UnitAFewKindforSuperstition课文翻译
Unit 5 A Few Kind Words for Superstition Teaching Plan 教案
Unit 5A Few Kind Words for SuperstitionTeaching PlanLearning Objectives1)Rhetorical skill: clarification with anecdotes and examples2)Key language & grammar points3)Writing strategies: classification and division4)Theme: superstition from different perspectivesPre-class Activity: none.Relationship to Current Unit:Materials: Teacher’s Book (6), English-English Dictionary, Blackboard, PPTEstimated Time of Lesson: 270m, 6 sessionsTime Allocation:P 1-21.Pre-reading: playing games / word puzzle / picture activation / short stories 10m2.Global Reading: text introduction, culture notes, author, structure 15m3.Detailed Reading (a): Text I: Paragraph 1-4 65mP 3-44.Detailed Reading (b): Text I: Paragraph 5-12 90mP 5-65.Consolidation Activities (a): Text Comprehension; Writing Strategies 20m6.Consolidation Activities (b): Language work; Oral Activities; Writing 70m7.Further Enhancement (Optional): Text II / Other Comprehensive PracticesSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Picture ActivationWhat’s your sign? And do you believe in horoscope?II. Pre- reading Questions1. People are more or less superstitious. For example, we Chinese all think that the numbers “six” and “eight” can bring good luck, while “four” and “thirteen” are unfavoured numbers. What’s your favourite number? Why do you like it?Open for discussion.2. It’s well known that different colours have quite different connotations in different cultures. For example, “yellow” in Chinese is assoc iated with pornography, while in most English-speaking countries it connotes cowardice. Can you give some other examples of this kind?Open for discussion.Section Two Global ReadingI. Text IntroductionThe text is developed by means of the author’s classification of the four types of superstition, and his explanation of its history, popularity and characteristics, and thereasons for people’s fascination with it. Davies uses a variety of examples in every paragraph, with the exception of the first two paragraphs, to develop the text. These examples include anecdotes, facts and personal experiences. In many of these examples we notice the words “a deeply learned professor,” “another learned professor,” “Dr. Samuel Johnson,” “a good scientist.” All this helps to build the impression that superstition is not only for the naive and ignorant but it is also “alive and flourishing among the people who are indisputably rational and learned.”II. Culture Notestranscendental meditation (Paragraph 1)Transcendental meditation (超脱禅定法) is a technique of meditation derived from Hindu traditions that calms the mind and promotes deep relaxation through the use of a mantra (符咒), a sacred verbal formula repeated in prayer, meditation, or incantation (符咒，咒语), such as an invocation(祈祷) of a god, a magic spell, or a syllable or portion of scripture containing mystical potentialities.Transcendental meditation is unique and fundamentally different from any other systems of meditation and relaxation. Over 5 million people around the world have learned the technique since it was founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in 1957.enlightenment (Paragraph 1)In Hinduism and Buddhism, enlightenment is the highest spiritual state that can be achieved. It is a blessed state in which the individual transcends desire and suffering and attains Nirvana, the ineffable ultimate in which one has attained disinterested wisdom and compassion.Vain Observances (Paragraph 3)An observance is an act performed for religious or ceremoni al reasons. Here “vain” roughly means “proud.” Not walking under a ladder is a vain observance because people believe that they should not be humble in front of the Devil.I Ching (Paragraph 4)The I Ching (or Book of Changes《易经》), is an ancient Chinese divination manual and book of wisdom that offers slightly ambiguous advice on how to act. Especially since the 1960s, its poetic text and extraordinary symbolism —to say nothing of its strange effectiveness in divination —have gained it a following in the West. The I Ching was traditionally held to be written by the legendary Chinese Emperor Fu Hsi (伏羲) (2953 B.C.