristling hair when ready to attack.D．Bowing heads when willing to obey.3．What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragra ph refer to?A．Nature's talent show.B．A species of animal.C．A special act of humans.D．Information communicated to others.4．This passage is mainly about ________.A．the development of body languageB．the special role humans play in natureC．the power to convey information to othersD．the difference between humans and animals is language useⅡ.任务型阅读While many people are accessible by email, sometimes it is difficult to determine how exactly to write an email to them. Here are some tips for you to follo w.Write an appropriate subject line. The subject line should tell the recipient (接收者) immediately what the email is about. 1.________ Remember that your wording also has to be brief.2．________ It is best to be more formal rather than informal, so when writing to someone you have never met or written to before, a “Dear Jane Smith” is appropriate. When addressing someone whom you are a little familiar with, a “Dr. Smith” is okay until they tell you to address them by their first name, in which case a simpl e “Jane” will be okay.3．________ Within the first two sentences of your email, your recipient should know exactly why you are writing to them. Sometimes an introduction may have to precede (先于) the sentence that states why you are writing, and sometimes it has to follow.Use appropriate language. You may be used to using informal language in certain social settings.4.________ Even when dealing with colleagues or friends you are familiar with, do not immediately fall back on informal language.Keep it simple. People may get dozens and even hundreds of emails a day. 5.________ In that way, they can save much of their time when reading emails.A．Use proper greetings.B．Express your ideas clearly.C．State your purpose at the beginning.D．Be as specific as possible when writing the subject.E．However, an email may not be the best place to use such language.F．It is important to check the language to avoid spelling and grammar mistakes.G．It is always easier for them if you keep your email as short and brief as possible.Ⅲ.完形填空“Don't talk to strangers ...” That is probably one of the __1__ pieces of advice handed down from our parents. Yeah, they __2__ well. Since there are bad people out there, it seems to be a good idea in order to help __3__ us. And over the years we've learned how to keep our eyes __4__. We are used to making no eye contact with strangers.__5__， the price that we pay for this __6__ is that we grow up suspicious (表示怀疑的) of others and their motives. We tend to have a(n) __7__ of strangers, which is neither necessary nor __8__ as we grow older.Most people out there are not sociopaths (反社会者). __9__， most people are quite __10__. What once protected us from bad people is now preventing us from establishing relationships with __11__ people!In general, you know that the random stranger standing next to you is very __12__ to kidnap (绑架) you, yet the emotion of fear is __13__ associated with talking to them. So you __14__ do it. But you miss out on a lot by closing yourself off to new people like this.Instead, you should actively __15__ that people in general are friendly. Why? Because they are. Most people actually are nice. We are __16__ creatures, and we welcome interactions with others. Think about it: when a stranger starts a(n) __17__ with you, how do you usually __18__？Besides, you never know who you might __19__. The person standing behind you in a line could one day be your best friend. It __20__. But even if it's not that extreme, you never know if that person has a job opportunity for you, or is just a cool person who you would enjoy having a brief conversation with.1．A.shortest B．worstC．longest D．best2．A.meant B．plannedC．spoke D．worked3．A.inspire B．instructC．change D．protect4．A.up B．openC．down D．shut5．A.Especially B．ThankfullyC．Unfortunately D．Uncertainly6．A.safety B．healthC．power D．delight7．A.anger B．painC．shame D．fear8．A.important B．obviousC．humorous D．reasonable9．A.In case B．In factC．At times D．At first10．A.brave B．friendlyC．smart D．patient11．A.bad B．famousC．good D．common12．A.ready B．unlikelyC．eager D．unwilling13．A.still B．neverC．only D．even14．A.always B．oftenC．sometimes D．seldom15．A.doubt B．assumeC．guess D．decide16．A.living B．complexC．unique D．social17．A.meeting B．experimentC．argument D．conversation18．A.listen B．connectC．react D．devote19．A.hurt B．forgetC．meet D．benefit20．A.happens B．dependsC．affects D．failsⅣ.语法填空Tom：Have you heard the news?Mary：No, what's up?Tom：I just 1.________ (hear) that our company is planning to lay off 20 percent of the employees in the next two months.Mary：Are you kidding? I knew they were looking 2.________ some way to cut costs with the lowerprofits this quarter, 3.________ I didn't think that they would start 4.________ (lay) people off. That is not 5.________ wise choice. The employees will panic when they hear the 6.________.Tom：Yeah, it's hard to believe. There'll be hundreds of people 7.________ (lose) their jobs. It's not just the salary. It means losing benefits, too. You know, I hope it's not going to be Mike. With three kids and a wife who's sick, that would 8.