考研英语基础阅读陈正康.doc

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研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译

Lesson1READING SELECTION AWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse? Universal languageBy Tom McArthur[1] In the year 2000, the language scholar Glanville Price, a Welshman, made the following assertion as editor of the book Languages in Britain and Ireland:For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. (p 141)Some years earlier, in 1992, Robert Phillipson, English academic who currently works in Denmark, published with Oxford a book entitled Linguistic Imperialism. In it, he argued that the major English-speaking countries, the worldwide English-language teaching industry, and notably the British Council pursue policies of linguistic aggrandisement. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberate) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.[2] Phillipson himself worked for some years for the British Council, and he is not alone among Anglophone academics who have sought to point up the dangers of English as a world language. The internationalization of English has in the last few decades been widely discussed in terms of three groups: first, the ENL countries, where English is a native language (this group also being known as the "inner circle"); second, the ESL countries, where English is a second language (the "outer circle"); and third, the EFL countries, where English is a foreign language (the "expanding circle"). Since the 1980s, when such terms became common, this third circle has in fact expanded to take in the entire planet.[3] For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English. There have been many "world languages", such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.[4] English however is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately, as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese on East Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe. The jury is still out in the trial of the English language, and may take several centuries to produce its verdict, but even so we can ask, in this European Year of Languages, whether Price and Phillipson are right to warn us all about the language that I am using at this very moment.[5] It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse. An example is Australia, which is routinely regarded as a straightforward English-speaking country. The first Europeans who went there often used Latin to describe and discuss the place. The word Australia itself is Latin; evidently no one at the time thought of simply calling it "Southland" (which is what Australia means). In addition, in South Australia there is a wide stretch of land called the Nullarbor Plains, the first word of which sounds Aboriginal, but nullarbor is Latin and means "no trees". And most significantly of all, the early settlers called the continent a terra nullius. According to the Encarta World English Dictionary (1999) the Latin phrase terra nullius means:... the idea and legal concept that when the first Europeans arrived in Australia the land was owned by no one and therefore open to settlement. It has been judged not to be legally valid.But that judgment was made only recently. When the Europeans arrived, Australia was thinly populated—but populated nonetheless—from coast to coast in every direction. There were hundreds of communities and languages. Many of these languages have died out, many more are in the process of dying out, and these dead and dying languages have been largely replaced by either kinds of pidgin English or general Australian English. Depending on your point of view, this is either a tragic loss or the price of progress.[6] At the same time, however, can the blame for the extinction of Aboriginal languages be laid specifically at the door of English? The first Europeans to discover Australia were Dutch, and their language might have become the language of colonization and settlement. Any settler language could have had the same effect. If for example the Mongols had sustained their vast Eurasian empire, Mongolian might have become a world language and gone to Australia. Again, if history had been somewhat different, today's world language might have been Arabic, a powerful language in West Asia and North Africa that currently affects many smaller languages, including Coptic and Berber. Spanish has adversely affected indigenous languages in so-called "Latin" America, and Russian has spread from Europe to the Siberian Pacific. If English is a curse and a killer, it may only be so in the sense that any large language is likely to influence and endanger smaller languages.[7] Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. Let us instead look at something rather different: the issue of politics, justice, and equality. My object lesson this time is South Africa. Ten years ago, South Africa ceased to be governed on principles of racial separateness, a system known in Afrikaans (a language derived from Dutch) as apartheid. The system arose because the Afrikaner community—European settlers of mainly Dutch descent—saw themselves as superior to the indigenous people of the land they had colonized.[8] English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. However, the language through which this opposition gained strength and organization was English, which became for them the key language of freedom and unity, not of oppression. There are today eleven official languages in South Africa—English, Afrikaans, and nine vernacular languages that include Zulu, Ndebele, and Setswana. But which of these nine do black South Africans use (or plan to use) as their national lingua franca? Which do they wish their children to speak and write successfully (in addition to their mother tongues)? The answer is none of the above. They want English, and in particular they want a suitably Africanized English.[9] So, a curse for the indigenous peoples of Australia and something of a blessing for those in South Africa...[10] How then should we think of English in our globalizing world with its endangered diversities? The answer, it seems to me, is crystal clear. Like many things, English is at times a blessing and at times a curse—for individuals, for communities, for nations, and even for unions of nations. The East Asian symbolism of yin and yang might serve well here: There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. (1, 292 words)ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Tom McArthur is founder editor of the Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) and the quarterly English Today: The International Review of the English Language (Cambridge, 1985— ). His more than 20 published works include the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English(1981), Worlds of Reference: Language, Lexicography and Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (1986), and The English Languages (1998). He is currently Deputy Director of the Dictionary Research Center at the University of Exeter.EXERCISESI. Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the, following statements.1. It can be inferred from Glanville Price's statement that he is ______.A. happy that English is everywhere in Britain and IrelandB. worried about the future of the remaining Celtic languagesC. shocked by the diversity of languages in Britain and IrelandD. amazed that many people in the UK still speak their Aboriginal languages2. Cumbric is used as an example of ______.A. a local dialectB. a victim of the English languageC. a language that is on the verge of extinctionD. a language that is used by only a limited number of people3. Which of the following is the major concern of the book Linguistic Imperialism?A. English teaching overseas.B. British government's language policies.C. Dominance of English over other languages.D. The role of English in technology advancement.4. Both Price and Phillipson are ______.A. government officialsB. advocates of linguistic imperialismC. in support of language policies carried out by the British CouncilD. concerned about the negative effect of English on smaller languages5. According to the text, the EFL countries ______.A. are large in numberB. is known as the "outer circle"C. will be endangered by EnglishD. have made English their official language6. According to McArthur, Chinese is different from English in that ______.A. it has made a great contribution to the worldB. it has had positive influence on other languagesC. it may result in the disappearance of other languagesD. it probably will not endanger the existence of other languages7. When he said the jury is out in the trial" (Line 3, Paragraph 4), McArthur meant ______.A. punishment is dueB. the jury is waiting for a trialC. no decision has been made yetD. there is no one to make the decision8. Australia might be used as an example to show that ______.A. languages are changing all the timeB. some English words are derived from LatinC. English has promoted the progress of some nationsD. English should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages9. Many people see English as a blessing for people in ______.A. AustraliaB. East AsiaC. South AfricaD. ESL countries10. The main theme of this speech is that ______.A. English should be taught worldwideB. English as a world language does more harm than goodC. we should be objective to the internationalization of EnglishD. we should be aware of (realize) the danger of English as a world languageB. Questions on global understanding and logical structures1. Why does McArthur introduce Glanville Price and Robert Phillipson's points of view on the spread of English? What is his? Intention?McArthur quotes Price’s assertion and cites Pillipson’s viewpoint on the spread of English as sort of cons to initiate his argument. Cons are usually popularly believed arguments or opinions that are against the author’s point of view. Cons are commonly used writing techniques and are often employed in order to appeal the audience and highlight the author’sviewpoint.2. Does McArthur agree with what Price and Phillipson argued? From as early as which section does McArthur show his attitude? Toward the dominance of English as a world English?No. McArthur’s opinion is different from Price and Pillipson’s arguments. He doesn’t believe that English is a killer and should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages. He sees English as both a blessing and a curse, maybe as a blessing more than a curse. After introducing Price and Pillipson’s viewpoints, McArthur writes about his own ideas on the iss ue of English as a world language. From the sentence “For good or for ill, there has never been a language quite like English”, we can learn that McArthur does not curse English like Price and Pillipson and he has a different point of view.3. By reading "It certainly isn't hard to look for situations where people might call English a curse", could we conclude that McArthur believes English is a curse?No. This sentence is a kind of justification. Although McArthur literally justifies the fact that there are situations where people might call English a curse, he doesn’t believe that English is virtually a curse. By adding the word “certainly” McArthur shows his intent.4. Could you pick up some words and expressions that signal change or continuation in McArthur's thought?“For good or for ill”(paragraph 3) /“however” (paragraph 4) /“But”(paragraph 5) / “At the same time,however”(paragraph 6) /“Yet”(paragraph 7)5. How many parts can this speech be divided? How are the parts organized?Part One: paragraphs 1 and 2. These two paragraphs introduce the situation that many academics argue against English as a world language.Part Two: paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Paragraph three is a transitional paragraph that initiates McArthur’s own argument. In these paragraphs McArthur argues that English is not only a curse as many people have believed, but a blessing as well.Part Three: paragraph 10. McArthur concludes in the last paragraph that English may be a curse or a blessing depends on different situations and we should make advantages of world languages and avoid their disadvantages.II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward rewardingA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverse(negative)C. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandon/ abundantD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolveB. constituteC. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinctB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point up by and large take in descent for good or illleave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _ 6 ), and 100 general "operational" words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in 7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 "basic" verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be.Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example,a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10 "ascend". (Semantic / grammatical criterion)1. A. created B. publicized C. invented D. operated2. A. proved B. provided C. projected D. promoted3. A. advantages B. objections C. obstacles D. facileties4. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever5. A. comprised of B. made of C. composed of D. constituted of6. A. personalities B. properties C. preferences D. perceptions/ perceive)7. A. common B. ordinary C. average D. nonprofessional8. A. in all B. at times C. for good D. in part/ partially)9. A. experiencing B. exchanging C. excluding D. extending10. A. in spite of =despite B. in favor of C. instead of D. in case ofII. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。