–2838 B.C.). It is possible that the I Ching originated from a prehistoric divination technique which dates back as far as 5000 B.C. Further commentaries were added byKing Wen and the Duke of Chou in the 11th century B.C.Dr. Samuel Johnson (Paragraph 8)(1709–1784) English poet, essayist, critic, journalist, lexicographer, conversationalist, regarded as one of the outstanding figures of 18th century life and letters. Johnson became Doctor Johnson when Dublin University gave him the honorary degree in 1765.Orthodox Jews (Paragraph 9)Orthodox Judaism (正统的犹太教) is the branch of Judaism that is governed by adherence to the Torah (《旧约》的首五卷，即摩西五经) as interpreted in the Talmud (《塔木德经》，犹太古代法典). It is the oldest form of Judaism practiced by Jews. Orthodox Jews are Jews who believe in Orthodox Judaism.Melanesian (Paragraph 9)Melanesia is a division of Oceania in the southwest Pacific Ocean comprising the islands northeast of Australia and south of the equator. It includes the Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, the Bismarck Archipelago, various other island groups, and sometimes New Guinea. Melanesian is a member of any of the indigenous peoples of Melanesia.Roman Catholic (Paragraph 11)The Roman Catholic Church sees itself as instituted by Jesus Christ for the salvation of souls. It accomplishes this goal through teaching and through the administration of sacraments, including baptism, the Eucharist, and the forgiveness of sins, through which God grants grace to the believer. The teaching authority or magisterium of the Church bases its teachings on both Scripture and apostolic tradition. As well as ordained secular clergy, the Church encourages monasticism, and has many orders of monks, friars and nuns who live in celibacy, and devote their lives entirely to God. Other religious practices include fasting, prayer, penance, pilgrimage and meditation.Battle of the Boyne (Paragraph 11)No year in Irish history is better known than 1690. No Irish battle is more famous than the Battle of the Boyne. The Boyne is a river of eastern Ireland flowing about 113 km (70 miles) to the Irish Sea. In the Battle of the Boyne on July 1, 1690, the armies of King William III (Prince of Orange, a Dutch-speaking Protestant) defeated the forces of James II (a Roman Catholic who had lost the throne of England in the bloodless “Glorious Revolution” of 1688), who fled to France. The Battle of the Boyne is recalled each July in the celebrations of the Orange Order, not on the first day but on “the Twelfth,” for eleven days were lost with the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752.Orangemen (Paragraph 11)In Northern Ireland, a solely Protestant organization called the Orange Order was founded in County Armagh, in 1795, in opposition to the Defenders, a Catholic secret society. It was a revival of the Orange Institution founded in 1688 to support William III of Orange, whose victory over the Catholic James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 has been commemorated annually by Protestants in parades since 1796. Orangeman is a member of one of the Ulster Protestant Orange societies founded in Northern Ireland in 1795 to maintain the political and religious ascendancy of Protestantism.gypsy (Paragraph 12)A member of a race of people, originally from Asia, who travel around and traditionally live in caravans. Many gypsy groups have preserved elements of their traditional culture, including an itinerant existence, tribal organization, and the Romany language.III. AuthorRobertson Davies, one of Canada’s foremost writers of plays, novel s, and satire, was born on August 28, 1913, in the small village of Thamesville, Ontario. He was educated at Upper Canada College, Queen’s University, and earned a degree in literature from Oxford. After a few years in theatrical life, he shifted into journalism, as the literary editor of Saturday Night magazine, and later the editor of the Peterborough Examiner. During this period, he began to write plays, and then novels, starting with Tempest-Tost in 1951. He wrote 10 other novels, grouped into trilogies, as well as many plays. In 1961, Davies was appointed Master of Massey College at the University of Toronto, the post where he remained until his retirement. He died on December 2, 1995, at the age of 82.IV. Structural AnalysisPart 1(Paras. 1-2) the introductory part which tells of people’s different reactions to superstition and the rampant superstition among learned peoplePart 2(Paras. 3-6) the description and explanation of the four manifestations of superstition Part 3(Paras. 7-8) the relationship between superstition and psychology, religion and science Part 4(Paras. 9-11) the persistent popularity of superstition and its reasonPart 5(Para. 12) concluding remarksSection Three Detailed ReadingA FEW KIND WORDS FOR SUPERSTITIONRobertson DaviesI. AnalysisParagraphs 1-2 AnalysisThe two paragraphs make up the introductory part which tells of people’s different reactions to superstition and the rampant superstition among learned people.Paragraphs 3-6 AnalysisFrom Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6 the author describes and explains one by one the four manifestations of superstition. What is worth our notice is that all the examples used in these paragraphs are about learned people, either professors or college students, thus proving that superstition is not a preserve of the ignorant and naïvé.Paragraph 7 AnalysisAfter he describes the four forms of superstition, the author goes on to explore its history and its relevance to human psychology.Paragraph 