________ (real) be a blow.Mary：When will we know who is getting 9.________ (fire)?Tom：I have 10.________ idea at present. If I get any warning, or hear anything else, I'll let you know as soon as possible.Mary：Thanks. I'll do the same.Ⅴ.短文改错Dear Sir，I'm grateful to your good service during my stay in Hong Kong. I'm writing to ask if you could find and send back my bag I left in your hotel.I checked in on July 1 and out on July 8. Set off in a rush for the airport, I left a bag in Room 713. It's a blue leather bag, what contains some traveling books, a white iPod and some money. All of them matter to me, especially the iPod, a preciously gift from my uncle on my 16th birthday. Very much do I value it that I feel upsetting at losing it.Since you find it, would you please to post it to me? I'll appreciate if you can give me your earliest reply.Yours sincerely，Ann课下力量提升(十六)Ⅰ.1．解析：选A 细节理解题。
UnitAFewKindforSuperstition课文翻译
U n i t5A F e w K i n d W o r d f o r S u p e r s t i t i o n 引言中文译文本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。
为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。
尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。
戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。
1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。
超心理学、不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。
难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。
2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。
但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。
3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。
他们称第一种方式为镇邪压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。
我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。
当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。
”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。
4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。
我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。
为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。
几乎如此，但并非完全如此。
令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。
5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。
你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。
UNIT 4 Superlatives, superlatives, superlatives, superlatives-课件ppt
Rule2: One syllable adjectives
One syllable adjectives ending in a consonant with a
singlevowel before it. Doublex2 the lastletter,+er for
comparative and+est for superlative.
PeelP50 is only53.9 inches = 137 cm
The ostrich /'c
stritf, 'ds tritf/, is the largest
bird in the world.
Male (man) ostrich is 210-280
cm tall.
Female (woman) ostrich is 170-200
Saint Juliana Airport in
Saint Martin
is the most dangerous airport in the
world.
Iceland/'ais land/ the world'smost beautiful
placesin the world.
I c e l a nd
typhoon /tai'fun/
-a tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific andChina
Seas.
-very strongstorm.
Temperature inthe winter sometimes is
-15F = -26c
freeze /friz/
other things.
Unit 4 Why Superstition
First part Paragraph 1-2 Second part Paragraph 3-5 Third part Paragraph 6-8 Fourth part Paragraph 9-11
Structure
The first part of the article consists of the first two paragraphs, in which the author states his idea: superstition is an outward expression of the tensions and anxieties as it struggles in his life. Two ideas are discussed:
但是迷信的最为独一无二的来源是宗教魔力。 但是迷信的最为独一无二的来源是宗教魔力。纵观整个西方社 会发展史，从古老的异教徒信仰一直到美洲的开始， 会发展史，从古老的异教徒信仰一直到美洲的开始，宗教及其 庞大的仪式使迷信久盛不衰。
But the greatest single source of superstition was the magic of religion. Throughout the whole of the Western developing world, all the way from the most ancient pagan beliefs right up to the beginning of the Americas, religion and its powerful rituals gave life to superstition. (P 11 L100)
Read text and answer the questions 1.What does the author want to tell us in the essay? 2.What does the author say about the sources of superstition? 3.How many parts can we divide? This text consists of four parts
M4 u4 能力提升
必修4 unit4 能力提升主备：高波审核：高三英语备课组备课组长签字: 肖倩Learning aims:To improve the students’ ability of reading.阅读理解If you can speak English，you know a lot of English words.You can read，speak and understand.But there is another kind of language you need to know——the language of the body，a part of what is called non-verbal communication. All over the world，people “talk” with their eyes.When Japanese people meet，they put their hands together.What do American and British do?Americans are more informal than the British.They like to be friendly.They use first name，they ask questions and theytalk easily about themselves.When they sit down，they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable.British people are more quiet.They take more time to make friends.They like to know you before they ask you home.When British and American people meet someone for the first time，they shake hands.They do not usually shake hands with people they know well.Women sometimes kiss their women friends，and men kiss women friends （on one cheek only）.When a man meets a man friend，he just smiles，and says “Hello”.Men do not kiss each other.Even fathers and sons