外文翻译----- Freescale单片机在汽车控制中的应用

附录A原文：FreescaleSingle-chip Microcomputer 'sin automobile control applicationFreescale has the rich micro processing unit (MCU), but widely uses in the automobile electrically controlled engine, the automobile body, the crew member safety, the vehicle door and the chair, the glass, ventilation and air conditioning, skylightand light control, automobile local area network's gateway, communication facility, global positioning system and in other automobile control unit. Its product mainly includes 8/16 bit micro controller (including HC08/HCS08, HC12/HCS12 and so on), 32 bit micro controllers (including PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM and so on)1. 8 bit Single-chip Microcomputer MC68HC11F1 and application1.1 Characteristicsof MC68HC11F18 bit micro controllerMC68HC11F1 is high performance flash memory technology low cost chip based on the CPU of 8 bit HC08 the CPU . Its dozens of kind of different specification's product may cause the user to make a choice conveniently, the superior price performance ratio may cause the cost of the automobile electronic products to be more inexpensive.Chief feature of MC68HC11F1 : Two kind of power saving mode, stop and waiting; working normal in 3.0-5.0V voltage ; 0, 256b, 512b or 768b in on-chip RAM, Data of RAM will be retained in standby; 0, 12kb or 20kb inon-chip RAM or EPROM; Serical Communication InterfaceSCI,8 channel, 8 bit A/D transducer ; 16 bit timer systems; 8 bit pulse accumulators, real-time interrupt electric circuit and so on.1.2 MC68HC11F1is employed inin automobile electronic control systemSince Marelli simple point electronic fuel injectionn engine management system is promoted based on MC68HC11F1,our country Shenyang gold cup sea lion passenger car , the gold cup China passenger vehicle, AnhuiChery passenger vehicle, the Tianjin Xiali passenger vehicle and so on has used this kind of engine management system . Below to take gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit for an example, I introducesMC68HC11F1 employed inin automobile electronic control system.1.2.1 Compositions of systemAs shown in Figure 1, gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit is mainly composed of the below part:1.Electric circuit's control core MC68HC11F1 (CPU), is Freescale 8 bit MCU of automobile special-purpose ;2.Tristate bus driver 74HC244 with enable, is the switch of status information input for air conditioning, oil pump, EVAP solenoid valve, idling motor and so on ;3.8 groups rises along D trigger74HC273 with reset , isdriving signaltake-off valves for idling motor, host relay, trouble lamp, air conditioning relay power and so on;4. 512kb 8 bit read-only memory M27C512, uses for to save computer's master routine.Figure 1 gold cup simple point Marelli logic circui1.2.2 principles of workPuting through the power source, power source chip L9710 starts to provide the work power source and sensor's reference voltage, the 8th foot output the low electric potential reset signal and delivers to reset end of the CPU, simultaneously delivers to zero clearing end of 74HC273 to makeits output end reset , CPU to enter launching state.First carries on the replacement to the internal hardware, establishes corresponding register, then starts Boot loader procedure, carries on the procedure loading. Reads master routineintheM27C512 in internal RAM , and enters run condition of the progr amthrough the skipping instruction. The master routine outputs logic “1” (high electric potential) through data bus D2 , after this signal is locked by the 74HC273 outputingthe high electric potential control signal from the 6th foot,makes the main relay go through，Adds the 12V power source to the external instrumentation such as the fuel injector the ignition coil and so on . Then readin rotational speed signal and the exterior sensor signal through PA, PE, to judgethe vehicles current operating condition, and according to the current operating mode outputs the corresponding driving signalfrom PD, PG mouth and the data bus ( locked by the 74HC273 )to make the equipment enter the running status . Again reads in the corresponding equipment's status messagesthrough PA, PD, PG and the data bus (drived by the 74HC244 ), carries on the comparison withcontrol rule chart of the M27C512 , tooptimizate and adjustignition timing and spurts oil system's control. The logic circuit, the sensor and the implementing agency constitutionmake up of closed-loop control system to make the engine be at the optimum condition.2. 