8 AnalysisThis paragraph tells us that superstition has a spell that somewhat differs from religion and cannot be dispelled by science.Paragraphs 9-10 AnalysisIn these two paragraphs, the author points out one of the characteristics of superstition —its persistent popularity, regardless of time, race, creed and even modern science.Paragraph 11 AnalysisIn this paragraph, the author provides his own explanation of why superstition has been so popular —it has to do with “man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in dec iding it.”Paragraph 12 AnalysisIn this concluding paragraph, the author admits that as a human being he could not be left untouched when superstition prevails, hence “Now, I am humbler.”II. Questions for ParagraphsParagraphs 1-2: QuestionWhat is the common assumption about people who believe in superstition? How does the author discredit this assumption?It is commonly assumed that people who believe in superstition are usually ignorant and naïvé. But the author notices the flourishing superstition among many learned people in his university.Paragraph 3: QuestionWhat does the author imply when he says “... he did not smile until I asked him what he was doing”?The implication is that the learned professor truly believed in what he was doing and performed the whole thing seriously.Paragraph 4: QuestionHow should the expression “Almost, but not quite” be interpreted in its context?This expression, which is an elliptical sentence, is a response to the preceding statement “... their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.” The author suggests that the education they have received may not be able to help them to completely get rid of superstition.Paragraph 5: QuestionWhy did the examination candidates have the third form of superstition?Because they believed that some particular objects would bring them good luck in examinations.Paragraph 6: QuestionWhy did the engineering student tuck a $2 bill under a candlestick in the chapel?Because he believed that God was bribable and hoped that the money would gain some help from Him.Paragraph 7: QuestionWhat does the author say about the Latin word “supersisto” in relation to human psychology?The Latin word “supersisto” means “standing in terror of the Deity.” The author believes that superstition finds its way to the human heart, because people cannot root out terror although they can manage to keep it within bounds.Paragraph 8: Questions1. Why does the author mention the psychoanalysts?The author suggests that scientists might be able to provide reasonable explanations for superstition, but they cannot root it out.2. Which of the four forms of superstition does the case of Dr. Samuel Johnson belong to?The case of Dr. Samuel Johnson falls into the first category — Vain Observances.Paragraph 9: QuestionHow does the author prove that people of all races are superstitious?By supplying examples of the Orthodox Jews, the Chinese, people in Middle Europe and the Melanesians, the author proves that superstit ions “have risen from a depth of the human mind” and therefore have the same appeal to all human beings.Paragraph 10: QuestionWhy does the author mention astrology?The author uses this example to show that superstition is indifferent to time and science, because it has been popular all the time, whether in ancient Rome or in contemporary society, whether in sober newspapers or fashion magazines.Paragraph 11: QuestionWhy, in the final analysis, are people so fascinated with superstition?According to the author, it is due to people’s yearning to know their fate and to have some power to control it.Paragraph 12: QuestionWhat does the author mean by “Now, I am humbler” after he relates his personal experience?The author means that when he was a university student he was not superstitious. In fact he thought what he did with the gypsy woman was simply a joke. But now, after his description and analysis of the various forms of superstition with all kinds of people throughout history, he finds that there is some rationality in it.III. Language Work of ParagraphsParagraph 1“In grave discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.”Paraphrase：In serious discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, people don’t think that superstition is a great threat to reason or science.figure v. to believe that something is true, although you do not know for certain;used for saying that something seems reasonablee.g. Their names did not figure as potential helpers.I never figured that this would happen.It figures.UFOsUFO is an abbreviation for “unidentified flying object.” It is an object seen flying in the sky or landing on the Earth that cannot be identified, and is often believed to be a vehicle from another planet.instant enlightenmentenabling people to get great understanding or knowledge in a magical and incredibly fast way“an unacknowledged