陈正康考研英语救命母词总结

考研救命母词accountable能解释的，能负责任的account记录，账户accounting 会计学account for解释；占比ACCOU ntantsbe Iiable to 倾向于；易于ACCOUntabIe / responsible / Iiable for 为• • •负责的LiabiIity∕resp On Sibility/duty 责任WOrSen 恶化devalue 贬值aggravate 加重grave严重的；坟墓quote / Cite 引用quota定额，限额recite背诵transient 短暂的，暂时的transform 变形，转变hinder阻碍PreVent预防，防止，阻碍PrOhibit 阻止keep / PreVent / CliSCOUrage Sb from doing Sth 阻止某人做某事IOyaIty忠诚的royalty皇室的，皇家的faith信念，信仰faithful忠诚的COmmittee 委员会COmmiSSiOn委员会；佣金COmmit Sb to doing Sth 使某人投入/承诺做某事SUbStanCe 实质SUbStantial实质性的，大量的PrOgreSS 进步materia物质，材料acquire 获得，得到，收购（同义词abtain> attainget、gain）acquisition收购，获得M&A ------- mergers and acquisitiOnS 兼并收购monopoly 垄断COmPenSatiOn 补偿，赔偿incentive刺激，激励（同义词StimUIate）StakehOlder 股东（同义词SharehOlder> StOCkhOIder） StOCk exchange 股票交易marketshare 市场份额Stake赌注inflate 膨胀,扩大inflation 通货膨胀deflate 紧缩deflation 通货紧缩StabIe / Steady 稳定的forgiveness 原谅COUnt 数数，计算；重要，有影响，有意义COUnter 柜台，计数器；相反的，相对的CalCUlate 计算（COmPUte 计算）CalCUlatiOn 计算OVer the COUnter 非处方药COUnter-CUItUre 反文化COUnterPart 相对应的部分，相对应的人或物COUnteraCt 抵制，抵消COUn terbala nce 制衡StrUggle 挣扎，抗争，努力 StrUggle for 为 …努力/而抗争 transition 过度，过渡期transitional 过度的emphasize 强调，重视（StreSS 压力；重视、highlight 强调，CntiCal 批判的，批评的，评论的（CrUCial 关键的）CritiC 批评家，评论家；关键的，重要的 discriminate 区别对待，歧视 racial discrimination 种族歧视 incur 招致 OCCUr 发生，使想到CUrrent 目前的，现在的；电流，水流，潮流CUrrenCy 通货，货币 CUrrenCy exchange 货币兑换SPeIl 拼写；招致；一段时间inviting 诱人的 invite 邀请PenaIty 惩罚（同义词 PUniSh 惩罚=PenaliZe ） boost 推动，提高PrOmOte 推动，促进，晋升，促销qualified 合格，符合资格qualification 资格资质 Candidate 候选人remarkable 显著的，引人注目的（同义词nOtable 、noticeable ）著地remark 注意;评论Striking 显著的SPeCUIate 投机，猜测 SPeCUlatiVe 投机的，猜测的PrOSPeCt 前途，前景 inspect 检查 intelligent 聪明的，智能的intelligence 聪明，智力，智能 artificial intelligence （Al ）人工智能 information / intelligence 情报 federal 联邦的 bureau 局，处Investigation 检查，学术研究identity 身份，同一性，一致性identical 相同的，同一的identify 确定，辨别重视） remarkably 显COnSCiOUSness 意识（同义词awareness、SenSe）COnSCienCe 良心imitate 模仿evade走出去，避免invade入侵remain依然是，仍然是remains残留物fascinate使着谜，迷住fascinating令人着迷的fascinated着迷的depict描述，描写（同义词describe）COmPIeX 复杂的（同义词COmPliCated）PerPIeXed 困惑的（同义词COnfUSed）reproduce繁殖，繁衍autonomous 自动的automobile 汽车industry 行业thorn刺，荆棘thorny有刺的，荆棘的，棘手的COmbine结合，联合COmbinatiOn结合体，联合COUPIe夫妇；结合COUPle With 与•••结合integrate 合为一体integrity完整，整体：诚信，正直instant立即，马上；速食的，速溶的ViSiOn愿景，视野，远见ViSUal视觉上的ViSibIe可视的，可看得见的SUPerViSe监管，监视SOPhiStiCated狡猾的，尖端的SOPhOmOre大二的学生freshman大一新生antibody 抗体anticipate 预料■VOlUnteer 志愿者VOlUnteer to do Sth 自愿做某事establish建立，确立，创立establishment建立的机构guideline指导方针ViOlate违反，违背ViOIenCe暴力transparent 透明的VagUe模糊的revenue收入（财政收入）income收入（个人收入）ambition雄心，抱负，野心ambitious有雄心的，有抱负的donation 捐赠Charge使装载，承载：充电，电荷；收费，负责，掌管；指责，控告OVerCharge 多收费Charge Sb With Sth指责/控告某人某事free Of Charge 免费PrOSPerity 繁荣（同义词boom、thrive、flourish） PrOSPer 繁荣，兴旺PartiCiPant 参力口PartiCiPant in 参与，参力口 (同义take Part in)COmPete竞争COmPetitiVe竞争性的COmPetent有竞争力的，有能力的，能胜任的The COre COmPetent核心竞争力incompetent不能胜任的rival :⅛争对手typically典型地，通常地PIatfOrm平台，讲台，站台PIain平原，平凡的，普通的entrepreneur 企业家enterprise企业，进取心firm 公司COmPany 公司COrPOratiOn 大公司COOPeratiOn 合作advocate提倡，倡导；提倡者advocacy名词形式，提倡倡导VOiCe声音，说，表达emerge浮现，出现emergence浮现，出现emergency紧急情况，突发事件SUbmerge 下沉，淹没trick捣蛋，恶作剧treat处理，对待，款待need困境，贫困needy处于困境的，贫困的StUdent in need = neey StUdent 贫困生formulate用公式表达，系统性的表达formula公式Charity 