donot often kiss each other.1.Body language is .A. the system of human expression newly invented recentlyB.the system of human expression by means of wordsC.the system of human expression by sign，movements，etc.D.a common system of human expression with words and signs2.People use body language .A.in AsiaB.in AmericaC.in BritainD.all over the world3.When an American man meets a woman friend，he.A.kisses herB.just smilesC.says “Hello”D.shakes hands4.British people are .A.as quiet as AmericansB.more formal than AmericansC.less friendly than AmericansD.more informal than Americans5.From the passage we can come to the idea that .A.most of the body language in different countries may be differentB.most of the body language in different countries is the sameC.all the body language in different countries is differentD.none of the body language in different countries is the same完形填空The eyes are one of the most expressive instruments of body language.Keith，seventeen，from Montclair New Jersey，learned the hard way about one 6the eyes can make .“I had a____7____who graded heavily on classroom discussion,”Keith says.“He seemed to have a strong ability to know just when I didn’t have the 8.I couldn’t figure out how he could be so ___9.Then it dawned on（为……所明白）me.10I didn’t know the answer，I would avoid looking at him.When I 11know what so say，I always 12straight back at him.From that moment on，I 13 myself to look him in the eye,14I knew the work or not.That trick has saved me a lot of trouble.”Many people，including some policemen，believe eye contact is a good 15of honesty.If someone can’t look at you directly in the eye，then he or she is not playing 16,they insist.After many experiments,17,a number of experts have found out that good liars can make false eye contact.Eye contact，though not a（n）18sign of honesty，is a clear way to show interest in another person.When a person looks at you and 19to do so，you know his 20is placed on you.When he turns his head away，his mind is probably 21. 22there are exceptions.A__23person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact，no matter how interested he is in the other person. And certain 24,such as the British and Germans，are much 25__ oriented（适应）to eyeball to eyeball contact than，say，the French and Arabs.6.A.letter B.notice C.message D.news7.A.student B.headmaster C.friend D.teacher8.A.question B.problem C.excuse D.answer 9.A.slow B.sharp C.dull D.clever10.A.Whatever B.Whenever C.However D.Wherever11.A.didn’t B.did C.don’t D.do12.A.watched B.glanced C.sawD.stared13.A.helped B.hoped C.taught D.persuaded14.A.when B.whether C.if D.as15.A.lesson B.way C.chance D.test16.A.honestly B.quickly C.correctly D.really17.A.therefore B.however C.actually D.especially18.A.real B.exact C.wonderful D.sure19.A.stops B.continues C.changes D.hopes20.A.attention B.spirit C.strength D.energy21.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.elsewhere D.everywhere22.A.And B.Or C.ButD.So23.A.brave B.shy C.stupid D.proud24.A.nationalities B.cities C.countries nguages25.A.more B.less C.too D.enough语法填空When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay ________1 his food, his clothes, or his room, but he has to work 2____________ he wants to live 3 ________________（comfort）. If he spends most of his time 4 ____________（play）about in the way that he used to as a child, __________5 will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society ____________6 he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to__________ 7. ____________8, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has ___________9 health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job _____________10 of building up for himself his own position in society.七选五___1___ .Being angry doesn’t really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!___2___ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper.___3___Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their parents, break something , or even worse , hit their brothers or sisters.___4____ .However, it’s not OK for a kid to do any of those things .Kids don’t want to act in this way , but sometime s angry feelings can be hard to manage. So what to do?Well, the good news is that kids don’t just have to keep making the same mistakes over and over again.___5___ .Imagine your temper as a puppy inside you that needs some training. The puppy is not bad ---- it will probably turn out a great dog. It just needs to learn some rules because, right now, that puppy is causing some problems to you.You can train you temper.A. You can train you temper.B. You don’t want to cause trouble.C. Kids should be allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones.D. Everybody gets angry sometimes.E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.F. Instead of thinking of the person you’re angry with, think of something else.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.安全提示：Keep healthy !。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Discussion
What is Superstition in your mind?
Do you (or others you know) have any superstitions? (For example: Lucky number) Talk about it.