hold on so many of us”Paraphrase：unrecognized influence over so many of usParagraph 2“... I see superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned.” Paraphrase：... I see four ways in which superstition shows itself, very actively, among those people who are undoubtedly reasonable and well-educated.flourish vi. to be very successful; to grow well and be healthye.g. Four years ago, the country’s tourist industry was flourishing.Watercolor painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.Nothing seems to flourish in my garden —perhaps the soil’s too poor. Paragraph 3... when I asked him why, he replied, with a wink, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”Paraphrase：... when I asked him why he threw salt over his shoulder, he answered, jokingly, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”wink n. the action of quickly closing and opening one eye as a sign to someonee.g. He gave me a conspiratorial wink as they left the room.I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night with that party going on next door. Paragraph 4a humble appeal to Fate to declare itselfa modest request for Fate to reveal itself“There are thousands of people on this continent who appeal to the I Ching, and their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.” Paraphrase：There are thousands of people on this continent who are fascinated by the I Ching, and their level of education seems high enough to free them from superstition.appeal vi. if something appeals to you, you like it or want ite.g. I’ve never been skiing —it doesn’t really appeal to me.I think what appeals to me about his painting is the colors he uses.absolve vt. (especially in religion or law) to state officially that someone is free of any blame or responsibility in a particular mattere.g. The priest absolved him of all his sins.The report absolved her from / of all blame for the accident.Paragraph 5modest idolatryIdolatry is the practice of worshipping idols. It sometimes means too much admiration for someone or something. Here it refers to the students’ unreasonable belief in the “bringers of luck.” “Modest idolatry” concedes that the good luck charms mentioned are only a moderate form of idolatry before going on to insist that they remain idolatry nonetheless.Paragraph 6“... he did not think he was pricing God cheap ...”Paraphrase:... he didn’t feel that offering God two dollars for help was too little ...“Investigation revealed that an engineering student, worried about a girl, thought that bribery of the Deity might help.”Paraphrase：Investigation disclosed that a student majoring in engineering, worried about a girl, thought God might help him if he could offer Him money.bribery n.the crime of giving money or presents to someone so that they will help you by doing something dishonest or illegale.g. The organization was rife with bribery and corruption.He was accused of accepting/taking bribes from wealthy businessmen.I tried to bribe my brother into disappearing for the afternoon by offering himthe use of my carParagraph 7a submerged river of crude religionBy this metaphor the author suggests that superstition is an invisible force (a submerged river) that is in some way like religion.“Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.”Paraphrase：Most people can control their terror, but they cannot get rid of it, and they don’t seem to want to do so.bound n. (pl. bounds) limits that affect and control what can happen or what people are able to doe.g. The committee felt that newspaper coverage of the murder went beyondreasonable bounds.What you did was outside the bounds of acceptable behavior.His desire for political power apparently knows no bounds.root out：to find something bad or illegal and get rid of ite.g. Action is being taken to root out corruption in the police force.Mr. Smith has been appointed to root out cheating in the examinations.Paragraph 8“The more ..., the less ...”Explanation：The sentence implies that religion is not as powerful as it used to be. By contrast, the subsequent sentence indicates that superstition prevails and persists among all kinds of people, ranging from ignorant young children to learned scholars.