慈善Charitable 慈善的CharitabIy 慈善地mutual相互的，彼此的PrOfOUnd深远的founder创始人guilt有罪，内疚guilty有罪的，内疚的grasp抓住，掌握，理解morol道徳的inmorol U不道德的norm标准，正常，规范，准则State国家,州Statement陈述，说明OVerState夸张，夸大UnderState保守的陈述equivalent等价的，等同的Weight称重，权衡COmPIain抱怨，投诉OUtdated过时的evolve进化，演化，发展evolution进化，进化论involve卷入，涉及revolve 旋转(around) revolution 革命reform改革inequality不平等的，不公平的destructive 破坏性的COnStrUCtiVe 建设性的COnStrUCt 建设COnStrUCtiOn 建设PrOmPt推动，促进；敬捷的，立即的fix固定，修理；解决deficiency缺乏，不足deficient缺乏的，不足的SUffiCient 足够的（同义词enough> adequate）SymPathy同情,同情心,赞同SymPathetiC同情的,赞同的，支持的nasty肮脏的，难闻的，严重的impulse脉动，冲动PUre纯净的，纯洁的SUbStitUte替补，替换COnStitUtiOn组成，构成；宪法COnStitUte组成，构成assess 评估assessment 评佔（同义词evaluate） asset资产VaIUe估值，珍惜anonymous匿名的asocial不好社交的，孤僻的regret遗憾，后悔regrettable遗憾的，后悔的foster培养，收养，养育（同义词CUItiVate）CUItiVate the SPirit Of innovation 培养创新精神hasten匆忙hasty匆忙的hurry up 快点in a hurry 匆忙temporarily临时地，暂时地temporary临时temporary WOrker 临时工part-time job 兼职full-time job 全职COntemPOrary同时代的，1"∣代的；同时代的人IeaVe使得VehiCle车辆，交通工具SUV SPOrt Utility VehiCle 运动功能性汽车Create 创造CreatiOn CreatiVe 创造性的CreatOr 造物主CreatUre 生物recreate再造，重新创造；消遣娱斥recreation娱乐，再造，重新创造raise提高，抚养，饲养；筹集rise上升，升起SlInSetH 落SUnriSe 日出arise from 源于∙∙∙= Originate from = Stem fromStern根，茎endeavor 努力（同义词StriVe ）ambiguous模糊的tolerant 容忍的tolerate = bear = Stand=withstandStraightfOrWard 简单明了的，坦率的（frank）SettIe解决，定居Settle down定居下来，安顿下来SettIement协议，解决migrate迁移，迁徙immigrate往里移emigrate往外移SharP锋利的，清晰的，急剧的SharPIy锋利地SharP rise 急剧上升（同义词drastic、dramatic）drama戏剧性的dramatic戏剧性的，急剧的，剧烈的respond / react to 对•••做出反应response = reaction 反应reflect 反映，反思，思考discrimination歧视,区别对待automation自动，自动化autonomous自主的，自治的Celebrate 庆祝，颂扬Wedding CeIebratiOn 婚庆Celebrity 名人（同义词PerSOnaIity）IegiSlatiOn立法，法规Iegal合法的，法律的IegiSIate 立法CUrb控制bold黑体的，大胆的，勇敢的=brave勇敢的=COUrageOUS COIIeCtiVeIy集体地COIIeCtiOn集合，集COIIeCtiVe共同的集体的COIleCtiViSm 集体主义individualism 个人主义individual 个人的implement实施，贯彻；工具ban 禁止=forbid the forbidden City 紫禁城PrOnOUnCe发音，宣布announCe 宣布，公布annoUnCement 通知 =notice eliminate排除，淘汰incentive激励，刺激ensure 确保=make SUre recycle循环利用，回收利用CyCle循环，周期CIaSSify 分类rubbish CIaSSify 垃圾分类SeCUrity = Safaty 安全，安全性SeCUre 安全=SafeDOme圆屋顶，苍穹domestic家庭的，家用的，国内的Undermine破坏，暗中破坏，逐渐消弱damage = destroy = ruin 破坏dispute争议disputable有争议的，有争论的（同义词COntrOVerSiaI） COntrOVerCy争议，争论On the COntrary 相反remodel 重塑=reshape = remold mold模具，模子role model 榜样PrOCeSS加工，处理；工艺工序，过程microprocessor 微处理器Central PrOCeSSing Unit 中央处理器CPUChiP芯片SemiCOnductor 半导体finance提供资金，资助；财政，金融financial金融的，财政的fund资金，基本；资助fatal致命的（同义词deadly） fate命运deadline截止日期,最后期限SUffer 遭受SUffering 痛苦WOrShiP崇拜WOrShiPPer崇拜者，信徒flexible灵活的Peak巅峰ClimaX高潮SUmmit顶峰，峰会atmosphere氛围，大气层SPhere球体，范围，领域CIimate气候，氛围，气氛academic学术的hemisphere 半球体abtain 获得，得至∣J = attain = acquirePreSenCe出席，在场，出现PreSent Ll前，现在，礼物；訂前的，现在的，出席的，在场的；赠送absence缺席，不在场represent 代表=Stand for One behalf Of ∙ ∙ •的代表PriOrity优先权，优先PriOrtO先于/早于・・•ecosystem生态系统ecology生态学eco-friendly SOCiety生态友好型社会Chief executive OffiCer 首席执行官CEOinhabitant居民，栖息动物inhabit居住，栖息habitat栖息地SerVant仆人，服务员reside nt 居民POPUIatiOn 人口CiVil公民的,市民的;文明的CiViliZatiOn文明CiViliZe使文明化SPiritUal精神的horizon 视野，地平线broaden / Widen horizon 开拓视野On the horizon即将到来COmPrOmiSe妥协，让步；损害（同义词COnCeSSiOn）PrOmiSe承诺，预示ViSibility可视性ViSible可视的impact 影响，冲击=affect = in flue nceembrace拥抱，包含，包括，喜欢，赞同brace胳膊，臂弯refer 提到，涉及到refer to。