1. Every age pays attention to ancient superstition according to a certain subtle fashion. Supporting ideas: 1) Not so long ago, people used baptismal water to wash their sore eyes. 2) Modern Westerners... do cross their fingers... 2. Superstition is an outward expression of the tensions and anxieties as man faces struggles in his life.
因此，我们可以把迷信看成是面对多变人生的一种慰藉， 因此，我们可以把迷信看成是面对多变人生的一种慰藉，就好 像我们是一个神秘世界的一部分， 像我们是一个神秘世界的一部分，而这个神秘的世界又充满着 不可理喻的规则。 不可理喻的规则。
We can see the superstition, therefore, as a kind of reassurance against fluctuation as though we are part of an impenetrable mystery with incomprehensible rules. (P two L20)
Libra
天秤座
Scorpio Sagittarius
天蝎座
[,sdi’tri s]
Capricorn Aquarius
[’kprik:n] [’kwri s] 摩羯座
Pisces
[’paisi:z]
双鱼座
Some Superstitions You May Don’t Know 1.American often put a penny in their shoe. They think it will bring them good luck. 2.Western people try not to put on their left shoe first. 3.American thought: If a wild bird flies into your house, that means a sign of death.
但是迷信的最为独一无二的来源是宗教魔力。 但是迷信的最为独一无二的来源是宗教魔力。纵观整个西方社 会发展史，从古老的异教徒信仰一直到美洲的开始， 会发展史，从古老的异教徒信仰一直到美洲的开始，宗教及其 庞大的仪式使迷信久盛不衰。
But the greatest single source of superstition was the magic of religion. Throughout the whole of the Western developing world, all the way from the most ancient pagan beliefs right up to the beginning of the Americas, religion and its powerful rituals gave life to superstition. (P 11 L100)
Mistletoe
Friday the 13th
Friday the 13th is believed to be a day that brings the worst luck. Perhaps the best- known superstition is the fear of Friday the 13th. It is even the subject of a hugely successful horror movie series! People have used the date of Friday the 13th to explain why something went wrong. Examples of the taboos(禁忌) for both Friday, but especially the number 13, are endless. Among the activities viewed as taboo to do on this day are: Setting sail on a ship; moving house; beginning any new work; writing a letter; knitting; starting a journey; and, believe it or not, cutting nails.
The fourth part of the article consists of the rest paragraphs, in which the author summarizes the causes of superstitions.
Paragraph 9: Helpless in the face of disease and suffering made people turn to superstition for comfort. Paragraph 10: Fire was another element in the background to the beliefs of superstition. Paragraph 11: Religion and its powerful rituals gave life to superstition.
The second part consists of paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, in which the author points out people in our time are more interested in finding out the causes of superstitions. (We don’t take superstitions for granted.)
First part Paragraph 1-2 Second part Paragraph 3-5 Third part Paragraph 6-8 Fourth part Paragraph 9-11
Structure
The first part of the article consists of the first two paragraphs, in which the author states his idea: superstition is an outward expression of the tensions and anxieties as it struggles in his life. Two ideas are discussed:
Paragraph 3 gives an example of mistletoe. Paragraph 4 explains the cause of the superstition about mistletoe—to express true love. Paragraph 5 says that we want to know the causes of every superstition.
The third part consists of paragraph 6, 7, and 8. The author analyzes the background out of which superstition grew—life was hazardous.
Paragraph 6 gives a general description of the society: 1) People’s main concern was food. 2) The grater part of people lived in rural areas. 3) The difference between rich and poor was marked. 4) Most people were uneducated. Paragraph 7: Life was hazardous, and people’s preoccupation was to explain for and relieve misfortune. Paragraph 8: Living in these times was like jumping from the frying pan into the fire. 1) plagues 2) poor harvests 3) combination of the two
Translation
Every age pays attention to the ancient superstitions according to a certain subtle fashion, very often knowing nothing about the original sources from which they derived. (Paragraph one Line1) 每个时代都会以某种微妙的方式推崇一些古代迷信，而往 往对这些迷信的来源一无所知。 Above all, superstitions remain as outward expressions of the tensions and anxieties that hold sway over humanity as it struggles down the corridor of life from birth to death, full of change and uncertainty. (P Two L 14) 最重要的是，人类在从生到死的生命长廊里为充满变数而 又无法预知的一生进行挣扎的过程中，始终被紧张和焦虑 困扰。而迷信的延承正是人类紧张和焦虑的外在表现。