“It may persist even among the greatly learned and devout ...”Paraphrase：Even many greatly learned and devout people may also be superstitious ...persist vi.to continue to do or say something in a determined way; if something bad persists, it continues to exist or happene.g. If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.If she refuses to answer your phone calls, just persist until she does answer.The Weather Center predicted that the cold weather would persist throughoutthe week.Paragraph 9“Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that t hey must have risen from a depth of the human mind that is indifferent to race or creed.” Paraphrase：Many superstitions are so common and so old that they must have been deeply rooted in the human mind. They have nothing to do with race or religious belief.indifferent adj. lacking interest in something, or lacking sympathy with someonee.g. He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.Why don’t you vote — how can you be so indifferent to what is going on?... that far antedates the religions ...Paraphrase：... that has a much longer history than the religions ...Paragraph 10“...the fashion magazines count them among their most popular features.” Paraphrase：... astrology columns are considered one of the highlights of the fashionmagazines.count v.to consider someone or something in a particular waye.g. The Grand Canyon is generally counted as one of the most spectacular sights inthe USA.I’ve always counted Lucy among my closest friends.Gone with the Wind has always been counted among my favorite movies.“When has the heart of man given a damn for science?”Paraphrase：The heart of man has never cared about science at all.Note that this is a rhetorical question.Paragraph 11“Superstition in general is linked to man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it.”Paraphrase：Generally speaking, superstition is connected to man’s desire to know his fate, and to find some way to control it.yearn vi. to have a strong desire for somethinge.g. Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval.Sometimes I just yearn to be alone.I suppose it’s because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for openspaces.hand n. controle.g. Susan has a firm hand on everything that goes on in the office.Things got a little out of hand at the party and three windows were broken.How come there’s a problem? I thought you had everything in hand. Paragraph 12“I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter ...” Paraphrase：As far as superstition is concerned, I am not much different from others ...aloof adj. someone who is aloof, or who remains or stays aloof from something, is not friendly or does not want to be involved in somethinge.g. She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy.Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof.She kept herself aloof from her husband’s business.“Now, I am humbler.”Paraphrase：Now I am no longer so proud. / Now I am not so sure that it was simply ajoke.humble adj.not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people’s; having a low social class or positione.g. a humble apology/cottage/personone’s humble backgroundof humble birthWelcome to our humble abode.In my humble opinion we should never have bought the car in the first place.Section Four Further EnchantmentI. Lead-in QuestionsDo you believe in fortune-teller? Why or why not?Open for discussion.Text IITHE FORTUNE-TELLERJ.B. StamperII. NotesAbout the authorJ.B. Stamper, an American writer who is noted for Midnight Hour stories, aimed especially at childrenMr. Peebles himself was a far too reasonable man to be interested in hocus-pocus like this ... (Paragraph 3)Mr. Peebles himself was a very reasonable man who showed no interest in magic or trickery like this ... Hocus-pocus is a method or belief that is based on false ideas.His eyes were riveted on the crystal ball ... (Paragraph 8)He fixed his eyes on the crystal ball ...pour out what had been haunting him (Paragraph 16)tell the fortune-teller all about what had been worrying himThere was a death jinx on him. (Paragraph 35)He was doomed to die. A jinx is something that brings back luck.shuffled his feet (Paragraph 41)walked very slowly and noisily without lifting his feet off the groundDeath had him in a stranglehold ... (Paragraph 42)Death had complete control over him ...A stranglehold is a strong hold around someone’s neck that stops him or her from breathing.bore down on him (Paragraph 43)moved quickly towards himIII. Fun Time & Memorable Quotesa). Fun Timeplay the videob). Memorable quotes"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind."— Albert Einstein"If you lose money you lose much, If you lose friends you lose more, If you lose faith you lose all."— Eleanor Roosevelt"A superstition is a premature explanation that overstays its time."— George Iles。
Unit 5 A Few Kind Words for Superstition
belief or notion not based on reason or knowledge
reasonless).
refers to folk beliefs deemed irrational (unreasonable,
Super-nature/ apparition [,æpə'riʃən] (ghost)幽灵；幻影；鬼怪
Western superstition
Black cat:
Black cats crossing the street in front of you cause bad luck.
Walking under the ladder Walking under the ladder causes bad luck •Breaking a mirror will bring you seven
comet
土耳其蓝眼睛坠子「Evil Eye」 阿拉伯捍煞之手Hamsa Hand手链
voo-doo dolls 巫毒人偶
Clay hamsa on a wall, to protect the inhabitants from harm 捍煞之手(Hamsa Hand) –India 阿拉伯
Voodooism 伏都教，又译“巫毒教”，源于非洲西部
superstitious?
Can you give an example of superstition?
Why do people still cling to superstition
handed down through the centuries?