四六级考试必备词组-陈正康老师总结

大学英语四级词汇与语法和完形填空题以考查各类词组和固定搭配为重点，这些词组和搭配在阅读理解、翻译和写作中也有重要作用，所以这里将各类词组以词性为中心加以分类，以便帮助大家学习和记忆。

这些词组和固定搭配不仅在四、六级考试中至关重要，研究生入学英语考试中它们也是考查重点。

1.介词+名词by accident 偶然on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故in addition to 另外，加之in addition 除…之外(还)in the air 流传中on (the／an) average 按平均值，通常on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上at best 充其量，至多for the better 好转，向好的方向发展on board 在船(车或飞机)上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公，因事in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in case of 假如，如果发生；防备in case 假使，以防(万一)in no case 决不，无论如何不by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 负责，管理(a)round the lock 日夜不停地in common 共用的，共有的in conclusion 最后，总之on condition (that) 如果in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为on the contrary 正相反in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比out of control 失去控制under control 处于控制之下at all cots 不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of 以…为代价in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间of course 当然，自然in danger 在危险中，垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过时的，不用的up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的in debt 欠债，负债in detail 详细他in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的) on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的)on earth 究竟，到底at all events 无论如何，不管怎样in any event 无论如何，不管怎样in the event of 万一，倘若for example 例如in the face of 在…面前；不顾in fact 其实，实际上in favo(u)r of 赞同，支持on fire 着火，起火on foot 步行in force 生效，有效；在实施中；大量的in front of 在…面前，在…前面in future 今后，从今以后in the future 在将来in general 一般说来，大体上on (one's) guard 警惕，提防；站岗，值班in half 成两半at hand 近在手边，在附近by hand 用手，用体力hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联地，同时并进地on hand 在手边，在近处on (the) one hand 一方面on the other hand另一方面at heart 内心里，本质上by heart 凭记性at home 在家，在国内；舒适，无拘束；熟悉，精通in hono(u)r of 为纪念，为了向…表示敬意on／upon one's hono(u)r 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙，急于for instance 例如；比如at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间(或距离)at (long) last 终于at least 至少at length 终于，最终；详细地in (the) light of 鉴于，由于2．动词+名词have／gain access to 可以获得take…into account 考虑到，顾及，体谅take advantage of 占…的便宜，利用pave the way (for) 铺平道路，为…作准备pay attention to 注意do／try one's best 尽力，努力get／have the best of 战胜make the best of 充分利用get／have the better of 战胜，在…中占上风catch one's breath 屏息；喘气，气喘；歇口气take care 注意，当心take care of 爱护，照料take a chance 冒险，投机take charge 开始管理，接管keep…company 陪伴take (a) delight in 以…为乐make a difference 有影响，起(重要)作用carry／bring／put into effect 使生效，实行，实现come／go into effect 生效，实施take effect 生效，起作用catch sb's eye 被某人看到，引起某人注意keep an eye on 留神，照看，密切注意make a face 做鬼脸find fault with 抱怨，挑剔，找岔子catch (on) fire 着火，开始燃烧make fiends (with) 与(…)交朋友be friends with 与…友好make fun of 取笑，拿…开玩笑keep sb's head 保持镇静in the world 究竟，到底lose sb's head 慌乱，仓皇失措lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心get／catch／take hold of 抓住，得到keep house 管理家务throw／cast light on／upon 使人了解，阐明bear／keep in mind 记住have in mind 考虑到，想到make up one's mind 下定决心，打定主意bring／put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行come／go into operation 施行，实行，生效keep pace (with) 与(…)齐步前进，与(…)并驾齐驱play a part (in) 起作用，参与，扮演角色take place 发生，进行，举行take the place of 代替，取代put into practice 实施，实行make progress 进步，进展give rise to 引起，导致为…的原因make sense 讲得通，有意义，言之有理catch sight of 发现，突然看见(go) on the stage 当演员take one's time 不着急，不慌忙keep track of 与…保持联系lose track of 失去与…的联系，不能跟上…的进展make use of 利用put to use 使用give way 让路；屈服，让步；倒塌，坍陷make one's way 前往，行进，去make way 让路，腾出地方或位置3.名词词组的其他形式appeal to 呼吁，恳求attempt at 企图，努力attitude to/towards 态度，看法a great/good deal of 大量，非常，极其influence in 干涉，介入interference with 妨碍，打扰introduction to 介绍a lot (of) 许多（的），大量（的）lots of 大量，许多fall in love (with sb) 爱上（某人）reply to 回答，答复trolley bus 电车I.D. card 身份证credit card 信用卡no doubt 无疑地，很可能next door 隔壁out of doors 在户外face to face 面对面地a few 有些，几个quite a few 不少，相当多a little 一点，一些little by little 逐渐地，一点点地quite a little 相当多，不少no matter 无论the moment (that) 一…(就)no more 不再fair play 公平竞赛，公平对待rest room 厕所，盥洗室primary school 小学side by side 肩并肩地，一起heart and soul 全心全意step by step 逐步地ahead of time 提前all the time 一直，始终once upon a time 从前once in a while 偶尔no wonder 难怪，并不奇怪word for word 逐字地decline with thanks 婉言谢绝1．