16 Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256 and application2.1 Characteristics of MC9S12DP256MC9S12DP256 is high speed, the high performance, 5.0V the Flash memory's 16 bit micro controllers which based on 16 bit HCS12 CPU and 0.25 um microelectronic technology . Its high performance-to-price ratio is suitable in some upscale automobile control system, the simple background development pattern will also further reduce the development cost , simultaneously also will cause the scene development and the system upgrade becomes more convenient.Basic frequency of MC9S12DP256 reached as high as 25 MHz, many standard modules are also integrated on the piece, including 2 Serical Communication Interface ,3 Serial Peripheral Interface, 8 channels the timer input capture/output comparison ,2 of ten bit 8 channels conversion module of A/D,one of 8 channels Pulse Width Modulate, 49 of independent digit I/O mouth (which of 20 have the function of the external interrupt and awakens), combined 5 of CAN module with CAN2.0A/B agreement as well as a internal IC bus module; Its internal has 256kb Flash EEPRROM, 12kb RAM, 4kb EEPROM.2.2 MC9S12DP256 is employed in in automobile electronic control systemFigure 2 is the typical schematic diagram of automobile gating system .Its central microcontroller selects Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256, MC33389A, MC33884, MC33887, MC33486 and so on is the Freescale intelligence simulation component. Which of MC33389A is power switch chip providing the CPU working voltage (5V);it turns the ignition swithing signal, the vehicle door switching signal and the panel switch signal by SPI on the micro controller to carry on awakens, reset , interrupt and so on; Also it has the fault-tolerant function driver of CAN physics level ; In addition, it may turn the system on finished Automobile network. Leading role of MC33884 is the real-time monitor panel switch's condition and actuates board's headlamp. MC33887 is a driving circuit chip, which uses in the rear view mirror position electrical motor, the rear view mirror electrical folding motor and the door lock electrical motor's actuation, this function may also select MC33884 to coordinate independent driving tube MOS to complete. MC33290 mainly uses in overall system's diagnosis.Figure 2 automobile gating control system3 32 Single-chip Microcomputer MPC500 and application3.1 Characteristics of MPC500As this domain's lead goat, the MPC500 series has passed through designed specially, has satisfied the strict working conditions request which the high speed travel automobile needed. the entire product line including not flash memory MPC561,MPC566 which built-in 1M flash memory and so on, aims at many kinds of different application environment. May apply in dynamic transfer systems like gasoline engine management, direct fuel injection, electronic transmission control and so on as well as the stable control system and hanging application system. MPC500 series MCU also has innovation functions of floating point unit and intelligent clock and so on , can satisfy the control speed and the accuracy requirement.The MPC500 intension including a system integration mold (SIM), a time processing unit (TPU), a queue serial interface mold (QSM), the 2k static state stochastic memory, has the TPU simulation ability (TPURAM). Uses the HCMOS technology, mayfurther reduce the product power loss, simultaneously the command system contains special-purpose low power loss instruction LPSTOP. Under the system clock stopped state, the power dissipation is lowest.3.2 MPC500 is employed in in automobile electronic control systemMPC500 mainly applies in the new motor car engine management system , like GM P5, P6 series engine management system . Figure 3 is engine management system which based on 32 bit MPC500 .4 SummarySince the mid-1990s, the intelligence electronic products' has been getting more and more widespread apply in automobile , already rapidly expand for automobile synthesis electronic control technology. It take the large scale integrated circuit and the controller local area network as the characteristic, including the Single-chip Microcomputer , the clever power source and the intelligent sensor, it utilizes the computer network and the communicationtecnology, both can expand the originallimited comprehensiveelectronic control system into the automobile whole integrated control system, and may joinwith the automobile exterior road, the transportation, the correspondence condition , makes the automobile to become a part of the intelligence transportation system or an intelligence road system.Figure 3 compositestrategy of 32 bit MPC500 micro controller's engine management system译文：Freescale单片机在汽车控制中的应用Freescale拥有丰富的微处理单元（MCU），可广泛用于汽车电控发动机、车身、乘员安全、车门和座椅、车窗、通风和空调、天窗和灯光控制，汽车局域网的网关、通信设备、全球定位系统及其他汽车控制单元中。