Superstition [,sju:pə'stiʃən]
现代大学英语精读1 UNIT8 The Kindness of Strangers 课文翻译
20141018第八单元Translation of Text A陌生人的仁慈1 一个夏天，我正驱车从我的家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍湖市前往新奥尔良。
行驶到沙漠中部时，我遇到了一个正站在路边的年轻人。
他竖起拇指请求搭车，另一只手里握着一个汽油罐。
我径直从他身边开了过去。
在这个国家曾经有一个时期，如果你对一个需要帮助的人置之不理，那你就被认为是一个愚蠢的人。
但现在，你帮助了别人，你就是一个愚蠢的人。
由于到处隐藏着歹徒、吸毒成瘾者、强奸犯和小偷，“我不想惹麻烦”就成了民族的箴言2 驶过了几个州后，我仍然在想着那个搭便车的旅行者。
把他束手无策留在沙漠并没有让我太烦扰。
让我烦扰的是，我是多么轻易的就下了这个决定。
我甚至都没有把脚从加速器上抬起来。
3 还会有人再停下来么？我很想知道。
我想起布兰奇-杜包尔斯的著名的台词“我总是非常依赖陌生人的仁慈”。
如今还会有人依赖陌生人的仁慈检验此事的一个方法就是让一个人不带钱，只依靠美国同胞的好心，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去旅行。
他将发现什么样的美国人呢？谁将会给他食物、提供住处、载他一路？4 这个想法激起我的好奇心。
5 在我步入37岁的那周，我意识到在我的一生中还从未冒过险。
因此我决定身无分文的从太平洋到大西洋旅行。
在这个金钱万能的国家，这将会是一次不花钱的旅行。
我将只接受别人提供的搭车、食物以及休息场所。
我最终的目的地将是被卡罗莱纳周的恐怖角，这是我整个旅行要克服的所有恐惧的一个象征。
6 1994年9月6日，我早早的起了床，动身前往金门桥。
我背上背了50镑重的行李和一个向过往的车辆展示我此行目的地的标牌“美国”。
7 六周的时间，我免费搭车82次，穿越了14个省4223英里。
当我旅行时，人们总是提醒我关于其他地方的事情。
在蒙大拿州，他们告诉我要提防怀俄明州的牛仔。
在内布拉斯加州，他们说艾奥瓦州的人不像他们那么友好。
然而，我所到之处受到的是善意的款待。
我对于人们欣然帮助一个陌生人而感到吃惊，甚至当这些行为与他们自己的利益背道而驰的时候。
Unit 7 A Few Kind Words for Superstition.ppt
• The implication is that the learned professor truly believed in what he was doing and performed the whole thing seriously.
• What is the common assumption about people who believe in superstition? How does the author discredit this assumption?
• It is commonly assumed that people who believe in superstition are usually ignorant and naïve. But the author notices the flourishing superstition among many learned people in his university.
Unit 7 A Few Kind Words for Superstition
Warm-up Questions:
• 1．Give an example of superstition either handed down from one’s family tradition, or arising from your own mind or from other sources, and explain the irrationality in it.
英语精读笔记U5-1A Few Kind Words for superstition
P11,graveAdj：serious；{乐}slow Noun：坟墓，死亡，堆积处Life beyond the grave来世Dig one’s own~自掘坟墓As silent/quiet as the grave寂静无声Take the secret to the~至死保密2，renaissanceN：文艺复兴（文化/风格）；复兴再生Cinema-going is enjoying sth of a renaissance。
去电影院看电影又有点流行了3，irrationalA：not logical or reasonableNot endowed with the power of reason失去理性的He had an~belief that everybody was his enemy荒谬的N:无理数，无理量，不尽根4，figureVi，（1）guess，think（2）~sth/sb out=understandI~ed on being there at95，meditationN，（1）冥思（2）默念，默想I left him in deep meditationThe book is a meditation on the morality of art.探讨His later letters are intense~s on man’s exploitation of his fellows他后期的书信深刻的思考了人对同类的剥削To practice meditation静坐默思Meditation posture can stimulate your body energyV，meditateto meditate on/upon sthA，meditative6，UFO=unidentified flying object7,enlightenmentN，启迪What~can you get from the text?V,enlighten~sb on/about sthan~ing program有启迪性的节目8，condemnVt，谴责~sb for sthWe all~cruelty to childrenIf children live with criticism,they learn to condemn.在指责中长大的孩子易于怨天尤人N Condemnation Deplore（1）Condemn（2）Regret strongly外交辞令中谴责用deploreDeplorable恶劣的极坏的What's the trait you most deplore in yourself？你最不喜欢你自己哪点？9，an unacknowledged hold on sb=an unrecognized control/influence on sbP21，admit to（介词)sth/being sth2，implyVt暗示，暗指，意指salesmen who use jargon to~superior knowledge用行业术语暗示自己知识高人一等的销售The report~ies that two million jobs might be lost.报告暗示可能会有200万人失业infer推断，推论inferable adj3，naivete n.=naive adjLack of sophistication or worldliness4，ignorance ignorant adjN,lake of knowledge or informationHe acted in~of basic procedures.他对基本程序一无所知就行动了5，flourishV，（1）（人，动植物）茂盛，繁荣Wild plants flourish on the banks of the lake.迅速发展，兴旺，成功The organization has continued to flourish.该机构继续发展壮大（人）处于事业鼎盛期of this century活跃在本世纪初的那位漫画家兼幽默家（2）人挥舞物以引起注意，炫耀“Happy New Year”he yelled,flourishing a bottle of whisky.他挥动着威士忌酒瓶喊着：新年好6,manifestationN:表现形式，化身The butterfly was one of the many~s of the goddess.蝴蝶是女神的众多化身之一。
高级英语第六册翻译
高级英语第六册翻译Unit 2 A Class Act1.成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。
2.然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。
他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。
我强壮而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。
为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了偶尔在小巷组织的拳击比赛。