动词十介词/副词account for 说明…的原因，是…的原因allow for 考虑到，顾及，为…留出预地appeal to 诉诸，诉请裁决(或证实等) arrive at 达成，达成ask after 探问，问起ask for 请求，要求attach to 附属于，隶属于；使依恋，使喜爱to begin with 首先，第一break down 损坏；(健康等)垮掉，崩溃break in 非法闯入；打断，插嘴break into 非法闯入，强行进入break off 中断，突然停止break out 逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发break through 突破，冲破；取得突破陛成就break up 印终止，结束；打碎，粉碎；散开，驱散bring about 导致，引起bring down 使落下，打倒；降低，减少bring forth 产生，提出bring forward 提出，提议；提前bring out 使显出；激起，引起；出版，推出bring to 使恢复知觉bring up 教养，养育；提出build up 逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强burn out 烧光，烧毁…的内部；熄灭burn up 烧掉，烧毁；烧起来，旺起来；(使)发怒call for 叫(某人)来；要求，需要call off 取消call on／up 访问，拜访；号召，要求call up 召集；使人想起；打电话(给) care for 照顾，照料；喜欢carry off 夺走，拿走carry on 继续，进行carry out 实行，执行；实现，完成catch at 试图抓住，拼命抓catch on 理解，懂得；流行起来check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到check out 结帐后离开，办妥手续离去check up (on) 检查，核实cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来•clear away 把…清除掉，收拾clear up 清理；澄清，解决；(天)放晴come off 脱落，分开；结果，表现come on [表示鼓励、催促等]快，走吧；开始，发生；进步，进展come out 发表，出版；出现，显露；结果是come round(around) 顺便来访；苏醒，复原come through 经历…仍活着，安然度过come to 苏醒；涉及，谈到；总数为，结果是come up 走上前来；发生，出现count on／upon 依靠，指望count up 共计，算出…的总数cover up 掩饰，掩盖；盖住，裹住cross off／out 划掉，勾销cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过cut back 削减，缩减；急忙返回cut down 削减，减少；杀死，砍倒cut in 超车抢挡；插嘴，打断cut off 切断，阻碍；使分离，使隔绝cut out 删去，切去；戒除，停止ⅡB 用cut short 中断，打断deal with 处理，对付；论述，涉及deep down 实际上，在心底die down 逐渐消失，变弱die out 逐渐消失，灭绝do without 没有…也行，用不着，将就draw in (火车、汽车)到站；(天)渐黑，(白昼)渐短draw up 起草，拟订；(使)停住dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮；装饰，修饰drop by／in 顺便(或偶然)访问drop off 下降，减少；睡着，入睡；让(…)下车，把…放下drop out 退出，退学dry out (使)干透dry up (使)干透，(使)干涸；(使)枯竭fall behind 落后，落在…的后面[/Post] fall through 落空，成为泡影fall in 填满；填写；(for)替代fall out 填写；长胖，变丰满find out 查明，找出，发现get across (将…)清楚，(使)被了解get around／round 走动，克服，设法回避(问题等)；(协)抽出时间来做(或考虑)get at 够得着，触及；意思是，意指；查明，发现；指责get away 逃脱；走开，离开；(iwth)做了(坏事)而逃脱责罚get by 通过；过得去，(勉强)过活get down (从…)下来；写下；使沮丧；(to)开始认真做，着手做get in 进入，抵达；收获(庄稼等)；(证th)对…亲近get into (使)进入；卷入；对…发生兴趣get off (从…)下来；动身，出发；下班，结束(工作)；逃脱惩罚get over 克服，解决(问题等)；(从疾病、失望等)中恢复过来get through 度过(时间)；(使)通过(考试)，(使)(议案等)获得通过；(将…)讲清楚，完成；接通电话get together 相聚，聚集get up 起床；起立give away 泄露；赠送give back (归)还give in 交上，呈上；投降，屈服，认输give off 发出(光、声音等)，散发出(气味)give out 分发；用完；消耗尽；发出(光、声音)give up 停止，放弃；(oneself)自首go after 追求，追赶go ahead 开始；进行go by 遵守，遵循，依据；(时间)过去go down 下降，减少；(船)沉没，(日)落；(with)生…病；(well或badly)(不)受欢迎，(不)被接受go for 袭击；适用于；选择，想要获得；喜爱go into 进入，参加；开始从事；研究，调查go off 爆炸，开火，突然响起；(电等)中断，停止；不再喜欢go out 外出(尤指参加社会活动)；过时；(潮)退，(灯)熄，终止；送出，公布，播出go over 仔细检查，察看；复习，重做go round／around 足够分配；(with)常…与交往；流传；四处走动，到处活动go through 经历，遭受；详细检查，查找，详细讨论；获得通过，被批准；(with)将…干到底go under 沉没；失败；破产go up 上升，上涨，增长；正在建设中；烧毁，炸毁go with 跟…相配；与…相伴；附属于go without 没有hand in 交上，递交hand on 把…传下去hand over 交出，移交hang about／around 闲荡，闲呆着hang on 坚持，抓紧，不放；等待片刻，(打电话时)不挂断；有赖于；取决于hang up 挂断(电话)：悬挂，挂起have on 穿着，戴着hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保守(秘密等)hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等—会hold out 维持，保持；坚持(要求)，不屈服hold up 支持，支撑，延迟；抢劫；展示，举出hurry up (使)赶陕，匆匆完成improve on／upon 改进；胜过keep back 阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保留keep off (使)不接近，(使)让开keep to 遵守，信守；坚持keep up 保持，(使)继续下去；使居高不下let down 放下，降低；使失望let off 宽恕，放过；开(枪)，放(炮、烟火等)州)放let out 放走，释放；泄露，放出，发出lie in (问题、事情等)在于line up (使)排队，(使)排成行live on 靠…生活，以…为食物live through 度过，经受住live up to 符合，不辜负(期望)；遵守，实践(诺言、原则等)look after 照管，照料，照料；注意，关心look at 看，朝…看；考虑，研究；看待look back (on) 回顾，回忆；回头看look for 寻找，寻求；惹来，招来look in 顺便看望，顺便访问look into 调查，观察look on 旁观，观看look out (for) 留神，注意look over 把…看一遍，把…过目；察看，参观look through 详尽核查；(从头至尾)浏览look up 好转；(在词典等中)查找；看望，拜访：(to)尊敬make for 走向，朝…前进；有助于，促进make out 辨认出，看出；理解，了解；写出，开出make up 印构成，组成；(为…)化妆；补充，补足；和解，重归于好；捏造，临时编造，虚mix up 混淆，弄混，弄乱occur to 被想到，被想起pass away 去世pass (as) 充作，被看作，被当作pass out 失去知觉，昏倒pay back 偿还，还钱给(某人)；向…报复，回报pay off 还清(债)；付清工资解雇(某人)；向…行贿；得到好结果，取得成功pay up 全部付清pick out 选出，挑出，拣出；辨认出，分辨出pick up 拿起，捡起；取(给)，用车接载(人)；好转，改进，增加(速度)；(使)重新开始，继续；获得，学会pull down 拆毁pull in (车)停下，车进站，船(到岸) pull off 脱去，扯下；(成功地)完成pull out 拔出，抽出，取出；(车、船)驶出；(使)摆脱困境pull together 齐心协力，团结起来pull up (使)停下put across／over 解释清楚，使被理解put aside 储存，保留；暂不考虑，把…放在一边put away 放好，收好put in 花费，付出(时间、精力等)；申请，正式提出put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重) put out 熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产；伸出put up 建造，支起，搭起；张贴；进行(抵抗等)；提供，提名，提出；提高(价格、速度)；为…提供食宿，投宿refer to 参考，查阅；涉及，提到；指的是ring off 挂断电话run down 撞倒；说…坏话，贬低；停止运转，耗尽；减少，缩减；查找出，搜索到run into 偶然碰见；遭遇(困难等)；共计，达到…之多；撞在…上run off 很快写出；复印出，印出；跑掉，逃掉run over 在…上驶过，(撞倒并)碾过；把…很快地(或粗略地)过一遍see off 为…送行see through 看透，识破see to 注意，照料send for 派人去请，召唤；函购，函索send in 