至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。
即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。
3.尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。
尽管妈妈勤俭持家/省吃俭用，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。
4.由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。
很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。
尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。
所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。
5.虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。
6.每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。
为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交际舞会。
我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。
7.然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。
不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会气愤。
千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为保护我而与老师大打出手。
Unit5 A Few Kind Words for Superstition exercises
Unit 5 A Few Kind Words for SuperstitionComprehension Questions:1. According to the author, how is superstition viewed in comparison with other irrational beliefs and practices?According to the author, superstition is not taken as a serious challenge to reason and science and is merely deplored. By comparison, other irrationals such as parapsychology, UFOs, miracle cures, transcendental meditation and all the paths to instant enlightenment are condemned.2. What does the author say about the history of superstition and its relation with human emotions?According to the author, superstition may have a history as long as any chronicle of human behavior. Superstition, by definition, is related with people’s terror which they cannot root out, nor do they want to do so.3. How does superstition differ from religion?Superstition appears naturally in one’s early life and its impact tends to persist, while the impact of religion may diminish when God becomes a watchful, minatory power. Superstition has arisen from a depth of the human mind and can be adopted and practiced by all people regardless of their races and creeds, while religions have no place for such comforting little ceremonies and charities.4. What does the author hope to convey about superstition when he makes remarks on science and the Western world today?The author intends to say that science could do little to change people’s belief in superstition. Superstition is as popular today in the Western world as in Roman times.5. In the author’s vie w, why are people so fascinated with superstition?People are fascinated with superstition because they yearn to know their fate and wish to have some control over it.IV Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.Religion seems to be a watchful dog with a threatening appearance and becomes lesscomforting when it loses its credibility or when it distances itself from its traditional religious beliefs by taking a sociological form.2.Generally, superstition has something to do with man’s strong desire to know what willhappen to him in the future and his wish to have some control over his fate.Language workI Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. has an unrecognized control over2. unquestionably3.things that are supposed to certain some power to bring good luck4. was offering God too little money5. get rid of it completely6. comes into being7. do away with8. according to science it is false, not believable9. have some control in10. keep a distance fromTranslation I❖ 1.孩子们是天真烂漫的，她们都向往真善美的东西。
高级英语课后答案(期末考试总复习)
Unit 1 A Class Act2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1). Johnny is so ingenious (ingenuity) — he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials.2). So what is his prescription (prescribe) for success?3). I cannot allow any relaxation (relax) of the rules.4). All pupils are expected to attend the school assembly (assemble).5). She has the most adorable (adore) two-year-old daughter.6). To the mortification (mortify) of the show’s organizers, t he top performers withdrew at the last minute.7). She was wearing a black suit trimmed (trim) with white.8). I didn’t know what to say — I just offered a few words of consolation (console).9). I didn’t want to lose my composure (compose) in front of her.10). She looked a bit dejected (dejection) when she was told that she hadn’t got the job.3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.drag into | speak up for | rife with | of one’s own accordration out | single out | trudge through | beside oneselfin place | on the warpath | see through | comply with1). The office was rife with rumors.2). Ann rationed out the cake between the children.3). The arrangements are all in place for the concert next Thursday.4). There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.5). The course would take me three years to complete, but I was determined to see it through.6). She has often spoken up for the rights of working mothers.7). If there was one thing she couldn’t face in the morning it was her mother on the warpath.8). He was beside himself with grief when she died.9). Don’t drag me into your argument! It has nothing to do with me.10). I spent the whole weekend trudging through this report, and I still haven’t finished reading it.11). She came of her own accord. No one asked her to come.12). It’s not fair the way my sister is always singled out for special treatment.IV. Translation1).这家公司是由几名有事业心的年轻人创立的。
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U n i t5A F e w K i n d W o r d f o r S u p e r s t i t i o n 引言中文译文
本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。
为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。
尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。
戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。
1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。
超心理学、
不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。
难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。
2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。
但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些
无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。
3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。
他们称第一种方式为镇邪
压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。
我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。
当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。
”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。
4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。
我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。
为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。
几乎如此，但并非完全如此。
令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。
5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。
你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会
知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。
这算是适度的膜拜吧?否则又能称作什么呢？
6. 第四种是真神错敬。
前不久，我听说学校教堂圣坛烛台底下，连续几天每天都有人塞一张两元的
钞票(在加拿大我们有两元纸币，有些人认为它是不吉利的)。
调查发现，某工程专业的学生由于替一
位女孩担心，以为这样贿赂神灵或许有助于为她消灾解难。
当我与他交谈的时候，他不认为自己供奉给神的钱太少，因为再多他付不起。
他的辩解听上去不无道理，但那一周上帝或许有些得意，因为科学占卜对那学生不利。
7. 作为原始宗教的一条暗河，迷信似乎流淌在人类意识的表层之下。
自从有了人类行为的记载以
来，它便这样流淌着。
尽管我不能予以证明，但我不信现今迷信比以往任何时候都更为盛行。
神学家告诉我们，“迷信”一词源于拉丁文supersisto,意即对神灵的畏惧。
虽然大多数人都能控制这种畏惧，但他们却不能将其根除，而且他们似乎也不想那么做。
8. 正统宗教的教化衰落越严重或者越社会化，大众就越难将上帝视为“仁爱之神”，这个“仁爱之神”要重新担起他原先那明察万物且威慑人心的角色，需要抚慰与哄骗。
当孩子们害怕踩到人行道上的裂缝后就会有厄运降临之时，迷信很早便在他们的人生之中出现了，而且明显是不请自来。
迷信甚至还会潜藏于那些极为博学和虔诚的人群中间，例如塞缪尔·约翰逊博士，他在街上经过柱子，总觉得有必要摸摸它们。
心理分析家对此自然有其解释，但将这类迷信称为强迫症并不能将其驱除。
9. 许多迷信不仅范围广泛，而且历史久远，这必定源于人类灵魂的深处，这灵魂的深处与人种或者
信条无关。
正统的犹太教徒会在他们的门柱上挂护身符，中国人也这么做，或曾经这么做过。
中欧有些
国家的人认为，当一个人打喷嚏的时候，他的灵魂会暂时出窍，别人要赶紧为他祈福，以免他的灵魂被恶魔掳走。
美拉尼西亚人缘何会有同样的说法呢？迷信似乎与某种信仰体系有关联，而这要远早于我们所知道的宗教——那种没有宽慰人心的短小仪式和仁慈施舍的宗教。
10. 那些热衷历史上诡怪仪式的人们还记得，罗马帝国衰落时,迷信反而变本加厉，更为昌盛。
现今，
西方世界也正发生着类似的情况。
人们谈到了星相的流行，就连那些不屑做春药广告的严肃报纸也开辟了星相专栏，时尚杂志更将其列为最受欢迎版面。
不过话说回来, 星相什么时候没有盛行过？说它不
科学毫无用处。
人的内心什么时候真正在乎过科学？
11. 迷信通常关系到人类了解命运、掌握命运的渴望。
我母亲在孩提时代就天真地加入她的罗马天主
教朋友之列，在7月11日屠杀蜘蛛，直到后来她才明白这么做是为了确保次日（即波依恩战役纪念日）天降甘霖，届时爱尔兰新教徒将举行游行。
我认识一位意大利人，他是个不错的科学家。
每天早晨出门之前，他都要观察一番，以确保他遇到的第一个人不是牧师或者修女，因为他认为这必将带来厄运。
对于这种事，我不会以高傲的姿态远离人群。
当我还是个大学生的时候，有位怀抱小孩的吉卜赛妇女每年考试期间都会现身，并向所有触摸“幸运儿”的学生讨要一个先令。
我在这个肤色黝黑的孩子身上总共花了四先令，而且考试从来没有不及格过。
当然，我当时那么做只是好玩，或者我当时是那样想的。
现在我可谦卑多了。