呈报，递送，提交set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把…置于一旁，不理会set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍；使花费set down 记下，写下set forth 阐明，陈述set off 出发，启程；引起，激起set out 陈述，阐明；动身，起程；开始；摆放set up 创立，建立，为…作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始经商show off 炫耀，卖弄show up 显露，暴露；露面，来到shut out 把…排斥在外sit in on 列席(会议)，旁听sit up 不睡，熬皮；坐直speed up (使)加快速度stand by 站在…一边，支持，帮助；袖手旁观；坚持(决议等)，遵守(诺言等)；作好准备，准备行动stand out 清晰地显出，引人注目；杰出，出色stand up 站起来；(论点、证据等)站得住脚step up 提高，加快，加紧stick out (把…)坚持到底；突出，显眼stick to 坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟，紧随；粘贴在…上take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父、母等)相像take away 减去take down 拆卸；记下，写下take…for 把…认为是，把…看成是take in 接受，吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗；包括take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开take on 开始雇用；呈现，具有；同…较量，接受…的挑战；承担，从事take over 接受，接管；借用，承袭take to 对…产生好感，开始喜欢；形成…的习惯，开始从事take up with 与…成朋友take up 开始从事；把…继续下去；着手处理；占去，占据；(on)接受邀请think over 仔细考虑throw away 扔掉，抛弃；错过(机会)，浪费(金钱等)touch on／upon 谈到，论及turn down 关小，调低；拒绝turn in 交还，上交；上床睡觉turn off 关掉；拐弯，离开…转入另一条路turn on 接通，打开turn out 制造，生产；结果是；驱逐；关掉，旋熄turn over 翻过来，翻倒；移交，交；仔细考虑turn to 查阅；求助于，求教于turn up 开大，调大；出现，来到use up 用完，用光warm up (使)暖起来；(使)活跃起来，(使)热情起来；(使)作准备活动，(使)热身wear off 逐渐消失；渐渐减少wear out 穿破，磨损，用坏；(使)疲乏，(使)厌卷，(使)耗尽while away 消磨<时间)wipe out 擦净，擦掉；彻底摧毁，消灭work at/on 从事于，努力做work out 解决；算出；弄懂，理解；想出，制定出work up 激发，激起；制订出，精心作出write off 取消，勾销，注销2．后接动名词的动词搭配aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准；企图accuse…Of… 控告；谴责，depend on 取决于，视…而定；依靠，依赖；信赖，相信devote to 将…奉献给；把…专用(于) engage in 从事于，参加feel like 想要go on (时间)过去；灯亮；开始运行；继续，接着；进行，发生cannot／couldn't help 禁不住；不得不insist on 坚持，强调，坚决要求keep from 阻止，抑制keep up 继续进行、继续下去look forward 曲协盼望，期待persist in 坚持不懈，执着prevent from 预防，防止put off 推迟，推延；阻止，劝阻set about 开始，着手succeed in 成功thank for 感谢think of 想起，记得；想出，提出；考虑，关心3．其他动词词组add up to 合计达，总括起来，意味着break away (from) 突然离开，强行逃脱catch up with 赶上；对…产生恶果com true (预言，期望等)实现，成为事实come up to 达到(标准)，比得上come up with 提出，提供，想出do away with 废除，去掉fall back on 借助于，依靠fall in with 符合，同意，赞成；与…交往as follows 如下get along with 与…相处(融洽)get down to 开始认真处理，着手做give oneself up 自首give way to 给…让路，对…让步，被…代替go along with 赞同go back on 违背(诺言等)go in for 从事，参加；爱好hang on to 紧紧抓住；保留(某物) lend itself to 适合于let alone 不打扰，不惊动，更别提let go(of) 放开，松手live up to 符合，不辜负(期望)；遵守，实践(诺言、原则等)look down on／upon 看不起，轻视look up to 尊敬make up for 补偿，弥补never mind 不要紧，没关系；不用担心，别管put in for 正式申请put up with 容忍，忍受refer to…as… 把…称作，把…当作run out of 用完，耗尽serve…right 给…应得的惩罚set in 开始(并将延续下去) stand up to 勇敢地面对，抵抗；经得起，顶得住take…as 把…当作，认为think of…as 把…看作是，以为…是think better of 经过考虑对…改变主意(或看法)be able to (do) 能(做)，会(做)be about to (do) 即将，正要be absent from 缺勤，缺课be abundant in 丰富的，富裕的be accustomed to 习惯于，适应于be acquainted with 与…相识，熟悉，了解be active in 积极于be afraid of 恐怕，害怕，担忧be alive to 注意到，对…敏感be angry at 因某事生气be angry with 对…发怒be anxious about 担心，为…担忧be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望be anxious to(do) 渴望(做)be ashamed of 为…感到害臊be aware of 意识到be bad at 拙于，不善于be based on 根据，以…为基础be beside oneself 极度兴奋，对自己的感情失去控制be better off 生活优裕起来，境况好起来be bound to(do) 一定会，不得不be careful to(do) 务必注意(做)be certain to(do) 一定(做)，必然(做) be capable of 能够be confident in 对…有信心be characterized by 以…为特征be clever at 擅长于be combined with 与…结合be composed of 由…组成be concerned about 关心，挂念be curious to(do) 很想(做)be dependent on／upon 取决于，依赖be determined to (do) 决心(做)be different from 与…不同be eager for 渴望be eager to (do) 急于要(做)be equal to 等于be famous for 以…著名be fond of 喜欢，爱好be free from 无…的，摆脱了…的be friendly to 对…友好be glad to (do) 乐于(做)，对…感到高兴be good at (doing) 善于，擅长be good for 适于，在…期间有效be grateful to 感谢，感激be independent of 脱离…而独立，与…无关be indispensable for 对…必不可少的be interested in 对…感兴趣be kinde enough to (do) 承…好意，恳请be late for 迟到be likely to (do) 可能要，像是要be mad about 迷恋be well off 生活富裕be pleased to (do) 乐于be pleased with 对…感到满足be popular with 得人心的，受…欢迎的be present at 出席be proud of 以…自豪，因…感到满意be ready to (do) 装备好（做），乐意做be ready for 为…准备好be rich in 富于be satisfied with 对…满意，满足于be second to 次于be short for 是…的缩写（简称）be short of 短缺be sick for 渴望be sick in bed 病在床上be sick of 对…感到厌倦be sorry for 对…感到抱歉be strict with 对…要求严格be suited to 适合于be supposed to (do) 应该，非…不可be sure of 坚信，确信be surprised at 对…感到惊奇be though with 结束be tired from 因…而厌倦be tired of 厌烦，对…厌倦be tired out 疲倦极了be true to 适用于be unconscious of 不知道…be unequal to 无法胜任…的be unfit for 不适合，不胜任be useful to 对…有用be well up in 精通，熟悉be wild with jay 欣喜be willing to (do) 乐意…be worried about 为…而担心be worse off 处境较坏，情况恶化be worth (doing) 值得（做）be wrong with 有点毛病，有些不舒服above all 首先，尤其是after all 终究，毕竟，究竟at all [用于否定句]丝毫，一点all but 几乎，差不多；除了…都all over 遍及，到处in all 总共，合计not at all 一点也不leave alone 让…独自呆着；不打扰，不干预along with 和…一起，和…一道one after another 一个接一个，相继one another 互相anything but 绝对不as…as 像…一样as for 至于，关于as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，同样as well as 除…之外(也)，既…又not as／so…as 不如…那样(in) back of 在…后面，在…背后because of 由于，因为had better 还是…好，应该both…and 既…又…，两个都but for 倘没有，要不是each other 互相eithe r…or 或…或or else 否则，要不然even if／though 即使，虽然except for 除…外，除去；要不是由于as／so far as 就…，到…程度by far… 得多，最far from 远远不，完全不so far 迄今为止；到某个程度firs of all 首先if only 要是…多好by itself 独自地，自动地in itself 本质上，就其本身而言no less than 不少于，多达as／so long as 只要，如果；既然，如果no longer 不再，已不a great／good many of 相当多，很多many a 许多的more and more 越来越more or less 差不多，几乎，大约at most 至多，不超过make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用neither…nor (既)不…也不，(既)非…也非just now 刚才，才不久；现在，眼下now (that) 既然，由于off and on 断断续续地，间歇地，有时and so on 等等all at once 突然，忽然；同时，一起at once 立刻，马上；同时，一起once more／again 再一次by oneself 独自地，单独地every other 每隔一个的other than 不同于，非；除了over and over (again) 一再地，再三地all right 好，行；令人满意的，不错的；(健康)良好的，安然无恙的ever since 从那时起，自那时以来ever so 非常，极其or so 大约，左右so that 以便，为使；所以，因此so…that 如此…以致such as 诸如，例如such…that 那样的…以致that is(=i．e．) 就是说，即as though 好像，仿佛up to 胜任…的，适于…的；密谋…的；是…义不容辞的，是…的职责；取决于…的，须由…决定的；(时间上)一直到；(数目上)一直到，多达what about [征求意见时用]…怎么样what if 如果…将会怎样whether …or 是…还是，不管…还是go wrong 发生故障，出毛病；出错，犯错误and yet 可是，然而at yet 至今abide by 履行，遵守adapt to 适应adhere to 粘附；胶着；坚持apologize(-ise)to，for 道歉，认错cling o粘住；依附；坚持collide with 抵触，冲突；碰撞，互撞compensate for 补偿，赔偿comply with 依从，服从，遵从conceive of 设想，构思出conform to 遵守，依照，符合，顺应consult with 商量，商议cooperate with 合作，协作，相配合cope with (成功地)应付，(妥善地)处理deduce from 演绎，推断derive from 起源，衍生deviate from 背离，偏离dispose of 处理，解决；去掉，丢掉，除掉dwell on／upon 老是想着；详述hinder from 阻碍，妨碍impose on 把…强加于originate in／from 起源于，来自，产生participate in 参与，参加preside at／over 主持，主管prevail over 获胜，占优势prevail on／upon 说服，劝说，诱使reconcile to 使顺从(于)，使甘心(于) reign to 使顺从restrain from 抑制，制止sacrifice to 牺牲，献出，献祭，供奉scrape by／through 勉强通过specialize in 专攻，专门研究testify to 表明，证明flare up 突然燃烧起来；突然发怒queue up 排成队(等候) dissatisfaction with／at 不满exposure to 暴露，显露；曝光objection to 反对，异议preference for／to 偏爱，喜爱；优惠；优先选择proficiency in 熟练，精通requirement for／to 需要，需要的东西，要求thirst for 渴望，热望by comparison 比较起来in sequence 依次，逐一at stake 在危急关头，在危险中in accordance with 与…一致，依照，根据on／in behalf of 代表，为了on the sly 偷偷地in excess of 超过on schedule 按时间表，及时，准时put into use 使用，应用be satisfied with 满足be satisfied of 相信hardly…when 刚…就… come to a conclusion 得出结论avoid doing sth．避免干某事decline invitation 辞谢邀请agree on／upon 取得一致意见may(might) as well 还是…好argue about 争论take(make) a stand against 反对come after 跟随in support of 支持lie up 躺着休息beside the question 离题refresh one's memory 使人记起bring to mind 使人想起compile dictionary 编字典present sb．with sth．送给某人某礼物indifferent to 不在乎go on strike 罢工against one's will 违心地in one's will在… 遗嘱中of one's free will 出于自愿with ease 容易，不费力prepare for 准备get to 开始；到达fall off 下降fall away 背离televise live 实况转播by the moment 到…时have intention of 有意，打算no intention of 无意，不打算have not the least idea of 不知道have no desire for 对…没有欲望have desire to do sth．想做某事have sth．in stock 有现货be particular about 讲究the key to …的答案(线索、办法) carry about 随身携带pass through 通过，经过pass for 被认为(当作)be of little value没什么价值cure sb of 治好某人…pull back 撤退pull round 掉头，转向；康复pull along 沿…拉die off 死去，凋谢drop down 落下do sth for a living 靠做某事谋生make a name of oneself 出名，扬名glimpse of 瞥见，一瞥glance at 瞥见，一瞥be on good terms with sb．与某人友好entitle sb．(to do)sth．给予某人(干)某事的权利beyond one's power 超出某人的能力take interest in 对…发生兴趣be answerable for 应对…hundreds of 数以百计的be lacking in 缺乏break into tears(cheers) 突然哭(欢呼)起来in correspondence with 与…联系(通信) be advantageous to 对…有利be beneficial to 对…有益in debt to sb．欠某人的债be it that 即使assure sb of sth．委托某人某事put(set) right 使恢复正常，纠正错误on the way 在途中off the way 远离正道keep on with 坚持make an attempt 试图in the mood for sth．对某事有心境escape doing sth．躲避干某事set a limit to 限制within the limit of 在…范围内call at 访问so blank (头脑)变成空白so dim (大脑)浑沌so faint 晕过去be subjected to 遭受be attached to 附属于not on any account 决不take pains to do sth．费尽苦心做某事a multitude of 大量(接复数名词) give rise to 导致give reason to 对…进行解释give suspicion to 对…怀疑make provision for 为…作准备be involved in 卷人，陷入be assigned to 被分配给…be bored to death 烦死了step into 插入，干涉adapt for 调整(以适应目标或需要) a close(narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险。

考研英语同义词和近义词辨析-陈正康老师总结

同义词辨析1.assess ，estimate,appraise,evaluate对客体的重要性形成定论，评估，估算，评价【辨析】estimate [ˈestimeit]暗示评价的主观性和不精确appraise [əˈəˈpre pre preɪɪz]表示专业水准的评估,名词appraisal assess [əˈəˈses]ses]表示为确定某物的应税价值而做出的权威估价evaluate [i [iˈˈv æljueit]表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑，不一定是金钱价值2.assume,suppose假定,设想，担任;承担;接受【辨析】suppose [s [səˈəˈəˈpp əuz]最不正式，表示根据一定证据做出的见解，assume [əˈəˈsju:m]sju:m]用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。

3.consistent,persistent【辨析】consistent [k [kəən ˈsist sistəənt]表明持之以恒，表明一种好的意志品质p ersistent [p [pəˈəˈəˈsist sist sistəənt]也有坚持的含义，但有时表明顽固不化。

4．create ，compose,invent,design,produce,manufacture创造,创作,引起,造成【辨析】create [kri [kriˈˈeit]指“创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物”,compose [k [kəəm ˈp əuz]指“创作(诗、画、音乐或文章等)”com 是在一起，manufacture [ˌm ænju njuˈˈf ækt ktʃəʃəʃə]]强调大规模制造5．evident,apparently.明显,显著,明白,迹象【辨析】e vident [ˈevid evidəənt]指明显的有根据，所以表达作者的赞成a pparently [əˈəˈp p ær əntl ntlɪɪ]指看起来的明显，但事实并非如此，经常是假象。

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级第二版)1-10课文及课后习题答案翻译

陈冠商考研英语背诵文选42篇

英语背诵文选01 The First SnowThe First SnowHenry Wadsworth LongfellowThe first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all da y long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roof s of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line acrossthe landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky no w revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their b ranches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! E very sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and mus ical. No more tramping hoofs, no more ratting wheels! Only the chimin g of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of chil dren.Notes:1. meadows: 草地、牧场2. the living: 活着的人（定冠词the +形容词，表示某一类人或事物）。

陈正康老师2012考研核心词汇和语法班精讲班讲义

professionalization [prəˈfeʃənəlaɪzeɪʃən] n.职业化，专业化industrialization [ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən]n.工业化，产业化interrelationship [ˌɪntərɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp]n.相互关系interprovincial [ɪnˈtɜː(r)prəˈvɪnʃl]a.各省之间的，省际的[真题例句] But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial —— provinces combining efforts to create one body.[2005年新题型] [例句精译] 但全国性并不意味着非得在全国范围内；也可以指省与省之间联手创立一个实体。

environmentalist [ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst]n.环境保护论者，环境论者disproportionate [ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃənət] a.不成比例的[真题例句] By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.[1995年阅读4][例句精译] 学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当的强调考试。

irresponsibility [ˌiriˌspɔnsəˈbiliti]n.无责任pretechnological [priˈteknəˈlɔdʒikəl] a.前技术时代的unpredictability [ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl]n.不可预测性[真题例句] Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.[1999年阅读5] [例句精译] 不可预测性是科学研究不可缺少的一个重要特征。

陈正康老师考研英语基础班详细笔记.

陈正康老师考研英语基础班笔记——谨以献给15考研启航学员第一次课一；词汇篇1，co-operation 合作 col-laboration 合作一起操作一起劳动co-workers 同事 con-firm 一同来确定一起工作的人一起确定com-press 压缩 con-form 遵从，一致一起按，压一起遵守non-conform-ist 不遵守则的人，不墨守成规的人（引申为“特立独行的人”）否定一致“人”考研误区：①考生同通常认为考研5500个单词为固定数目，其实都是在核心词汇的基础上，通过词根词缀的变化来考它的衍生词。

eg: respect.v.尊敬{respective.adj.各自的respectable.adj.值得尊敬的}consider.v.考虑{considerable.adj.值得考虑的引申为“相当多，相当重要的”considerate.adj.体贴的，考虑周到的}sense.n.感觉{sensitive.adj.敏感的sensible.adj.明智的}由上可知，考研中的衍生词，有时往往和它的词根意义不一致。

yield ①give up 放弃②out put 产量历年来只考过这两个含义，背单词一定要循环往复，通过词根词缀来记忆单词。

②考研词汇量越多越好。

*考研单词要深度挖掘，要背它的一词多义，熟词生义，衍生词。

2，professionalization.n.职业化，专业化profession.n.职业，专业profession-al.adj.职业的，专业的-al表示adj的后缀professionai-ize.v.使专业化，使职业化-ize通常翻译为“使”，是表示v的后缀professionaliz-ation.n.职业化，专业化-ation表示n的后缀联想：①realize.v.实现real.adj.真实的real-ize.v.使变成真的，引申为“实现”②globe.n.地球，球体glob-al.adj.全球的global-ize.v.使全球，使全球化globaliz-ation.n.全球化3，homogenization.n.（均）匀化，同质化（即所有人都用一样的东西）homosexual.n.同性恋homo表示相同“一致”“意义”的前缀homogenous.adj.相同基因的homogenization.n.具有相同基因的，性质一样的，引申为“同质化”真题例句:The mass media,advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.直译：大众媒体，广告和运动对同质化来讲是一些其他的力量。

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2016 考研英语阅读基础班讲义（适合英语一及英语二考生）正康博士编讲1994 Passage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A]withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B]obtain more convenient services than other people do[C]enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D]cash money wherever he wishes to56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A]in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B]credit cards are mainly used in the United State today[C]nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D]it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57.The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________".[A]make an order of goods[B]record basic sales on a cash register[C]call the sales manager[D]keep track of the goods in stock58.What is this passage mainly about?[A]Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B]Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C]Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D]Advantages of credit cards in business.1995text 4Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!"By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might bespent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.63.According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.[A]impatient[B]considerate[C]aggressive[D]agreeable64.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because________.[A]the pressure is too great on the students[B]some students are bound to fail[C]failure rates are too high[D]the results of examinations are doubtful65.The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.[A]candidates' sensitivity[B]academic achievements[C]competitive spirit[D]surer values66.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.[A]the personality of a child is well established at birth[B]family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics[C]the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors[D]B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society1997text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:"We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history."The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia — where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part — other states are going to consider making asimilar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally illby two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition."I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.51.From the second paragraph we learn that ________.[A]the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B]physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C]changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law[D]it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage52.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.[A]observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B]similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries[C]observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes[D]the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.[A]face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B]experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C]have an intense fear of terrible suffering[D]undergo a cooling off period of seven days54.The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[C]approval[D]indifference1997 Passage 5Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy thatlikens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upendedthe old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67.From the passage we learn that ________.[A]there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates[B]economy will always follow certain models[C]the economic situation is better than expected[D]economists had foreseen the present economic situation68.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A]Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.[B]An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.[C]A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.[D]Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.69.The sentence "This is no flash in the pan" (line 5, paragraph 3) means that ________.[A]the low inflation rate will last for some time[B]the inflation rate will soon rise[C]the inflation will disappear quickly[D]there is no inflation at present70.The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.[A]critical of[B]puzzled by[C]disappointed at[D]amazed at2000 Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Justas inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenithwas bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."51. The US achieved its predominance after World WarⅡ because________.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of US predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in thefact that the American________.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________.[A]turning of the business cycle[B]restructuring of industry[C]improved business management[D]success in education2000 Passage 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years — even the past 100 years — our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because________.[A]life has been improved by technological advance[B]the number of female babies has been declining[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution.[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution.[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature.[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere.推荐用书：2015 考研英语真题超精读基础篇（1994 到 2004 年真题超精解）。